Landmines: The Local Effects of Demining

Las campañas de desminado son fundamentales para eliminar las minas terrestres antipersonal, una de las principales causas de victimización civil en las zonas afectadas por conflictos y un obstáculo importante para la reconstrucción de posguerra y el desarrollo a largo plazo. Argumentamos que los ef...

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Fecha de publicación:: 2021

Institución:: Universidad del Rosario

Repositorio:: Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario

Idioma:: eng

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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Landmines: The Local Effects of Demining Minas terrestres: los efectos locales del desminado
title	Landmines: The Local Effects of Demining
spellingShingle	Landmines: The Local Effects of Demining Minas terrestres Desminado Conflicto Paz Desarrollo local Análisis del impacto sobre al economía de los proceso de desminado humanitario Conflicto y posconflicto en Colombia Impacto en el desarrollo local de las minas antipersona Evaluación de los procesos de desmina humanitario durante el conflicto y el postconflicto Problemas sociales & bienestar social en general D74 P48 Q56 I25 Landmines Demining Conflict Peace Local development Analysis of the impact on the economy of the humanitarian demining process Conflict and post-conflict in Colombia Impact on local development of antipersonnel mines Assessment of humanitarian demining processes during conflict and post-conflict
title_short	Landmines: The Local Effects of Demining
title_full	Landmines: The Local Effects of Demining
title_fullStr	Landmines: The Local Effects of Demining
title_full_unstemmed	Landmines: The Local Effects of Demining
title_sort	Landmines: The Local Effects of Demining
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Minas terrestres Desminado Conflicto Paz Desarrollo local Análisis del impacto sobre al economía de los proceso de desminado humanitario Conflicto y posconflicto en Colombia Impacto en el desarrollo local de las minas antipersona Evaluación de los procesos de desmina humanitario durante el conflicto y el postconflicto Problemas sociales & bienestar social en general D74 P48 Q56 I25 Landmines Demining Conflict Peace Local development Analysis of the impact on the economy of the humanitarian demining process Conflict and post-conflict in Colombia Impact on local development of antipersonnel mines Assessment of humanitarian demining processes during conflict and post-conflict
topic	Minas terrestres Desminado Conflicto Paz Desarrollo local Análisis del impacto sobre al economía de los proceso de desminado humanitario Conflicto y posconflicto en Colombia Impacto en el desarrollo local de las minas antipersona Evaluación de los procesos de desmina humanitario durante el conflicto y el postconflicto Problemas sociales & bienestar social en general D74 P48 Q56 I25 Landmines Demining Conflict Peace Local development Analysis of the impact on the economy of the humanitarian demining process Conflict and post-conflict in Colombia Impact on local development of antipersonnel mines Assessment of humanitarian demining processes during conflict and post-conflict
description	Las campañas de desminado son fundamentales para eliminar las minas terrestres antipersonal, una de las principales causas de victimización civil en las zonas afectadas por conflictos y un obstáculo importante para la reconstrucción de posguerra y el desarrollo a largo plazo. Argumentamos que los efectos económicos positivos documentados de las campañas de remoción de minas probablemente no sean el caso si las operaciones de remoción de minas tienen lugar mientras los conflictos están en curso o si son solo parciales. Utilizando datos altamente desagregados sobre las operaciones de desminado en Colombia de 2004 a 2019 y aprovechando la moda escalonada del desminado, encontramos que solo el desminado humanitario posterior al conflicto genera crecimiento económico (measured with nighttime light density) y aumenta el desempeño de los estudiantes en los puntajes de las pruebas. De tal forma, la actividad económica no reacciona a los eventos de desminado posteriores al conflicto que se llevan a cabo durante las operaciones militares y disminuye si el desminado se lleva a cabo mientras el conflicto está en curso. De igual forma es más probable que esos tipos de desminado exacerben las actividades extractivas que no se manifiestan en un mayor crecimiento económico, sino que aumentan la deforestación.
publishDate	2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2021-09-16 2021-09-20T13:24:36Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_32476 https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/32476
url	https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_32476 https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/32476
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv	https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000092/019588.html https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000092/019588.html
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dc.format.none.fl_str_mv	101 pp. application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Universidad del Rosario Facultad de Economía
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Universidad del Rosario Facultad de Economía
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv	Abadie, A. (2005): “Semiparametric difference-in-differences estimators,” The Review of Economic Studies, 72, 1–19. Acemoglu, D., S. Johnson, and J. A. Robinson (2002): “Reversal of fortune: Geography and institutions in the making of the modern world income distribution,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117, 1231–1294. Acevedo, K., I. D. Bornacelly Olivella, et al. (2014): “Panel municipal del CEDE,” Arcand, J.-L., A.-S. Rodella-Boitreaud, and M. Rieger (2015): “The impact of land mines on child health: Evidence from Angola,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 63, 249–279. Bellemare, M. F. and C. J. Wichman (2020): “Elasticities and the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation,” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 82, 50–61. Bleakley, H. and J. Lin (2012): “Portage and Path Dependence,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127, 587–644. Borusyak, K., X. Jaravel, and J. Spiess (2021): “Revisiting event study designs: Robust and efficient estimation,” Tech. rep., Working Paper. Callaway, B. and P. H. Sant’Anna (2020): “Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods,” Journal of Econometrics. Camp, M. J., J. L. Rachlow, R. Cisneros, D. Roon, and R. J. Camp (2016): “Evaluation of global positioning system telemetry collar performance in the tropical Andes of southern Ecuador,” Natureza & Conserva¸c˜ao, 14, 128–131. CERAC (2016): “Un a˜no de desescalamiento: conflicto casi detenido, pero que se resiste a desaparecer,” Monitor de Desescalamiento del Conflicto Armado Interno en Colombia, 12 Chiovelli, G., S. Michalopoulos, and E. Papaioannou (2019): “Landmines and spatial development,” Tech. rep. CNMH (2017): La guerra escondida: Minas Antipersonal y Remanentes Explosivos en Colombia, Centro Nacional de Memoria Historica. De Chaisemartin, C. and X. d’Haultfoeuille (2020): “Two-way fixed effects estimators with heterogeneous treatment effects,” American Economic Review, 110, 2964–96 Dell, M. and P. Querubin (2018): “Nation building through foreign intervention: Evidence from discontinuities in military strategies,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133, 701–764. Doswald-Beck, L., P. Herby, and J. Dorais-Slakmon (1995): “Basic Facts: the human cost of landmines,” Tech. rep., International Committee of the Red Cross. Fergusson, L., P. Querubin, N. A. Ruiz, and J. F. Vargas (2021): “The Real Winner’s Curse,” American Journal of Political Science, 65, 52–68 Fick, S. E. and R. J. Hijmans (2017): “WorldClim 2: new 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas,” International Journal of Climatology, 37, 4302–4315. Fundacion Seguridad y Democracia ´ (2006): INFORME ESPECIAL Conflicto y minas antipersonal en Colombia. Garzon, J. C., J. D. Gelvez, and J. L. Bernal ´ (2019): “En que va la sustitucion de cultivos ilicitos? Desafios, dilemas actuales y la urgencia de un consenso,” Tech. rep., Fundacion Ideas para la Paz. Goldblatt, R., M. F. Stuhlmacher, B. Tellman, N. Clinton, G. Hanson, M. Georgescu, C. Wang, F. Serrano-Candela, A. Khandelwal, W.-H. Cheng, and R. C. Balling Jr (2018): “Using Landsat and nighttime lights for supervised pixel-based image classification of urban land cover,” Remote Sensing of Environment, 205 Gomez Montoya, L. F., L. M. Rangel Diaz, A. Molano, A. Harker, S. Gomez, J. C. Cristancho, et al. (2018): “Aproximaciones ecológicas al clima escolar en Bogotá: perfiles de riesgo, asociaciones con desempeño escolar y entornos escolares,” . Goodman-Bacon, A. (2021): “Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing,” Journal of Econometrics Hall, B. (2017): “Top 10 Facts about Landmines,” Tech. rep., The Borgen Project. Hansen, M. C., P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S. A. Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S. V. Stehman, S. J. Goetz, T. R. Loveland, et al. (2013): “High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change,” science, 342, 850–853. Harding, R., M. Prem, N. A. Ruiz, and D. Vargas (2021): “Buying a Blind Eye: Campaign Donations, Forbearance, and Deforestation in Colombia,” Forbearance, and Deforestation in Colombia (June 17, 2021). Heckman, J. J., H. Ichimura, and P. E. Todd (1997): “Matching as an econometric evaluation estimator: Evidence from evaluating a job training programme,” The review of economic studies, 64, 605–654. Henderson, V., A. Storeygard, and D. N. Weil (2011): “A bright idea for measuring economic growth,” American Economic Review, 101, 194–99. ICFES (2019): “Documentacion del examen Saber 11,” Report, Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluacion de la Educacion Idrobo, N., D. Mej´ıa, and A. M. Tribin (2014): “Illegal gold mining and violence in Colombia,” Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 20, 83–111. Indepaz (2008): “Informe de Paraeconom´ıa y Narcoparamilitares en el 2008,” Punto de Encuentro, 52. INDEPAZ (2020): Macrocriminalidad con licencia legal Urab´a-Dari´en 1980-2014. Kalyvas, S. N. (2006): The Logic of Violence in Civil War, Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics, Cambridge University Press. INDEPAZ (2020): Macrocriminalidad con licencia legal Uraba-Darien 1980-2014. Kalyvas, S. N. (2006): The Logic of Violence in Civil War, Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics, Cambridge University Press. Landmine Monitor (2019a): “Landmine Monitor 2017,” Discussion paper, International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and the Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC). Landmine Monitor (2019b): “Landmine Monitor 2019,” Discussion paper, International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and the Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC). Li, X., Y. Zhou, M. Zhao, and X. Zhao (2020): “A harmonized global nighttime light dataset 1992–2018,” Scientific data, 7, 1–9. Lin, E. (2020): “How war changes land: Soil fertility, unexploded bombs, and the underdevelopment of Cambodia,” American Journal of Political Science. Marcus, M. and P. H. Sant’Anna (2021): “The role of parallel trends in event study settings: An application to environmental economics,” Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 8, 235–275. Merrouche, O. (2008): “Landmines and poverty: IV evidence from Mozambique,” Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 14, 23–38 Merrouche, O. (2011): “The long term educational cost of war: Evidence from landmine contamination in Cambodia,” The Journal of Development Studies, 47, 399–416. Michalopoulos, S. and E. Papaioannou (2013): “Pre-Colonial Ethnic Institutions and Contemporary African Development,” Econometrica, 81, 113–152. Miguel, E. and G. Roland (2011): “The long-run impact of bombing Vietnam,” Journal of Development Economics, 96, 1–15. Mutual-Co (2021): “EXTERNAL EVALUATION: COMPREHENSIVE MINE ACTION IN ALGECIRAS. PROJECT NO. 7F-09980.02.01,” . Nunn, N. and D. Puga (2012): “Ruggedness: The blessing of bad geography in Africa,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 94, 20–36. Parker, A. (2018): “The Effects of Landmines in Poor Countries,” Prem, M., A. Rivera, D. Romero, and J. F. Vargas (2021a): “Selective civilian targeting: The unintended consequences of partial peace,” Quarterly Journal of Political Science Prem, M., S. Saavedra, and J. F. Vargas (2020): “End-of-conflict deforestation: Evidence from Colombia’s peace agreement,” World Development, 129, 104852. Prem, M., J. F. Vargas, and D. Mej´ıa (2021b): “The rise and persistence of illegal crops: Evidence from a naive policy announcement,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 1–42. Prem, M., J. F. Vargas, and O. Namen (2021c): “The human capital peace dividend,” Journal of Human Resources, 0320–10805R2. Procuraduria (2011): El Desminado Humanitario en Colombia, Procuraduria general de la Nacion. Rambachan, A. and J. Roth (2021): “An honest approach to parallel trends,” Working paper Riano, J. F. and F. Valencia Caicedo ˜ (2020): “Collateral damage: The legacy of the secret war in Laos,” Available at SSRN 3678347. Roth, J. (2021): “Pre-test with caution: Event-study estimates after testing for parallel trends,” Working paper Sant’Anna, P. H. and J. Zhao (2020): “Doubly robust difference-in-differences estimators,” Journal of Econometrics, 219, 101–122. Stevens, F. R., A. E. Gaughan, C. Linard, and A. J. Tatem (2015): “Disaggregating census data for population mapping using random forests with remotely-sensed and ancillary data,” PloS one, 10, e0107042. Storeygard, A. (2016): “Farther on down the road: Transport costs, trade and urban growth in sub-Saharan Africa,” The Review of Economic Studies, 83, 1263–1295. UNODC (2020): “Colombia alluvial gold exploitation: Evidence from remote sensing 2019,” Wooldridge, J. (2021): “Two-Way Fixed Effects, the Two-Way Mundlak Regression, and Difference-in-Differences Estimators,” Available at SSRN 3906345. instname:Universidad del Rosario reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR
instname_str	Universidad del Rosario
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spelling	Landmines: The Local Effects of DeminingMinas terrestres: los efectos locales del desminadoMinas terrestresDesminadoConflictoPazDesarrollo localAnálisis del impacto sobre al economía de los proceso de desminado humanitarioConflicto y posconflicto en ColombiaImpacto en el desarrollo local de las minas antipersonaEvaluación de los procesos de desmina humanitario durante el conflicto y el postconflictoProblemas sociales & bienestar social en generalD74P48Q56I25LandminesDeminingConflictPeaceLocal developmentAnalysis of the impact on the economy of the humanitarian demining processConflict and post-conflict in ColombiaImpact on local development of antipersonnel minesAssessment of humanitarian demining processes during conflict and post-conflictLas campañas de desminado son fundamentales para eliminar las minas terrestres antipersonal, una de las principales causas de victimización civil en las zonas afectadas por conflictos y un obstáculo importante para la reconstrucción de posguerra y el desarrollo a largo plazo. Argumentamos que los efectos económicos positivos documentados de las campañas de remoción de minas probablemente no sean el caso si las operaciones de remoción de minas tienen lugar mientras los conflictos están en curso o si son solo parciales. Utilizando datos altamente desagregados sobre las operaciones de desminado en Colombia de 2004 a 2019 y aprovechando la moda escalonada del desminado, encontramos que solo el desminado humanitario posterior al conflicto genera crecimiento económico (measured with nighttime light density) y aumenta el desempeño de los estudiantes en los puntajes de las pruebas. De tal forma, la actividad económica no reacciona a los eventos de desminado posteriores al conflicto que se llevan a cabo durante las operaciones militares y disminuye si el desminado se lleva a cabo mientras el conflicto está en curso. De igual forma es más probable que esos tipos de desminado exacerben las actividades extractivas que no se manifiestan en un mayor crecimiento económico, sino que aumentan la deforestación.Demining campaigns are key to remove anti-personnel landmines, one of the main causes of civilian victimization in conflict-affected areas and a significant obstacle for post-war reconstruction and long-term development. We argue that the documented positive economic effects of mines' clearance campaigns is likely not the case if demining operations take place while conflicts are ongoing or if they are only partial. Using highly disaggregated data on demining operations in Colombia from 2004 to 2019 and exploiting the staggered fashion of demining, we find that only post-conflict humanitarian demining generates economic growth (measured with nighttime light density) and increases students' performance in test scores. In contrast, economic activity does not react to post-conflict demining events carried out during military operations, and it decreases if demining takes place while the conflict is ongoing. Rather, those types of demining are more likely to exacerbate extractive activities that do not manifest in higher economic growth but increase deforestation instead.Universidad del RosarioFacultad de Economía2021-09-162021-09-20T13:24:36Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaperhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bccehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8042101 pp.application/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.48713/10336_32476 https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/32476Abadie, A. (2005): “Semiparametric difference-in-differences estimators,” The Review of Economic Studies, 72, 1–19.Acemoglu, D., S. Johnson, and J. A. Robinson (2002): “Reversal of fortune: Geography and institutions in the making of the modern world income distribution,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117, 1231–1294.Acevedo, K., I. D. Bornacelly Olivella, et al. (2014): “Panel municipal del CEDE,”Arcand, J.-L., A.-S. Rodella-Boitreaud, and M. Rieger (2015): “The impact of land mines on child health: Evidence from Angola,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 63, 249–279.Bellemare, M. F. and C. J. Wichman (2020): “Elasticities and the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation,” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 82, 50–61.Bleakley, H. and J. Lin (2012): “Portage and Path Dependence,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127, 587–644.Borusyak, K., X. Jaravel, and J. Spiess (2021): “Revisiting event study designs: Robust and efficient estimation,” Tech. rep., Working Paper.Callaway, B. and P. H. Sant’Anna (2020): “Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods,” Journal of Econometrics.Camp, M. J., J. L. Rachlow, R. Cisneros, D. Roon, and R. J. Camp (2016): “Evaluation of global positioning system telemetry collar performance in the tropical Andes of southern Ecuador,” Natureza & Conserva¸c˜ao, 14, 128–131.CERAC (2016): “Un a˜no de desescalamiento: conflicto casi detenido, pero que se resiste a desaparecer,” Monitor de Desescalamiento del Conflicto Armado Interno en Colombia, 12Chiovelli, G., S. Michalopoulos, and E. Papaioannou (2019): “Landmines and spatial development,” Tech. rep.CNMH (2017): La guerra escondida: Minas Antipersonal y Remanentes Explosivos en Colombia, Centro Nacional de Memoria Historica.De Chaisemartin, C. and X. d’Haultfoeuille (2020): “Two-way fixed effects estimators with heterogeneous treatment effects,” American Economic Review, 110, 2964–96Dell, M. and P. Querubin (2018): “Nation building through foreign intervention: Evidence from discontinuities in military strategies,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133, 701–764.Doswald-Beck, L., P. Herby, and J. Dorais-Slakmon (1995): “Basic Facts: the human cost of landmines,” Tech. rep., International Committee of the Red Cross.Fergusson, L., P. Querubin, N. A. Ruiz, and J. F. Vargas (2021): “The Real Winner’s Curse,” American Journal of Political Science, 65, 52–68Fick, S. E. and R. J. Hijmans (2017): “WorldClim 2: new 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas,” International Journal of Climatology, 37, 4302–4315.Fundacion Seguridad y Democracia ´ (2006): INFORME ESPECIAL Conflicto y minas antipersonal en Colombia.Garzon, J. C., J. D. Gelvez, and J. L. Bernal ´ (2019): “En que va la sustitucion de cultivos ilicitos? Desafios, dilemas actuales y la urgencia de un consenso,” Tech. rep., Fundacion Ideas para la Paz.Goldblatt, R., M. F. Stuhlmacher, B. Tellman, N. Clinton, G. Hanson, M. Georgescu, C. Wang, F. Serrano-Candela, A. Khandelwal, W.-H. Cheng, and R. C. Balling Jr (2018): “Using Landsat and nighttime lights for supervised pixel-based image classification of urban land cover,” Remote Sensing of Environment, 205Gomez Montoya, L. F., L. M. Rangel Diaz, A. Molano, A. Harker, S. Gomez, J. C. Cristancho, et al. (2018): “Aproximaciones ecológicas al clima escolar en Bogotá: perfiles de riesgo, asociaciones con desempeño escolar y entornos escolares,” .Goodman-Bacon, A. (2021): “Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing,” Journal of EconometricsHall, B. (2017): “Top 10 Facts about Landmines,” Tech. rep., The Borgen Project.Hansen, M. C., P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S. A. Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S. V. Stehman, S. J. Goetz, T. R. Loveland, et al. (2013): “High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change,” science, 342, 850–853.Harding, R., M. Prem, N. A. Ruiz, and D. Vargas (2021): “Buying a Blind Eye: Campaign Donations, Forbearance, and Deforestation in Colombia,” Forbearance, and Deforestation in Colombia (June 17, 2021).Heckman, J. J., H. Ichimura, and P. E. Todd (1997): “Matching as an econometric evaluation estimator: Evidence from evaluating a job training programme,” The review of economic studies, 64, 605–654.Henderson, V., A. Storeygard, and D. N. Weil (2011): “A bright idea for measuring economic growth,” American Economic Review, 101, 194–99.ICFES (2019): “Documentacion del examen Saber 11,” Report, Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluacion de la EducacionIdrobo, N., D. Mej´ıa, and A. M. Tribin (2014): “Illegal gold mining and violence in Colombia,” Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 20, 83–111.Indepaz (2008): “Informe de Paraeconom´ıa y Narcoparamilitares en el 2008,” Punto de Encuentro, 52.INDEPAZ (2020): Macrocriminalidad con licencia legal Urab´a-Dari´en 1980-2014. Kalyvas, S. N. (2006): The Logic of Violence in Civil War, Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics, Cambridge University Press.INDEPAZ (2020): Macrocriminalidad con licencia legal Uraba-Darien 1980-2014.Kalyvas, S. N. (2006): The Logic of Violence in Civil War, Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics, Cambridge University Press.Landmine Monitor (2019a): “Landmine Monitor 2017,” Discussion paper, International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and the Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC).Landmine Monitor (2019b): “Landmine Monitor 2019,” Discussion paper, International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and the Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC).Li, X., Y. Zhou, M. Zhao, and X. Zhao (2020): “A harmonized global nighttime light dataset 1992–2018,” Scientific data, 7, 1–9.Lin, E. (2020): “How war changes land: Soil fertility, unexploded bombs, and the underdevelopment of Cambodia,” American Journal of Political Science.Marcus, M. and P. H. Sant’Anna (2021): “The role of parallel trends in event study settings: An application to environmental economics,” Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 8, 235–275.Merrouche, O. (2008): “Landmines and poverty: IV evidence from Mozambique,” Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 14, 23–38Merrouche, O. (2011): “The long term educational cost of war: Evidence from landmine contamination in Cambodia,” The Journal of Development Studies, 47, 399–416.Michalopoulos, S. and E. Papaioannou (2013): “Pre-Colonial Ethnic Institutions and Contemporary African Development,” Econometrica, 81, 113–152.Miguel, E. and G. Roland (2011): “The long-run impact of bombing Vietnam,” Journal of Development Economics, 96, 1–15.Mutual-Co (2021): “EXTERNAL EVALUATION: COMPREHENSIVE MINE ACTION IN ALGECIRAS. PROJECT NO. 7F-09980.02.01,” .Nunn, N. and D. Puga (2012): “Ruggedness: The blessing of bad geography in Africa,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 94, 20–36.Parker, A. (2018): “The Effects of Landmines in Poor Countries,”Prem, M., A. Rivera, D. Romero, and J. F. Vargas (2021a): “Selective civilian targeting: The unintended consequences of partial peace,” Quarterly Journal of Political SciencePrem, M., S. Saavedra, and J. F. Vargas (2020): “End-of-conflict deforestation: Evidence from Colombia’s peace agreement,” World Development, 129, 104852.Prem, M., J. F. Vargas, and D. Mej´ıa (2021b): “The rise and persistence of illegal crops: Evidence from a naive policy announcement,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 1–42.Prem, M., J. F. Vargas, and O. Namen (2021c): “The human capital peace dividend,” Journal of Human Resources, 0320–10805R2.Procuraduria (2011): El Desminado Humanitario en Colombia, Procuraduria general de la Nacion.Rambachan, A. and J. Roth (2021): “An honest approach to parallel trends,” Working paperRiano, J. F. and F. Valencia Caicedo ˜ (2020): “Collateral damage: The legacy of the secret war in Laos,” Available at SSRN 3678347.Roth, J. (2021): “Pre-test with caution: Event-study estimates after testing for parallel trends,” Working paperSant’Anna, P. H. and J. Zhao (2020): “Doubly robust difference-in-differences estimators,” Journal of Econometrics, 219, 101–122.Stevens, F. R., A. E. Gaughan, C. Linard, and A. J. Tatem (2015): “Disaggregating census data for population mapping using random forests with remotely-sensed and ancillary data,” PloS one, 10, e0107042.Storeygard, A. (2016): “Farther on down the road: Transport costs, trade and urban growth in sub-Saharan Africa,” The Review of Economic Studies, 83, 1263–1295.UNODC (2020): “Colombia alluvial gold exploitation: Evidence from remote sensing 2019,”Wooldridge, J. (2021): “Two-Way Fixed Effects, the Two-Way Mundlak Regression, and Difference-in-Differences Estimators,” Available at SSRN 3906345.instname:Universidad del Rosarioreponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocURenghttps://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000092/019588.htmlhttps://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000092/019588.htmlhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Prem, MounuPurroy, Miguel E.Vargas Duque, Juan Fernandooai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/324762021-09-23T03:02:36Z

Landmines: The Local Effects of Demining

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