Fractal characterization of normal cerebral ventricles in t2-wheigthed magnetic resonance imaging
Introduction: The fractal geometry describes adequately the irregularity of the natural objects such as the cerebral ventricles, which are irregular structures that can be characterized through the Box-Counting method. Objective: This research aims to develop a new methodology of geometric character...
- Autores:
-
Velasco, Alejandro
Rodríguez, Javier O.
Ordoñez, Edgar G.
Ordoñez Rubiano, Edgar G.
Prieto, Signed E.
Correa, Catalina S.
Forero, Germán
Méndez, Laura
Bernal, Herbet
Valero, Laura P.
Hoyos, Natalia
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2017
- Institución:
- Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud - FUCS
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital Institucional ReDi
- Idioma:
- eng
spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.fucsalud.edu.co:001/1778
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.fucsalud.edu.co/handle/001/1778
- Palabra clave:
- Brain
Cerebral ventricle
Fractal geometry
Lateral ventricles
Cerebro
Fractales
Ventrículos laterales
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Fractal characterization of normal cerebral ventricles in t2-wheigthed magnetic resonance imaging |
| dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv |
Caracterización fractal de ventrículos cerebrales normales en imágenes de resonancia magnética ponderadas en T2 |
| title |
Fractal characterization of normal cerebral ventricles in t2-wheigthed magnetic resonance imaging |
| spellingShingle |
Fractal characterization of normal cerebral ventricles in t2-wheigthed magnetic resonance imaging Brain Cerebral ventricle Fractal geometry Lateral ventricles Cerebro Fractales Ventrículos laterales |
| title_short |
Fractal characterization of normal cerebral ventricles in t2-wheigthed magnetic resonance imaging |
| title_full |
Fractal characterization of normal cerebral ventricles in t2-wheigthed magnetic resonance imaging |
| title_fullStr |
Fractal characterization of normal cerebral ventricles in t2-wheigthed magnetic resonance imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Fractal characterization of normal cerebral ventricles in t2-wheigthed magnetic resonance imaging |
| title_sort |
Fractal characterization of normal cerebral ventricles in t2-wheigthed magnetic resonance imaging |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Velasco, Alejandro Rodríguez, Javier O. Ordoñez, Edgar G. Ordoñez Rubiano, Edgar G. Prieto, Signed E. Correa, Catalina S. Forero, Germán Méndez, Laura Bernal, Herbet Valero, Laura P. Hoyos, Natalia |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Velasco, Alejandro Rodríguez, Javier O. Ordoñez, Edgar G. Ordoñez Rubiano, Edgar G. Prieto, Signed E. Correa, Catalina S. Forero, Germán Méndez, Laura Bernal, Herbet Valero, Laura P. Hoyos, Natalia |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Brain Cerebral ventricle Fractal geometry Lateral ventricles |
| topic |
Brain Cerebral ventricle Fractal geometry Lateral ventricles Cerebro Fractales Ventrículos laterales |
| dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv |
Cerebro Fractales Ventrículos laterales |
| description |
Introduction: The fractal geometry describes adequately the irregularity of the natural objects such as the cerebral ventricles, which are irregular structures that can be characterized through the Box-Counting method. Objective: This research aims to develop a new methodology of geometric characterization of the cerebral ventricles, based on the fractal geometry for the analysis of normal cerebral ventricles. Methods: Based on the Box-Counting method, the fractal dimensions of the both lateral ventricles of a normal adult were obtained. Sequential cephalic-caudal 4mm axial slices were acquired on T2-WI, and the differences and similarities of the lateral ventricles were established using the Ventricular Intrinsic Mathematical Harmony. Results: The fractal dimension of the left lateral ventricle had values between 1.0641 and 1,3599, and in the right lateral ventricle had values between 0.8931 and 1.3219. Conclusion: A new morphometric measure of the cerebral ventricles was developed based on the fractal geometry for its use as an objective and reproducible measure. |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-10 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-09-14T19:21:14Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-09-14T19:21:14Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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Text |
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https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/WP |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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https://repositorio.fucsalud.edu.co/handle/001/1778 |
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https://repositorio.fucsalud.edu.co/handle/001/1778 |
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eng spa |
| language |
eng spa |
| dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv |
Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia ISSN:1665-5044 Vol.18 Núm.5 (2017) |
| dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
22 |
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5 |
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14 |
| dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
18 |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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9 p. |
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application/pdf |
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Academia Mexicana de Neurología |
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México |
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https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=75059 |
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Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud - FUCS |
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Velasco, Alejandro338fc0afde9411e7af8ad722eecce41dRodríguez, Javier O.051f5cb0e780f0830bfdf376bd786814Ordoñez, Edgar G.a315955ac160ca1454acc9833d990b6bOrdoñez Rubiano, Edgar G.73dc72499503aba8d8a4ad94ba8b6a52Prieto, Signed E.d6d7d80495ed61252d493a54622e5d73Correa, Catalina S.fc6f9c9e349cc94cba6ee702eed556d2Forero, Germán35b256c6e7894f55a315935511e9e519Méndez, Laura0da131859caa71da7e88fbc231e5b539Bernal, Herbet817809bd9cb392df9fba642df7a45e96Valero, Laura P.d0a8144e4940c78a9b8757dc3275090fHoyos, Nataliae38fff9a0ef77fa2478a01eedecdc87d2021-09-14T19:21:14Z2017-102021-09-14T19:21:14ZAcademia Mexicana de NeurologíaMéxicoIntroduction: The fractal geometry describes adequately the irregularity of the natural objects such as the cerebral ventricles, which are irregular structures that can be characterized through the Box-Counting method. Objective: This research aims to develop a new methodology of geometric characterization of the cerebral ventricles, based on the fractal geometry for the analysis of normal cerebral ventricles. Methods: Based on the Box-Counting method, the fractal dimensions of the both lateral ventricles of a normal adult were obtained. Sequential cephalic-caudal 4mm axial slices were acquired on T2-WI, and the differences and similarities of the lateral ventricles were established using the Ventricular Intrinsic Mathematical Harmony. Results: The fractal dimension of the left lateral ventricle had values between 1.0641 and 1,3599, and in the right lateral ventricle had values between 0.8931 and 1.3219. Conclusion: A new morphometric measure of the cerebral ventricles was developed based on the fractal geometry for its use as an objective and reproducible measure.Introducción: Las dimensiones fractales permiten caracterizar matemáticamente la irregularidad de las formas naturales como los son las estructuras cerebrales. Los ventrículos cerebrales son objetos irregulares que pueden ser estudiados mediante esta geometría. Objetivo: La investigación pretende desarrollar una caracterización en el espacio fractal de Box-Counting del ventrículo cerebral normal del adulto. Métodos: Con fundamento en el método Box-Counting, se analizó la estructura geométrica de las imágenes obtenidas mediante TAC de un sujeto normal. Para ello se tomaron las imágenes de cortes cada 4mm y se midieron las dimensiones fractales de los ventrículos cerebrales, determinando además la Armonía Matemática Intrínseca Ventricular entre las imágenes consecutivas de cada ventrículo. Resultados: Las dimensiones fractales presentaron valores entre 0.8931 y 1.3599, con valores de AMIV entre 0 y 2, mostrando la capacidad de la metodología de caracterizar la estructura irregular de los ventrículos cerebrales. Conclusiones: Los resultados constituyen una nueva medida morfométrica para los ventrículos cerebrales, que permitió establecer medidas características de normalidad de utilidad como referencia para determinar la presencia de alteraciones ventriculares.https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=750599 p.application/pdfFractal characterization of normal cerebral ventricles in t2-wheigthed magnetic resonance imagingCaracterización fractal de ventrículos cerebrales normales en imágenes de resonancia magnética ponderadas en T2Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/WPhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85https://repositorio.fucsalud.edu.co/handle/001/1778engspaRevista Mexicana de Neurociencia ISSN:1665-5044 Vol.18 Núm.5 (2017)2251418Revista Mexicana de Neurocienciainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2BrainCerebral ventricleFractal geometryLateral ventriclesCerebroFractalesVentrículos lateralesPublicationORIGINALFractal characterization of normal cerebral.pdfFractal characterization of normal cerebral.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf361658https://repositorio.fucsalud.edu.co/bitstreams/d51e0012-8ad7-4846-8f4d-49906869ec79/downloade930474d3806b72c044302d31220163aMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815424https://repositorio.fucsalud.edu.co/bitstreams/f44c2d00-248e-4876-a094-d4a835fb98b0/downloadf6cfdd0a0be8a7a8b575d6cd88a94402MD52TEXTFractal characterization of normal cerebral.pdf.txtFractal characterization of normal cerebral.pdf.txtExtracted 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