Towards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities

This article investigates the implications of general models of smart sustainable cities (SSC) on the indicators and measurement frameworks that we use to study them. We first investigate the mainstream theory of SSC and their corresponding measurement frameworks. From the analysis, we show that suc...

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Autores:: Ceballos-Zuluaga, Andrea
Benavides-Navarro, Luis Daniel
Ospina-Becerra, Victoria Eugenia

Tipo de recurso:: Article of investigation

Fecha de publicación:: 2020

Institución:: Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito

Repositorio:: Repositorio Institucional ECI

Idioma:: eng

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Towards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities
title	Towards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities
spellingShingle	Towards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities Ciudades inteligentes Tecnología y estado Conocimiento KBSSC Applied computing Computers in other domains Computing in government E-government Smart cities
title_short	Towards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities
title_full	Towards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities
title_fullStr	Towards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities
title_full_unstemmed	Towards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities
title_sort	Towards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Ceballos-Zuluaga, Andrea Benavides-Navarro, Luis Daniel Ospina-Becerra, Victoria Eugenia
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Ceballos-Zuluaga, Andrea Benavides-Navarro, Luis Daniel Ospina-Becerra, Victoria Eugenia
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv	CTG-Informática
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv	Ciudades inteligentes Tecnología y estado Conocimiento KBSSC
topic	Ciudades inteligentes Tecnología y estado Conocimiento KBSSC Applied computing Computers in other domains Computing in government E-government Smart cities
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Applied computing Computers in other domains Computing in government E-government Smart cities
description	This article investigates the implications of general models of smart sustainable cities (SSC) on the indicators and measurement frameworks that we use to study them. We first investigate the mainstream theory of SSC and their corresponding measurement frameworks. From the analysis, we show that such frameworks do not address the dynamic behaviour of cities. We then explore knowledge based smart sustainable cities, as an alternative theory of SSC, and investigate the measurement frameworks derived from this theory. We show that, despite having a different approach, these measurement frameworks still depend on static indicators and promote static view of the city. We then conjecture that this is due to fussy definitions of knowledge and incomplete investigations of the implications of latest theories of knowledge over the structure and strategy of smart cities. Finally, we propose a set of premises and principles that will improve the theory of Knowledge based smart sustainable cities (KBSSC) and show how this new definition will affect the design of indicators and measurement frameworks in a KBSSC.
publishDate	2020
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2020
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2021-05-19T23:32:08Z 2021-10-01T17:22:48Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2021-10-01T17:22:48Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Documento de Conferencia
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dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
dc.relation.conferencedate.spa.fl_str_mv	September 2020
dc.relation.conferenceplace.spa.fl_str_mv	Atenas, Grecia
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv	N/A
dc.relation.ispartofconference.spa.fl_str_mv	ICEGOV 2020: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	ESCWA, "Smart Cities: Regional Perspectives," United Nations Econ. Soc. Comm. West. Asia, no. February, pp. 1--100, 2015. A. Ben Rjab and S. Mellouli, "Smart cities in the era of artificial intelligence and internet of things: Literature review from 1990 to 2017," in ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 2018 R. Khatoun and S. Zeadally, "The aim is to improve cities' management of natural and municipal resources and in turn the quality of life of their citizens," Commun. ACM, vol. 59, no. 8, 2016. E. Ismagilova, L. Hughes, Y. K. Dwivedi, and K. R. Raman, "Smart cities: Advances in research---An information systems perspective," Int. J. Inf. Manage., vol. 47, no. December 2018, pp. 88--100, 2019. T. Yigitcanlar and A. Lönnqvist, "Benchmarking knowledge-based urban development performance: Results from the international comparison of Helsinki," Cities, vol. 31, pp. 357--369, 2013 T. Yigitcanlar, "Planning for knowledge-based urban development: Global perspectives," J. Knowl. Manag., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 228--242, 2009. D. L. Chang, J. Sabatini-Marques, E. M. da Costa, P. M. Selig, and T. Yigitcanlar, "Knowledge-based, smart and sustainable cities: A provocation for a conceptual framework," J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex., vol. 4, no. 1, 2018. F. J. Carrillo, "What 'knowledge-based' stands for? A position paper," Int. J. Knowledge-Based Dev., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 402--421, 2014. M. Barlow and C. Lévy-Bencheton, "Cities in Motion," in Smart Cities, Smart Future, 2018, pp. 51--75. Science for Environment Policy, "Indicators for Sustainable Cities. In-depth Report 12. Produced for European Commission DG Environment by the Science Communication Unit, UWE, Bristol.," vol. 2015, no. 12, 2018. UN HABITAT and International City Leaders, "2015 Global City Report: The City Prosperity Initiative," 2015 "norma española UNE-ISO 37120," 2015. S. Alawadhi et al., "Building Understanding of Smart City Initiatives To cite this version: HAL Id: hal-01543596 Building Understanding of Smart City Initiatives," 2017 Luís Carvalho, Inês Plácido Santos, and Mário Vale, "Living planit and the development of the " planit urban operating system," no. Smart cities, pp. 1--38, 2014 M. Fitzgerald, "Data-Driven City Management," 2016. V. Fernandez-Anez, J. M. Fernández-Güell, and R. Giffinger, "Smart City implementation and discourses: An integrated conceptual model. The case of Vienna," Cities, vol. 78, pp. 4--16, Aug. 2018. R. Alvarado López, "Ciudad inteligente y sostenible: una estrategia de innovación inclusiva," PAAKAT Rev. Tecnol. y Soc., vol. 7, no. 13, p. 4, 2017. M. Calderón, G. López, and G. Marín, "Smart cities in Latin America: Realities and technical readiness," in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2017. P. Bosch, S. Jongeneel, V. Rovers, H.-M. Neumann, M. Airaksinen, and A. Huovila, "CITY keys Indicators for smart city projects and smart cities," CITYKesys, p. 305, 2017 C. Garau and V. M. Pavan, "Evaluating urban quality: Indicators and assessment tools for smart sustainable cities," Sustain., vol. 10, no. 3, Feb. 2018. El Consejo Mundial de Datos de Ciudades & La Oficina de las Naciones Unidas para Reducción de Riesgo de Desastres., "The New ISO Standard for Resilient Cities Indicators: Opportunities for City and Expert Input Session Overview," 2018. S. Dirks, M. Keeling, and J. Dencik, "How Smart is Your City? Helping Cities Measure Progress," 2009. government of India, "Liveability Standardsin Cities," p. 35, 2017 ZEN, "Zero Emission Neighborhoods in Smart Cities (ZEN)," 2018. [Online]. Available: www.ntnu.no. United Nations, "The Government Summit Thought Leadership Series Smart Cities: Regional Perspectives," 2015. Philip Garnett, Growing smart cities, vol. 35. 2020. Z. Allam and P. Newman, "Redefining the Smart City: Culture, Metabolism and Governance," Smart Cities, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 4--25, Jul. 2018. S. Perätalo and P. Ahokangas, "Toward smart city business models.," J. Bus. Model., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 65--70, 2018. G. S. Aujla, N. Kumar, M. Singh, and A. Y. Zomaya, "Energy trading with dynamic pricing for electric vehicles in a smart city environment," J. Parallel Distrib. Comput., vol. 127, pp. 169--183, May 2019 P. Cardullo and R. Kitchin, "Being a 'citizen' in the smart city: up and down the scaffold of smart citizen participation in Dublin, Ireland," GeoJournal, vol. 84, no. 1, Feb. 2019. C. Yang, G. Su, and J. Chen, "Using big data to enhance crisis response and disaster resilience for a smart city," in 2017 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Big Data Analysis, ICBDA 2017, 2017, pp. 504--507. S. Al_Janabi, "Smart system to create an optimal higher education environment using IDA and IOTs," International Journal of Computers and Applications, Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2018. D. J. Cook, G. Duncan, G. Sprint, and R. L. Fritz, "Using Smart City Technology to Make Healthcare Smarter," Proc. IEEE, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 708--722, 2018. B. Y. R. Khatoun and S. Zeadally, "Smart Cities: concepts, architectures, research opportunities," Commun. ACM, vol. 59, pp. 46--57, 2016. G. Lyons, "Getting smart about urban mobility - Aligning the paradigms of smart and sustainable," Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract., vol. 115, pp. 4--14, Sep. 2018. K. Paskaleva and I. Cooper, "Open innovation and the evaluation of internet-enabled public services in smart cities," Technovation, vol. 78, pp. 4--14, Dec. 2018. I. S. Farahat, A. S. Tolba, M. Elhoseny, and W. Eladrosy, "Data Security and Challenges in Smart Cities," 2019, pp. 117--142. A. Matos, B. Pinto, F. Barros, S. Martins, J. Martins, and M. Au-Yong-Oliveira, "Smart cities and smart tourism: What future do they bring?," in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2019, vol. 932, pp. 358--370. S. Andreani, M. Kalchschmidt, R. Pinto, and A. Sayegh, "Reframing technologically enhanced urban scenarios: A design research model towards human centered smart cities," Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 142, pp. 15--25, May 2019. D. Deutsch, The Beginning of Infinity: Explanations That Transform the World. Penguin Publishing Group, 2011. K. Popper, Conjectures and Refutations The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963 K. Popper, "The open society and its enemies revisited," Econ., 1988. C. Martin, J. Evans, A. Karvonen, K. Paskaleva, D. Yang, and T. Linjordet, "Smart-sustainability: A new urban fix?," Sustain. Cities Soc., vol. 45, pp. 640--648, 2019 G. F. Gilder, Knowledge and power: the information theory of capitalism and how it is revolutionizing our world. 2013. D. Periton, "Generative history: Marcel poëte and the city as urban organism," J. Archit., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 580--594, May 2018. A. Kidwai and A. Saraph, "Smart City Initiatives in India: Classification from System's Perspective," 2019, pp. 1--9.
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spelling	Ceballos-Zuluaga, Andrea848f6f9f211fcd11d3eb04c7e063ade0600Benavides-Navarro, Luis Daniel7edbe1c13ee4297eebf80fac45c5ac9c600Ospina-Becerra, Victoria Eugenia2936690f3b66f7b8fd36d4427179b7b0600CTG-Informática2021-05-19T23:32:08Z2021-10-01T17:22:48Z2021-10-01T17:22:48Z2020https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/1443doi.org/10.1145/3428502.3428597https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3428502.3428597This article investigates the implications of general models of smart sustainable cities (SSC) on the indicators and measurement frameworks that we use to study them. We first investigate the mainstream theory of SSC and their corresponding measurement frameworks. From the analysis, we show that such frameworks do not address the dynamic behaviour of cities. We then explore knowledge based smart sustainable cities, as an alternative theory of SSC, and investigate the measurement frameworks derived from this theory. We show that, despite having a different approach, these measurement frameworks still depend on static indicators and promote static view of the city. We then conjecture that this is due to fussy definitions of knowledge and incomplete investigations of the implications of latest theories of knowledge over the structure and strategy of smart cities. Finally, we propose a set of premises and principles that will improve the theory of Knowledge based smart sustainable cities (KBSSC) and show how this new definition will affect the design of indicators and measurement frameworks in a KBSSC.Este artículo investiga las implicaciones de los modelos generales de ciudades inteligentes y sostenibles (CSS) en los indicadores y marcos de medición que utilizamos para estudiarlos. Primero investigamos la teoría dominante de la CSS y sus correspondientes marcos de medición. A partir del análisis, mostramos que tales marcos no abordan el comportamiento dinámico de las ciudades. A continuación, exploramos las ciudades inteligentes y sostenibles basadas en el conocimiento, como una teoría alternativa de la CSS, e investigamos los marcos de medición derivados de esta teoría. Mostramos que, a pesar de tener un enfoque diferente, estos marcos de medición aún dependen de indicadores estáticos y promueven una visión estática de la ciudad. Luego conjeturamos que esto se debe a definiciones exigentes de conocimiento e investigaciones incompletas de las implicaciones de las últimas teorías del conocimiento sobre la estructura y estrategia de las ciudades inteligentes. Finalmente, proponemos un conjunto de premisas y principios que mejorarán la teoría de las ciudades inteligentes sostenibles basadas en el conocimiento (KBSSC) y mostrar cómo esta nueva definición afectará el diseño de indicadores y marcos de medición en un KBSSC.8 páginasapplication/pdfenghttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbTowards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart citiesDocumento de Conferenciainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85ColombiaSeptember 2020Atenas, GreciaN/AICEGOV 2020: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic GovernanceESCWA, "Smart Cities: Regional Perspectives," United Nations Econ. Soc. Comm. West. Asia, no. February, pp. 1--100, 2015.A. Ben Rjab and S. Mellouli, "Smart cities in the era of artificial intelligence and internet of things: Literature review from 1990 to 2017," in ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 2018R. Khatoun and S. Zeadally, "The aim is to improve cities' management of natural and municipal resources and in turn the quality of life of their citizens," Commun. ACM, vol. 59, no. 8, 2016.E. Ismagilova, L. Hughes, Y. K. Dwivedi, and K. R. Raman, "Smart cities: Advances in research---An information systems perspective," Int. J. Inf. Manage., vol. 47, no. December 2018, pp. 88--100, 2019.T. Yigitcanlar and A. Lönnqvist, "Benchmarking knowledge-based urban development performance: Results from the international comparison of Helsinki," Cities, vol. 31, pp. 357--369, 2013T. Yigitcanlar, "Planning for knowledge-based urban development: Global perspectives," J. Knowl. Manag., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 228--242, 2009.D. L. Chang, J. Sabatini-Marques, E. M. da Costa, P. M. Selig, and T. Yigitcanlar, "Knowledge-based, smart and sustainable cities: A provocation for a conceptual framework," J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex., vol. 4, no. 1, 2018.F. J. Carrillo, "What 'knowledge-based' stands for? A position paper," Int. J. Knowledge-Based Dev., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 402--421, 2014.M. Barlow and C. Lévy-Bencheton, "Cities in Motion," in Smart Cities, Smart Future, 2018, pp. 51--75.Science for Environment Policy, "Indicators for Sustainable Cities. In-depth Report 12. Produced for European Commission DG Environment by the Science Communication Unit, UWE, Bristol.," vol. 2015, no. 12, 2018.UN HABITAT and International City Leaders, "2015 Global City Report: The City Prosperity Initiative," 2015"norma española UNE-ISO 37120," 2015.S. Alawadhi et al., "Building Understanding of Smart City Initiatives To cite this version: HAL Id: hal-01543596 Building Understanding of Smart City Initiatives," 2017Luís Carvalho, Inês Plácido Santos, and Mário Vale, "Living planit and the development of the " planit urban operating system," no. Smart cities, pp. 1--38, 2014M. Fitzgerald, "Data-Driven City Management," 2016.V. Fernandez-Anez, J. M. Fernández-Güell, and R. Giffinger, "Smart City implementation and discourses: An integrated conceptual model. The case of Vienna," Cities, vol. 78, pp. 4--16, Aug. 2018.R. Alvarado López, "Ciudad inteligente y sostenible: una estrategia de innovación inclusiva," PAAKAT Rev. Tecnol. y Soc., vol. 7, no. 13, p. 4, 2017.M. Calderón, G. López, and G. Marín, "Smart cities in Latin America: Realities and technical readiness," in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2017.P. Bosch, S. Jongeneel, V. Rovers, H.-M. Neumann, M. Airaksinen, and A. Huovila, "CITY keys Indicators for smart city projects and smart cities," CITYKesys, p. 305, 2017C. Garau and V. M. Pavan, "Evaluating urban quality: Indicators and assessment tools for smart sustainable cities," Sustain., vol. 10, no. 3, Feb. 2018.El Consejo Mundial de Datos de Ciudades & La Oficina de las Naciones Unidas para Reducción de Riesgo de Desastres., "The New ISO Standard for Resilient Cities Indicators: Opportunities for City and Expert Input Session Overview," 2018.S. Dirks, M. Keeling, and J. Dencik, "How Smart is Your City? Helping Cities Measure Progress," 2009.government of India, "Liveability Standardsin Cities," p. 35, 2017ZEN, "Zero Emission Neighborhoods in Smart Cities (ZEN)," 2018. [Online]. Available: www.ntnu.no.United Nations, "The Government Summit Thought Leadership Series Smart Cities: Regional Perspectives," 2015.Philip Garnett, Growing smart cities, vol. 35. 2020.Z. Allam and P. Newman, "Redefining the Smart City: Culture, Metabolism and Governance," Smart Cities, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 4--25, Jul. 2018.S. Perätalo and P. Ahokangas, "Toward smart city business models.," J. Bus. Model., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 65--70, 2018.G. S. Aujla, N. Kumar, M. Singh, and A. Y. Zomaya, "Energy trading with dynamic pricing for electric vehicles in a smart city environment," J. Parallel Distrib. Comput., vol. 127, pp. 169--183, May 2019P. Cardullo and R. Kitchin, "Being a 'citizen' in the smart city: up and down the scaffold of smart citizen participation in Dublin, Ireland," GeoJournal, vol. 84, no. 1, Feb. 2019.C. Yang, G. Su, and J. Chen, "Using big data to enhance crisis response and disaster resilience for a smart city," in 2017 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Big Data Analysis, ICBDA 2017, 2017, pp. 504--507.S. Al_Janabi, "Smart system to create an optimal higher education environment using IDA and IOTs," International Journal of Computers and Applications, Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2018.D. J. Cook, G. Duncan, G. Sprint, and R. L. Fritz, "Using Smart City Technology to Make Healthcare Smarter," Proc. IEEE, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 708--722, 2018.B. Y. R. Khatoun and S. Zeadally, "Smart Cities: concepts, architectures, research opportunities," Commun. ACM, vol. 59, pp. 46--57, 2016.G. Lyons, "Getting smart about urban mobility - Aligning the paradigms of smart and sustainable," Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract., vol. 115, pp. 4--14, Sep. 2018.K. Paskaleva and I. Cooper, "Open innovation and the evaluation of internet-enabled public services in smart cities," Technovation, vol. 78, pp. 4--14, Dec. 2018.I. S. Farahat, A. S. Tolba, M. Elhoseny, and W. Eladrosy, "Data Security and Challenges in Smart Cities," 2019, pp. 117--142.A. Matos, B. Pinto, F. Barros, S. Martins, J. Martins, and M. Au-Yong-Oliveira, "Smart cities and smart tourism: What future do they bring?," in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2019, vol. 932, pp. 358--370.S. Andreani, M. Kalchschmidt, R. Pinto, and A. Sayegh, "Reframing technologically enhanced urban scenarios: A design research model towards human centered smart cities," Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 142, pp. 15--25, May 2019.D. Deutsch, The Beginning of Infinity: Explanations That Transform the World. Penguin Publishing Group, 2011.K. Popper, Conjectures and Refutations The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963K. Popper, "The open society and its enemies revisited," Econ., 1988.C. Martin, J. Evans, A. Karvonen, K. Paskaleva, D. Yang, and T. Linjordet, "Smart-sustainability: A new urban fix?," Sustain. Cities Soc., vol. 45, pp. 640--648, 2019G. F. Gilder, Knowledge and power: the information theory of capitalism and how it is revolutionizing our world. 2013.D. Periton, "Generative history: Marcel poëte and the city as urban organism," J. Archit., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 580--594, May 2018.A. Kidwai and A. Saraph, "Smart City Initiatives in India: Classification from System's Perspective," 2019, pp. 1--9.Ciudades inteligentesTecnología y estadoConocimiento KBSSCApplied computingComputers in other domainsComputing in governmentE-governmentSmart citiesTEXTTowards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities.pdf.txtTowards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain2https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1443/3/Towards%20a%20measuring%20framework%20for%20knowledge%20creation%20in%20smart%20cities.pdf.txtd784fa8b6d98d27699781bd9a7cf19f0MD53open accessTHUMBNAILTowards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities.pdf.jpgTowards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg8500https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1443/4/Towards%20a%20measuring%20framework%20for%20knowledge%20creation%20in%20smart%20cities.pdf.jpgc4ab4914a8fe3646e4ad836dc5cc51e0MD54open accessLICENSElicense.txttext/plain1881https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1443/1/license.txt5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06eMD51open accessORIGINALTowards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities.pdfapplication/pdf139394https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1443/2/Towards%20a%20measuring%20framework%20for%20knowledge%20creation%20in%20smart%20cities.pdfb89e8081e65d3b2b6a0bade6800561d5MD52metadata only access001/1443oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/14432022-08-09 18:04:41.304metadata only accessRepositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitorepositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.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

Towards a measuring framework for knowledge creation in smart cities

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