How can sustainability impact corporate brand equity?

Durante los últimos años las empresas han tenido en cuenta las iniciativas ambientales en sus estrategias y procesos de producción con el objetivo de generar impactos positivos en la mente de los consumidores y por ende mejorar el valor de la empresa. La investigación estudia cuales con las iniciati...

Full description

Autores:
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Universidad del Rosario
Repositorio:
Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/32707
Acceso en línea:
https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_32707
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/32707
Palabra clave:
Brand Equity
Sustainability
Environmental innovation
Pollution Prevention
Sustainable Development
Product Stewardship
Administración & servicios auxiliares
Sustainability
Brand value
Environmental innovation
Pollution prevention
Sustainable development
Product stewardship
Rights
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
id EDOCUR2_fafeab7a414d81a8dd4fee2bf3747ccb
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/32707
network_acronym_str EDOCUR2
network_name_str Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
repository_id_str
dc.title.es.fl_str_mv How can sustainability impact corporate brand equity?
dc.title.TranslatedTitle.es.fl_str_mv ¿Cómo puede la sustentabilidad impactar el valor de la marca?
title How can sustainability impact corporate brand equity?
spellingShingle How can sustainability impact corporate brand equity?
Brand Equity
Sustainability
Environmental innovation
Pollution Prevention
Sustainable Development
Product Stewardship
Administración & servicios auxiliares
Sustainability
Brand value
Environmental innovation
Pollution prevention
Sustainable development
Product stewardship
title_short How can sustainability impact corporate brand equity?
title_full How can sustainability impact corporate brand equity?
title_fullStr How can sustainability impact corporate brand equity?
title_full_unstemmed How can sustainability impact corporate brand equity?
title_sort How can sustainability impact corporate brand equity?
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Rahman, Mahabubur
dc.subject.es.fl_str_mv Brand Equity
Sustainability
Environmental innovation
Pollution Prevention
Sustainable Development
Product Stewardship
topic Brand Equity
Sustainability
Environmental innovation
Pollution Prevention
Sustainable Development
Product Stewardship
Administración & servicios auxiliares
Sustainability
Brand value
Environmental innovation
Pollution prevention
Sustainable development
Product stewardship
dc.subject.ddc.es.fl_str_mv Administración & servicios auxiliares
dc.subject.keyword.es.fl_str_mv Sustainability
Brand value
Environmental innovation
Pollution prevention
Sustainable development
Product stewardship
description Durante los últimos años las empresas han tenido en cuenta las iniciativas ambientales en sus estrategias y procesos de producción con el objetivo de generar impactos positivos en la mente de los consumidores y por ende mejorar el valor de la empresa. La investigación estudia cuales con las iniciativas ambientales más importantes para el consumidor y por ende las que los gerentes y analistas de mercadeo deberán tener en cuenta en sus estrategias empresariales.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-10-06T21:33:07Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-10-06T21:33:07Z
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv 2021-09-24
dc.type.eng.fl_str_mv bachelorThesis
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.document.es.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado
dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_32707
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/32707
url https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_32707
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/32707
dc.language.iso.es.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.acceso.es.fl_str_mv Abierto (Texto Completo)
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Abierto (Texto Completo)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.format.extent.es.fl_str_mv 65
dc.format.mimetype.es.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad del Rosario
dc.publisher.department.none.fl_str_mv Escuela de Administración
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Administración de Negocios Internacionales
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad del Rosario
institution Universidad del Rosario
dc.source.bibliographicCitation.es.fl_str_mv - Aaker, D.A. and Biel, A.L. (1993). Brand equity & advertising: advertising’s role in building strong brands. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 67-82.
Abbott, M. (2007). Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation: An Introduction. Available at: http://qed.econ.queensu.ca/pub/faculty/abbott/econ481/481note09_f07.pdf.
Al menos 500 personas han muerto por la ola de calor en Canadá (2021). Eitb.eus. Available at: https://www.eitb.eus/es/noticias/internacional/detalle/8168404/al-menos-500-personas-han-muerto-por-ola-de-calor-en-canada/
Baumgarth, C., & Binckebanck, L. (2011). Sales force impact on B-to-B brand equity: Conceptual framework and empirical test. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 20(6), 487–498. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421111166630.
Biedenbach, G., & Marell, A. (2010). The impact of customer experience on brand equity in a business-to-business services setting. Journal of Brand Management, 17(6), 446–458. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2009.37.
- Charter, M. (1992). Greener Marketing: A responsible approach to business. Sheffield, England: Greenleaf Publishing.
Chaurasia, N. (2012). Going Lean and Green: The Coke Way. Cmuscm. Available at: http://cmuscm.blogspot.com/2012/09/going-lean-and-green-coke-way.html.
Eitelwein, O (2021). Why sustainability has become a corporate imperative. EY Parthenon. Available At: https://www.ey.com/en_gl/strategy/why-sustainability-has-become-a-corporate-imperative.
El 61% de los millennials, dispuestos a pagar más por productos sostenibles y ecológicos. (2020). CompromisoRSE. Available at: ttps://www.compromisorse.com/rse/2020/02/17/el-61-de-los-millennials-dispuestos-a-pagar-mas-por-productos-sostenibles-y-ecologicos/.
Ginsberg, J & Bloom, P. (2004). Choosing the Right Green-Marketing Strategy. MitSloan. Available at: https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/choosing-the-right-greenmarketing-strategy/.
Gómez, A. M., Ocampo, J. F. V., & Gonzalez-Perez, M. A. (2020). A literature review on the causality between sustainability and corporate reputation, what goes first? Available at: https://www-emerald-com.rennes-sb.idm.oclc.org/insight/content/doi/10.1108/MEQ-09-2019-0207/full/html
Gordon, R. (2011). A framework for sustainable marketing. Marketing Theory. Available at:https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.865.5185&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
Gorman, D (2020). Why consumers want sustainable fashion more than ever. GWI. Available: https://blog.gwi.com/chart-of-the-week/sustainable-fashion/.
Gregory, J.R. (2001). Branding Across Borders: A Guide to Global Brand Marketing. New York, USA: McGraw- Hill.
Heck, G., & Yidan, X. (2013). The Effects of Sustainable Marketing on Brand Equity and Consumer Behavior: A Case Study of Cia. Hering. Available at: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:630931/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Hopkins, I (2020). Why the call for sustainability is now louder than ever. GWI. Available at: https://blog.gwi.com/chart-of-the-week/sustainability-post-covid/.
Houlihan, M & Bonnie, H. (2018). It's Official: Customers Prefer Sustainable Companies. Entrepeneur Europe. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/324001.
Keller, K.L. (1998). Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall.
Kim, S. (2019), “The process model of corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication: CSR communication and its relationship with consumers’ CSR knowledge, trust, and corporate reputation perception”, Journal of Business Ethics, Springer Netherlands, Vol. 154 No. 4, pp. 1143-1159.
La magnitud de las inundaciones en Alemania impacta a los científicos. (2021). el diario. Available at: https://www.eldiario.es/internacional/theguardian/magnitud-inundaciones-alemania-impacta-cientificos_1_8142666.html
- La ola de calor mata a cientos de personas en Canadá y Estados Unidos. (2021). Eitb. Available at: https://www.eitb.eus/es/noticias/internacional/detalle/8164395/la-ola-de-calor-mata-a-cientos-de-personas-en-canada-y-estados-unidos/
- Lai, C.S., Chiu, C.J., Yang, C.F. and Pai, D.C. (2010), “The effects of corporate social responsibility on brand performance: the mediating effect of industrial brand equity and corporate reputation”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 95 No. 3, pp. 457-469. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226760218_The_Effects_of_Corporate_Social_Responsibility_on_Brand_Performance_The_Mediating_Effect_of_Industrial_Brand_Equity_and_Corporate_Reputation
- Mademlis, A & Werneborg, S. (2019). Improving Brand Equity with Environmental Sustainability work - a qualitative study in Sweden. Diva-portal.org. Available at: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1328053/FULLTEXT01.pdf.
Martin, D; Schouten, J. (2012). Sustainable Marketing. New Jersey: Peason. Available at: https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/program/Martin-Sustainable-Marketing/PGM126284.html
Más del 90% de la población mundial respira aire contaminado. (2019). National Geographic. Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/ciencia/actualidad/mas-del-90-poblacion-mundial-respira-aire-contaminado_10734.
Mason, M. (2018). What Is Sustainability and Why Is It Important? Environmental Science.org. Available at: https://www.environmentalscience.org/sustainability
Morris, T (2020). Green consumerism: what you need to know. GWI. Available at:https://blog.gwi.com/trends/green-consumerism/.
Potters, C. (2021) Variance Inflation Factor (VIF). Investopedia. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/variance-inflation-factor.asp
Rahman, M., Rodríguez-Serrano, M. Á., & Faroque, A. R. (2021). Corporate environmentalism and brand value: A natural resource-based perspective. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 1-17. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10696679.2021.1872387
Visser, W. (2010). The Age of Responsibility: CSR 2.0 and the New DNA of Business. ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228188599_The_Age_of_Responsibility_CSR_20_and_the_New_DNA_of_Business.
dc.source.instname.none.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad del Rosario
dc.source.reponame.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/07733503-1503-4c1a-a9e3-a5904dcb9f38/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/66168eb8-88b4-4781-8602-7c8d8f9f23c3/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/ecc8ab5f-e990-4e76-9171-ce8822c0c467/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/0d555bea-7185-4526-960c-7d959f3476be/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/b61fe35e-74de-4b34-98a5-f7cb39b436c8/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv e8d979ee12604463ee9b7e961f46242a
217700a34da79ed616c2feb68d4c5e06
fab9d9ed61d64f6ac005dee3306ae77e
04992ec71bf3cc0c1f382f296a976d16
5c73ff6c60d8a10c0fc1e8bb7576e548
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio institucional EdocUR
repository.mail.fl_str_mv edocur@urosario.edu.co
_version_ 1814167652911808512
spelling Rahman, Mahabubur497eace4-2265-41f3-8867-9178db2c4d47600Serrano Ardila, Laura CamilaAdministrador de Negocios InternacionalesPregradoFull time04e09a3f-70b0-4e90-973c-fcf1e6c14c036002021-10-06T21:33:07Z2021-10-06T21:33:07Z2021-09-24Durante los últimos años las empresas han tenido en cuenta las iniciativas ambientales en sus estrategias y procesos de producción con el objetivo de generar impactos positivos en la mente de los consumidores y por ende mejorar el valor de la empresa. La investigación estudia cuales con las iniciativas ambientales más importantes para el consumidor y por ende las que los gerentes y analistas de mercadeo deberán tener en cuenta en sus estrategias empresariales.In recent times, the awareness of companies for implementing environmental initiatives has become an important management topic. It has increased the need to study and investigate corporate environmentalism's different consequences and effects in companies. Nevertheless, previous studies have not investigated the consequences of pro-environmental initiatives in firms’ brand value. Therefore, the present study focuses on providing broader insights on how corporate environmentalism allows industrial companies to achieve a higher brand value performance by implementing and considering three areas of corporate environmentalism: environmental innovation, emission reduction, and reduction in using natural resources. The results have demonstrated that industrial companies that engage in environmental innovation reduce their use of natural resources and reduce their emissions will reward a greater brand value. Mainly, the two variables that have a higher positive impact on the brand value are environmental innovation and the reduction of using natural resources. In the case of the variable emission reduction is the one with the least contribution to brand value.65application/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.48713/10336_32707 https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/32707engUniversidad del RosarioEscuela de AdministraciónAdministración de Negocios InternacionalesAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 ColombiaAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 ColombiaAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 ColombiaAbierto (Texto Completo)EL AUTOR, manifiesta que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original y la realizó sin violar o usurpar derechos de autor de terceros, por lo tanto la obra es de exclusiva autoría y tiene la titularidad sobre la misma. PARGRAFO: En caso de presentarse cualquier reclamación o acción por parte de un tercero en cuanto a los derechos de autor sobre la obra en cuestión, EL AUTOR, asumirá toda la responsabilidad, y saldrá en defensa de los derechos aquí autorizados; para todos los efectos la universidad actúa como un tercero de buena fe. EL AUTOR, autoriza a LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO, para que en los términos establecidos en la Ley 23 de 1982, Ley 44 de 1993, Decisión andina 351 de 1993, Decreto 460 de 1995 y demás normas generales sobre la materia, utilice y use la obra objeto de la presente autorización. -------------------------------------- POLITICA DE TRATAMIENTO DE DATOS PERSONALES. Declaro que autorizo previa y de forma informada el tratamiento de mis datos personales por parte de LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO para fines académicos y en aplicación de convenios con terceros o servicios conexos con actividades propias de la academia, con estricto cumplimiento de los principios de ley. Para el correcto ejercicio de mi derecho de habeas data cuento con la cuenta de correo habeasdata@urosario.edu.co, donde previa identificación podré solicitar la consulta, corrección y supresión de mis datos.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2- Aaker, D.A. and Biel, A.L. (1993). Brand equity & advertising: advertising’s role in building strong brands. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 67-82.Abbott, M. (2007). Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation: An Introduction. Available at: http://qed.econ.queensu.ca/pub/faculty/abbott/econ481/481note09_f07.pdf.Al menos 500 personas han muerto por la ola de calor en Canadá (2021). Eitb.eus. Available at: https://www.eitb.eus/es/noticias/internacional/detalle/8168404/al-menos-500-personas-han-muerto-por-ola-de-calor-en-canada/Baumgarth, C., & Binckebanck, L. (2011). Sales force impact on B-to-B brand equity: Conceptual framework and empirical test. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 20(6), 487–498. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421111166630.Biedenbach, G., & Marell, A. (2010). The impact of customer experience on brand equity in a business-to-business services setting. Journal of Brand Management, 17(6), 446–458. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2009.37.- Charter, M. (1992). Greener Marketing: A responsible approach to business. Sheffield, England: Greenleaf Publishing.Chaurasia, N. (2012). Going Lean and Green: The Coke Way. Cmuscm. Available at: http://cmuscm.blogspot.com/2012/09/going-lean-and-green-coke-way.html.Eitelwein, O (2021). Why sustainability has become a corporate imperative. EY Parthenon. Available At: https://www.ey.com/en_gl/strategy/why-sustainability-has-become-a-corporate-imperative.El 61% de los millennials, dispuestos a pagar más por productos sostenibles y ecológicos. (2020). CompromisoRSE. Available at: ttps://www.compromisorse.com/rse/2020/02/17/el-61-de-los-millennials-dispuestos-a-pagar-mas-por-productos-sostenibles-y-ecologicos/.Ginsberg, J & Bloom, P. (2004). Choosing the Right Green-Marketing Strategy. MitSloan. Available at: https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/choosing-the-right-greenmarketing-strategy/.Gómez, A. M., Ocampo, J. F. V., & Gonzalez-Perez, M. A. (2020). A literature review on the causality between sustainability and corporate reputation, what goes first? Available at: https://www-emerald-com.rennes-sb.idm.oclc.org/insight/content/doi/10.1108/MEQ-09-2019-0207/full/htmlGordon, R. (2011). A framework for sustainable marketing. Marketing Theory. Available at:https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.865.5185&rep=rep1&type=pdf.Gorman, D (2020). Why consumers want sustainable fashion more than ever. GWI. Available: https://blog.gwi.com/chart-of-the-week/sustainable-fashion/.Gregory, J.R. (2001). Branding Across Borders: A Guide to Global Brand Marketing. New York, USA: McGraw- Hill.Heck, G., & Yidan, X. (2013). The Effects of Sustainable Marketing on Brand Equity and Consumer Behavior: A Case Study of Cia. Hering. Available at: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:630931/FULLTEXT01.pdfHopkins, I (2020). Why the call for sustainability is now louder than ever. GWI. Available at: https://blog.gwi.com/chart-of-the-week/sustainability-post-covid/.Houlihan, M & Bonnie, H. (2018). It's Official: Customers Prefer Sustainable Companies. Entrepeneur Europe. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/324001.Keller, K.L. (1998). Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall.Kim, S. (2019), “The process model of corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication: CSR communication and its relationship with consumers’ CSR knowledge, trust, and corporate reputation perception”, Journal of Business Ethics, Springer Netherlands, Vol. 154 No. 4, pp. 1143-1159.La magnitud de las inundaciones en Alemania impacta a los científicos. (2021). el diario. Available at: https://www.eldiario.es/internacional/theguardian/magnitud-inundaciones-alemania-impacta-cientificos_1_8142666.html- La ola de calor mata a cientos de personas en Canadá y Estados Unidos. (2021). Eitb. Available at: https://www.eitb.eus/es/noticias/internacional/detalle/8164395/la-ola-de-calor-mata-a-cientos-de-personas-en-canada-y-estados-unidos/- Lai, C.S., Chiu, C.J., Yang, C.F. and Pai, D.C. (2010), “The effects of corporate social responsibility on brand performance: the mediating effect of industrial brand equity and corporate reputation”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 95 No. 3, pp. 457-469. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226760218_The_Effects_of_Corporate_Social_Responsibility_on_Brand_Performance_The_Mediating_Effect_of_Industrial_Brand_Equity_and_Corporate_Reputation- Mademlis, A & Werneborg, S. (2019). Improving Brand Equity with Environmental Sustainability work - a qualitative study in Sweden. Diva-portal.org. Available at: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1328053/FULLTEXT01.pdf.Martin, D; Schouten, J. (2012). Sustainable Marketing. New Jersey: Peason. Available at: https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/program/Martin-Sustainable-Marketing/PGM126284.htmlMás del 90% de la población mundial respira aire contaminado. (2019). National Geographic. Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/ciencia/actualidad/mas-del-90-poblacion-mundial-respira-aire-contaminado_10734.Mason, M. (2018). What Is Sustainability and Why Is It Important? Environmental Science.org. Available at: https://www.environmentalscience.org/sustainabilityMorris, T (2020). Green consumerism: what you need to know. GWI. Available at:https://blog.gwi.com/trends/green-consumerism/.Potters, C. (2021) Variance Inflation Factor (VIF). Investopedia. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/variance-inflation-factor.aspRahman, M., Rodríguez-Serrano, M. Á., & Faroque, A. R. (2021). Corporate environmentalism and brand value: A natural resource-based perspective. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 1-17. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10696679.2021.1872387Visser, W. (2010). The Age of Responsibility: CSR 2.0 and the New DNA of Business. ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228188599_The_Age_of_Responsibility_CSR_20_and_the_New_DNA_of_Business.instname:Universidad del Rosarioreponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocURBrand EquitySustainabilityEnvironmental innovationPollution PreventionSustainable DevelopmentProduct StewardshipAdministración & servicios auxiliares650600SustainabilityBrand valueEnvironmental innovationPollution preventionSustainable developmentProduct stewardshipHow can sustainability impact corporate brand equity?¿Cómo puede la sustentabilidad impactar el valor de la marca?bachelorThesisTrabajo de gradoTrabajo de gradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fORIGINALSerranoArdila-LauraCamila-2021.pdfSerranoArdila-LauraCamila-2021.pdfapplication/pdf932393https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/07733503-1503-4c1a-a9e3-a5904dcb9f38/downloade8d979ee12604463ee9b7e961f46242aMD57CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8811https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/66168eb8-88b4-4781-8602-7c8d8f9f23c3/download217700a34da79ed616c2feb68d4c5e06MD59LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain1475https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/ecc8ab5f-e990-4e76-9171-ce8822c0c467/downloadfab9d9ed61d64f6ac005dee3306ae77eMD58TEXTSerranoArdila-LauraCamila-2021.pdf.txtSerranoArdila-LauraCamila-2021.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain91185https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/0d555bea-7185-4526-960c-7d959f3476be/download04992ec71bf3cc0c1f382f296a976d16MD510THUMBNAILSerranoArdila-LauraCamila-2021.pdf.jpgSerranoArdila-LauraCamila-2021.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg2191https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/b61fe35e-74de-4b34-98a5-f7cb39b436c8/download5c73ff6c60d8a10c0fc1e8bb7576e548MD51110336/32707oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/327072021-10-07 03:01:21.616http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiahttps://repository.urosario.edu.coRepositorio institucional EdocURedocur@urosario.edu.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