Lumbar estrecho: experiencia de 10 años en la fundación santa fé de Bogotá

El canal lumbar estrecho de tipo degenerativo, es una enfermedad que se presenta en pacientes entre la quinta y la sexta década de vida; es la causa más común de cirugía lumbar después de los 65 años. Este trabajo busca determinar cuáles son los factores asociados a la presentación de eventos advers...

Full description

Autores:
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2015
Institución:
Universidad del Rosario
Repositorio:
Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/11332
Acceso en línea:
https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_11332
http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/11332
Palabra clave:
Obesidad
Estenosis espinal
Hospitalización
Cirugía
Enfermedades de la columna vertebral
Varias ramas de la medicina, Cirugía
spinal stenosis
obesity
hospitalization
surgery
spinal diseases
Epidemiología
Cirugía de la columna vertebral
Enfermedades de la columna vertebral
Complicaciones posoperatorias
Rights
License
Abierto (Texto Completo)
id EDOCUR2_ce87611e6610baac735de7640c006ca6
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/11332
network_acronym_str EDOCUR2
network_name_str Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Lumbar estrecho: experiencia de 10 años en la fundación santa fé de Bogotá
title Lumbar estrecho: experiencia de 10 años en la fundación santa fé de Bogotá
spellingShingle Lumbar estrecho: experiencia de 10 años en la fundación santa fé de Bogotá
Obesidad
Estenosis espinal
Hospitalización
Cirugía
Enfermedades de la columna vertebral
Varias ramas de la medicina, Cirugía
spinal stenosis
obesity
hospitalization
surgery
spinal diseases
Epidemiología
Cirugía de la columna vertebral
Enfermedades de la columna vertebral
Complicaciones posoperatorias
title_short Lumbar estrecho: experiencia de 10 años en la fundación santa fé de Bogotá
title_full Lumbar estrecho: experiencia de 10 años en la fundación santa fé de Bogotá
title_fullStr Lumbar estrecho: experiencia de 10 años en la fundación santa fé de Bogotá
title_full_unstemmed Lumbar estrecho: experiencia de 10 años en la fundación santa fé de Bogotá
title_sort Lumbar estrecho: experiencia de 10 años en la fundación santa fé de Bogotá
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Torres de Galvis, Yolanda
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Obesidad
Estenosis espinal
Hospitalización
Cirugía
Enfermedades de la columna vertebral
topic Obesidad
Estenosis espinal
Hospitalización
Cirugía
Enfermedades de la columna vertebral
Varias ramas de la medicina, Cirugía
spinal stenosis
obesity
hospitalization
surgery
spinal diseases
Epidemiología
Cirugía de la columna vertebral
Enfermedades de la columna vertebral
Complicaciones posoperatorias
dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv Varias ramas de la medicina, Cirugía
dc.subject.keyword.eng.fl_str_mv spinal stenosis
obesity
hospitalization
surgery
spinal diseases
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv Epidemiología
Cirugía de la columna vertebral
Enfermedades de la columna vertebral
Complicaciones posoperatorias
description El canal lumbar estrecho de tipo degenerativo, es una enfermedad que se presenta en pacientes entre la quinta y la sexta década de vida; es la causa más común de cirugía lumbar después de los 65 años. Este trabajo busca determinar cuáles son los factores asociados a la presentación de eventos adversos o re-intervención en cirugía de canal lumbar estrecho en la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá en los años comprendidos entre 2003 y 2013. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de prevalencia de tipo analítico, en donde se analizaron 249 pacientes sometidos a intervención quirúrgica por cirugía de canal lumbar estrecho.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2015-11-06T17:18:20Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2015-11-06T17:18:20Z
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv 2015-08
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2015
dc.type.eng.fl_str_mv bachelorThesis
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_11332
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/11332
url https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_11332
http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/11332
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.acceso.spa.fl_str_mv Abierto (Texto Completo)
rights_invalid_str_mv Abierto (Texto Completo)
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad del Rosario
dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de medicina
institution Universidad del Rosario
dc.source.bibliographicCitation.none.fl_str_mv Chad DA. Lumbar spinal stenosis. Neurol Clin. Elsevier; 2007;25(2):407–18.
Watters WC, Baisden J, Gilbert TJ, Kreiner S, Resnick DK, Bono CM, et al. Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. spine J. Elsevier; 2008;8(2):305–10.
Zak PJ. Surgical management of spinal stenosis. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. Elsevier; 2003;14(1):143–55
Katz JN, Lipson SJ, Chang LC, Levine SA, Fossel AH, Liang MH. Seven‐to 10‐year Outcome of Decompressive Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 1996;21(1):92–7.
Tosteson ANA, Skinner JS, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, Andersson G, Berven S, et al. The cost effectiveness of surgical versus non-operative treatment for lumbar disc herniation over two years: evidence from the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). Spine (Phila Pa 1976). NIH Public Access; 2008;33(19):2108.
Hara N, Oka H, Yamazaki T, Takeshita K, Murakami M, Hoshi K, et al. Predictors of residual symptoms in lower extremities after decompression surgery on lumbar spinal stenosis. Eur Spine J. Springer; 2010;19(11):1849–54.
Weinstein JN, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, Tosteson ANA, Blood E, Hanscom B, et al. Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med. Mass Medical Soc; 2008;358(8):794–810.
Pereira R. Estenosis crónica adquirida del canal lumbar [Internet]. 2007. Available from: http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/sitios/neuroc/guias_terap__estenosis_lumbar_parte_i[1].pdf
Athiviraham A, Yen D. Is spinal stenosis better treated surgically or nonsurgically? Clin Orthop Relat Res. LWW; 2007;458:90–3.
Djurasovic M, Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Dimar JR. Contemporary management of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis. Orthop Clin North Am. Elsevier; 2010;41(2):183–91.
Gilbert T, Kreiner DS, Resnick D, O’Neill C, Reitman C, Shaffer WO, et al. NASS Clinical Guidelines Committee William C. Watters III, MD, Committee Chair Jamie Baisden, MD, Surgical Treatment Chair.
Botwin KP, Gruber RD. Lumbar spinal stenosis: anatomy and pathogenesis. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. Elsevier; 2003;14(1):1–15.
Deyo RA, Weinstein JN. Low Back Pain. N Engl J Med [Internet]. Massachusetts Medical Society; 2001 Feb 1;344(5):363–70. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200102013440508
Furman M, Puttlitz K, Panullo R. Spinal stenosis and neurogenic claudication. eMedicine Clin Knowl Base [Internet]. 2006; Available from: http://www.imedicine.com/DisplayTopic.asp?bookid=11&topic=133
Akuthota V, Lento P, Sowa G. Pathogenesis of lumbar spinal stenosis pain: why does an asymptomatic stenotic patient flare? Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. Elsevier; 2003;14(1):17–28.
Joaquim AF, Sansur CA, Hamilton DK, Shaffrey CI. Degenerative lumbar stenosis: update. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. SciELO Brasil; 2009;67(2B):553–8.
Spivak J, Bendo J. Trastornos degenerativos de la columna lumbar. Orthop Knowl Updat 7. 2007;596–600.
Kalff R, Ewald C, Waschke A, Gobisch L, Hopf C. Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis in older people: current treatment options. Dtsch Arztebl Int. Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH; 2013;110(37):613.
Tosteson ANA, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, Skinner JS, Herkowitz H, Albert T, et al. Surgical treatment of spinal stenosis with and without degenerative spondylolisthesis: cost-effectiveness after 2 years. Ann Intern Med. Am Coll Physicians; 2008;149(12):845–53.
Whitman JM, Flynn TW, Fritz JM. Nonsurgical management of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a literature review and a case series of three patients managed with physical therapy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. Elsevier; 2003;14(1):77–101.
Omidi-Kashani F, Hasankhani EG, Ashjazadeh A. Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Who Should Be Fused? An Updated Review. Asian Spine J. 2014;8(4):521–30.
Asgarzadie F, Khoo LT. Minimally invasive operative management for lumbar spinal stenosis: overview of early and long-term outcomes. Orthop Clin North Am. Elsevier; 2007;38(3):387–99.
Patel AT, Ogle AA. Diagnosis and management of acute low back pain. Am Fam Physician. 2000;61(6):1779–86.
Giraldo HJU, Zuluaga CDH, Berrío CC. Semiología del dolor lumbar. Rev Médica Risaralda. 2010;16(2).
Herrera Rodríguez A, Vela Rodríaguez J. Estenosis de canal lumbar. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2002 Aug 1 [cited 2015 Jun 19];46(04):351–72. Available from: http://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-revista-espanola-cirugia-ortopedica-traumatologia-129-articulo-estenosis-canal-lumbar-13037553
Verbiest H. A radicular syndrome from developmental narrowing of the lumbar vertebral canal. J Bone Jt Surgery, Br Vol. British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery; 1954;36(2):230–7
Saifuddin A. The imaging of lumbar spinal stenosis: review. Clin Radiol. Elsevier; 2000;55(8):581–9
Fortin JD, Wheeler MT. Imaging in lumbar spinal stenosis. Pain Physician. 2004;7(1
Steurer J, Roner S, Gnannt R, Hodler J. Quantitative radiologic criteria for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic literature review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. BioMed Central Ltd; 2011;12(1):175.
Sengupta DK, Herkowitz HN. Lumbar spinal stenosis: treatment strategies and indications for surgery. Orthop Clin North Am. Elsevier; 2003;34(2):281–95.
Okubadejo GO, Buchowski JM. Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. The textbook of spinal surgery. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 394–401.
Zingg PO, Boos N. Lumbar spinal stenosis. Spinal Disorders Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment. 1st ed. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2008. p. 513–37.
Hopp E, Tsou PM. Postdecompression lumbar instability. Clin Orthop Relat Res. LWW; 1988;227:143–51.
Senegas J, Etchevers JP, Vital JM, Baulny D, Grenier F. Recalibration of the lumbar canal, an alternative to laminectomy in the treatment of lumbar canal stenosis. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 1987;74(1):15–22.
Russel M, Handley E. Surgical management of lumbar spinal stenosis. Part I: Indications, techniques, and results of descompresive laminectomy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999;806f – 806m.
Lee CK, Rauschning W, Glenn W. Lateral lumbar spinal canal stenosis: classification, pathologic anatomy and surgical decompression. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 1988;13(3):313–20.
Thomé C, Zevgaridis D, Leheta O, Bäzner H, Pöckler-Schöniger C, Wöhrle J, et al. Outcome after less-invasive decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized comparison of unilateral laminotomy, bilateral laminotomy, and laminectomy. J Neurosurg Spine. Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group; 2005;3(2):129–41.
Herkowitz HN. Surgical management of spinal stenosis. American Academy Of Orthopaedics Surgeron Meeting (AAOS) Instructional Course Lecture. Atlanta, Georgia; 1996.
Martin BI, Mirza SK, Comstock BA, Gray DT, Kreuter W, Deyo RA. Reoperation rates following lumbar spine surgery and the influence of spinal fusion procedures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 2007;32(3):382–7.
Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Loeser JD, Bigos SJ, Ciol MA. Morbidity and mortality in association with operations on the lumbar spine. The influence of age, diagnosis, and procedure. J Bone Jt Surg. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.; 1992;74(4):536–43.
Silvers HR, Lewis PJ, Asch HL. Decompressive lumbar laminectomy for spinal stenosis. J Neurosurg. Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group; 1993;78(5):695–701.
Katz JN. Lumbar Spinal Fusions: Surgical Rates, Costs, and Complications. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 1995;20:84S.
Kaloostian P, Gokaslan Z. Surgical Versus Non-surgical Management of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. Curr Phys Med Rehabil Reports [Internet]. Springer US; 2013;1(3):169–73. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40141-013-0018-x
Machado GC, Ferreira PH, Harris IA, Pinheiro MB, Koes BW, van Tulder M, et al. Effectiveness of Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. Public Library of Science; 2015;10(3).
Amundsen T, Weber H, Nordal HJ, Magnaes B, Abdelnoor M, Lilleås F. Lumbar spinal stenosis: conservative or surgical management?: A prospective 10-year study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 2000;25(11):1424–36.
Gelalis ID, Stafilas KS, Korompilias A V, Zacharis KC, Beris AE, Xenakis TA. Decompressive surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: long-term results. Int Orthop. Springer; 2006;30(1):59–63.
Iguchi T, Kurihara A, Nakayama J, Sato K, Kurosaka M, Yamasaki K. Minimum 10-year outcome of decompressive laminectomy for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 2000;25(14):1754–9.
Katz JN, Stucki G, Lipson SJ, Fossel AH, Grobler LJ, Weinstein JN. Predictors of surgical outcome in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 1999;24(21):2229.
Thornes E, Ikonomou N, Grotle M. Prognosis of surgical treatment for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective cohort study of clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life across gender and age groups. Open Orthop J. Bentham Science Publishers; 2011;5:372.
Mardjetko SM, Connolly PJ, Shott S. Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: A Meta-Analysis of Literature 1970-1993. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 1994;19(20):2256S – 2265S.
Bridwell KH, Sedgewick TA, O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Baldus C. The role of fusion and instrumentation in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. J Spinal Disord Tech. LWW; 1993;6(6):461–72.
Fischgrund JS, Mackay M, Herkowitz HN, Brower R, Montgomery DM, Kurz LT. 1997 Volvo award winner in clinical studies: degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis: a prospective, randomized study comparing decompressive laminectomy and arthrodesis with and without spinal instrumentation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 1997;22(24):2807–12.
Herkowitz HN, Sidhu KS. Lumbar spine fusion in the treatment of degenerative conditions: current indications and recommendations. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Am Acad Ortho Surgeons; 1995;3(3):123–35.
Deyo RA, Hickam D, Duckart JP, Piedra M. Complications after surgery for lumbar stenosis in a veteran population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). NIH Public Access; 2013;38(19):1695–702.
Spratt KF, Keller TS, Szpalski M, Vandeputte K, Gunzburg R. A predictive model for outcome after conservative decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. Eur spine J. Springer; 2004;13(1):14–21.
Matta J, Muñoz D. Fijación trasnpedicular y artrodesis posterolateral en el canal lumbar estrecho y espondilolistesis degenerativa. Revisión de serie de casos, evaluando resultados de esta técnica quirúrgica. [Internet]. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10654/3334
Foulongne E, Derrey S, Slimane MO, Levèque S, Tobenas A-C, Dujardin F, et al. Lumbar spinal stenosis: Which predictive factors of favorable functional results after decompressive laminectomy? Neurochirurgie. Elsevier; 2013;59(1):23–9.
Gómez de la Riva A, Isla A, Pérez-López C, Ortega R, Fernández-Miranda JC, Heredero J. Causas de reintervención quirúrgica en pacientes con fijación lumbar intervenidos por estenosis de canal. Neurocirugia. SciELO Espana; 2006;17(3):232–9.
Saleem S, Aslam HM, Rehmani MAK, Raees A, Alvi AA, Ashraf J. Lumbar disc degenerative disease: disc degeneration symptoms and magnetic resonance image findings. Asian Spine J. 2013;7(4):322–34.
Jakola AS, Sørlie A, Gulati S, Nygaard ØP, Lydersen S, Solberg T. Clinical outcomes and safety assessment in elderly patients undergoing decompressive laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective study. BMC Surg. BioMed Central Ltd; 2010;10(1):34.
Cassinelli EH, Eubanks J, Vogt M, Furey C, Yoo J, Bohlman HH. Risk factors for the development of perioperative complications in elderly patients undergoing lumbar decompression and arthrodesis for spinal stenosis: an analysis of 166 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 2007;32(2):230–5.
Strömqvist F, Jönsson B, Strömqvist B. Dural lesions in decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: incidence, risk factors and effect on outcome. Eur Spine J. Springer; 2012;21(5):825–8.
Schimmel JJP, Horsting PP, De Kleuver M, Wonders G, Van Limbeek J. Risk factors for deep surgical site infections after spinal fusion. Eur spine J. Springer; 2010;19(10):1711–9.
Radcliff K, Curry P, Hilibrand A, Kepler C, Lurie J, Zhao W, et al. Risk for adjacent segment and same segment reoperation after surgery for lumbar stenosis: a subgroup analysis of the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). Spine (Phila Pa 1976). NIH Public Access; 2013;38(7):531.
Yabuki S, Fukumori N, Takegami M, Onishi Y, Otani K, Sekiguchi M, et al. Prevalence of lumbar spinal stenosis, using the diagnostic support tool, and correlated factors in Japan: a population-based study. J Orthop Sci. Springer; 2013;18(6):893–900.
Deyo RA, Martin BI, Kreuter W, Jarvik JG, Angier H, Mirza SK. Revision surgery following operations for lumbar stenosis. J Bone Jt Surg. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.; 2011;93(21):1979–86.
Kim CH, Chung CK, Park CS, Choi B, Kim MJ, Park BJ. Reoperation rate after surgery for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc disease: nationwide cohort study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 2013;38(7):581–90.
Kim CH, Chung CK, Park CS, Choi B, Hahn S, Kim MJ, et al. Reoperation rate after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis without spondylolisthesis: a nationwide cohort study. Spine J. Elsevier; 2013;13(10):1230–7.
Guiqui p, Deyyver b, Rillardon l, Nqounoun p, Deburige a, Ghosez JP. Intraoperative and early postoperative complications of lumbar and lumbosacral fusion: prospective analysis of 872 patients. Rev chir orthop reparatrice appar mot. 2004 feb;90(1):5-15
dc.source.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad del Rosario
dc.source.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/90ca9bdf-3b1e-4015-9dd6-e6686c98d4a1/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/7ecc21eb-d169-4c57-b349-7eb54b3b5d96/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/46054ff4-cdb9-4fb3-9271-fd4411c4013a/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/0e369a2c-23b8-48df-9140-4e3a0ae65823/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 67a9645f2a27903d89bf71aa521efc45
909a4a2249269056f5bc2d8ece1f295f
e6b648eb17b76c0f9527d3ee151eec31
b0b4cbfca1fb27f615c2f9660c97907b
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio institucional EdocUR
repository.mail.fl_str_mv edocur@urosario.edu.co
_version_ 1814167593095790592
spelling Torres de Galvis, Yolandaafa6d13c-47eb-4365-b2da-f6c1ff627ecb-1Alvarado-Gómez, FernandoMartínez-Benavides, DanielVega-Cufiño, LauraEspecialista en Epidemiología (en Convenio con el CES)f70c56b5-0b79-45e4-ac53-cb5258ac8a87-1736dc2d4-f245-4b26-b7d9-2694fd308207-18c6cebb9-b24b-4c73-a459-8d71a00ce458-12015-11-06T17:18:20Z2015-11-06T17:18:20Z2015-082015El canal lumbar estrecho de tipo degenerativo, es una enfermedad que se presenta en pacientes entre la quinta y la sexta década de vida; es la causa más común de cirugía lumbar después de los 65 años. Este trabajo busca determinar cuáles son los factores asociados a la presentación de eventos adversos o re-intervención en cirugía de canal lumbar estrecho en la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá en los años comprendidos entre 2003 y 2013. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de prevalencia de tipo analítico, en donde se analizaron 249 pacientes sometidos a intervención quirúrgica por cirugía de canal lumbar estrecho.lumbar degenerative narrow channel, is a disease that occurs in patients between the fifth and sixth decades of life; It is the most common cause of lumbar surgery after 65 years. This paper seeks to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of adverse or re-intervention in lumbar spinal stenosis surgery in Santa Fe de Bogota Foundation in the years between 2003 and 2013 events are. Methods: A prevalence study of analytic, where 249 patients undergoing surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis surgery was performed were analyzed.application/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.48713/10336_11332 http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/11332spaUniversidad del RosarioFacultad de medicinaAbierto (Texto Completo)EL AUTOR, manifiesta que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original y la realizó sin violar o usurpar derechos de autor de terceros, por lo tanto la obra es de exclusiva autoría y tiene la titularidad sobre la misma. PARGRAFO: En caso de presentarse cualquier reclamación o acción por parte de un tercero en cuanto a los derechos de autor sobre la obra en cuestión, EL AUTOR, asumirá toda la responsabilidad, y saldrá en defensa de los derechos aquí autorizados; para todos los efectos la universidad actúa como un tercero de buena fe. EL AUTOR, autoriza a LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO, para que en los términos establecidos en la Ley 23 de 1982, Ley 44 de 1993, Decisión andina 351 de 1993, Decreto 460 de 1995 y demás normas generales sobre la materia, utilice y use la obra objeto de la presente autorización. -------------------------------------- POLITICA DE TRATAMIENTO DE DATOS PERSONALES. Declaro que autorizo previa y de forma informada el tratamiento de mis datos personales por parte de LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO para fines académicos y en aplicación de convenios con terceros o servicios conexos con actividades propias de la academia, con estricto cumplimiento de los principios de ley. Para el correcto ejercicio de mi derecho de habeas data cuento con la cuenta de correo habeasdata@urosario.edu.co, donde previa identificación podré solicitar la consulta, corrección y supresión de mis datos.http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Chad DA. Lumbar spinal stenosis. Neurol Clin. Elsevier; 2007;25(2):407–18.Watters WC, Baisden J, Gilbert TJ, Kreiner S, Resnick DK, Bono CM, et al. Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. spine J. Elsevier; 2008;8(2):305–10.Zak PJ. Surgical management of spinal stenosis. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. Elsevier; 2003;14(1):143–55Katz JN, Lipson SJ, Chang LC, Levine SA, Fossel AH, Liang MH. Seven‐to 10‐year Outcome of Decompressive Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 1996;21(1):92–7.Tosteson ANA, Skinner JS, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, Andersson G, Berven S, et al. The cost effectiveness of surgical versus non-operative treatment for lumbar disc herniation over two years: evidence from the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). Spine (Phila Pa 1976). NIH Public Access; 2008;33(19):2108.Hara N, Oka H, Yamazaki T, Takeshita K, Murakami M, Hoshi K, et al. Predictors of residual symptoms in lower extremities after decompression surgery on lumbar spinal stenosis. Eur Spine J. Springer; 2010;19(11):1849–54.Weinstein JN, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, Tosteson ANA, Blood E, Hanscom B, et al. Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med. Mass Medical Soc; 2008;358(8):794–810.Pereira R. Estenosis crónica adquirida del canal lumbar [Internet]. 2007. Available from: http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/sitios/neuroc/guias_terap__estenosis_lumbar_parte_i[1].pdfAthiviraham A, Yen D. Is spinal stenosis better treated surgically or nonsurgically? Clin Orthop Relat Res. LWW; 2007;458:90–3.Djurasovic M, Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Dimar JR. Contemporary management of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis. Orthop Clin North Am. Elsevier; 2010;41(2):183–91.Gilbert T, Kreiner DS, Resnick D, O’Neill C, Reitman C, Shaffer WO, et al. NASS Clinical Guidelines Committee William C. Watters III, MD, Committee Chair Jamie Baisden, MD, Surgical Treatment Chair.Botwin KP, Gruber RD. Lumbar spinal stenosis: anatomy and pathogenesis. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. Elsevier; 2003;14(1):1–15.Deyo RA, Weinstein JN. Low Back Pain. N Engl J Med [Internet]. Massachusetts Medical Society; 2001 Feb 1;344(5):363–70. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200102013440508Furman M, Puttlitz K, Panullo R. Spinal stenosis and neurogenic claudication. eMedicine Clin Knowl Base [Internet]. 2006; Available from: http://www.imedicine.com/DisplayTopic.asp?bookid=11&topic=133Akuthota V, Lento P, Sowa G. Pathogenesis of lumbar spinal stenosis pain: why does an asymptomatic stenotic patient flare? Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. Elsevier; 2003;14(1):17–28.Joaquim AF, Sansur CA, Hamilton DK, Shaffrey CI. Degenerative lumbar stenosis: update. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. SciELO Brasil; 2009;67(2B):553–8.Spivak J, Bendo J. Trastornos degenerativos de la columna lumbar. Orthop Knowl Updat 7. 2007;596–600.Kalff R, Ewald C, Waschke A, Gobisch L, Hopf C. Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis in older people: current treatment options. Dtsch Arztebl Int. Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH; 2013;110(37):613.Tosteson ANA, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, Skinner JS, Herkowitz H, Albert T, et al. Surgical treatment of spinal stenosis with and without degenerative spondylolisthesis: cost-effectiveness after 2 years. Ann Intern Med. Am Coll Physicians; 2008;149(12):845–53.Whitman JM, Flynn TW, Fritz JM. Nonsurgical management of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a literature review and a case series of three patients managed with physical therapy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. Elsevier; 2003;14(1):77–101.Omidi-Kashani F, Hasankhani EG, Ashjazadeh A. Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Who Should Be Fused? An Updated Review. Asian Spine J. 2014;8(4):521–30.Asgarzadie F, Khoo LT. Minimally invasive operative management for lumbar spinal stenosis: overview of early and long-term outcomes. Orthop Clin North Am. Elsevier; 2007;38(3):387–99.Patel AT, Ogle AA. Diagnosis and management of acute low back pain. Am Fam Physician. 2000;61(6):1779–86.Giraldo HJU, Zuluaga CDH, Berrío CC. Semiología del dolor lumbar. Rev Médica Risaralda. 2010;16(2).Herrera Rodríguez A, Vela Rodríaguez J. Estenosis de canal lumbar. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2002 Aug 1 [cited 2015 Jun 19];46(04):351–72. Available from: http://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-revista-espanola-cirugia-ortopedica-traumatologia-129-articulo-estenosis-canal-lumbar-13037553Verbiest H. A radicular syndrome from developmental narrowing of the lumbar vertebral canal. J Bone Jt Surgery, Br Vol. British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery; 1954;36(2):230–7Saifuddin A. The imaging of lumbar spinal stenosis: review. Clin Radiol. Elsevier; 2000;55(8):581–9Fortin JD, Wheeler MT. Imaging in lumbar spinal stenosis. Pain Physician. 2004;7(1Steurer J, Roner S, Gnannt R, Hodler J. Quantitative radiologic criteria for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic literature review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. BioMed Central Ltd; 2011;12(1):175.Sengupta DK, Herkowitz HN. Lumbar spinal stenosis: treatment strategies and indications for surgery. Orthop Clin North Am. Elsevier; 2003;34(2):281–95.Okubadejo GO, Buchowski JM. Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. The textbook of spinal surgery. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 394–401.Zingg PO, Boos N. Lumbar spinal stenosis. Spinal Disorders Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment. 1st ed. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2008. p. 513–37.Hopp E, Tsou PM. Postdecompression lumbar instability. Clin Orthop Relat Res. LWW; 1988;227:143–51.Senegas J, Etchevers JP, Vital JM, Baulny D, Grenier F. Recalibration of the lumbar canal, an alternative to laminectomy in the treatment of lumbar canal stenosis. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 1987;74(1):15–22.Russel M, Handley E. Surgical management of lumbar spinal stenosis. Part I: Indications, techniques, and results of descompresive laminectomy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999;806f – 806m.Lee CK, Rauschning W, Glenn W. Lateral lumbar spinal canal stenosis: classification, pathologic anatomy and surgical decompression. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 1988;13(3):313–20.Thomé C, Zevgaridis D, Leheta O, Bäzner H, Pöckler-Schöniger C, Wöhrle J, et al. Outcome after less-invasive decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized comparison of unilateral laminotomy, bilateral laminotomy, and laminectomy. J Neurosurg Spine. Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group; 2005;3(2):129–41.Herkowitz HN. Surgical management of spinal stenosis. American Academy Of Orthopaedics Surgeron Meeting (AAOS) Instructional Course Lecture. Atlanta, Georgia; 1996.Martin BI, Mirza SK, Comstock BA, Gray DT, Kreuter W, Deyo RA. Reoperation rates following lumbar spine surgery and the influence of spinal fusion procedures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 2007;32(3):382–7.Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Loeser JD, Bigos SJ, Ciol MA. Morbidity and mortality in association with operations on the lumbar spine. The influence of age, diagnosis, and procedure. J Bone Jt Surg. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.; 1992;74(4):536–43.Silvers HR, Lewis PJ, Asch HL. Decompressive lumbar laminectomy for spinal stenosis. J Neurosurg. Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group; 1993;78(5):695–701.Katz JN. Lumbar Spinal Fusions: Surgical Rates, Costs, and Complications. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 1995;20:84S.Kaloostian P, Gokaslan Z. Surgical Versus Non-surgical Management of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. Curr Phys Med Rehabil Reports [Internet]. Springer US; 2013;1(3):169–73. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40141-013-0018-xMachado GC, Ferreira PH, Harris IA, Pinheiro MB, Koes BW, van Tulder M, et al. Effectiveness of Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. Public Library of Science; 2015;10(3).Amundsen T, Weber H, Nordal HJ, Magnaes B, Abdelnoor M, Lilleås F. Lumbar spinal stenosis: conservative or surgical management?: A prospective 10-year study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 2000;25(11):1424–36.Gelalis ID, Stafilas KS, Korompilias A V, Zacharis KC, Beris AE, Xenakis TA. Decompressive surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: long-term results. Int Orthop. Springer; 2006;30(1):59–63.Iguchi T, Kurihara A, Nakayama J, Sato K, Kurosaka M, Yamasaki K. Minimum 10-year outcome of decompressive laminectomy for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 2000;25(14):1754–9.Katz JN, Stucki G, Lipson SJ, Fossel AH, Grobler LJ, Weinstein JN. Predictors of surgical outcome in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 1999;24(21):2229.Thornes E, Ikonomou N, Grotle M. Prognosis of surgical treatment for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective cohort study of clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life across gender and age groups. Open Orthop J. Bentham Science Publishers; 2011;5:372.Mardjetko SM, Connolly PJ, Shott S. Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: A Meta-Analysis of Literature 1970-1993. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 1994;19(20):2256S – 2265S.Bridwell KH, Sedgewick TA, O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Baldus C. The role of fusion and instrumentation in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. J Spinal Disord Tech. LWW; 1993;6(6):461–72.Fischgrund JS, Mackay M, Herkowitz HN, Brower R, Montgomery DM, Kurz LT. 1997 Volvo award winner in clinical studies: degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis: a prospective, randomized study comparing decompressive laminectomy and arthrodesis with and without spinal instrumentation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 1997;22(24):2807–12.Herkowitz HN, Sidhu KS. Lumbar spine fusion in the treatment of degenerative conditions: current indications and recommendations. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Am Acad Ortho Surgeons; 1995;3(3):123–35.Deyo RA, Hickam D, Duckart JP, Piedra M. Complications after surgery for lumbar stenosis in a veteran population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). NIH Public Access; 2013;38(19):1695–702.Spratt KF, Keller TS, Szpalski M, Vandeputte K, Gunzburg R. A predictive model for outcome after conservative decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. Eur spine J. Springer; 2004;13(1):14–21.Matta J, Muñoz D. Fijación trasnpedicular y artrodesis posterolateral en el canal lumbar estrecho y espondilolistesis degenerativa. Revisión de serie de casos, evaluando resultados de esta técnica quirúrgica. [Internet]. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10654/3334Foulongne E, Derrey S, Slimane MO, Levèque S, Tobenas A-C, Dujardin F, et al. Lumbar spinal stenosis: Which predictive factors of favorable functional results after decompressive laminectomy? Neurochirurgie. Elsevier; 2013;59(1):23–9.Gómez de la Riva A, Isla A, Pérez-López C, Ortega R, Fernández-Miranda JC, Heredero J. Causas de reintervención quirúrgica en pacientes con fijación lumbar intervenidos por estenosis de canal. Neurocirugia. SciELO Espana; 2006;17(3):232–9.Saleem S, Aslam HM, Rehmani MAK, Raees A, Alvi AA, Ashraf J. Lumbar disc degenerative disease: disc degeneration symptoms and magnetic resonance image findings. Asian Spine J. 2013;7(4):322–34.Jakola AS, Sørlie A, Gulati S, Nygaard ØP, Lydersen S, Solberg T. Clinical outcomes and safety assessment in elderly patients undergoing decompressive laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective study. BMC Surg. BioMed Central Ltd; 2010;10(1):34.Cassinelli EH, Eubanks J, Vogt M, Furey C, Yoo J, Bohlman HH. Risk factors for the development of perioperative complications in elderly patients undergoing lumbar decompression and arthrodesis for spinal stenosis: an analysis of 166 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 2007;32(2):230–5.Strömqvist F, Jönsson B, Strömqvist B. Dural lesions in decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: incidence, risk factors and effect on outcome. Eur Spine J. Springer; 2012;21(5):825–8.Schimmel JJP, Horsting PP, De Kleuver M, Wonders G, Van Limbeek J. Risk factors for deep surgical site infections after spinal fusion. Eur spine J. Springer; 2010;19(10):1711–9.Radcliff K, Curry P, Hilibrand A, Kepler C, Lurie J, Zhao W, et al. Risk for adjacent segment and same segment reoperation after surgery for lumbar stenosis: a subgroup analysis of the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). Spine (Phila Pa 1976). NIH Public Access; 2013;38(7):531.Yabuki S, Fukumori N, Takegami M, Onishi Y, Otani K, Sekiguchi M, et al. Prevalence of lumbar spinal stenosis, using the diagnostic support tool, and correlated factors in Japan: a population-based study. J Orthop Sci. Springer; 2013;18(6):893–900.Deyo RA, Martin BI, Kreuter W, Jarvik JG, Angier H, Mirza SK. Revision surgery following operations for lumbar stenosis. J Bone Jt Surg. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.; 2011;93(21):1979–86.Kim CH, Chung CK, Park CS, Choi B, Kim MJ, Park BJ. Reoperation rate after surgery for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc disease: nationwide cohort study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). LWW; 2013;38(7):581–90.Kim CH, Chung CK, Park CS, Choi B, Hahn S, Kim MJ, et al. Reoperation rate after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis without spondylolisthesis: a nationwide cohort study. Spine J. Elsevier; 2013;13(10):1230–7.Guiqui p, Deyyver b, Rillardon l, Nqounoun p, Deburige a, Ghosez JP. Intraoperative and early postoperative complications of lumbar and lumbosacral fusion: prospective analysis of 872 patients. Rev chir orthop reparatrice appar mot. 2004 feb;90(1):5-15instname:Universidad del Rosarioreponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocURObesidadEstenosis espinalHospitalizaciónCirugíaEnfermedades de la columna vertebralVarias ramas de la medicina, Cirugía 617600spinal stenosisobesityhospitalizationsurgeryspinal diseasesEpidemiologíaCirugía de la columna vertebralEnfermedades de la columna vertebralComplicaciones posoperatoriasLumbar estrecho: experiencia de 10 años en la fundación santa fé de BogotábachelorThesisTrabajo de gradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fORIGINALFACTORES-ASOCIADOS-PARA-EVENTOS-ADVERSOS-O-RE-INTERVENCION-EN-EL-MANEJO-QUIRURGICO-DEL-CANAL-LUMBAR-.pdfFACTORES-ASOCIADOS-PARA-EVENTOS-ADVERSOS-O-RE-INTERVENCION-EN-EL-MANEJO-QUIRURGICO-DEL-CANAL-LUMBAR-.pdfapplication/pdf2063543https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/90ca9bdf-3b1e-4015-9dd6-e6686c98d4a1/download67a9645f2a27903d89bf71aa521efc45MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain2107https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/7ecc21eb-d169-4c57-b349-7eb54b3b5d96/download909a4a2249269056f5bc2d8ece1f295fMD52TEXTFACTORES-ASOCIADOS-PARA-EVENTOS-ADVERSOS-O-RE-INTERVENCION-EN-EL-MANEJO-QUIRURGICO-DEL-CANAL-LUMBAR-.pdf.txtFACTORES-ASOCIADOS-PARA-EVENTOS-ADVERSOS-O-RE-INTERVENCION-EN-EL-MANEJO-QUIRURGICO-DEL-CANAL-LUMBAR-.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain140082https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/46054ff4-cdb9-4fb3-9271-fd4411c4013a/downloade6b648eb17b76c0f9527d3ee151eec31MD57THUMBNAILFACTORES-ASOCIADOS-PARA-EVENTOS-ADVERSOS-O-RE-INTERVENCION-EN-EL-MANEJO-QUIRURGICO-DEL-CANAL-LUMBAR-.pdf.jpgFACTORES-ASOCIADOS-PARA-EVENTOS-ADVERSOS-O-RE-INTERVENCION-EN-EL-MANEJO-QUIRURGICO-DEL-CANAL-LUMBAR-.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg2428https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/0e369a2c-23b8-48df-9140-4e3a0ae65823/downloadb0b4cbfca1fb27f615c2f9660c97907bMD5810336/11332oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/113322021-06-03 00:47:45.568https://repository.urosario.edu.coRepositorio institucional EdocURedocur@urosario.edu.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

Publicaciones similares