Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery Cells
This paper is dedicated to present a functional Ion-lithium battery cell balancing prototype that enhances the self-balancing batteries behavior introducing an innovative and efficient approach. Since parallel cell configurations are commonly used in commercial battery packs, the research primary go...
- Autores:
-
Castro Gomez, Nicolas.
Ospina Sánchez, Juan Camilo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional ECI
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/2838
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2838
https://catalogo.escuelaing.edu.co/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=23662
- Palabra clave:
- Baterías de iones de litio
Baterías eléctricas
Ingeniería Eléctrica
Baterías de iones de litio
Baterías eléctricas
Ingeniería Eléctrica
Lithium ion batteries
Electric batteries
Electric engineering
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Derechos reservados - Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitp
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|
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery Cells |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Gestión Avanzada del Estado de Carga en Celdas en paralelo de Baterías de Iones de Litio |
title |
Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery Cells |
spellingShingle |
Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery Cells Baterías de iones de litio Baterías eléctricas Ingeniería Eléctrica Baterías de iones de litio Baterías eléctricas Ingeniería Eléctrica Lithium ion batteries Electric batteries Electric engineering |
title_short |
Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery Cells |
title_full |
Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery Cells |
title_fullStr |
Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery Cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery Cells |
title_sort |
Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery Cells |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Castro Gomez, Nicolas. Ospina Sánchez, Juan Camilo |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Arévalo López, Johnny Alexander |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Castro Gomez, Nicolas. Ospina Sánchez, Juan Camilo |
dc.contributor.corporatename.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito |
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Baterías de iones de litio Baterías eléctricas Ingeniería Eléctrica |
topic |
Baterías de iones de litio Baterías eléctricas Ingeniería Eléctrica Baterías de iones de litio Baterías eléctricas Ingeniería Eléctrica Lithium ion batteries Electric batteries Electric engineering |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Baterías de iones de litio Baterías eléctricas Ingeniería Eléctrica |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Lithium ion batteries Electric batteries Electric engineering |
description |
This paper is dedicated to present a functional Ion-lithium battery cell balancing prototype that enhances the self-balancing batteries behavior introducing an innovative and efficient approach. Since parallel cell configurations are commonly used in commercial battery packs, the research primary goal is to develop an introductory model that can be easily adapted for more complex battery setups in future applications. Additionally, it will be used as a test circuit for analyzing battery charge and discharge behaviors. |
publishDate |
2024 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-02-06T20:36:49Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-02-06T20:36:49Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024 |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2838 |
dc.identifier.url.none.fl_str_mv |
https://catalogo.escuelaing.edu.co/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=23662 |
url |
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2838 https://catalogo.escuelaing.edu.co/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=23662 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv |
N/A |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
[1] Hemavathi S, OVERVIEW OF CELL BALANCING METHODS FOR LI-ION BATTERY TECHNOLOGY, Energy Storage, vol. 3, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225263073 [2] Y. Zhang and S. Lu, RESEARCH ON SERIES-PARALLEL CONNECTION SWITCHING CHARGING METHOD FOR LITHIUM BATTERY OF AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES, 2018 IEEE 8th International Conference on Underwater System Technology: Theory and Applications (USYS), Wuhan, China, 2018, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/USYS.2018.8779098. [3] Saurabh Jagtap authored an article titled REVIEW FOR ALGORITHM MODEL OF SWITCHED SHUNT RESISTOR PASSIVE BALANCING TECHNIQUE FOR BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, published in the International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology (IJIRT), Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2020, pages 785, ISSN 2349-6002. [4] Y. Ye, K. W. E. Cheng, Y. C. Fong, X. Xue, and J. Lin, TOPOLOGY, MODELING, AND DESIGN OF SWITCHED-CAPACITOR-BASED CELL BALANCING SYSTEMS AND THEIR BALANCING EXPLORATION, in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 6, June 2017. [5] M. O. Qays, Y. Buswig, M. L. Hossain, M. M. Rahman, and A. Abu-Siada, ACTIVE CELL BALANCING CONTROL STRATEGY FOR PARALLELLY CONNECTED LIFEPO4 BATTERIES, in CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. XXX-XXX, January 2021. [6] Bharti Joshi, Jai Kumar Maherchandani and Abrar Ahmed Chhipa, COMPARISON BETWEEN OPEN AND CLOSED LOOP BATTERY CHARGING TECHNIQUE FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERY, in International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES), vol. 7, February 2021. [7] Yufeng Zhang, Shaoliang Lu, RESEARCH ON SERIES-PARALLEL CONNECTION SWITCHING CHARGING METHOD FOR LITHIUM BATTERY OF AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES, in IEEE International Conference on Underwater System Technology: Theory and Applications (USYS), vol. 8, December 2018. [8] Yuqing Chen, Yuqiong Kang, Yun Zhao, Li Wang, Jilei Liu, Yanxi Li, Zheng Liang, Xiangming He, Xing Li, Naser Tavajohi, Baohua Li. A REVIEW OF LITHIUMION BATTERY SAFETY CONCERNS: THE ISSUES, STRATEGIES, AND TESTING STANDARDS, Journal of Energy Chemistry (ELSEVIER), vol. 59, August 2021. Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery Cells 43 [9] Z. B. Omariba, L. Zhang and D. Sun, "Review of Battery Cell Balancing Methodologies for Optimizing Battery Pack Performance in Electric Vehicles," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 129335-129352, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2940090. |
dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv |
Derechos reservados - Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitp |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Derechos reservados - Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitp http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
46 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogotá, Colombia |
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería Electrónica |
institution |
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito |
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Arévalo López, Johnny Alexander2f9e08672479bd17f7c713398fca7ab8Castro Gomez, Nicolas.c30e5f4ede0e03cf8afd5651c1648f31Ospina Sánchez, Juan Camiloa94e7cdbc5988ac3e9d9ea35c8f24c75Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito2024-02-06T20:36:49Z2024-02-06T20:36:49Z2024https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2838https://catalogo.escuelaing.edu.co/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=23662This paper is dedicated to present a functional Ion-lithium battery cell balancing prototype that enhances the self-balancing batteries behavior introducing an innovative and efficient approach. Since parallel cell configurations are commonly used in commercial battery packs, the research primary goal is to develop an introductory model that can be easily adapted for more complex battery setups in future applications. Additionally, it will be used as a test circuit for analyzing battery charge and discharge behaviors.Este artículo está dedicado a presentar un equilibrio funcional de celdas de baterías de iones de litio. prototipo que mejora el comportamiento de las baterías autoequilibradas introduciendo un enfoque innovador y eficiente. Dado que las configuraciones de celdas paralelas son comúnmente utilizado en paquetes de baterías comerciales, el objetivo principal de la investigación es desarrollar un modelo introductorio que se puede adaptar fácilmente a configuraciones de batería más complejas en futuras aplicaciones. Además, se utilizará como circuito de prueba para analizar la batería.Contents 2. Acronyms..................................................................................................................................6 3. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................7 4. Objectives .................................................................................................................................9 5. State of art.............................................................................................................................. 10 5.1 Switching shunt resistor method...................................................................................... 10 5.2 Capacitor based active balancing method ..................................................................... 10 5.3 Inductor and transformer based active balancing method........................................... 12 5.4 Transformer based active balancing schemes .............................................................. 13 5.5 BUCK-BOOST Strategy (parallel battery cells) ............................................................. 14 5.6 Constant temperature – constant voltage charging method using PID controller.... 15 5.7 Series-Parallel Connection Switching Charging Method ............................................. 16 5.8 Battery fuel gauges ............................................................................................................ 18 6. Methodology.......................................................................................................................... 19 6.1 Initial tests............................................................................................................................ 19 6.2 Circuit design ...................................................................................................................... 21 6.3 Programing workflow ......................................................................................................... 26 6.3.1 Workflow 1....................................................................................................................... 26 6.3.2 Charger workflow ........................................................................................................... 27 6.3.3 No charger workflow ...................................................................................................... 29 6.3.4 Workflow case #1........................................................................................................... 30 6.3.5 Workflow case #2........................................................................................................... 31 6.3.6 Workflow case #3........................................................................................................... 32 6.3.7 Workflow case #4........................................................................................................... 33 6.3.8 Workflow case #5........................................................................................................... 34 6.3.9 Interruption ...................................................................................................................... 34 6.4 Calibration ........................................................................................................................... 35 6.5 Data log................................................................................................................................ 35 6.6 Component overview......................................................................................................... 36 6.7 Devices under test ............................................................................................................. 36 7. Results and analysis........................................................................................................... 37 Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery Cells 5 7.1 Charge cycle cells unbalanced ........................................................................................ 37 7.2 Discharge cycle .................................................................................................................. 38 7.3 Charge cycle cells balanced............................................................................................. 39 8. Conclusions........................................................................................................................... 40 9. References............................................................................................................................. 42 10. Annexes.............................................................................................................................. 44 10.1 Bill of materials (BOM)....................................................................................................... 44 10.2 Developed PCB (Altium software)................................................................................... 45 10.3 Developed PCB (Physical board) .................................................................................... 46PregradoIngeniero(a) Electrónico(a)1th ed.46 páginasapplication/pdfengEscuela Colombiana de IngenieríaBogotá, ColombiaIngeniería ElectrónicaDerechos reservados - Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitpinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery CellsGestión Avanzada del Estado de Carga en Celdas en paralelo de Baterías de Iones de LitioTrabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85N/A[1] Hemavathi S, OVERVIEW OF CELL BALANCING METHODS FOR LI-ION BATTERY TECHNOLOGY, Energy Storage, vol. 3, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225263073 [2] Y. Zhang and S. Lu, RESEARCH ON SERIES-PARALLEL CONNECTION SWITCHING CHARGING METHOD FOR LITHIUM BATTERY OF AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES, 2018 IEEE 8th International Conference on Underwater System Technology: Theory and Applications (USYS), Wuhan, China, 2018, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/USYS.2018.8779098. [3] Saurabh Jagtap authored an article titled REVIEW FOR ALGORITHM MODEL OF SWITCHED SHUNT RESISTOR PASSIVE BALANCING TECHNIQUE FOR BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, published in the International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology (IJIRT), Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2020, pages 785, ISSN 2349-6002. [4] Y. Ye, K. W. E. Cheng, Y. C. Fong, X. Xue, and J. Lin, TOPOLOGY, MODELING, AND DESIGN OF SWITCHED-CAPACITOR-BASED CELL BALANCING SYSTEMS AND THEIR BALANCING EXPLORATION, in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 6, June 2017. [5] M. O. Qays, Y. Buswig, M. L. Hossain, M. M. Rahman, and A. Abu-Siada, ACTIVE CELL BALANCING CONTROL STRATEGY FOR PARALLELLY CONNECTED LIFEPO4 BATTERIES, in CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. XXX-XXX, January 2021. [6] Bharti Joshi, Jai Kumar Maherchandani and Abrar Ahmed Chhipa, COMPARISON BETWEEN OPEN AND CLOSED LOOP BATTERY CHARGING TECHNIQUE FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERY, in International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES), vol. 7, February 2021. [7] Yufeng Zhang, Shaoliang Lu, RESEARCH ON SERIES-PARALLEL CONNECTION SWITCHING CHARGING METHOD FOR LITHIUM BATTERY OF AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES, in IEEE International Conference on Underwater System Technology: Theory and Applications (USYS), vol. 8, December 2018. [8] Yuqing Chen, Yuqiong Kang, Yun Zhao, Li Wang, Jilei Liu, Yanxi Li, Zheng Liang, Xiangming He, Xing Li, Naser Tavajohi, Baohua Li. A REVIEW OF LITHIUMION BATTERY SAFETY CONCERNS: THE ISSUES, STRATEGIES, AND TESTING STANDARDS, Journal of Energy Chemistry (ELSEVIER), vol. 59, August 2021. Advanced State of Charge Management in Lithium-ion Parallel Battery Cells 43 [9] Z. B. Omariba, L. Zhang and D. Sun, "Review of Battery Cell Balancing Methodologies for Optimizing Battery Pack Performance in Electric Vehicles," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 129335-129352, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2940090.Baterías de iones de litioBaterías eléctricasIngeniería EléctricaBaterías de iones de litioBaterías eléctricasIngeniería EléctricaLithium ion batteriesElectric batteriesElectric engineeringTHUMBNAILCastro Gomez, Nicolas-2024.pdf.jpgCastro Gomez, Nicolas-2024.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg7537https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2838/6/Castro%20Gomez%2c%20Nicolas-2024.pdf.jpgf75a9e9d53532b9ebe25d06ede882ec5MD56open accessAutorización.pdf.jpgAutorización.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg13186https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2838/8/Autorizaci%c3%b3n.pdf.jpg09b0fb9c08f422187fd0da3808978228MD58metadata only accessTEXTCastro Gomez, Nicolas-2024.pdf.txtCastro Gomez, Nicolas-2024.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain56504https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2838/5/Castro%20Gomez%2c%20Nicolas-2024.pdf.txtfd69a7510356ce9d915d29594e8a82daMD55open accessAutorización.pdf.txtAutorización.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain3451https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2838/7/Autorizaci%c3%b3n.pdf.txtc79a5a4de4c0ff824444e085c82db6faMD57metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81881https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2838/4/license.txt5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06eMD54open accessORIGINALCastro Gomez, Nicolas-2024.pdfCastro Gomez, Nicolas-2024.pdfapplication/pdf1841230https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2838/1/Castro%20Gomez%2c%20Nicolas-2024.pdf91713b88225bb2e430fd1ac4d0c80336MD51open accessAutorización.pdfAutorización.pdfapplication/pdf1040864https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2838/3/Autorizaci%c3%b3n.pdfb752c986561b588c1788e6eac1ea1508MD53metadata only access001/2838oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/28382024-03-04 16:17:29.728open accessRepositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitorepositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.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 |