OFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels
Introduction: Recent studies on the FFT processing (Fast Fourier Transform) or DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) of the OFDM signal (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) have shown pros and cons for DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting-Second Generation Terrestrial) radio communications; however...
- Autores:
-
Paz Penagos, Hernán
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional ECI
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/1439
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/1439
https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.14.2.2018.09
- Palabra clave:
- Sistemas de comunicación inalámbrica
Wireless communication systems
Wireless channel
AWGN noise
Fading
Broadband communications
DWT and FFT
Canal inalámbrico
Ruido AWGN
Des-vanecimientos
Comunicaciones de banda ancha
Procesado FFT y DWT
Desempeño
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
| id |
ESCUELAIG2_2939cadf706817a3abd13f0dee1d479d |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/1439 |
| network_acronym_str |
ESCUELAIG2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional ECI |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
OFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels |
| dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv |
Comparación OFDM con procesado FFT y DWT para canales inalámbricos DVB-T2 |
| title |
OFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels |
| spellingShingle |
OFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels Sistemas de comunicación inalámbrica Wireless communication systems Wireless channel AWGN noise Fading Broadband communications DWT and FFT Canal inalámbrico Ruido AWGN Des-vanecimientos Comunicaciones de banda ancha Procesado FFT y DWT Desempeño |
| title_short |
OFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels |
| title_full |
OFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels |
| title_fullStr |
OFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels |
| title_full_unstemmed |
OFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels |
| title_sort |
OFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Paz Penagos, Hernán |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Paz Penagos, Hernán |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ecitrónica |
| dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Sistemas de comunicación inalámbrica |
| topic |
Sistemas de comunicación inalámbrica Wireless communication systems Wireless channel AWGN noise Fading Broadband communications DWT and FFT Canal inalámbrico Ruido AWGN Des-vanecimientos Comunicaciones de banda ancha Procesado FFT y DWT Desempeño |
| dc.subject.armarc.eng.fl_str_mv |
Wireless communication systems |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Wireless channel AWGN noise Fading Broadband communications DWT and FFT |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Canal inalámbrico Ruido AWGN Des-vanecimientos Comunicaciones de banda ancha Procesado FFT y DWT Desempeño |
| description |
Introduction: Recent studies on the FFT processing (Fast Fourier Transform) or DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) of the OFDM signal (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) have shown pros and cons for DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting-Second Generation Terrestrial) radio communications; however, the benefits of both types of processing have yet to be compared for the same scenario. Objective− The objective of this research is to compare the response of the wireless channel with AWGN noise (Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel) and Rayleigh and Rician fading in the UHF (Ultra High Frequency) band. Methodology: The transmission of DVB-T2 information with OFDM modulation and FFT and DWT processing was simulated in Matlab®, specifically in Simulink. Results: The results of the study proved to be more ef-ficient for DWT system than FFT system, due to the low rate of erroneous bits, spectral efficiency and reduction of the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), for Eb / No relations greater than 10dB. Conclusions: In this article, we present the designs of both systems and the results of the research experience; likewise, the practical applicability of these systems is discussed, and improvements are suggested for future work |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2018 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-05-19T17:08:33Z 2021-10-01T17:19:06Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-05-19T17:08:33Z 2021-10-01T17:19:06Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de periódico |
| dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv |
2382-4700 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/1439 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.17981/ingecuc.14.2.2018.09 |
| dc.identifier.url.none.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.14.2.2018.09 |
| identifier_str_mv |
2382-4700 10.17981/ingecuc.14.2.2018.09 |
| url |
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/1439 https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.14.2.2018.09 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv |
Vol. 14 no. 2, Julio - Diciembre, 2018. |
| dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
105 |
| dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
2 |
| dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
97 |
| dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
14 |
| dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv |
N/A |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
INGE CUC |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
M. Kolomytsey, A. Lipatov and A. Lyagoskin, “Statement of Problem for Synchronous Digital Television Network Planning”, CriMiCo, 2007, pp. 287-288. K. Abdullah and Z. Hussain, “Studies on DWT-OFDM and FFT-OFDM Systems”, ICCCP, 2009. K. Abdullah and Z. Hussain, “Impulsive Noise Effects on DWT- and WPTOFDM versus FFT-OFDM”, ICCCP, 2009. G. Cherubini, E. Eleftheriou and S. Oelser, “Filtered Multitone Modulation for High-Speed DSL”, IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 20, no. 5, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2002.1007382 H. Paz, Digital communications systems, Bogotá DC, Colombia: Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería, 2009. L. Schulze, Theory and Applications of OFDM and CDMA–Wideband Wireless Communications, UK: John Wiley and Sons, 2005, pp. 408. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470017406 ETSI Technical Specification, “Digital Video Broadcasting: System Specifications for Satellite Services to Handheld Devices (SH) below 3GHz”, ETSI TS 102-585, V.1.1.1, 2007. ETSI European Standard, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Second generation framing structure, cannel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2)”, EN 302 307 V. 1.2.1, 2008. M. García, S. Ruiz and F. Minerva, “Static delays optimization to reduce self-interference in DVB-T networks. Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB)”, IEEE PIMRC, 2010, pp. 1-6. R. Dilmirghani and M. Ghavami, “Wavelet Vs Fourier Based UWB Systems”, IEEE PIMRC, 2007, pp. 1-5. D. Gupta, H. Torry, V. Vats and K. Garg, “Performance Analysis of DFT-OFDM, DCT-OFDM and DWT-OFDM Systems in AWGN Channel”, ICWMC, 2008. S. Baig, U. Rehman and M. Mughal, “Performance comparison of DFT, discrete wavelet packet and wavelet transforms, in an OFDM transceiver for multipath fading channel”, in Proc. INMIC, 2005, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/INMIC.2005.334509 W. Saad, N. El-Fishawy, S. El-Rabaie and M. Shokair, “An Efficient Technique for OFDM System Using Discrete Wavelet Transform”. In: Bellavista P., Chang RS., Chao HC., Lin SF., Sloot P.M.A. (eds) Advances in Grid and Pervasive Computing. GPC 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol 6104, pp. 533-541. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010. P. Gonzáles, N. Pérez, J. Paredes, J. Uzcategui, J. Pena, L. da Silva, R. Lima and L. Silva, “Measurements of Terrestrial Digital TV Signals at Two Cities in South America”, EUCAP, 2010. ACIEM, “¿Qué aspectos técnicos debe contener el DVBT2?”, ACIEM, Vol. 114, pp. 21-23, March 2012. |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
9 páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad de la Costa |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Barranquilla, Colombia. |
| dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/1588 |
| institution |
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1439/4/10.17981ingecuc.14.2.2018.09.pdf.txt https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1439/6/OFDM%20comparison%20with%20FFT%20and%20DWT%20processing%20for%20DVB-T2%20wireless%20channels.pdf.txt https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1439/2/license.txt https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1439/3/OFDM%20comparison%20with%20FFT%20and%20DWT%20processing%20for%20DVB-T2%20wireless%20channels.pdf https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1439/5/10.17981ingecuc.14.2.2018.09.pdf.jpg https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1439/7/OFDM%20comparison%20with%20FFT%20and%20DWT%20processing%20for%20DVB-T2%20wireless%20channels.pdf.jpg |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
2b4ee95c9b3080ec8864b6997e689800 2b4ee95c9b3080ec8864b6997e689800 5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06e 35d9abd409d98428567ef502321d87e6 ed4c0ecc06e86f09486a9e09ad5c9c01 ed4c0ecc06e86f09486a9e09ad5c9c01 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1814355629965312000 |
| spelling |
Paz Penagos, Hernán3aaabac9a402be86f34188fea8103877600Ecitrónica2021-05-19T17:08:33Z2021-10-01T17:19:06Z2021-05-19T17:08:33Z2021-10-01T17:19:06Z20182382-4700https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/143910.17981/ingecuc.14.2.2018.09https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.14.2.2018.09Introduction: Recent studies on the FFT processing (Fast Fourier Transform) or DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) of the OFDM signal (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) have shown pros and cons for DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting-Second Generation Terrestrial) radio communications; however, the benefits of both types of processing have yet to be compared for the same scenario. Objective− The objective of this research is to compare the response of the wireless channel with AWGN noise (Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel) and Rayleigh and Rician fading in the UHF (Ultra High Frequency) band. Methodology: The transmission of DVB-T2 information with OFDM modulation and FFT and DWT processing was simulated in Matlab®, specifically in Simulink. Results: The results of the study proved to be more ef-ficient for DWT system than FFT system, due to the low rate of erroneous bits, spectral efficiency and reduction of the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), for Eb / No relations greater than 10dB. Conclusions: In this article, we present the designs of both systems and the results of the research experience; likewise, the practical applicability of these systems is discussed, and improvements are suggested for future workIntroducción: Recientes estudios sobre el procesado FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) o DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) de la señal OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) han demostrado pros y contras para comunicaciones de radio DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting – Second Generation Terrestrial); sin embargo, aún falta comparar las prestaciones de ambos tipos de procesamiento para el mismo escenario. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar la respuesta del canal inalámbrico con ruido AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel) y desvanecimiento Rayleigh y Rician en la banda de UHF (Ultra High Frequency). Metodología: Se simuló en Matlab®, específicamente en Simulink, la transmisión de información DVB-T2 con modulación OFDM y procesado FFT y DWT. Resultados: Los resultados del estudio demostraron ser más eficientes para el sistema DWT en comparación con el Sistema FFT, por la baja tasa de bits errados, eficiencia espectral y reducción del cociente entre la potencia pico a promedio (PAPR: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio), para relaciones Eb/No mayores a 10dB. Conclusiones: En este artículo se presentan los diseños de ambos sistemas y los resultados de la experiencia de investigación; así mismo, se discute la aplicabilidad práctica de estos sistemas y se sugieren mejoras para trabajos futuros.Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito. Bogotá, (Colombia) hernan.paz@escuelaing.edu.co9 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad de la CostaBarranquilla, Colombia.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/1588OFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channelsComparación OFDM con procesado FFT y DWT para canales inalámbricos DVB-T2Artículo de periódicoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Vol. 14 no. 2, Julio - Diciembre, 2018.10529714N/AINGE CUCM. Kolomytsey, A. Lipatov and A. Lyagoskin, “Statement of Problem for Synchronous Digital Television Network Planning”, CriMiCo, 2007, pp. 287-288.K. Abdullah and Z. Hussain, “Studies on DWT-OFDM and FFT-OFDM Systems”, ICCCP, 2009.K. Abdullah and Z. Hussain, “Impulsive Noise Effects on DWT- and WPTOFDM versus FFT-OFDM”, ICCCP, 2009.G. Cherubini, E. Eleftheriou and S. Oelser, “Filtered Multitone Modulation for High-Speed DSL”, IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 20, no. 5, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2002.1007382H. Paz, Digital communications systems, Bogotá DC, Colombia: Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería, 2009.L. Schulze, Theory and Applications of OFDM and CDMA–Wideband Wireless Communications, UK: John Wiley and Sons, 2005, pp. 408. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470017406ETSI Technical Specification, “Digital Video Broadcasting: System Specifications for Satellite Services to Handheld Devices (SH) below 3GHz”, ETSI TS 102-585, V.1.1.1, 2007.ETSI European Standard, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Second generation framing structure, cannel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2)”, EN 302 307 V. 1.2.1, 2008.M. García, S. Ruiz and F. Minerva, “Static delays optimization to reduce self-interference in DVB-T networks. Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB)”, IEEE PIMRC, 2010, pp. 1-6.R. Dilmirghani and M. Ghavami, “Wavelet Vs Fourier Based UWB Systems”, IEEE PIMRC, 2007, pp. 1-5.D. Gupta, H. Torry, V. Vats and K. Garg, “Performance Analysis of DFT-OFDM, DCT-OFDM and DWT-OFDM Systems in AWGN Channel”, ICWMC, 2008.S. Baig, U. Rehman and M. Mughal, “Performance comparison of DFT, discrete wavelet packet and wavelet transforms, in an OFDM transceiver for multipath fading channel”, in Proc. INMIC, 2005, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/INMIC.2005.334509W. Saad, N. El-Fishawy, S. El-Rabaie and M. Shokair, “An Efficient Technique for OFDM System Using Discrete Wavelet Transform”. In: Bellavista P., Chang RS., Chao HC., Lin SF., Sloot P.M.A. (eds) Advances in Grid and Pervasive Computing. GPC 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol 6104, pp. 533-541. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010.P. Gonzáles, N. Pérez, J. Paredes, J. Uzcategui, J. Pena, L. da Silva, R. Lima and L. Silva, “Measurements of Terrestrial Digital TV Signals at Two Cities in South America”, EUCAP, 2010.ACIEM, “¿Qué aspectos técnicos debe contener el DVBT2?”, ACIEM, Vol. 114, pp. 21-23, March 2012.Sistemas de comunicación inalámbricaWireless communication systemsWireless channelAWGN noiseFadingBroadband communicationsDWT and FFTCanal inalámbricoRuido AWGNDes-vanecimientosComunicaciones de banda anchaProcesado FFT y DWTDesempeñoTEXT10.17981ingecuc.14.2.2018.09.pdf.txt10.17981ingecuc.14.2.2018.09.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain35265https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1439/4/10.17981ingecuc.14.2.2018.09.pdf.txt2b4ee95c9b3080ec8864b6997e689800MD54open accessOFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels.pdf.txtOFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain35265https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1439/6/OFDM%20comparison%20with%20FFT%20and%20DWT%20processing%20for%20DVB-T2%20wireless%20channels.pdf.txt2b4ee95c9b3080ec8864b6997e689800MD56open accessLICENSElicense.txttext/plain1881https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1439/2/license.txt5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06eMD52open accessORIGINALOFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels.pdfapplication/pdf1270770https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1439/3/OFDM%20comparison%20with%20FFT%20and%20DWT%20processing%20for%20DVB-T2%20wireless%20channels.pdf35d9abd409d98428567ef502321d87e6MD53open accessTHUMBNAIL10.17981ingecuc.14.2.2018.09.pdf.jpg10.17981ingecuc.14.2.2018.09.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg12104https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1439/5/10.17981ingecuc.14.2.2018.09.pdf.jpged4c0ecc06e86f09486a9e09ad5c9c01MD55open accessOFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels.pdf.jpgOFDM comparison with FFT and DWT processing for DVB-T2 wireless channels.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg12104https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1439/7/OFDM%20comparison%20with%20FFT%20and%20DWT%20processing%20for%20DVB-T2%20wireless%20channels.pdf.jpged4c0ecc06e86f09486a9e09ad5c9c01MD57open access001/1439oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/14392022-08-02 03:02:54.189open accessRepositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitorepositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.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 |