Social Assistive Robots: Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation

According to the world health organization, cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes are dedicated to approach this problem and reduce mortality rates due to the presence of a second event. However, the adherence and motivation of patients to as...

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Autores:
Casas, Jonathan
Senft, Emmanuel
Gutiérrez, ·Luisa F.
Rincón Rocancio, Mónica
Múnera, Marcela
Belpaeme, Tony
Cifuentes, Carlos A.
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional ECI
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/3301
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/3301
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Robótica médica
Robotics in medicine
Rehabilitación médica
Medical rehabilitation
Tecnología médica
Medical technology
Robótica de asistencia social
Interacción humano-robot
Rehabilitación cardíaca
Terapia basada en robots
Socially assistive robotics
Human–robot interaction
Cardiac rehab
Robot-based therapy
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Social Assistive Robots: Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
title Social Assistive Robots: Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
spellingShingle Social Assistive Robots: Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Robótica médica
Robotics in medicine
Rehabilitación médica
Medical rehabilitation
Tecnología médica
Medical technology
Robótica de asistencia social
Interacción humano-robot
Rehabilitación cardíaca
Terapia basada en robots
Socially assistive robotics
Human–robot interaction
Cardiac rehab
Robot-based therapy
title_short Social Assistive Robots: Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
title_full Social Assistive Robots: Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
title_fullStr Social Assistive Robots: Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
title_full_unstemmed Social Assistive Robots: Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
title_sort Social Assistive Robots: Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Casas, Jonathan
Senft, Emmanuel
Gutiérrez, ·Luisa F.
Rincón Rocancio, Mónica
Múnera, Marcela
Belpaeme, Tony
Cifuentes, Carlos A.
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Casas, Jonathan
Senft, Emmanuel
Gutiérrez, ·Luisa F.
Rincón Rocancio, Mónica
Múnera, Marcela
Belpaeme, Tony
Cifuentes, Carlos A.
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv GiBiome
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv Robótica médica
Robotics in medicine
Rehabilitación médica
Medical rehabilitation
Tecnología médica
Medical technology
topic Robótica médica
Robotics in medicine
Rehabilitación médica
Medical rehabilitation
Tecnología médica
Medical technology
Robótica de asistencia social
Interacción humano-robot
Rehabilitación cardíaca
Terapia basada en robots
Socially assistive robotics
Human–robot interaction
Cardiac rehab
Robot-based therapy
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Robótica de asistencia social
Interacción humano-robot
Rehabilitación cardíaca
Terapia basada en robots
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Socially assistive robotics
Human–robot interaction
Cardiac rehab
Robot-based therapy
description According to the world health organization, cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes are dedicated to approach this problem and reduce mortality rates due to the presence of a second event. However, the adherence and motivation of patients to assist to these programmes is not the expected. Therefore, this paper presents the incorporation of a SAR system into a cardiac rehabilitation scenario, where a social robot had the role of a training assistant during the therapy, aiming to increase motivation and encourage people to continue with the therapy. This study carried out a longitudinal experimental setup with a total of 209 sessions observed for a group of 6 patients in a period between 3 and 6months. Results show that patients felt more encouraged to perform physical activity and continue with the rehabilitation when they perceived that monitored and supervised by the system, demonstrating that it can be implemented as a reliable tool that would potentially leverage tasks carried out by health professionals.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-10-09T17:21:31Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-10-09T17:21:31Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
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dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 1875-4805
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Digital
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url https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/3301
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 1875-4805
Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
Repositorio Digital
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Vol. 13 (2021)
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1203
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1189
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 13
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv International Journal of Social Robotics
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv World Heart Organization. Cardiovascular Disease. http://www. who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en (2017). Accessed 3 Aug 2018
Bethell HJ, Turner SC, Evans JA, Rose L (2001) Cardiac rehabilitation in the United Kingdom. How complete is the provision? J Cardiopulm Rehabil 21(2):111
Sarrafzadegan N, Rabiei K, Shirani S, Kabir A, Mohammadifard N,RoohafzaH(2007)Drop-outpredictorsincardiacrehabilitation programmes and the impact of sex differences among coronary heart disease patients in an Iranian sample: a cohort study. Clin Rehabil 21(4):362
Worcester MU, Murphy BM, Mee VK, Roberts SB, Goble AJ (2004) Cardiac rehabilitation programmes: predictors of nonattendance and drop-out. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 11(4):328
Piepoli MF, Corrà U, Dendale P, Frederix I, Prescott E, Schmid JP, Cupples M, Deaton C, Doherty P, Giannuzzi P, Graham I, Hansen TB, Jennings C, Landmesser U, Marques-Vidal P, Vrints C, Walker D, Bueno H, Fitzsimons D, Pelliccia A (2017) Challenges in secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction: a call for action. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 16(5):369
Bjarnason-Wehrens B,McGeeH,ZwislerAD,PiepoliMF,Benzer W,Schmid JP, Dendale P, Pogosova NGV, Zdrenghea D, Niebauer J, Mendes M (2010) Cardiac rehabilitation in Europe: results from the European cardiac rehabilitation inventory survey. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 17(4):410. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR. 0b013e328334f42d
European Heart Network (2008) European cardiovascular disease statistics. http://www.ehnheart.org/cvd-statistics/cvd-statistics2017.html. Accessed 22 Nov 2018
Taylor RS, Unal B, Critchley JA, Capewell S (2006) Mortality reductions in patients receiving exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: how much can be attributed to cardiovascular risk factor improvements? Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 13(3):369. https:// doi.org/10.1097/01.hjr.0000199492.00967.11
Michie S, O’Connor D, Bath J, Giles M, Earll L (2005) Cardiac rehabilitation: the psychological changes that predict health outcomeandhealthybehaviour.PsycholHealthMed10(1):88.https:// doi.org/10.1080/13548500512331315398
Taylor C, ME Y, D C et al (2005) Effects of antidepressant medication on morbidity and mortality in depressed patients after myocardial infarction. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62(7):792
Anderson L, Oldridge N, Thompson DR, Zwisler AD, Rees K, Martin N, Taylor RS (2016) Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation forcoronary heart disease: Cochrane systematic review and metaanalysis. J AmCollCardiol67(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc. 2015.10.044
Graham IM, Fallon N, Ingram S, Leong T, Gormley J, O’Doherty V, Maher V, Benson SE (2011) Rehabilitation of the patient with coronary heart disease. Hurst’s Heart 13:1–33
Yu CM, Lau CP, Chau J, McGhee S, Kong SL, Cheung BMY, Li LSW (2004) A short course of cardiac rehabilitation program is highly cost effective in improving long-term quality of life in patients with recent myocardial infarction or percutaneous coronary intervention. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85(12):1915. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.05.010
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spelling Casas, Jonathan00c6c015bec9116424c0e7124dee04d8Senft, Emmanuel978a1a0a6d62a64ac64369133826d461Gutiérrez, ·Luisa F.6861013310ceeeede115ca7fa17504edRincón Rocancio, Mónica2998c61a41d7d2f8579eaa1181646ee4Múnera, Marcela8047a30ff2499f8ae5a4e903871b8f95Belpaeme, Tonya6dc6cd6c436b85b39cf8a7551413d16Cifuentes, Carlos A.0b885a45437175ae12e5d0a6f598afc4GiBiome2024-10-09T17:21:31Z2024-10-09T17:21:31Z2021https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/33011875-4805Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio GaravitoRepositorio Digitalhttps://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/According to the world health organization, cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes are dedicated to approach this problem and reduce mortality rates due to the presence of a second event. However, the adherence and motivation of patients to assist to these programmes is not the expected. Therefore, this paper presents the incorporation of a SAR system into a cardiac rehabilitation scenario, where a social robot had the role of a training assistant during the therapy, aiming to increase motivation and encourage people to continue with the therapy. This study carried out a longitudinal experimental setup with a total of 209 sessions observed for a group of 6 patients in a period between 3 and 6months. Results show that patients felt more encouraged to perform physical activity and continue with the rehabilitation when they perceived that monitored and supervised by the system, demonstrating that it can be implemented as a reliable tool that would potentially leverage tasks carried out by health professionals.Según la organización mundial de la salud, las enfermedades cardiovasculares son una de las principales causas de muerte en todo el mundo. Los programas de rehabilitación cardíaca se dedican a abordar este problema y reducir las tasas de mortalidad por la presencia de un segundo evento. Sin embargo, la adherencia y motivación de los pacientes para asistir a estos programas no es la esperada. Por lo tanto, este artículo presenta la incorporación de un sistema SAR en un escenario de rehabilitación cardíaca, donde un robot social tuvo el papel de asistente de entrenamiento durante la terapia, con el objetivo de aumentar la motivación y animar a las personas a continuar con la terapia. Este estudio llevó a cabo un montaje experimental longitudinal con un total de 209 sesiones observadas para un grupo de 6 pacientes en un período de entre 3 y 6 meses. Los resultados muestran que los pacientes se sintieron más motivados a realizar actividad física y continuar con la rehabilitación cuando percibieron que eran monitoreados y supervisados ​​por el sistema, demostrando que éste puede ser implementado como una herramienta confiable que potencialmente potenciaría las tareas realizadas por los profesionales de la salud.15 páginasapplication/pdfengSpringerS.L.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12369-020-00708-ySocial Assistive Robots: Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant Robot in Cardiac RehabilitationArtículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Vol. 13 (2021)1203118913International Journal of Social RoboticsWorld Heart Organization. Cardiovascular Disease. http://www. who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en (2017). Accessed 3 Aug 2018Bethell HJ, Turner SC, Evans JA, Rose L (2001) Cardiac rehabilitation in the United Kingdom. How complete is the provision? J Cardiopulm Rehabil 21(2):111Sarrafzadegan N, Rabiei K, Shirani S, Kabir A, Mohammadifard N,RoohafzaH(2007)Drop-outpredictorsincardiacrehabilitation programmes and the impact of sex differences among coronary heart disease patients in an Iranian sample: a cohort study. Clin Rehabil 21(4):362Worcester MU, Murphy BM, Mee VK, Roberts SB, Goble AJ (2004) Cardiac rehabilitation programmes: predictors of nonattendance and drop-out. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 11(4):328Piepoli MF, Corrà U, Dendale P, Frederix I, Prescott E, Schmid JP, Cupples M, Deaton C, Doherty P, Giannuzzi P, Graham I, Hansen TB, Jennings C, Landmesser U, Marques-Vidal P, Vrints C, Walker D, Bueno H, Fitzsimons D, Pelliccia A (2017) Challenges in secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction: a call for action. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 16(5):369Bjarnason-Wehrens B,McGeeH,ZwislerAD,PiepoliMF,Benzer W,Schmid JP, Dendale P, Pogosova NGV, Zdrenghea D, Niebauer J, Mendes M (2010) Cardiac rehabilitation in Europe: results from the European cardiac rehabilitation inventory survey. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 17(4):410. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR. 0b013e328334f42dEuropean Heart Network (2008) European cardiovascular disease statistics. http://www.ehnheart.org/cvd-statistics/cvd-statistics2017.html. Accessed 22 Nov 2018Taylor RS, Unal B, Critchley JA, Capewell S (2006) Mortality reductions in patients receiving exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: how much can be attributed to cardiovascular risk factor improvements? Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 13(3):369. https:// doi.org/10.1097/01.hjr.0000199492.00967.11Michie S, O’Connor D, Bath J, Giles M, Earll L (2005) Cardiac rehabilitation: the psychological changes that predict health outcomeandhealthybehaviour.PsycholHealthMed10(1):88.https:// doi.org/10.1080/13548500512331315398Taylor C, ME Y, D C et al (2005) Effects of antidepressant medication on morbidity and mortality in depressed patients after myocardial infarction. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62(7):792Anderson L, Oldridge N, Thompson DR, Zwisler AD, Rees K, Martin N, Taylor RS (2016) Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation forcoronary heart disease: Cochrane systematic review and metaanalysis. J AmCollCardiol67(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc. 2015.10.044Graham IM, Fallon N, Ingram S, Leong T, Gormley J, O’Doherty V, Maher V, Benson SE (2011) Rehabilitation of the patient with coronary heart disease. Hurst’s Heart 13:1–33Yu CM, Lau CP, Chau J, McGhee S, Kong SL, Cheung BMY, Li LSW (2004) A short course of cardiac rehabilitation program is highly cost effective in improving long-term quality of life in patients with recent myocardial infarction or percutaneous coronary intervention. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85(12):1915. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.05.010Jack K, McLean SM, Moffett JK, Gardiner E (2010) Barriers to treatment adherence in physiotherapy outpatient clinics: a systematic review. 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ACM, New York), pp 79–80AchtenJ,JeukendrupAE(2003)Heartratemonitoring.SportsMed 33(7):517info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbRobótica médicaRobotics in medicineRehabilitación médicaMedical rehabilitationTecnología médicaMedical technologyRobótica de asistencia socialInteracción humano-robotRehabilitación cardíacaTerapia basada en robotsSocially assistive roboticsHuman–robot interactionCardiac rehabRobot-based therapyTEXTSocial Assistive Robots Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant.pdf.txtSocial Assistive Robots Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain72940https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3301/4/Social%20Assistive%20Robots%20Assessing%20the%20Impact%20of%20a%20Training%20Assistant.pdf.txt6556f27ed40194c912e1de55c1f2a853MD54metadata only accessTHUMBNAILPortada Social Assistive Robots Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant.PNGPortada Social Assistive Robots Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant.PNGimage/png131806https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3301/3/Portada%20Social%20Assistive%20Robots%20Assessing%20the%20Impact%20of%20a%20Training%20Assistant.PNG977badae678935e24faea4be327a8142MD53open accessSocial Assistive Robots Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant.pdf.jpgSocial Assistive Robots Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg13469https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3301/5/Social%20Assistive%20Robots%20Assessing%20the%20Impact%20of%20a%20Training%20Assistant.pdf.jpg760566ee728ba77647c4a0dd02a60b52MD55metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81881https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3301/2/license.txt5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06eMD52open accessORIGINALSocial Assistive Robots Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant.pdfSocial Assistive Robots Assessing the Impact of a Training Assistant.pdfapplication/pdf1001298https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/3301/1/Social%20Assistive%20Robots%20Assessing%20the%20Impact%20of%20a%20Training%20Assistant.pdf8faaedf38bf064ef1c5e99799bcc9e21MD51metadata only access001/3301oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/33012024-10-10 03:00:39.427metadata only accessRepositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitorepositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.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