Effects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodiesel

In this paper we study the behavior of microbiologically induced corrosion by means of specie Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on AISI 4140 Alloy Steel with chromium and molybdenum high hardenability and good fatigue resistance, abrasion and impact influenced by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. To determine the...

Full description

Autores:
MEJIA MORALES, AURA SOFIA
APERADOR CHAPARRO, WILLIAM ARNULFO
Ruiz, E.
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2014
Institución:
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional ECI
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/3300
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/3300
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Metals - Hardenability
Metales - Templabilidad
Fossil fuels
Combustibles fósiles
Microorganisms
Microorganismos
: Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
steel
corrosion
biodiesel
Acero
Rights
closedAccess
License
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
id ESCUELAIG2_c0cc8780bee7fb4c782ceb91e5bdb4bd
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/3300
network_acronym_str ESCUELAIG2
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional ECI
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Effects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodiesel
title Effects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodiesel
spellingShingle Effects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodiesel
Metals - Hardenability
Metales - Templabilidad
Fossil fuels
Combustibles fósiles
Microorganisms
Microorganismos
: Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
steel
corrosion
biodiesel
Acero
title_short Effects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodiesel
title_full Effects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodiesel
title_fullStr Effects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodiesel
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodiesel
title_sort Effects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodiesel
dc.creator.fl_str_mv MEJIA MORALES, AURA SOFIA
APERADOR CHAPARRO, WILLIAM ARNULFO
Ruiz, E.
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv MEJIA MORALES, AURA SOFIA
APERADOR CHAPARRO, WILLIAM ARNULFO
Ruiz, E.
dc.contributor.corporatename.spa.fl_str_mv International Journal of Electrochemical Science
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Diseño Sostenible en Ingeniería Mecánica (DSIM)
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv Metals - Hardenability
Metales - Templabilidad
Fossil fuels
Combustibles fósiles
Microorganisms
Microorganismos
topic Metals - Hardenability
Metales - Templabilidad
Fossil fuels
Combustibles fósiles
Microorganisms
Microorganismos
: Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
steel
corrosion
biodiesel
Acero
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv : Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
steel
corrosion
biodiesel
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Acero
description In this paper we study the behavior of microbiologically induced corrosion by means of specie Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on AISI 4140 Alloy Steel with chromium and molybdenum high hardenability and good fatigue resistance, abrasion and impact influenced by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. To determine the effect of process variables, speed and type of corrosion adhesion. The corrosion products formed on the surface of the samples using scanning electron microscopy were analyzed. The results showed the appearance of pinholes in the surface steel AISI 4140- after 24, 72, 120 and 168 hours of exposure in solution with the presence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, which was induced by the metabolism of bacteria, showing the presence of bacteria to accelerated the process of localized corrosion in the steel sample AISI 4140.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2014-08
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-10-08T20:43:21Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-10-08T20:43:21Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1452-3981
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/3300
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 1452-3981
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Digital
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 1452-3981
Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería
Repositorio Digital
url https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/3300
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv 9 (2014)
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 5947
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 5937
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 9
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv International Journal of Electrochemical Science
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv C. Wu, J. Y. Lim, G. G. Fuller, L. Cegelski, Biophys J, 103 (2012) 464
S. Kalathil, M. M. Khan, J. Lee, M. H. Cho, Biotechnol Adv, 31 (2013) 915
B. Halan, K. Buehler, A. Schmid, Trends Biotechnol, 30 (2012) 453
Y. Yang, M. Xu, J. Guo, G. Sun, Process Biochem, 47 (2012) 1707
G. Martínez, N. Sánchez, J.M. Encinar, J.F. González, Biomass Bioener, 63, (2014) 22
G. Knothe, K. R. Steidley, Fuel, 84 (2005)1059
Y. Alhassan, N. Kumar, I.M. Bugaje, H.S. Pali, P. Kathkar, Energ Convers Manage, 84 (2014) 640
I.M. Rizwanul Fattah, H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam, M.A. Hazrat, B.M. Masum, S. Imtenan, A.M. Ashraful, Renew Sust Energ Rev, 30 (2014) 356
P. Lisboa, A. R. Rodrigues, J. L. Martín, P. Simões, S. Barreiros, A. Paiva, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 85 (2014) 31
A. R. Rodrigues, A. Paiva, M. G. da Silva, P. Simões, S. Barreiros, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 56 (2011) 259
D.M.H. Ossa, R.R. Oliveira, M.T. Murakami, R. Vicentini, A.J. Costa-Filho, F. Alexandrino, L.M.M. Ottoboni, O. Garcia Jr, Process Biochem, 46, (2011) 1335
B. Nazari, E. Jorjani, H. Hani, Z. Manafi, A. Riahi, T Nonferr Metal Soc, 24 (2014) 1152
J.W. Sowards, C.H.D. Williamson, T.S. Weeks, J.D. McColskey, J.R. Spear, Corros. Sci, 79 (2014) 128
ASTM G1 – 03, Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens, West Conshohocken, PA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 2011.
ASTM G3 – 89, Standard Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing, West Conshohocken, PA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1999.
. E.S. Shastik, D.V. Vokhmyanina, N.A. Zorin, O.G. Voronin, A.A. Karyakin, A.A. Tsygankov, Enzyme Microb. Technol, 49 (2011) 453
J.Ross Macdonald, J. Schoonman, A.P. Lehnen, J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem, 131 (1982) 77
E Sosa, R Cabrera-Sierra, Marina E Rincón, M.T Oropeza, I González, Electrochim. Acta, 47 (2002) 1197
C. Pillay, J. Lin, Corros. Sci, 80 (2014) 416
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
eu_rights_str_mv closedAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 11 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv ELSEVIER
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Serbia
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/S1452-3981(23)10860-1
institution Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3300/4/Effects%20of%20Thiobacillus%20Ferrooxidans%20on%20corrosion%20of%20AISI%204140%20Steel%20in%20presence%20of%20oil%20biodisel.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3300/3/Effects%20of%20Thiobacillus%20Ferrooxidans%20on%20corrosion%20of%20AISI%204140.PNG
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3300/5/Effects%20of%20Thiobacillus%20Ferrooxidans%20on%20corrosion%20of%20AISI%204140%20Steel%20in%20presence%20of%20oil%20biodisel.pdf.jpg
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3300/2/license.txt
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3300/1/Effects%20of%20Thiobacillus%20Ferrooxidans%20on%20corrosion%20of%20AISI%204140%20Steel%20in%20presence%20of%20oil%20biodisel.pdf
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv c029ec84d65bd4da632661e8288c9dad
870ef0745c648318782ee3f836ef1dff
95be9a7c35492782f7f2535cf208e516
5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06e
75294b478b0ebb37e3e9f6f83452f391
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.co
_version_ 1814355631876866048
spelling MEJIA MORALES, AURA SOFIA6f4db22d44a199e778371c4b3319df5fAPERADOR CHAPARRO, WILLIAM ARNULFOfe9bba8505116de2a77e0c3abcd196eaRuiz, E.e01263c04dbbef4d65bba1a54598d10bInternational Journal of Electrochemical ScienceDiseño Sostenible en Ingeniería Mecánica (DSIM)2024-10-08T20:43:21Z2024-10-08T20:43:21Z2014-081452-3981https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/33001452-3981Universidad Escuela Colombiana de IngenieríaRepositorio Digitalhttps://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/In this paper we study the behavior of microbiologically induced corrosion by means of specie Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on AISI 4140 Alloy Steel with chromium and molybdenum high hardenability and good fatigue resistance, abrasion and impact influenced by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. To determine the effect of process variables, speed and type of corrosion adhesion. The corrosion products formed on the surface of the samples using scanning electron microscopy were analyzed. The results showed the appearance of pinholes in the surface steel AISI 4140- after 24, 72, 120 and 168 hours of exposure in solution with the presence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, which was induced by the metabolism of bacteria, showing the presence of bacteria to accelerated the process of localized corrosion in the steel sample AISI 4140.En este trabajo estudiamos el comportamiento de la corrosión inducida microbiológicamente mediante especies. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans sobre acero aleado AISI 4140 con alto contenido de cromo y molibdeno. Templabilidad y buena resistencia a la fatiga, abrasión e impacto influenciadas por Thiobacillus. ferrooxidanos. Determinar el efecto de las variables del proceso, velocidad y tipo de adhesión por corrosión. El Los productos de corrosión formados en la superficie de las muestras mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido fueron analizado. Los resultados mostraron la aparición de poros en la superficie del acero AISI 4140- después de 24, 72, 120 y 168 horas de exposición en solución con presencia de Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, el cual fue inducido por el metabolismo de las bacterias, mostrando la presencia de bacterias que aceleran el proceso de Corrosión localizada en la muestra de acero AISI 4140.11 páginasapplication/pdfengELSEVIERSerbiahttps://doi.org/10.1016/S1452-3981(23)10860-1Effects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodieselArtículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a859 (2014)594759379International Journal of Electrochemical ScienceC. Wu, J. Y. Lim, G. G. Fuller, L. Cegelski, Biophys J, 103 (2012) 464S. Kalathil, M. M. Khan, J. Lee, M. H. Cho, Biotechnol Adv, 31 (2013) 915B. Halan, K. Buehler, A. Schmid, Trends Biotechnol, 30 (2012) 453Y. Yang, M. Xu, J. Guo, G. Sun, Process Biochem, 47 (2012) 1707G. Martínez, N. Sánchez, J.M. Encinar, J.F. González, Biomass Bioener, 63, (2014) 22G. Knothe, K. R. Steidley, Fuel, 84 (2005)1059Y. Alhassan, N. Kumar, I.M. Bugaje, H.S. Pali, P. Kathkar, Energ Convers Manage, 84 (2014) 640I.M. Rizwanul Fattah, H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam, M.A. Hazrat, B.M. Masum, S. Imtenan, A.M. Ashraful, Renew Sust Energ Rev, 30 (2014) 356P. Lisboa, A. R. Rodrigues, J. L. Martín, P. Simões, S. Barreiros, A. Paiva, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 85 (2014) 31A. R. Rodrigues, A. Paiva, M. G. da Silva, P. Simões, S. Barreiros, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 56 (2011) 259D.M.H. Ossa, R.R. Oliveira, M.T. Murakami, R. Vicentini, A.J. Costa-Filho, F. Alexandrino, L.M.M. Ottoboni, O. Garcia Jr, Process Biochem, 46, (2011) 1335B. Nazari, E. Jorjani, H. Hani, Z. Manafi, A. Riahi, T Nonferr Metal Soc, 24 (2014) 1152J.W. Sowards, C.H.D. Williamson, T.S. Weeks, J.D. McColskey, J.R. Spear, Corros. Sci, 79 (2014) 128ASTM G1 – 03, Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens, West Conshohocken, PA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 2011.ASTM G3 – 89, Standard Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing, West Conshohocken, PA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1999.. E.S. Shastik, D.V. Vokhmyanina, N.A. Zorin, O.G. Voronin, A.A. Karyakin, A.A. Tsygankov, Enzyme Microb. Technol, 49 (2011) 453J.Ross Macdonald, J. Schoonman, A.P. Lehnen, J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem, 131 (1982) 77E Sosa, R Cabrera-Sierra, Marina E Rincón, M.T Oropeza, I González, Electrochim. Acta, 47 (2002) 1197C. Pillay, J. Lin, Corros. Sci, 80 (2014) 416info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbMetals - HardenabilityMetales - TemplabilidadFossil fuelsCombustibles fósilesMicroorganismsMicroorganismos: Thiobacillus ferrooxidanssteelcorrosionbiodieselAceroTEXTEffects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodisel.pdf.txtEffects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodisel.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain21044https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3300/4/Effects%20of%20Thiobacillus%20Ferrooxidans%20on%20corrosion%20of%20AISI%204140%20Steel%20in%20presence%20of%20oil%20biodisel.pdf.txtc029ec84d65bd4da632661e8288c9dadMD54metadata only accessTHUMBNAILEffects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140.PNGEffects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140.PNGimage/png164343https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3300/3/Effects%20of%20Thiobacillus%20Ferrooxidans%20on%20corrosion%20of%20AISI%204140.PNG870ef0745c648318782ee3f836ef1dffMD53open accessEffects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodisel.pdf.jpgEffects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodisel.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg14290https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3300/5/Effects%20of%20Thiobacillus%20Ferrooxidans%20on%20corrosion%20of%20AISI%204140%20Steel%20in%20presence%20of%20oil%20biodisel.pdf.jpg95be9a7c35492782f7f2535cf208e516MD55metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81881https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3300/2/license.txt5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06eMD52open accessORIGINALEffects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodisel.pdfEffects of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans on corrosion of AISI 4140 Steel in presence of oil biodisel.pdfapplication/pdf627391https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3300/1/Effects%20of%20Thiobacillus%20Ferrooxidans%20on%20corrosion%20of%20AISI%204140%20Steel%20in%20presence%20of%20oil%20biodisel.pdf75294b478b0ebb37e3e9f6f83452f391MD51metadata only access001/3300oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/33002024-10-09 08:25:28.204metadata only accessRepositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitorepositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.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