Performance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin (MK)

In this work the evaluation of the performance of concrete added with Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst residue (FCC) from a Colombian petroleum company, under sulfate attack, is presented. The results of this concrete are compared with the results of Metakaolin (MK) added concrete. The analysis of...

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Autores:
Torres Castellanos, Nancy
Torres Agredo, Janneth
MEJIA DE GUTIERREZ, RUBY
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2013
Institución:
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional ECI
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/2413
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2413
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v33n1.37661
https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv/article/view/37661
Palabra clave:
Fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue
Metakaolin
Pozzolanic additions
Concrete
Compressive strength
Durability
Residuo de catalizador de craqueo catalítico
Metacaolín
Adiciones puzolánicas
Concreto
Resistencia a compresión
Durabilidad
Rights
openAccess
License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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network_acronym_str ESCUELAIG2
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional ECI
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Performance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin (MK)
dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv Desempeño frente a sulfatos de concretos adicionados con residuo de catalizador de craqueo catalítico (FCC) y metacaolín (MK)
title Performance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin (MK)
spellingShingle Performance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin (MK)
Fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue
Metakaolin
Pozzolanic additions
Concrete
Compressive strength
Durability
Residuo de catalizador de craqueo catalítico
Metacaolín
Adiciones puzolánicas
Concreto
Resistencia a compresión
Durabilidad
title_short Performance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin (MK)
title_full Performance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin (MK)
title_fullStr Performance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin (MK)
title_full_unstemmed Performance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin (MK)
title_sort Performance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin (MK)
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Torres Castellanos, Nancy
Torres Agredo, Janneth
MEJIA DE GUTIERREZ, RUBY
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Torres Castellanos, Nancy
Torres Agredo, Janneth
MEJIA DE GUTIERREZ, RUBY
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Grupo de Investigación Estructuras y Materiales - Gimeci
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue
Metakaolin
Pozzolanic additions
Concrete
Compressive strength
Durability
topic Fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue
Metakaolin
Pozzolanic additions
Concrete
Compressive strength
Durability
Residuo de catalizador de craqueo catalítico
Metacaolín
Adiciones puzolánicas
Concreto
Resistencia a compresión
Durabilidad
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Residuo de catalizador de craqueo catalítico
Metacaolín
Adiciones puzolánicas
Concreto
Resistencia a compresión
Durabilidad
description In this work the evaluation of the performance of concrete added with Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst residue (FCC) from a Colombian petroleum company, under sulfate attack, is presented. The results of this concrete are compared with the results of Metakaolin (MK) added concrete. The analysis of the pozzolanic materials included the determination of the particle size, the pozzolanic activity and the chemical and mineralogical composition. Different percentages of FCC were used as Portland cement replacement in proportions of 0, 10, 20 and 30%; similarly concrete added with 20% of MK as replacement was elaborated. Compressive strength and performance under sulfate attack were evaluated. Results showed that concrete with FCC and MK as well as control concrete had similar behavior; however its expansion was higher. In addition, the performance of the two types of concrete (FCC y MK) under sulfate attack was comparable; this could be due to fact that FCC and MK showed similarities regarding of their chemical and mineralogical composition. Importantly, after 360 days of exposure the specimens with MK and FCC showed no significant deterioration.
publishDate 2013
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2013
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-06-14T17:54:02Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-06-14T17:54:02Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 2248-8723
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url https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2413
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v33n1.37661
https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv/article/view/37661
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 22
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 18
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 33
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv N/A
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Ingeniería e Investigación
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv ACI Committee, R., Guide to Durable Concrete, Report ACI 201R, United States, American Concrete Institute, 2001.
Al-Amoudi O., Attack on plain and blended cements exposed to aggressive sulfate environment, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol., 24, Aug., 2002, pp. 305–316.
Al-Dulaijan, S.U., Maslehuddin, M., Al-Zahrani, M.M., Sharif, A.M., Shameem, M. Ibrahim M. Sulfate resistance of plain and blended cements exposed to varying concentrations of sodium sulfate. Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 25, No 4–5, May– July 2003, pp. 429-437.
Al-Jabri, K., Baawain, M., Taha, R., Al-Kamyani, Z.S., Al-Shamsi, K., Ishtieh, A., Potential use of FCC spent catalyst as partial replacement of cement or sand in cement mortars. Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 39, Feb., 2013, pp. 77-81.
Antiohos, S.K., Chouliara E., Tsimas S., Re-use of Spent Catalyst from Oil-Cracking Refineries as Supplementary Cementing Material, China Particuology, Vol. 4, No. 2, Apr., 2006, pp. 73-76
Borrachero, M., Monzó, J., Payá, J., Mora, Vunda, Velásquez, S., Soriano, L., El Catalizador Gastado de Craqueo Catalítico Adicionado al Cemento Pórtland: Las Primeras 48 Horas de Curado y la Evolución de la Resistencia Mecánica, VIII Congreso Nacional de Propiedades Mecánicas de Sólidos, Gandia 2002.
Borrachero, M., Monzó, J., Payá, J., Mora, Vunda, Velásquez, S., Soriano, L., El Catalizador Gastado de Craqueo Catalítico Adicionado al Cemento Pórtland: Las Primeras 48 Horas de Curado y la Evolución de la Resistencia Mecánica, VIII Congreso Nacional de Propiedades Mecánicas de Sólidos, Gandia 2002.
Bukowska, M., Pacewska, B., Wilinska, I., Corrosion Resistance of Cement Mortars Containing Spent Catalyst of Fluidized Be Cracking (FBCC) as an Additive, Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 74, No. 3, 2003, pp. 931-942.
Bukowska, M., Pacewska, B., Wilinska, I., Influence of spent catalyst used for catalytic cracking in a fluidized bed on sulphate corrosion of cement mortars: I. Na2SO4 medium, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 34, No. 5, 2004, pp. 759- 767.
Castellano, N., Torres, J. Uso del catalizador gastado de craqueo catalítico (FCC) como adición puzolánica – Revisión, Ingeniería e Investigación, Vol. 30, No 2, Aug., 2010, pp. 35-42.
Cohen, M. D., Bentur, A., Durability of Portland cement-silica fume pastes in magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate solutions, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 85, No. 3, 1998, pp. 148-157.
Fernández, M., Hormigón, Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Sexta edición, 2002.
García-Lodeiro, I., Palomo, A., Fernández-Jiménez, A., Alkaliaggregate reaction in activated fly ash systems, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 37, Feb., 2007, pp.175-183.
Gartner, E., Industrially Interesting Approaches to Low CO2 Cements, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 34, Sept., 2004, pp.1489-1498.
Hwang C. L., Sheen, D.H., The effect of blast-furnace slag and fly ash on the hydration of Portland cement, Cement and concrete research, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1991, pp.410-425.
Hwang C. L., Sheen, D.H., The effect of blast-furnace slag and fly ash on the hydration of Portland cement, Cement and concrete research, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1991, pp.410-425.
Lothenbach, B., Scrivener, K, Hooton, R.D., Supplementary cementitious materials, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 41, Dec. 2011, pp. 1244-1256.
Malhotra V, M., Mehta P.K., Pozzolanic and Cementitious Material, Ottawa: Gordon and Breach Publishers, 1996.
Morozov, Y., Castela, A.S., Dias, A.P.S., Montemor M.F., Chlorideinduced corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel in spent fluid cracking catalyst modified mortars. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 47, May 2013, pp. 1-7.
Payá, J., Monzó, J., Borrachero, M.V., Physical, Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Residue (FC3R) Blended Cements, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 31, Jan. 2001, pp. 57-61.
Payá, J., Monzó, J., Borrachero, M.V., Amahjour, F., Girbe´s, I., Velazquez, S., Ordoñez, L.M., Advantages in the use of fly ashes in cements containig pozzolanic combustion residues: silica fume, sewage sludge ash, spent fluidized bed catalyst and rice husk ash, Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Vol. 77, 2002, pp. 331-335.
Payá, J., Monzó, J., Borrachero, M.V., Velázquez, S., Evaluation of the Pozzolanic Activity of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Residue (FC3R), Thermogravimetric Analysis Studies on FC3R Portland Cement Pastes, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 33, Apr., 2003, pp. 603-609.
Pacewska, B., Wilińskaa, I., Kubissab, J., Use of Spent Catalyst from Catalytic Cracking in Fluidized Bed as New Concrete Additive, Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 322, No. 2, Nov., 1998, pp. 175- 181.
Pacewska, B., Bukowska, M., Wilińska, I., Influence of Some Aggressive Media on Corrosion Resistance of Mortars with Spent Cracking Catalyst, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. Vol. 60, No. 1, 2000, pp. 257-264.
Pacewska, B., Wilińska, I., Bukowska, M., Hydration of Cement Slurry in the Presence of Spent Cracking Catalyst, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 60, No. 1, 2000, pp. 71-78.
Price L, Worrel, E., Phylipsen, D., Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Energy Intensive Industries in Key Developing Countries, Proceedings of the 1990 Earth Technologies Forum, Sept., 1999, pp. 1-15.
Roskovic, R., Bjegović, D., Role of Mineral Additions in Reducing CO2 Emission, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 35, No. 5, May., 2005, pp. 974-978.
Sánchez de Rojas M.I., Frías, M., The pozzolanic activity of different materials, its influence on the hydration heat in mortars, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 26, No. 2 Feb. 1996, pp. 203-213.
Soriano, M. L., Nuevas Aportaciones en el Desarrollo de Materiales Cementantes con Residuo de Catalizador de Craqueo Catalítico (FCC), Tesis de Doctorado presentada en la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, España, 2008
Taylor, H. F. W., Cement Chemistry, Academic press, London, 1990, pp. 1-100.
Torres, J., Mejía de Gutierrez, R., Gutiérrez, C., The performance of mortar containing added metakaolin regarding sulfate action, Ingeniería e Investigación. Vol. 28, No. 1, Apr., 2008, pp. 117-122.
Torres, J., Mejía de Gutiérrez, R., Delvasto, Silvio, Efecto del porcentaje de adición de Metacaolín en las propiedades finales del concreto adicionado, Revista Ingeniería y Universidad, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2011, pp. 77-90.
Trochez, J., Torres, J., Mejía de Gutiérrez, R., Study of hydration of cement pastes added with used catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC) from a Colombian refinery, Revista de la Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, No. 55, Sept., 2010, pp. 26- 34.
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spelling Torres Castellanos, Nancy2b475ecd9ea004cd3b18c2eaf60c01d1600Torres Agredo, Jannethfd1b7e8459ceffd8bd79ade65d117e45600MEJIA DE GUTIERREZ, RUBY1d40a1c29dc7dccc99fa2cb488ff2a90600Grupo de Investigación Estructuras y Materiales - Gimeci2023-06-14T17:54:02Z2023-06-14T17:54:02Z20130120-5609https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2413https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v33n1.376612248-8723https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv/article/view/37661In this work the evaluation of the performance of concrete added with Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst residue (FCC) from a Colombian petroleum company, under sulfate attack, is presented. The results of this concrete are compared with the results of Metakaolin (MK) added concrete. The analysis of the pozzolanic materials included the determination of the particle size, the pozzolanic activity and the chemical and mineralogical composition. Different percentages of FCC were used as Portland cement replacement in proportions of 0, 10, 20 and 30%; similarly concrete added with 20% of MK as replacement was elaborated. Compressive strength and performance under sulfate attack were evaluated. Results showed that concrete with FCC and MK as well as control concrete had similar behavior; however its expansion was higher. In addition, the performance of the two types of concrete (FCC y MK) under sulfate attack was comparable; this could be due to fact that FCC and MK showed similarities regarding of their chemical and mineralogical composition. Importantly, after 360 days of exposure the specimens with MK and FCC showed no significant deterioration.En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación del desempeño de concretos adicionados con un residuo de catalizador de craqueo catalítico (FCC) frente al ataque de sulfatos. Los resultados son comparados con concretos adicionados con metacaolín (MK). Los análisis de los materiales puzolánicos incluyen la determinación del tamaño de partícula, la actividad puzolánica y la composición química y mineralógica. Se utilizaron diferentes porcentajes de adición de FCC como reemplazo de cemento, en proporciones de 0, 10, 20 y 30%; de manera similar, se elaboraron concretos adicionados con MK en un 20%. Se evaluó la resistencia a la compresión y el desempeño frente al ataque de sulfatos. Los resultados mostraron que los concretos adicionados con FCC y MK tuvieron un comportamiento mecánico similar a la muestra control; sin embargo, frente a la expansión fueron superiores. Adicionalmente, el desempeño de los dos tipos de concretos (FCC y MK) bajo la acción de la solución de sulfatos fue comparable; esto puede deberse a que el FCC y el MK presentan similitudes en cuanto a su composición química y mineralógica. Se destaca que después de 360 días de exposición las muestras con MK y FCC no presentaron deterioro importante.5 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaColombiahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ingeinv/article/view/37661Performance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin (MK)Desempeño frente a sulfatos de concretos adicionados con residuo de catalizador de craqueo catalítico (FCC) y metacaolín (MK)Artículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a852211833N/AIngeniería e InvestigaciónACI Committee, R., Guide to Durable Concrete, Report ACI 201R, United States, American Concrete Institute, 2001.Al-Amoudi O., Attack on plain and blended cements exposed to aggressive sulfate environment, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol., 24, Aug., 2002, pp. 305–316.Al-Dulaijan, S.U., Maslehuddin, M., Al-Zahrani, M.M., Sharif, A.M., Shameem, M. Ibrahim M. Sulfate resistance of plain and blended cements exposed to varying concentrations of sodium sulfate. Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 25, No 4–5, May– July 2003, pp. 429-437.Al-Jabri, K., Baawain, M., Taha, R., Al-Kamyani, Z.S., Al-Shamsi, K., Ishtieh, A., Potential use of FCC spent catalyst as partial replacement of cement or sand in cement mortars. Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 39, Feb., 2013, pp. 77-81.Antiohos, S.K., Chouliara E., Tsimas S., Re-use of Spent Catalyst from Oil-Cracking Refineries as Supplementary Cementing Material, China Particuology, Vol. 4, No. 2, Apr., 2006, pp. 73-76Borrachero, M., Monzó, J., Payá, J., Mora, Vunda, Velásquez, S., Soriano, L., El Catalizador Gastado de Craqueo Catalítico Adicionado al Cemento Pórtland: Las Primeras 48 Horas de Curado y la Evolución de la Resistencia Mecánica, VIII Congreso Nacional de Propiedades Mecánicas de Sólidos, Gandia 2002.Borrachero, M., Monzó, J., Payá, J., Mora, Vunda, Velásquez, S., Soriano, L., El Catalizador Gastado de Craqueo Catalítico Adicionado al Cemento Pórtland: Las Primeras 48 Horas de Curado y la Evolución de la Resistencia Mecánica, VIII Congreso Nacional de Propiedades Mecánicas de Sólidos, Gandia 2002.Bukowska, M., Pacewska, B., Wilinska, I., Corrosion Resistance of Cement Mortars Containing Spent Catalyst of Fluidized Be Cracking (FBCC) as an Additive, Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 74, No. 3, 2003, pp. 931-942.Bukowska, M., Pacewska, B., Wilinska, I., Influence of spent catalyst used for catalytic cracking in a fluidized bed on sulphate corrosion of cement mortars: I. Na2SO4 medium, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 34, No. 5, 2004, pp. 759- 767.Castellano, N., Torres, J. Uso del catalizador gastado de craqueo catalítico (FCC) como adición puzolánica – Revisión, Ingeniería e Investigación, Vol. 30, No 2, Aug., 2010, pp. 35-42.Cohen, M. D., Bentur, A., Durability of Portland cement-silica fume pastes in magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate solutions, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 85, No. 3, 1998, pp. 148-157.Fernández, M., Hormigón, Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Sexta edición, 2002.García-Lodeiro, I., Palomo, A., Fernández-Jiménez, A., Alkaliaggregate reaction in activated fly ash systems, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 37, Feb., 2007, pp.175-183.Gartner, E., Industrially Interesting Approaches to Low CO2 Cements, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 34, Sept., 2004, pp.1489-1498.Hwang C. L., Sheen, D.H., The effect of blast-furnace slag and fly ash on the hydration of Portland cement, Cement and concrete research, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1991, pp.410-425.Hwang C. L., Sheen, D.H., The effect of blast-furnace slag and fly ash on the hydration of Portland cement, Cement and concrete research, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1991, pp.410-425.Lothenbach, B., Scrivener, K, Hooton, R.D., Supplementary cementitious materials, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 41, Dec. 2011, pp. 1244-1256.Malhotra V, M., Mehta P.K., Pozzolanic and Cementitious Material, Ottawa: Gordon and Breach Publishers, 1996.Morozov, Y., Castela, A.S., Dias, A.P.S., Montemor M.F., Chlorideinduced corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel in spent fluid cracking catalyst modified mortars. 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Vol. 28, No. 1, Apr., 2008, pp. 117-122.Torres, J., Mejía de Gutiérrez, R., Delvasto, Silvio, Efecto del porcentaje de adición de Metacaolín en las propiedades finales del concreto adicionado, Revista Ingeniería y Universidad, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2011, pp. 77-90.Trochez, J., Torres, J., Mejía de Gutiérrez, R., Study of hydration of cement pastes added with used catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC) from a Colombian refinery, Revista de la Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, No. 55, Sept., 2010, pp. 26- 34.Fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residueMetakaolinPozzolanic additionsConcreteCompressive strengthDurabilityResiduo de catalizador de craqueo catalíticoMetacaolínAdiciones puzolánicasConcretoResistencia a compresiónDurabilidadTHUMBNAILPerformance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin(MK).pdf.jpgPerformance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin(MK).pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16234https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2413/4/Performance%20under%20sulfate%20attack%20of%20concrete%20additioned%20with%20fluid%20catalytic%20cracking%20catalyst%20residue%20%28FCC%29%20and%20metakaolin%28MK%29.pdf.jpgbd8ca3c81df3de7fe2904a1194b9a9d0MD54open accessTEXTPerformance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin(MK).pdf.txtPerformance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin(MK).pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain26602https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2413/3/Performance%20under%20sulfate%20attack%20of%20concrete%20additioned%20with%20fluid%20catalytic%20cracking%20catalyst%20residue%20%28FCC%29%20and%20metakaolin%28MK%29.pdf.txtcab17b8cae52ff7d82560d60de81c30aMD53open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81881https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2413/2/license.txt5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06eMD52open accessORIGINALPerformance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin(MK).pdfPerformance under sulfate attack of concrete additioned with fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and metakaolin(MK).pdfArtículo de revistaapplication/pdf552708https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2413/1/Performance%20under%20sulfate%20attack%20of%20concrete%20additioned%20with%20fluid%20catalytic%20cracking%20catalyst%20residue%20%28FCC%29%20and%20metakaolin%28MK%29.pdf303d1aeb111cf6dc88cc5fe11bb1f119MD51open access001/2413oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/24132023-06-15 03:01:04.776open accessRepositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitorepositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.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