Evaluation of internal curing effects on concrete
The objective of the present research was the evaluation of some fresh and hardened-state properties of concretes, in which coarse aggregates were partially replaced by lightweight ones previously saturated, in percentages of 15 % and 25 %. The lightweight aggregates were calcined clays and crushed...
- Autores:
-
Rodríguez-Torres, Sergio David
Torres Castellanos, Nancy
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional ECI
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/2406
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2406
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v39n2.76505
https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv/article/view/76505
- Palabra clave:
- Absorption
Chloride resistance
Contraction
Internal curing
Lightweight aggregates
Lightweight concrete
Slum
Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
Absorción
Agregados ligeros
Asentamiento
Concreto ligero
Contraccion
Curado interno
Polımeros superabsorbentes SAP
Resistencia a cloruros
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
id |
ESCUELAIG2_ef93e21b8296848fa8d7f954ddca87e1 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/2406 |
network_acronym_str |
ESCUELAIG2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional ECI |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Evaluation of internal curing effects on concrete |
dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv |
Evaluación de los efectos del curado interno del concreto |
title |
Evaluation of internal curing effects on concrete |
spellingShingle |
Evaluation of internal curing effects on concrete Absorption Chloride resistance Contraction Internal curing Lightweight aggregates Lightweight concrete Slum Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) Absorción Agregados ligeros Asentamiento Concreto ligero Contraccion Curado interno Polımeros superabsorbentes SAP Resistencia a cloruros |
title_short |
Evaluation of internal curing effects on concrete |
title_full |
Evaluation of internal curing effects on concrete |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of internal curing effects on concrete |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of internal curing effects on concrete |
title_sort |
Evaluation of internal curing effects on concrete |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Rodríguez-Torres, Sergio David Torres Castellanos, Nancy |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Rodríguez-Torres, Sergio David Torres Castellanos, Nancy |
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Grupo de Investigación Estructuras y Materiales - Gimeci |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Absorption Chloride resistance Contraction Internal curing Lightweight aggregates Lightweight concrete Slum Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) |
topic |
Absorption Chloride resistance Contraction Internal curing Lightweight aggregates Lightweight concrete Slum Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) Absorción Agregados ligeros Asentamiento Concreto ligero Contraccion Curado interno Polımeros superabsorbentes SAP Resistencia a cloruros |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Absorción Agregados ligeros Asentamiento Concreto ligero Contraccion Curado interno Polımeros superabsorbentes SAP Resistencia a cloruros |
description |
The objective of the present research was the evaluation of some fresh and hardened-state properties of concretes, in which coarse aggregates were partially replaced by lightweight ones previously saturated, in percentages of 15 % and 25 %. The lightweight aggregates were calcined clays and crushed clay bricks. In parallel, the effect of an internal curing agent composed of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) was evaluated. The properties evaluated in the fresh and hardened-state of concretes with a/c of 0,30 were: slum, air content, density, compression resistance, modulus of elasticity, initial superficial absorption and chlorine resistance. Results showed the efficiency of crushed clay bricks as internal curing, as well as the need for deeper research on the use of the evaluated lightweight aggregate as internal curing aggregate in concrete. Results indicate that the crushed clay bricks and the internal curing agent fulfill the behavior expected, in terms of strength and durability. However, the evaluated lightweight aggregate produces a reduction in the resistance and durability of the concrete. The observed behavior in strength and durability is especially variable for the age of 180 days, compared with conventional concretes. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2019 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-06-09T20:41:41Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-06-09T20:41:41Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
0120-5609 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2406 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v39n2.76505 |
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
2248-8723 |
dc.identifier.url.none.fl_str_mv |
https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv/article/view/76505 |
identifier_str_mv |
0120-5609 2248-8723 |
url |
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2406 https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v39n2.76505 https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv/article/view/76505 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
45 |
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
2 |
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
37 |
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
39 |
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv |
N/A |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería e Investigación |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
ACI Committee 211 (1991). Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete (ACI 211.1-91). Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute. ACI Committee 308 (2008). Guide to Curing Concrete (ACI 308 R-01). Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute. ACI Committee 308-213 (2013). Report on Internally Cured Concrete Using Prewetted Absorptive Lightweight Aggregate (ACI 308-213 R-13). Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute. AIS (2010). Reglamento colombiano de construccion sismo ´ resistente (NSR-10). Bogota: Asociaci ´ on Colombiana de ´ Ingenier´ıa S´ısmica ASTM C157/C157M-17 (2017). Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. DOI: 10.1520/C0157_C0157M-17 ASTM C1585-13 (2013). Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. DOI: 10.1520/C1585-13 ASTM C1202 (2012). Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. DOI: 10.1520/C1202-19 ASTM C469/C469M (2014). Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. DOI: 10.1520/C0469 Bentz, D. P., and Weiss, W. J. (2011). Internal Curing: A 2010 State-of-the-Art Review (NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) – 7765). DOI: 10.6028/ NIST.IR.7765 Castro, J., Keiser, L., Golias, M., and Weiss, J. (2011). Absorption and desorption properties of fine lightweight aggregate for application to internally cured concrete mixtures. Cement and Concrete Composites, 33(10), 1001-1008. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.07.006 Castro, J., Keiser, L., Golias, M., and Weiss, J. (2011). Absorption and desorption properties of fine lightweight aggregate for application to internally cured concrete mixtures. Cement and Concrete Composites, 33(10), 1001-1008. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.07.006 Dayalan, J., and Buellah, M. (2014). Internal Curing of Concrete Using Prewetted Light Weight Aggregates. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(3), 10554-10560. Retrieved from: http: //www.ijirset.com/upload/2014/march/95_Internal.pdf ICONTEC. (1994). NTC 4022 – Masa unitaria de concreto liviano estructural. Bogota: ICONTEC. ICONTEC. (1997). NTC 4045 – Agregados livianos para concreto estructural. Bogota: ICONTEC ICONTEC. (2005). NTC 3494 – Determinacion de la retenci ´ on de ´ agua de los materiales utilizados para el curado del concreto, NTC. Bogota: ICONTEC. Kovler, K. and Jensen, M.O. (Eds.). (2007) Internal Curing of Concrete - State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 196-ICC. Bagneux: RILEM publications. Neville, A. M. M., and Brooks, J. J. (2010). Concrete Technology. Harlow, England, New York: Prentice Hall. DOI: 10.1016/ 0360-1323(76)90009-3 Shafigh, P., Jumaat, M. Z., Mahmud, H. Bin, and Hamid, N. A. A. (2012). Lightweight concrete made from crushed oil palm shell: Tensile strength and effect of initial curing on compressive strength. Construction and Building Materials, 27(1),252-258. DOI: 10.1016/ j.conbuildmat.2011.07.051 Saffar, D. M. Al, Saad, A. J. K. Al, and Tayeh, B. A. (2019). Effect of internal curing on behavior of high-performance concrete: An overview. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 10(e00229). DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00229 |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
9 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Colombia |
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv/article/view/76505 |
institution |
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2406/4/Evaluation%20of%20internal%20curing%20effects%20on%20concrete.pdf.jpg https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2406/3/Evaluation%20of%20internal%20curing%20effects%20on%20concrete.pdf.txt https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2406/2/license.txt https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2406/1/Evaluation%20of%20internal%20curing%20effects%20on%20concrete.pdf |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
fbe71a34593020ed6901a567f43331bb 4b61c5db0a7a18a9a83d470e67c05d12 5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06e dee95e757cc9cad4e4a4a36eb67a0db8 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.co |
_version_ |
1814355630493794304 |
spelling |
Rodríguez-Torres, Sergio David50df0331bc3b162e3dd947edac956a66Torres Castellanos, Nancy2b475ecd9ea004cd3b18c2eaf60c01d1600Grupo de Investigación Estructuras y Materiales - Gimeci2023-06-09T20:41:41Z2023-06-09T20:41:41Z20190120-5609https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2406https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v39n2.765052248-8723https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv/article/view/76505The objective of the present research was the evaluation of some fresh and hardened-state properties of concretes, in which coarse aggregates were partially replaced by lightweight ones previously saturated, in percentages of 15 % and 25 %. The lightweight aggregates were calcined clays and crushed clay bricks. In parallel, the effect of an internal curing agent composed of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) was evaluated. The properties evaluated in the fresh and hardened-state of concretes with a/c of 0,30 were: slum, air content, density, compression resistance, modulus of elasticity, initial superficial absorption and chlorine resistance. Results showed the efficiency of crushed clay bricks as internal curing, as well as the need for deeper research on the use of the evaluated lightweight aggregate as internal curing aggregate in concrete. Results indicate that the crushed clay bricks and the internal curing agent fulfill the behavior expected, in terms of strength and durability. However, the evaluated lightweight aggregate produces a reduction in the resistance and durability of the concrete. The observed behavior in strength and durability is especially variable for the age of 180 days, compared with conventional concretes.La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo la evaluación de algunas propiedades en estado fresco y endurecido de concretos, en los cuales se realizaron reemplazos parciales de agregado grueso por agregados ligeros previamente saturados, en porcentajes de 15 % y 25 %. Los agregados ligeros fueron arcillas calcinadas y ladrillos de arcilla triturados. Paralelamente, se evaluó el efecto de un agente de curado interno compuesto por polímeros super absorbentes (SAP). Las propiedades evaluadas en estado fresco y endurecido de los concretos con una relación a/c de 0,30 fueron: asentamiento, contenido de aire, densidad, resistencia a compresión, modulo de elasticidad, tasa de absorción superficial inicial y resistencia a cloruros. Los resultados mostraron la eficiencia de los ladrillos de arcilla triturados y del agente curador interno, así como también la necesidad de realizar investigación mas profunda en la utilización del agregado ligero evaluado como agregado de curado interno en el concreto. La investigación prueba que La mampostería de arcilla triturada cumple el comportamiento esperado en un agente de curado interno desde el punto de vista de durabilidad y resistencia, mientras que el agregado ligero evaluado produjo una reducción en la resistencia y la durabilidad del concreto. El comportamiento observado en cuestión de resistencia y durabilidad es especialmente cambiante para la edad de 180 días, en comparación con los concretos convencionales.9 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaColombiahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv/article/view/76505Evaluation of internal curing effects on concreteEvaluación de los efectos del curado interno del concretoArtículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a854523739N/AIngeniería e InvestigaciónACI Committee 211 (1991). Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete (ACI 211.1-91). Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.ACI Committee 308 (2008). Guide to Curing Concrete (ACI 308 R-01). Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.ACI Committee 308-213 (2013). Report on Internally Cured Concrete Using Prewetted Absorptive Lightweight Aggregate (ACI 308-213 R-13). Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.AIS (2010). Reglamento colombiano de construccion sismo ´ resistente (NSR-10). Bogota: Asociaci ´ on Colombiana de ´ Ingenier´ıa S´ısmicaASTM C157/C157M-17 (2017). Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. DOI: 10.1520/C0157_C0157M-17ASTM C1585-13 (2013). Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. DOI: 10.1520/C1585-13ASTM C1202 (2012). Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. DOI: 10.1520/C1202-19ASTM C469/C469M (2014). Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. DOI: 10.1520/C0469Bentz, D. P., and Weiss, W. J. (2011). Internal Curing: A 2010 State-of-the-Art Review (NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) – 7765). DOI: 10.6028/ NIST.IR.7765Castro, J., Keiser, L., Golias, M., and Weiss, J. (2011). Absorption and desorption properties of fine lightweight aggregate for application to internally cured concrete mixtures. Cement and Concrete Composites, 33(10), 1001-1008. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.07.006Castro, J., Keiser, L., Golias, M., and Weiss, J. (2011). Absorption and desorption properties of fine lightweight aggregate for application to internally cured concrete mixtures. Cement and Concrete Composites, 33(10), 1001-1008. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.07.006Dayalan, J., and Buellah, M. (2014). Internal Curing of Concrete Using Prewetted Light Weight Aggregates. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(3), 10554-10560. Retrieved from: http: //www.ijirset.com/upload/2014/march/95_Internal.pdfICONTEC. (1994). NTC 4022 – Masa unitaria de concreto liviano estructural. Bogota: ICONTEC.ICONTEC. (1997). NTC 4045 – Agregados livianos para concreto estructural. Bogota: ICONTECICONTEC. (2005). NTC 3494 – Determinacion de la retenci ´ on de ´ agua de los materiales utilizados para el curado del concreto, NTC. Bogota: ICONTEC.Kovler, K. and Jensen, M.O. (Eds.). (2007) Internal Curing of Concrete - State-of-the-Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 196-ICC. Bagneux: RILEM publications.Neville, A. M. M., and Brooks, J. J. (2010). Concrete Technology. Harlow, England, New York: Prentice Hall. DOI: 10.1016/ 0360-1323(76)90009-3Shafigh, P., Jumaat, M. Z., Mahmud, H. Bin, and Hamid, N. A. A. (2012). Lightweight concrete made from crushed oil palm shell: Tensile strength and effect of initial curing on compressive strength. Construction and Building Materials, 27(1),252-258. DOI: 10.1016/ j.conbuildmat.2011.07.051Saffar, D. M. Al, Saad, A. J. K. Al, and Tayeh, B. A. (2019). Effect of internal curing on behavior of high-performance concrete: An overview. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 10(e00229). DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00229AbsorptionChloride resistanceContractionInternal curingLightweight aggregatesLightweight concreteSlumSuperabsorbent polymers (SAP)AbsorciónAgregados ligerosAsentamientoConcreto ligeroContraccionCurado internoPolımeros superabsorbentes SAPResistencia a clorurosTHUMBNAILEvaluation of internal curing effects on concrete.pdf.jpgEvaluation of internal curing effects on concrete.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16507https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2406/4/Evaluation%20of%20internal%20curing%20effects%20on%20concrete.pdf.jpgfbe71a34593020ed6901a567f43331bbMD54open accessTEXTEvaluation of internal curing effects on concrete.pdf.txtEvaluation of internal curing effects on concrete.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain35878https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2406/3/Evaluation%20of%20internal%20curing%20effects%20on%20concrete.pdf.txt4b61c5db0a7a18a9a83d470e67c05d12MD53open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81881https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2406/2/license.txt5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06eMD52open accessORIGINALEvaluation of internal curing effects on concrete.pdfEvaluation of internal curing effects on concrete.pdfArtículo de revistaapplication/pdf2782665https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2406/1/Evaluation%20of%20internal%20curing%20effects%20on%20concrete.pdfdee95e757cc9cad4e4a4a36eb67a0db8MD51open access001/2406oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/24062023-06-10 03:01:22.063open accessRepositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitorepositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.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 |