Water quality assessment of hot springs and its discharges into the tributaries fed into the Bogotá river

The hot springs are used for recreational, therapeutic, and medicinal purposes. Due to their mineralization and water temperature, they convey a feeling of well-being that makes them a great tourist attraction. However, bathers do not know the quality of the waters, so it is necessary to identify th...

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Autores:
Sánchez Londoño, Yuly Andrea
Tipo de recurso:
Doctoral thesis
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional ECI
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/2491
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2491
Palabra clave:
Calidad del agua -- Aguas termales -- Río, Bogotá
Aguas termales -- Bicarbonato -- Río, Bogotá
Aguas termales -- Ferruginoso -- Río, Bogotá
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closedAccess
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
id ESCUELAIG2_7e3f40e0f5beb64a03d7608d92545734
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/2491
network_acronym_str ESCUELAIG2
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional ECI
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Water quality assessment of hot springs and its discharges into the tributaries fed into the Bogotá river
title Water quality assessment of hot springs and its discharges into the tributaries fed into the Bogotá river
spellingShingle Water quality assessment of hot springs and its discharges into the tributaries fed into the Bogotá river
Calidad del agua -- Aguas termales -- Río, Bogotá
Aguas termales -- Bicarbonato -- Río, Bogotá
Aguas termales -- Ferruginoso -- Río, Bogotá
title_short Water quality assessment of hot springs and its discharges into the tributaries fed into the Bogotá river
title_full Water quality assessment of hot springs and its discharges into the tributaries fed into the Bogotá river
title_fullStr Water quality assessment of hot springs and its discharges into the tributaries fed into the Bogotá river
title_full_unstemmed Water quality assessment of hot springs and its discharges into the tributaries fed into the Bogotá river
title_sort Water quality assessment of hot springs and its discharges into the tributaries fed into the Bogotá river
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Sánchez Londoño, Yuly Andrea
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Rodríguez Cheu, Luis Eduardo
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Sánchez Londoño, Yuly Andrea
dc.contributor.financer.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingenieria Julio Garavito
Toronto Metropolitan University
Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Bogotá
Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Bogotá
dc.contributor.projectleader.none.fl_str_mv Rodríguez Cheu, Luis Eduardo
dc.contributor.researcher.none.fl_str_mv Ing Yuly Andrea Sánchez Londoño
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Centro de Estudios Ambientales
dc.contributor.supervisor.none.fl_str_mv Mccarthy, Lynda
Mehrvar, Mehrab
Quiñones Bolaños, Edgar
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv Calidad del agua -- Aguas termales -- Río, Bogotá
Aguas termales -- Bicarbonato -- Río, Bogotá
Aguas termales -- Ferruginoso -- Río, Bogotá
topic Calidad del agua -- Aguas termales -- Río, Bogotá
Aguas termales -- Bicarbonato -- Río, Bogotá
Aguas termales -- Ferruginoso -- Río, Bogotá
description The hot springs are used for recreational, therapeutic, and medicinal purposes. Due to their mineralization and water temperature, they convey a feeling of well-being that makes them a great tourist attraction. However, bathers do not know the quality of the waters, so it is necessary to identify the possible risks to which bathers are exposed. In Colombia, hot springs are not disinfected before human use and their wastewater is discharged directly into rivers, nor is it customary to carry out monthly monitoring of their water quality. For this reason, it is important in Colombia to advance in the investigation of risk indicators for human health and the quality of aquatic ecosystems. In this thesis, two types of hot springs that discharge to tributary water sources of the Bogotá river were studied. Its waters were monitored for six months to determine the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality of the water and to assess its compliance with drinking water, swimming pool, hot spring, and wastewater discharge standards. The results showed that each hot spring had its own unique water characteristics, with hot spring 1 being bicarbonate and hot spring 2 being ferruginous. The values from the heavy metals analyzed (arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca)) in the samples from hot springs 1 and 2 were compared with regulations for drinking water and swimming pools. These values were within the limits established by the regulation, with the exception of the hot spring 2 featuring high iron values, which becomes more of a water aesthetic problem. Parameter analysis revealed that hot spring 1 had high conductivities and pH values higher than 7.0, while hot spring 2 had lower conductivities and pH values between 6.0 and 7.7. Dissolved oxygen levels in both hot springs remained within acceptable ranges. Concentrations of heavy metals in the samples were found to be within the limits set by drinking water and swimming pool standards, except for the high iron values in hot spring 2, which posed mainly an aesthetic concern. Hot spring 2 exhibited high turbidity and color values due to the ferruginous properties of the water. Oil and fats were not quantifiable in any hot spring. Hot spring 1 presented calcium carbonate values above the regulatory limits for drinking water and swimming pools. The results also indicated the presence of fecal coliforms (E. coli), total coliforms, Enterococci, L. pneumophila, P. aeruginosa, molds, and yeasts in all samples, exceeding the permissible limits. The use of UV for disinfection of hot springs without the use of chemicals has shown promising results. The tests conducted in the laboratory demonstrated high removal efficiencies, reaching up to 99.9% for bacteria such as E. coli. This method preserves the physical and chemical properties of the water, ensuring that it remains in its natural state.However, it is important to note that UV disinfection can be costly, particularly for smaller hot springs. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the water quality of the analyzed hot springs and highlights the need for appropriate regulations and treatment measures to ensure the safety and compliance of hot springs with respect to human health and environmental protection. Further research and implementation of effective management strategies are necessary to address the specific water characteristics and contamination issues associated with hot springs in order to safeguard public health and preserve the integrity of aquatic ecosystems.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-14T20:46:45Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-14T20:46:45Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Other
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2491
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
Toronto Metropolitan University
url https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2491
identifier_str_mv Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
Toronto Metropolitan University
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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Inactivation of pathogenic dermatophytes by Ultraviolet irradiation in swimming pool thermal water. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. International. Vol. 24, No. 5, pp 412–417. doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2013.835034. South Asian Post. (2013). Top 10 hot spring around the world. Available in: <https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A325092409/CPI?u=rpu_main&sid=CPI&xid=5e21036c>. (Accessed 14 Apr 2021). Spon, R. (June, 2008). Do You Really Have a Free Chlorine Residual? American Water works Association. Vol. 34, No 6, pp 24-27. doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2008.tb01993.x Taipei Times, Taiwan News. EPA plans to regulate hot-spring wastewater. October 13 of 2004. Available in: <https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2004/10/13/2003206666>. Accesed on 12 February 2021). Toronto (Canada). (2000). By-Law No. 457-2000.To regulate the discharge of sewage and land drainage. Available in: <https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/bylaws/2000/law0457.pdf>. 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spelling Rodríguez Cheu, Luis Eduardo20387a7d01ae06c5f57048c54cd77e28Sánchez Londoño, Yuly Andrea94e13ec553bcd57d813dc4595c862969Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingenieria Julio GaravitoToronto Metropolitan UniversityEmpresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de BogotáEmpresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de BogotáRodríguez Cheu, Luis EduardoIng Yuly Andrea Sánchez LondoñoCentro de Estudios AmbientalesMccarthy, LyndaMehrvar, MehrabQuiñones Bolaños, Edgar2023-07-14T20:46:45Z2023-07-14T20:46:45Z2023https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2491Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio GaravitoToronto Metropolitan UniversityThe hot springs are used for recreational, therapeutic, and medicinal purposes. Due to their mineralization and water temperature, they convey a feeling of well-being that makes them a great tourist attraction. However, bathers do not know the quality of the waters, so it is necessary to identify the possible risks to which bathers are exposed. In Colombia, hot springs are not disinfected before human use and their wastewater is discharged directly into rivers, nor is it customary to carry out monthly monitoring of their water quality. For this reason, it is important in Colombia to advance in the investigation of risk indicators for human health and the quality of aquatic ecosystems. In this thesis, two types of hot springs that discharge to tributary water sources of the Bogotá river were studied. Its waters were monitored for six months to determine the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality of the water and to assess its compliance with drinking water, swimming pool, hot spring, and wastewater discharge standards. The results showed that each hot spring had its own unique water characteristics, with hot spring 1 being bicarbonate and hot spring 2 being ferruginous. The values from the heavy metals analyzed (arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca)) in the samples from hot springs 1 and 2 were compared with regulations for drinking water and swimming pools. These values were within the limits established by the regulation, with the exception of the hot spring 2 featuring high iron values, which becomes more of a water aesthetic problem. Parameter analysis revealed that hot spring 1 had high conductivities and pH values higher than 7.0, while hot spring 2 had lower conductivities and pH values between 6.0 and 7.7. Dissolved oxygen levels in both hot springs remained within acceptable ranges. Concentrations of heavy metals in the samples were found to be within the limits set by drinking water and swimming pool standards, except for the high iron values in hot spring 2, which posed mainly an aesthetic concern. Hot spring 2 exhibited high turbidity and color values due to the ferruginous properties of the water. Oil and fats were not quantifiable in any hot spring. Hot spring 1 presented calcium carbonate values above the regulatory limits for drinking water and swimming pools. The results also indicated the presence of fecal coliforms (E. coli), total coliforms, Enterococci, L. pneumophila, P. aeruginosa, molds, and yeasts in all samples, exceeding the permissible limits. The use of UV for disinfection of hot springs without the use of chemicals has shown promising results. The tests conducted in the laboratory demonstrated high removal efficiencies, reaching up to 99.9% for bacteria such as E. coli. This method preserves the physical and chemical properties of the water, ensuring that it remains in its natural state.However, it is important to note that UV disinfection can be costly, particularly for smaller hot springs. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the water quality of the analyzed hot springs and highlights the need for appropriate regulations and treatment measures to ensure the safety and compliance of hot springs with respect to human health and environmental protection. Further research and implementation of effective management strategies are necessary to address the specific water characteristics and contamination issues associated with hot springs in order to safeguard public health and preserve the integrity of aquatic ecosystems.Queen Elizabeth Schoolar Emerging Leaders in the Americas Program (ELAP) L'Oreal Women Sciencie Colombia 2020 BiofraguasDoctoradoDoctor(a) en IngenieríaPremio 2020, con un apoyo de 20 millones. Biofraguas empresa patrocinadora de toda la parte de recolección de muestras y transporte.250 páginasapplication/pdfengWater quality assessment of hot springs and its discharges into the tributaries fed into the Bogotá riverTrabajo de grado - Doctoradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06Otherinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesishttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDCentro de Estudios AmbientalesDoctorado en IngenieríaAlberta (Canada), Public Health Act. Alberta Regulation 204/2014. Public Swimming Pools Regulation. Available in: <https://www.qp.alberta.ca/1266.cfm?page=2014_204.cfm&leg_type=Regs&display=html>. (Accessed on 30 March 2020). Alberta (Canada), Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act. (2013). Wastewater and Storm Drainage (Ministerial) Regulation. Canada. Available in: <https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/wastewater/regulations.html>. (Accessed on 30 March 2020). 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Yibas, B.,Olivier, J.,Tekere, M., and Motlakeng, T. (2011). Preliminary health risk analysis of thermal springs in limpopo province, South Africa based on water chemistry. Kenya Geothermal Conference. Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, November 21-23, 2011. Zachaira, C. (2016). Thesis “Balneological Classification of South African Thermal Springs”. Philosophiae Doctor Environmental Sciences. Available in: <https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54306a8ee4b07ea66ea32cc0/t/5910d846f5e2315080fcd4ad/1494276281241/balneological.pdf>. (Accesed on 18 April 2021). Zhang, J. Z. (2012). Current wet persulfate digestion method considerably underestimates total phosphorus content in natural waters. Environmental Science & Technology. Vol 46(24), pp. 13033– 13034. DOI: https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.torontomu.ca/10.1021/es304373f. Zhang, B., Zheng, J., & Sharp, R. (2010). Phytoremediation in engineered wetlands: mechanisms and applications. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2, 1315-1325. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.142.info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbCalidad del agua -- Aguas termales -- Río, BogotáAguas termales -- Bicarbonato -- Río, BogotáAguas termales -- Ferruginoso -- Río, BogotáEmpresa de Acueducto y Alcantarilaldo de Bogotá, Universidad Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería, Toronto Metropolitan University, Universidad de Cartagena,THUMBNAILSánchez Londoño, Yuly Andrea-2023.pdf.jpgSánchez Londoño, Yuly Andrea-2023.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg8942https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/13/S%c3%a1nchez%20Londo%c3%b1o%2c%20Yuly%20Andrea-2023.pdf.jpg85176c0063902fdeb4f361f33d5140c0MD513metadata only accessAutorización.pdf.jpgAutorización.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg12921https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/15/Autorizaci%c3%b3n.pdf.jpg82666034a580923db55d7e77eef0de77MD515metadata only accessAnexo 1.pdf.jpgAnexo 1.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg3598https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/17/Anexo%201.pdf.jpg09267c29e16bd799c6ca091226b71685MD517metadata only accessAnexo 2.pdf.jpgAnexo 2.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg13607https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/19/Anexo%202.pdf.jpga2aac221fac7f96dc561851b97d08333MD519metadata only accessAnexo 3.pdf.jpgAnexo 3.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg12900https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/21/Anexo%203.pdf.jpge6f5ad54cf8aefd71ccf180fcdd81588MD521metadata only accessAnexo 4.pdf.jpgAnexo 4.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg14206https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/23/Anexo%204.pdf.jpg98dfeb2200aa8e022e0d3e1d54a0ffbcMD523metadata only accessAnexo 5.pdf.jpgAnexo 5.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg11634https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/25/Anexo%205.pdf.jpg082f50f7272f244bc5d9f7653b8e750aMD525metadata only accessAnexo 6.pdf.jpgAnexo 6.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg9301https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/27/Anexo%206.pdf.jpg61524e2afc3a17a53fc4ed21d985cfbaMD527metadata only accessAnexo 7.pdf.jpgAnexo 7.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg8548https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/29/Anexo%207.pdf.jpgcbd5e11cfc0acc9b2f9e4344c1654aa9MD529metadata only accessTEXTSánchez Londoño, Yuly Andrea-2023.pdf.txtSánchez Londoño, Yuly Andrea-2023.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain393080https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/12/S%c3%a1nchez%20Londo%c3%b1o%2c%20Yuly%20Andrea-2023.pdf.txtd89183840ddb8f981cf4805f7a01e271MD512metadata only accessAutorización.pdf.txtAutorización.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain3430https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/14/Autorizaci%c3%b3n.pdf.txt1bf51ef50dafd5baf383093399673683MD514metadata only accessAnexo 1.pdf.txtAnexo 1.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain12https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/16/Anexo%201.pdf.txt36c6f0b2061da514c400c0bc2749b5cfMD516metadata only accessAnexo 2.pdf.txtAnexo 2.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain3788https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/18/Anexo%202.pdf.txtabf2fdbacc70ce6090906c8cf37dbb25MD518metadata only accessAnexo 3.pdf.txtAnexo 3.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain13620https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/20/Anexo%203.pdf.txt44e33c0c82ae114d6f7a4562cfb7ca4eMD520metadata only accessAnexo 4.pdf.txtAnexo 4.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain22981https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/22/Anexo%204.pdf.txtc964e9ad53cab418dc38e74e3f986850MD522metadata only accessAnexo 5.pdf.txtAnexo 5.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain2061https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/24/Anexo%205.pdf.txt5c6baf8365f368a7da41935e1a591a61MD524metadata only accessAnexo 6.pdf.txtAnexo 6.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain888https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/26/Anexo%206.pdf.txt9c3b9f33e1f1d52ac7b7a124ac73895bMD526metadata only accessAnexo 7.pdf.txtAnexo 7.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain840https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/28/Anexo%207.pdf.txt94cb9fa96a8be5a2dcabcbff3aaf6239MD528metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81881https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/11/license.txt5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06eMD511metadata only accessORIGINALSánchez Londoño, Yuly Andrea-2023.pdfSánchez Londoño, Yuly Andrea-2023.pdfapplication/pdf5245347https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/1/S%c3%a1nchez%20Londo%c3%b1o%2c%20Yuly%20Andrea-2023.pdfc913b202cbf50cfd0a56dce7594b4618MD51metadata only accessAutorización.pdfAutorización.pdfapplication/pdf842397https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/2/Autorizaci%c3%b3n.pdf6becf43c744cddf167ca6f8777ab4a11MD52metadata only accessAnexo 1.pdfAnexo 1.pdfapplication/pdf478361https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/3/Anexo%201.pdffd01a289fbd1c99b617d8f00285a6857MD53metadata only accessAnexo 2.pdfAnexo 2.pdfapplication/pdf46772https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/4/Anexo%202.pdf16c312ff5179bce0aa812f69a397a13eMD54metadata only accessAnexo 3.pdfAnexo 3.pdfapplication/pdf58910https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/5/Anexo%203.pdff99734e1d96f6a688c8b730914d235f2MD55metadata only accessAnexo 4.pdfAnexo 4.pdfapplication/pdf3264211https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/6/Anexo%204.pdf44fe2e269289e2ceec684a3900ebab68MD56metadata only accessAnexo 5.pdfAnexo 5.pdfapplication/pdf263057https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/7/Anexo%205.pdf43d08e7ed1f87cdd879f3dcf4e49920eMD57metadata only accessAnexo 6.pdfAnexo 6.pdfapplication/pdf25313https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/8/Anexo%206.pdfc30195535a5d41d21006554bc7708270MD58metadata only accessAnexo 7.pdfAnexo 7.pdfapplication/pdf27658https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/9/Anexo%207.pdf8d1ce96a7e53237c36ee433c0865f6c6MD59metadata only accessAnexo 8.zipAnexo 8.zipapplication/octet-stream35150735https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2491/10/Anexo%208.zip99958c86057e72ee400d768f51c18f7aMD510metadata only access001/2491oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/24912024-03-04 16:19:57.812metadata only accessRepositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitorepositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.co

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