Fracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN/ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel

CrN/ZrN (1, 8, 15, and 30) bilayers were deposited onto AISI 420 steel substrates at 250°C and 6.6x10-3 mbar with gas ratio Ar/N2 50:3.0 as gas mixture and bias -60V were applied. AFM analysis presented different morphologies, showing that the coatings with 15 bilayers had an average grain size of 4...

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Autores:
Alba de Sánchez, Nelly Cecilia
Jaramillo, Henry E.
Vivas, Zulima
Aperador Chaparro, William Arnulfo
Caicedo, Julio Cesar
Amaya, Cesar
Jaramillo Suarez, Héctor Enrique
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2008
Institución:
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional ECI
Idioma:
eng
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oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/2366
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2366
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.38.63
https://www.scientific.net/AMR.38.63
Palabra clave:
Acero - Corrosión
Acero inoxidable - Corrosión
Resistencia a la fractura
Steel - Corrosion
Steel, stainless - Corrosion
Fracture resistance
Bilayers
Atomic force microscopy
Corrosion
Mechanical properties
Magnetron sputtering
Stainless steel
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License
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
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network_name_str Repositorio Institucional ECI
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Fracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN/ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel
title Fracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN/ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel
spellingShingle Fracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN/ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel
Acero - Corrosión
Acero inoxidable - Corrosión
Resistencia a la fractura
Steel - Corrosion
Steel, stainless - Corrosion
Fracture resistance
Bilayers
Atomic force microscopy
Corrosion
Mechanical properties
Magnetron sputtering
Stainless steel
title_short Fracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN/ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel
title_full Fracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN/ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel
title_fullStr Fracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN/ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel
title_full_unstemmed Fracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN/ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel
title_sort Fracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN/ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Alba de Sánchez, Nelly Cecilia
Jaramillo, Henry E.
Vivas, Zulima
Aperador Chaparro, William Arnulfo
Caicedo, Julio Cesar
Amaya, Cesar
Jaramillo Suarez, Héctor Enrique
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Alba de Sánchez, Nelly Cecilia
Jaramillo, Henry E.
Vivas, Zulima
Aperador Chaparro, William Arnulfo
Caicedo, Julio Cesar
Amaya, Cesar
Jaramillo Suarez, Héctor Enrique
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Grupo de Investigación Ecitrónica
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv Acero - Corrosión
Acero inoxidable - Corrosión
Resistencia a la fractura
topic Acero - Corrosión
Acero inoxidable - Corrosión
Resistencia a la fractura
Steel - Corrosion
Steel, stainless - Corrosion
Fracture resistance
Bilayers
Atomic force microscopy
Corrosion
Mechanical properties
Magnetron sputtering
Stainless steel
dc.subject.armarc.eng.fl_str_mv Steel - Corrosion
Steel, stainless - Corrosion
Fracture resistance
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Bilayers
Atomic force microscopy
Corrosion
Mechanical properties
Magnetron sputtering
Stainless steel
description CrN/ZrN (1, 8, 15, and 30) bilayers were deposited onto AISI 420 steel substrates at 250°C and 6.6x10-3 mbar with gas ratio Ar/N2 50:3.0 as gas mixture and bias -60V were applied. AFM analysis presented different morphologies, showing that the coatings with 15 bilayers had an average grain size of 49 nm; while the 30-bilayer coating exhibited grain sizes of 99 nm. Coating thicknesses were 3 µm, approximately. The Vickers Test revealed that coatings with 8, 15, and 30 bilayers bore better impact resistance than coatings with 1 bilayer. This result is considered, bearing in mind that in many bilayers propagation of fissures is slower, because the presence of layer inter-phases leads to fissures straying in other directions. Slight corrosion specks are present, but mass loss was around 40 mg. in one bilayer, a higher value than for the coatings with 15 bilayers that was near 18 mg. Homogeneity, grain size, fracture resistance, and corrosion resistance of the coatings with 15 and 30 bilayers are suitable for mechanical applications of these types of coatings, as shown in mechanical measurements. These results indicate that for engineering applications under corrosive environments, the use of these types of bilayer coatings on AISI 420 stainless steel is highly recommended.
publishDate 2008
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2008
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-05-25T19:49:41Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-05-25T19:49:41Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.38.63
https://www.scientific.net/AMR.38.63
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 75
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dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv Advanced Materials Research
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Veprek S., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17, Sept (1999), pg. 5.
M. Gubischa, Y. Liub,*, L. Spiessa, H. Romanusa, S. Krischokb, G. Eckec, J.A. Schaeferb, Ch. Knedlika Nanoscale multilayer WC/C coatings developed for nanopositioning: Part I. Microstructures and mechanical properties. Thin Solid Films 488 (2005), 132 – 139.
Y. He, I. Apachitei, J. Zhou, T. Walstock, J. Duszczyk, The influence of the depth of a plasma nitrided layer in tool-steel substrate on the scratch – resistant properties of PACVD TiBN coating. Surface & Coatings Technology 201 (2007), 7036 – 7042.
J. A. Sue, T.P.Chang, Friction and wear behavior of titanium nitride, zirconium nitride and chromium Nitride coatings at elevated temperatures. Surf. Coat. Tecnhlog. 76 – 77 (1995), 61 – 69.
S. Ingolea, H. Lianga, M. Ustab, C. Bindalc, A.H. Ucisikd, Multi-scale wear of a boride coating on tungsten. Wear 259 (2005), 849–860.
S.H. Yaoa, Y.L. Sub, W.H. Kaoc, T.H. Liub, Tribology and oxidation behavior of TiN/AlN nano - multilayer films Taiwan, Tribology International xx (2005), 1–10.
P. Prieto, Producción y Caracterización de recubrimientos duros, Red CYTED VIII. 7. (1996).
M. Braic, V. Braic, M. Balaceanu, G. Pavelescu, A. Vladescu; Plasma Deposition of Alternate TiN/ZrN Multilayer Hard Coatings. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials vol. 5 (2003), p. 1399 – 1404.
J.J. Zhang, M.X. Wang, J. Yang, Q.X. Liu, D.J. Li , Enhancing mechanical and tribological performance of multilayered CrN/ZrN coatings. Surface & Coatings Technology 201 (2007), 5186– 5189.
J. A. Sue, T. P. Chang, Friction and wear behavior of titanium nitride, zirconium nitride and chromium nitride coatings at elevated temperatures, Surface and Coatings Technology 76 – 77 (1995), 61 – 69.
P. Corengia; G. Ybarra, C. Mendive, D. Egidi, L. Fraigi, M. Quinteiro, C. Moina, Estudio por microscopía de fuerza atómica de películas delgadas depositadas por PVD (phisical vapor deposition) sobre Si (100). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, [consultado Agosto 29 de 2007]. Disponible en Internet: http://www4.inti.gov.ar/GD/jornadas2000/cemec-148.htm
Ravender Tickoo, R.P. Tandon, K.K. Bamzai, P.N. Kotru Indentation induced testing studies on lanthanum modified lead titanate ceramics Materials Science and Engineering B 110 (2004), 177–184.
J. C. Caicedo A., P.Prieto, J. M.Caicedo. R., G. Bejarano G., Adam G. Balogh, S. Gottschalk. Revista Colombiana de Física, VOL. 37, No. 2. (2005).
Archard J.F., Contact and Rubbing of Flat Surfaces. Journal of Applied Phisys. Vol 24, number 8, (1953), p 981-988.
Ming Zhao, Yan Feng, Lifang Jiao, Huatang Yuan, Xingdi Zhou, Myong-Bok Jang , Preparation and electrochemical characteristics of MgNi–FeB alloys. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2007),
Shenhua Song, Ping Xiao, An impedance spectroscopy study of high-temperature oxidation of thermal barrier coatings. Materials Science and Engineering B97 (2003), 46 -/53.
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spelling Alba de Sánchez, Nelly Cecilia2793e3a51a82a454e83e94b5b61af113600Jaramillo, Henry E.e2872244a18e2ac9a99a1eee8df6628a600Vivas, Zulimaa895a0d86d62115c12b72c097e5cfd55600Aperador Chaparro, William Arnulfod0ab25696c12a7e94a910bc7647be528600Caicedo, Julio Cesarf512b138afe77d4e7bfce5d36c13debb600Amaya, Cesar2d4071592475e5ceadf02e3456c9bca1600Jaramillo Suarez, Héctor Enriquef04da5b72cba4a13da07f0ff732a4af0600Grupo de Investigación Ecitrónica2023-05-25T19:49:41Z2023-05-25T19:49:41Z20081022-6680https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2366https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.38.631662-8985https://www.scientific.net/AMR.38.63CrN/ZrN (1, 8, 15, and 30) bilayers were deposited onto AISI 420 steel substrates at 250°C and 6.6x10-3 mbar with gas ratio Ar/N2 50:3.0 as gas mixture and bias -60V were applied. AFM analysis presented different morphologies, showing that the coatings with 15 bilayers had an average grain size of 49 nm; while the 30-bilayer coating exhibited grain sizes of 99 nm. Coating thicknesses were 3 µm, approximately. The Vickers Test revealed that coatings with 8, 15, and 30 bilayers bore better impact resistance than coatings with 1 bilayer. This result is considered, bearing in mind that in many bilayers propagation of fissures is slower, because the presence of layer inter-phases leads to fissures straying in other directions. Slight corrosion specks are present, but mass loss was around 40 mg. in one bilayer, a higher value than for the coatings with 15 bilayers that was near 18 mg. Homogeneity, grain size, fracture resistance, and corrosion resistance of the coatings with 15 and 30 bilayers are suitable for mechanical applications of these types of coatings, as shown in mechanical measurements. These results indicate that for engineering applications under corrosive environments, the use of these types of bilayer coatings on AISI 420 stainless steel is highly recommended.Se depositaron bicapas de CrN/ZrN (1, 8, 15 y 30) sobre sustratos de acero AISI 420 a 250°C y 6,6x10-3 mbar con una proporción de gas Ar/N2 50:3,0 como mezcla gaseosa y se aplicó una polarización de -60V. El análisis AFM presentó diferentes morfologías, mostrando que los recubrimientos con 15 bicapas tenían un tamaño medio de grano de 49 nm; mientras que el recubrimiento de 30 bicapas exhibía tamaños de grano de 99 nm. Los espesores de los recubrimientos eran de 3 µm, aproximadamente. El ensayo Vickers reveló que los revestimientos con 8, 15 y 30 bicapas presentaban mejor resistencia al impacto que los revestimientos con 1 bicapa. Se considera este resultado, teniendo en cuenta que en muchas bicapas la propagación de las fisuras es más lenta, porque la presencia de interfases de capas hace que las fisuras se desvíen en otras direcciones. Se observan ligeras motas de corrosión, pero la pérdida de masa fue de unos 40 mg. en una bicapa, valor superior al de los recubrimientos con 15 bicapas que fue cercano a los 18 mg. La homogeneidad, el tamaño de grano, la resistencia a la fractura y la resistencia a la corrosión de los recubrimientos con 15 y 30 bicapas son adecuados para las aplicaciones mecánicas de este tipo de recubrimientos, como demuestran las mediciones mecánicas. Estos resultados indican que para aplicaciones de ingeniería en ambientes corrosivos, el uso de estos tipos de recubrimientos bicapa sobre acero inoxidable AISI 420 es muy recomendable.13 páginasapplication/pdfenghttps://www.scientific.net/AMR.38.63Fracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN/ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steelArtículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Suiza756338N/AAdvanced Materials ResearchVeprek S., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17, Sept (1999), pg. 5.M. Gubischa, Y. Liub,*, L. Spiessa, H. Romanusa, S. Krischokb, G. Eckec, J.A. Schaeferb, Ch. Knedlika Nanoscale multilayer WC/C coatings developed for nanopositioning: Part I. Microstructures and mechanical properties. Thin Solid Films 488 (2005), 132 – 139.Y. He, I. Apachitei, J. Zhou, T. Walstock, J. Duszczyk, The influence of the depth of a plasma nitrided layer in tool-steel substrate on the scratch – resistant properties of PACVD TiBN coating. Surface & Coatings Technology 201 (2007), 7036 – 7042.J. A. Sue, T.P.Chang, Friction and wear behavior of titanium nitride, zirconium nitride and chromium Nitride coatings at elevated temperatures. Surf. Coat. Tecnhlog. 76 – 77 (1995), 61 – 69.S. Ingolea, H. Lianga, M. Ustab, C. Bindalc, A.H. Ucisikd, Multi-scale wear of a boride coating on tungsten. Wear 259 (2005), 849–860.S.H. Yaoa, Y.L. Sub, W.H. Kaoc, T.H. Liub, Tribology and oxidation behavior of TiN/AlN nano - multilayer films Taiwan, Tribology International xx (2005), 1–10.P. Prieto, Producción y Caracterización de recubrimientos duros, Red CYTED VIII. 7. (1996).M. Braic, V. Braic, M. Balaceanu, G. Pavelescu, A. Vladescu; Plasma Deposition of Alternate TiN/ZrN Multilayer Hard Coatings. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials vol. 5 (2003), p. 1399 – 1404.J.J. Zhang, M.X. Wang, J. Yang, Q.X. Liu, D.J. Li , Enhancing mechanical and tribological performance of multilayered CrN/ZrN coatings. Surface & Coatings Technology 201 (2007), 5186– 5189.J. A. Sue, T. P. Chang, Friction and wear behavior of titanium nitride, zirconium nitride and chromium nitride coatings at elevated temperatures, Surface and Coatings Technology 76 – 77 (1995), 61 – 69.P. Corengia; G. Ybarra, C. Mendive, D. Egidi, L. Fraigi, M. Quinteiro, C. Moina, Estudio por microscopía de fuerza atómica de películas delgadas depositadas por PVD (phisical vapor deposition) sobre Si (100). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, [consultado Agosto 29 de 2007]. Disponible en Internet: http://www4.inti.gov.ar/GD/jornadas2000/cemec-148.htmRavender Tickoo, R.P. Tandon, K.K. Bamzai, P.N. Kotru Indentation induced testing studies on lanthanum modified lead titanate ceramics Materials Science and Engineering B 110 (2004), 177–184.J. C. Caicedo A., P.Prieto, J. M.Caicedo. R., G. Bejarano G., Adam G. Balogh, S. Gottschalk. Revista Colombiana de Física, VOL. 37, No. 2. (2005).Archard J.F., Contact and Rubbing of Flat Surfaces. Journal of Applied Phisys. Vol 24, number 8, (1953), p 981-988.Ming Zhao, Yan Feng, Lifang Jiao, Huatang Yuan, Xingdi Zhou, Myong-Bok Jang , Preparation and electrochemical characteristics of MgNi–FeB alloys. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2007),Shenhua Song, Ping Xiao, An impedance spectroscopy study of high-temperature oxidation of thermal barrier coatings. Materials Science and Engineering B97 (2003), 46 -/53.info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbAcero - CorrosiónAcero inoxidable - CorrosiónResistencia a la fracturaSteel - CorrosionSteel, stainless - CorrosionFracture resistanceBilayersAtomic force microscopyCorrosionMechanical propertiesMagnetron sputteringStainless steelTHUMBNAILFracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN-ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel.pdf.jpgFracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN-ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg17384https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2366/4/Fracture%20resistant%20and%20wear%20corrosion%20performance%20of%20CrN-ZrN%20bilayers%20deposited%20onto%20AISI%20420%20stainless%20steel.pdf.jpg72cbf3e9a2c3a6fd7a7f98fb8c27284eMD54open accessTEXTFracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN-ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel.pdf.txtFracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN-ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain26817https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2366/3/Fracture%20resistant%20and%20wear%20corrosion%20performance%20of%20CrN-ZrN%20bilayers%20deposited%20onto%20AISI%20420%20stainless%20steel.pdf.txt624df1053ccd239009a2f631a791d0e7MD53open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81881https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2366/2/license.txt5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06eMD52open accessORIGINALFracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN-ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel.pdfFracture resistant and wear corrosion performance of CrN-ZrN bilayers deposited onto AISI 420 stainless steel.pdfArtículo de revistaapplication/pdf2912418https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/2366/1/Fracture%20resistant%20and%20wear%20corrosion%20performance%20of%20CrN-ZrN%20bilayers%20deposited%20onto%20AISI%20420%20stainless%20steel.pdfaa8e7628e5dcdccf9051f88fb02dbb26MD51metadata only access001/2366oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/23662023-10-06 11:52:41.337metadata only accessRepositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitorepositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.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