Expectation vs. Reality: Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation

Currently, Social Assistive Robotics (SAR) is widely explored in different areas and scenarios. In cardiac rehabilitation, SAR has been recently implemented as a tool to improve the quality of the procedures and support patients to increase their performance. Ace cardiac rehabilitation Comprises num...

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Autores:
Casas, Jonathan A.
Céspedes, Nathalia
Cifuentes, Carlos A.
Gutierrez, Luisa F.
Rincón Roncancio, Mónica
Múnera, Marcela
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2019
Institución:
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional ECI
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/3335
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/3335
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Robótica médica
Robotics in medicine
Rehabilitación médica
Medical rehabilitation
Tecnología médica
Medical technology
Interacción humano-robot
Percepción
Robótica de asistencia social
Compañero robótico
UTAUTO modelo de aceptación
Aceptación de tecnología
Rehabilitación cardiaca
Human–robot interaction
Perception
Social assistive robotics
Robotic companion
UTAUT acceptance model
Technology acceptance
Cardiac rehabilitation
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Expectation vs. Reality: Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
title Expectation vs. Reality: Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
spellingShingle Expectation vs. Reality: Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Robótica médica
Robotics in medicine
Rehabilitación médica
Medical rehabilitation
Tecnología médica
Medical technology
Interacción humano-robot
Percepción
Robótica de asistencia social
Compañero robótico
UTAUTO modelo de aceptación
Aceptación de tecnología
Rehabilitación cardiaca
Human–robot interaction
Perception
Social assistive robotics
Robotic companion
UTAUT acceptance model
Technology acceptance
Cardiac rehabilitation
title_short Expectation vs. Reality: Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
title_full Expectation vs. Reality: Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
title_fullStr Expectation vs. Reality: Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
title_full_unstemmed Expectation vs. Reality: Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
title_sort Expectation vs. Reality: Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Casas, Jonathan A.
Céspedes, Nathalia
Cifuentes, Carlos A.
Gutierrez, Luisa F.
Rincón Roncancio, Mónica
Múnera, Marcela
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Casas, Jonathan A.
Céspedes, Nathalia
Cifuentes, Carlos A.
Gutierrez, Luisa F.
Rincón Roncancio, Mónica
Múnera, Marcela
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv GiBiome
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv Robótica médica
Robotics in medicine
Rehabilitación médica
Medical rehabilitation
Tecnología médica
Medical technology
topic Robótica médica
Robotics in medicine
Rehabilitación médica
Medical rehabilitation
Tecnología médica
Medical technology
Interacción humano-robot
Percepción
Robótica de asistencia social
Compañero robótico
UTAUTO modelo de aceptación
Aceptación de tecnología
Rehabilitación cardiaca
Human–robot interaction
Perception
Social assistive robotics
Robotic companion
UTAUT acceptance model
Technology acceptance
Cardiac rehabilitation
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Interacción humano-robot
Percepción
Robótica de asistencia social
Compañero robótico
UTAUTO modelo de aceptación
Aceptación de tecnología
Rehabilitación cardiaca
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Human–robot interaction
Perception
Social assistive robotics
Robotic companion
UTAUT acceptance model
Technology acceptance
Cardiac rehabilitation
description Currently, Social Assistive Robotics (SAR) is widely explored in different areas and scenarios. In cardiac rehabilitation, SAR has been recently implemented as a tool to improve the quality of the procedures and support patients to increase their performance. Ace cardiac rehabilitation Comprises numerous sessions, such systems must guarantee to be effective in the long term. Therefore, to achieve this goal, it is important to understand how users, specifically patients and clinicians who Mostly know the needs and the therapy environment, perceive this technology. In this context, This paper presents the assessment of the attitudes towards a social robot in order to evaluate the expectation of potential new users, and perception of users who interacted with the social robot during a period of 18 weeks performing cardiac rehabilitation. A total of 43 participants (28 patients and 15 clinicians) were included in the study, and acceptance and perception factors were evaluated through a modified UTAUT questionnaire model and open discussion sessions. Results show that 75% of patients have positive thoughts regarding the usefulness, utility, safety, and trust perceived of a social robot, and 80% of clinicians consider that the robot is a useful tool for cardiac rehabilitation. Similarly, a more positive perception was noticed after the users interacted with the robot. Furthermore, this perception study allows the enhancement of the social model of interaction in the future, aiming to provide a more natural interaction through personalized features, increasing social abilities and engagement of the users during the therapy.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2019-11
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-10-18T20:56:14Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-10-18T20:56:14Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
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dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 2076-3417
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio digital
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 2076-3417
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
Repositorio digital
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https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Vol. 9 No. 21, 2019
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 19
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 21
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 9
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv Applied Sciences
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Lara, J.S.; Casas, J.; Aguirre, A.; Munera, M.; Rincon-Roncancio, M.; Irfan, B.; Senft, E.; Belpaeme, T.; Cifuentes, C.A. Human-robot sensor interface for cardiac rehabilitation. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR), London, UK, 17–20 July 2017; pp. 1013–1018
Graham, I.M.; Fallon, N.; Ingram, S.; Leong, T.; Gormley, J.; O’Doherty, V.; Maher, V.; Benson, S.E. Rehabilitation of the Patient with Coronary Heart Disease. In Hurst’s The Heart, 13th ed.; Mc-Graw-Hill: New York, NY, USA, 2011; pp. 1–33.
Kraus, W.; Keteyian, S. Cardiac Rehabilitation; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, USA, 2007
Scherr, J.; Wolfarth, B.; Christle, J.W.; Pressler, A.; Wagenpfeil, S.; Halle, M. Associations between Borg’s rating of perceived exertion and physiological measures of exercise intensity. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2013, 113, 147–155. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Siegert, R.J.; Taylor, W.J. Theoretical aspects of goal-setting and motivation in rehabilitation. Disabil. Rehabil. 2004, 26, 1–8. [CrossRef]
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Hennemann, S.; Beutel, M.E.; Zwerenz, R. Drivers and Barriers to Acceptance of Web-Based Aftercare of Patients in Inpatient Routine Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J. Med. Internet Res. 2016, 18, e337. [CrossRef]
Liu, L.; Cruz, A.M.; Rincon, A.R.; Buttar, V.; Ranson, Q.; Goertzen, D. What factors determine therapists’ acceptance of new technologies for rehabilitation—A study using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Disabil. Rehabil. 2015, 37, 447–455. [CrossRef]
Hatami Kaleshtari, M.; Ciobanu, I.; Lucian Seiciu, P.; Georgiana Marin, A.; Berteanu, M. Towards a Model of Rehabilitation Technology Acceptance and Usability. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Humanit. 2016, 6, 612–616. [CrossRef]
Griffiths, S.; Alpay, T.; Sutherland, A.; Kerzel, M.; Eppe, M.; Strahl, E.; Wermter, S. Exercise with Social Robots: Companion or Coach? In Proceedings of the Workshop on Personal Robots for Exercising and Coaching at the HRI 2018, Chicago, IL, USA, 5–8 March 2018
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Weiss, A.; Bernhaupt, R.; Lankes, M.; Tscheligi, M. The USUS Evaluation Framework for Human–Robot Interaction. In Proceedings of the Symposium on New Frontiers in Human-Robot Interaction AISB2009, Edinburg, Scotland, 6–9 April 2009; pp. 158–165.
Heerink, M.; Kröse, B.; Wielinga, B.; Evers, V. Measuring the Influence of Social Abilities on Acceptance of an Interface Robot and a Screen Agent by Elderly Users. In Proceedings of the 23rd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Celebrating People and Technology, Cambridge, UK, 1–5 September 2009; British Computer Society: Swinton, UK, 2009; pp. 430–439.
Heerink, M.; Krose, B.; Evers, V.; Wielinga, B. Measuring acceptance of an assistive social robot: A suggested toolkit. In Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, Toyama, Japan, 27 September–2 October 2009; pp. 528–533. [CrossRef]
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Louie, W.Y.G.; McColl, D.; Nejat, G. Acceptance and attitudes toward a human-like socially assistive robot by older adults. Assist. Technol. 2014, 26, 140–150. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Winkle, K.; Caleb-Solly, P.; Turton, A.; Bremner, P. Social Robots for Engagement in Rehabilitative Therapies. 2018; In Proceedings of the ACM HR1 2018: Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, Chicago, IL, USA, 5–8 March 2018; pp. 289–297. [CrossRef]
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Kim, A.; Han, J.; Jung, Y.; Lee, K. The effects of familiarity and robot gesture on user acceptance of information. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction, Tokyo, Japan, 3–6 March 2013; pp. 159–160. [CrossRef]
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Powers, A.; Kiesler, S.; Fussell, S.; Torrey, C. Comparing a computer agent with a humanoid robot. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction, Arlington, VA, USA, 10–12 March 2007; ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 2007; p. 145. [CrossRef]
Baddoura, R.; Venture, G. Social vs. Useful HRI: Experiencing the Familiar, Perceiving the Robot as a Sociable Partner and Responding to Its Actions. Int. J. Soc. Robot. 2013, 5, 529–547. [CrossRef]
Turkle, S. Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other, 1th ed.; Basic books: New York, NY, USA, 2011.
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spelling Casas, Jonathan A.a803fe1b21e6494bfa977522b18bfdadCéspedes, Nathalia60511aded7d8a09c17c810c00f67c2d8Cifuentes, Carlos A.0b885a45437175ae12e5d0a6f598afc4Gutierrez, Luisa F.41c78b30c046ef2f2c754255dbe88f7fRincón Roncancio, Mónica0c0bbc94eb026b9dd7d325de466d7d8aMúnera, Marcela8047a30ff2499f8ae5a4e903871b8f95GiBiome2024-10-18T20:56:14Z2024-10-18T20:56:14Z2019-112076-3417https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/33352076-3417Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio GaravitoRepositorio digitalhttps://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/Currently, Social Assistive Robotics (SAR) is widely explored in different areas and scenarios. In cardiac rehabilitation, SAR has been recently implemented as a tool to improve the quality of the procedures and support patients to increase their performance. Ace cardiac rehabilitation Comprises numerous sessions, such systems must guarantee to be effective in the long term. Therefore, to achieve this goal, it is important to understand how users, specifically patients and clinicians who Mostly know the needs and the therapy environment, perceive this technology. In this context, This paper presents the assessment of the attitudes towards a social robot in order to evaluate the expectation of potential new users, and perception of users who interacted with the social robot during a period of 18 weeks performing cardiac rehabilitation. A total of 43 participants (28 patients and 15 clinicians) were included in the study, and acceptance and perception factors were evaluated through a modified UTAUT questionnaire model and open discussion sessions. Results show that 75% of patients have positive thoughts regarding the usefulness, utility, safety, and trust perceived of a social robot, and 80% of clinicians consider that the robot is a useful tool for cardiac rehabilitation. Similarly, a more positive perception was noticed after the users interacted with the robot. Furthermore, this perception study allows the enhancement of the social model of interaction in the future, aiming to provide a more natural interaction through personalized features, increasing social abilities and engagement of the users during the therapy.Actualmente, la Robótica de Asistencia Social (SAR) es ampliamente explorada en diferentes áreas y escenarios. En rehabilitación cardíaca, el SAR se ha implementado recientemente como una herramienta para mejorar la calidad de los procedimientos y apoyar a los pacientes para aumentar su desempeño. Rehabilitación cardiaca as Consta de numerosas sesiones, dichos sistemas deben garantizar su eficacia a largo plazo. Por lo tanto, Para lograr este objetivo, es importante comprender cómo los usuarios, específicamente los pacientes y los médicos que Principalmente conoce las necesidades y el entorno de la terapia, percibe esta tecnología. En este contexto, Este artículo presenta la evaluación de las actitudes hacia un robot social con el fin de evaluar la expectativa de nuevos usuarios potenciales y la percepción de los usuarios que interactuaron con las redes sociales. robot durante un periodo de 18 semanas realizando rehabilitación cardíaca. Un total de 43 participantes (28 pacientes y 15 médicos) fueron incluidos en el estudio, y los factores de aceptación y percepción fueron evaluado a través de un modelo de cuestionario UTAUT modificado y sesiones de discusión abierta. Resultados muestran que el 75% de los pacientes tienen pensamientos positivos respecto a la utilidad, utilidad, seguridad y confianza percibido de un robot social, y el 80% de los médicos consideran que el robot es una herramienta útil para las enfermedades cardíacas. rehabilitación. De manera similar, se notó una percepción más positiva después de que los usuarios interactuaron con el robot. Además, este estudio de percepción permite potenciar el modelo social de interacción. en el futuro, con el objetivo de proporcionar una interacción más natural a través de funciones personalizadas, aumentando Habilidades sociales y compromiso de los usuarios durante la terapia.19 páginasapplication/pdfengMDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)Suizahttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsciExpectation vs. Reality: Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac RehabilitationArtículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Vol. 9 No. 21, 2019192119Applied SciencesOkamura, A.M.; Mataric, M.J.; Christensen, H.I. Medical and Health-Care Robotics. IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. 2010, 17, 26–37. [CrossRef]Matari´c, M.J.; Eriksson, J.; Feil-Seifer, D.J.; Winstein, C.J. 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Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other, 1th ed.; Basic books: New York, NY, USA, 2011.info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbRobótica médicaRobotics in medicineRehabilitación médicaMedical rehabilitationTecnología médicaMedical technologyInteracción humano-robotPercepciónRobótica de asistencia socialCompañero robóticoUTAUTO modelo de aceptaciónAceptación de tecnologíaRehabilitación cardiacaHuman–robot interactionPerceptionSocial assistive roboticsRobotic companionUTAUT acceptance modelTechnology acceptanceCardiac rehabilitationTEXTExpectation vs. Reality Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation.pdf.txtExpectation vs. Reality Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain67815https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3335/4/Expectation%20vs.%20Reality%20Attitudes%20Towards%20a%20Socially%20Assistive%20Robot%20in%20Cardiac%20Rehabilitation.pdf.txt1c500b0246c37d0ca0c3275093cdc089MD54metadata only accessTHUMBNAILPortada Expectation vs. Reality Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation.PNGPortada Expectation vs. Reality Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation.PNGimage/png205260https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3335/3/Portada%20Expectation%20vs.%20Reality%20Attitudes%20Towards%20a%20Socially%20Assistive%20Robot%20in%20Cardiac%20Rehabilitation.PNG720912a920c7e8cb69e26bbbb9984425MD53open accessExpectation vs. Reality Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation.pdf.jpgExpectation vs. Reality Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15168https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3335/5/Expectation%20vs.%20Reality%20Attitudes%20Towards%20a%20Socially%20Assistive%20Robot%20in%20Cardiac%20Rehabilitation.pdf.jpg54009aa50414c6935b6b1cb13cc5e5d8MD55metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81881https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3335/2/license.txt5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06eMD52open accessORIGINALExpectation vs. Reality Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation.pdfExpectation vs. Reality Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation.pdfapplication/pdf2027932https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3335/1/Expectation%20vs.%20Reality%20Attitudes%20Towards%20a%20Socially%20Assistive%20Robot%20in%20Cardiac%20Rehabilitation.pdf40005fbda0e6f0c26394e2c9bb02deefMD51metadata only access001/3335oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/33352024-10-19 03:00:59.718metadata only accessRepositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitorepositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.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