The impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain of maritime freight transportation and the implementation of innovative technologies to mitigate its effects

The global outbreak of COVID-19 has triggered profound disruptions across industries, with the maritime freight transportation sector being no exception. This study investigates the multifaceted repercussions of the pandemic on the maritime supply chain and explores the pivotal role of innovative te...

Full description

Autores:
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad del Rosario
Repositorio:
Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/41214
Acceso en línea:
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/41214
Palabra clave:
Industria Marítima
COVID 19
Comercio Internacional
Industria 4.0
Supply Chain
Logística
Maritime freight transportation
Supply chain
Innovative technologies
Digitalization
Resilience
Logistics
International trade
Covid-19
Rights
License
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
id EDOCUR2_cbfa87e8ca294cda017629baa276b5f7
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/41214
network_acronym_str EDOCUR2
network_name_str Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain of maritime freight transportation and the implementation of innovative technologies to mitigate its effects
dc.title.TranslatedTitle.none.fl_str_mv El impacto del COVID-19 en la cadena de suministro del transporte marítimo de carga y la implementación de tecnologías innovadoras para mitigar sus efectos
title The impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain of maritime freight transportation and the implementation of innovative technologies to mitigate its effects
spellingShingle The impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain of maritime freight transportation and the implementation of innovative technologies to mitigate its effects
Industria Marítima
COVID 19
Comercio Internacional
Industria 4.0
Supply Chain
Logística
Maritime freight transportation
Supply chain
Innovative technologies
Digitalization
Resilience
Logistics
International trade
Covid-19
title_short The impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain of maritime freight transportation and the implementation of innovative technologies to mitigate its effects
title_full The impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain of maritime freight transportation and the implementation of innovative technologies to mitigate its effects
title_fullStr The impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain of maritime freight transportation and the implementation of innovative technologies to mitigate its effects
title_full_unstemmed The impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain of maritime freight transportation and the implementation of innovative technologies to mitigate its effects
title_sort The impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain of maritime freight transportation and the implementation of innovative technologies to mitigate its effects
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Agi, Maher
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Industria Marítima
COVID 19
Comercio Internacional
Industria 4.0
Supply Chain
Logística
topic Industria Marítima
COVID 19
Comercio Internacional
Industria 4.0
Supply Chain
Logística
Maritime freight transportation
Supply chain
Innovative technologies
Digitalization
Resilience
Logistics
International trade
Covid-19
dc.subject.keyword.none.fl_str_mv Maritime freight transportation
Supply chain
Innovative technologies
Digitalization
Resilience
Logistics
International trade
Covid-19
description The global outbreak of COVID-19 has triggered profound disruptions across industries, with the maritime freight transportation sector being no exception. This study investigates the multifaceted repercussions of the pandemic on the maritime supply chain and explores the pivotal role of innovative technologies in mitigating its effects. Employing a mixed-method research approach, including surveys and secondary data analysis, the research comprehensively assesses how the industry has navigated the challenges posed by the pandemic and adapted through technological interventions.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-10-23T19:36:31Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-10-23T19:36:31Z
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv 2023-10-15
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv bachelorThesis
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.document.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado
dc.type.spa.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/41214
url https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/41214
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.acceso.none.fl_str_mv Abierto (Texto Completo)
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Abierto (Texto Completo)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 106 pp
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad del Rosario
dc.publisher.department.none.fl_str_mv Escuela de Administración
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Administración de Negocios Internacionales
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad del Rosario
institution Universidad del Rosario
dc.source.bibliographicCitation.none.fl_str_mv Capineri, Cristina; Leinbach, Thomas R. (2006) Freight Transport, Seamlessness, and Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy. En: European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. Vol. 6; No. 1; 1567-7141; Consultado en: 2023/03/07/12:52:19. Disponible en: https://journals.open.tudelft.nl/ejtir/article/view/4321. Disponible en: 10.18757/ejtir.2006.6.1.4321.
Nistor, Filip (2014) THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. No. 2;
Rothengatter, Werner; Zhang, Junyi; Hayashi, Yoshitsugu; Nosach, Anastasiia; Wang, Kun; Oum, Tae Hoon (2021) Pandemic waves and the time after Covid-19 – Consequences for the transport sector. En: Transport Policy. Vol. 110; pp. 225 - 237; 0967-070X; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X21001785. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.06.003.
Yilmazkuday, Hakan (2022) Coronavirus disease 2019 and the global economy. En: Transport Policy. Vol. 120; pp. 40 - 46; 0967-070X; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X22000634. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.03.003.
Gavalas, Dimitris; Syriopoulos, Theodoros; Tsatsaronis, Michael (2022) COVID–19 impact on the shipping industry: An event study approach. En: Transport Policy. Vol. 116; pp. 157 - 164; 0967-070X; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X21003371. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.11.016.
Xu, Yanling; Li, Jing-Ping; Chu, Chien-Chi; Dinca, Gheorghita (2022) Impact of COVID-19 on transportation and logistics: a case of China. En: Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja. Vol. 35; No. 1; pp. 2386 - 2404; Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1947339. Disponible en: 10.1080/1331677X.2021.1947339.
Merchandise Trade. En: Tableau Software. Consultado en: 2023/03/08/10:44:37. Disponible en: https://public.tableau.com/views/MerchandiseTrade_16285010592240/Dashboard?:embed=y&:showVizHome=no&:host_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F&:embed_code_version=3&:tabs=no&:toolbar=yes&:animate_transition=yes&:display_static_image=yes&:display_spinner=no&:display_overlay=yes&:display_count=yes&:language=en-GB&:loadOrderID=0.
(2022) UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2022. En: Handbook of Statistics.
Ascencio, L.M.; González-Ramírez, R.G.; Bearzotti, L.A.; Smith, N.R.; Camacho-Vallejo, J.F. (2014) A Collaborative Supply Chain Management System for a Maritime Port Logistics Chain. En: Journal of Applied Research and Technology. Vol. 12; No. 3; pp. 444 - 458; 16656423; Consultado en: 2023/03/09/14:25:57. Disponible en: http://www.jart.icat.unam.mx/index.php/jart/article/view/206. Disponible en: 10.1016/S1665-6423(14)71625-6.
COVID-19 and Maritime Transport: Navigating the Crisis and Lessons Learned.
Mwajita, Mwanaulu Issa; on trade-related aspects of Sustainable Development Goal 14:.
he geography of trade and supply chain reconfiguration: Implications for trade, global value chains and maritime transport.
Merk, Olaf; Performance of the maritime supply chain: connecting the dots.
Kasych, Alla; Cherniavska, Olena; Bondarenko, Svitlana; Ievseitseva, Olena; Glukhova, Valentyna (2022) Industry 4.0 Technologies in Ensuring Environmental Friendliness of Production and Product Quality. En: 2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Modern Electrical and Energy System (MEES), Modern Electrical and Energy System (MEES), 2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on. pp. 1 - 1-6; 9798350346831; Consultado en: 2023/03/10/. Disponible en: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edseee&AN=edseee.10005692&site=eds-live. Disponible en: 10.1109/MEES58014.2022.10005692.
Ghobakhloo, Morteza (2020) Industry 4.0, digitization, and opportunities for sustainability. En: Journal of Cleaner Production. Vol. 252; pp. 119869 0959-6526; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619347390. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119869.
Deirdre McCloskey: Publications: Industrial Revolution. Consultado en: 2023/03/10/15:17:06. Disponible en: http://www.deirdremccloskey.org/articles/revolution.php.
Freeman, Christopher; Louçã, Francisco; Louca, Francisco (2001) As Time Goes by: From the Industrial Revolutions to the Information Revolution. pp. 424 : Oxford University Press; 978-0-19-924107-1;
Steenhuis, Harm-Jan; Pretorius, Leon (2017) The additive manufacturing innovation: a range of implications. En: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. Vol. 28; No. 1; pp. 122 - 143; 1741-038X; Consultado en: 2023/03/10/15:38:46. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-06-2016-0081. Disponible en: 10.1108/JMTM-06-2016-0081.
Klingenberg, Cristina Orsolin; Borges, Marco Antônio Viana; Antunes, José Antônio do Vale (2022) Industry 4.0: What makes it a revolution? A historical framework to understand the phenomenon. En: Technology in Society. Vol. 70; pp. 102009 0160-791X; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160791X22001506. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102009.
Fitzsimmons, Joe (1994) Information technology and the third industrial revolution. En: The Electronic Library. Vol. 12; No. 5; pp. 295 - 297; 0264-0473; Consultado en: 2023/03/10/16:19:59. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb045307. Disponible en: 10.1108/eb045307.
Clark, Woodrow W.; Cooke, MJ Grant; Clark, Woodrow W. (2010) Chapter 2. En: Sustainable Communities Design Handbook. pp. 9 - 22; Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 978-1-85617-804-4; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781856178044000021.
Marwala, Tshilidzi (2023) The Fourth Industrial Revolution has arrived. Comments on Moll (S Afr J Sei. 2023;119(1/2), Art. #12916). En: South African Journal of Science. Vol. 119; pp. 1 - 2; 0038-2353; Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0038-23532023000100020&nrm=iso.
Groumpos, Peter P. (2021) A Critical Historical and Scientific Overview of all Industrial Revolutions. En: IFAC-PapersOnLine. Vol. 54; No. 13; pp. 464 - 471; 2405-8963; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405896321019297. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.10.492.
Schiele, Holger; Bos-Nehles, Anna; Delke, Vincent; Stegmaier, Peter; Torn, Robbert-Jan (2021) Interpreting the industry 4.0 future: technology, business, society and people. En: Journal of Business Strategy. Vol. 43; No. 3; pp. 157 - 167; 0275-6668; Consultado en: 2023/03/10/17:48:06. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-08-2020-0181. Disponible en: 10.1108/JBS-08-2020-0181.
Oliveira-Dias, Diéssica; Maqueira-Marín, Juan M.; Moyano-Fuentes, José (2022) The link between information and digital technologies of industry 4.0 and agile supply chain: Mapping current research and establishing new research avenues. En: Computers & Industrial Engineering. Vol. 167; pp. 108000 0360-8352; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360835222000705. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.108000.
Ein-Dor, Phillip (2023) Emerging Information Technologies: Improving Decisions, Cooperation, and Infrastructure. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.; Disponible en: https://sk.sagepub.com/books/emerging-information-technologies.
Gacovski, Zoran (2019) Internet of Things. Ashland: Arcler Press; 978-1-77361-624-7; Disponible en: http://ez.urosario.edu.co/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip&db=e000xww&AN=2013945&lang=es&site=eds-live&scope=site.
Bormida, Marina Da; Iphofen, Ron; O'Mathúna, Dónal (2021) The Big Data World: Benefits, Threats and Ethical Challenges. En: Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research. Advances in Research Ethics and Integrity; Vol. 8; pp. 71 - 91; Emerald Publishing Limited; 978-1-80262-414-4 978-1-80262-411-3; Consultado en: 2023/03/14/12:09:20. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2398-601820210000008007.
Tijan, Edvard; Aksentijević, Saša; Ivanić, Katarina; Jardas, Mladen (2019) Blockchain Technology Implementation in Logistics. En: Sustainability. Vol. 11; No. 4; pp. 1185 2071-1050; Consultado en: 2023/03/15/09:43:23. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/4/1185. Disponible en: 10.3390/su11041185.
Francisco, Kristoffer; Swanson, David (2018) The Supply Chain Has No Clothes: Technology Adoption of Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency. En: Logistics. Vol. 2; No. 1; 2305-6290; Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6290/2/1/2. Disponible en: 10.3390/logistics2010002.
Seebacher, Stefan; Schüritz, Ronny; Za, Stefano; Drăgoicea, Monica; Cavallari, Maurizio (2017) Blockchain Technology as an Enabler of Service Systems: A Structured Literature Review. pp. 12 - 23; Springer International Publishing; 978-3-319-56925-3;
Soori, Mohsen; Arezoo, Behrooz; Dastres, Roza (2023) Machine learning and artificial intelligence in CNC machine tools, A review. En: Sustainable Manufacturing and Service Economics. pp. 100009 26673444; Consultado en: 2023/03/15/10:12:44. Disponible en: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2667344423000014. Disponible en: 10.1016/j.smse.2023.100009.
Mahesh, Batta (2019) Machine Learning Algorithms -A Review.
Zhou, Zhi-Hua (2021) Machine Learning. pp. 460 : Springer Nature; 9789811519673;
Emerging approaches applied to maritime transport research: Past and future | Elsevier Enhanced Reader. Consultado en: 2023/03/15/13:49:41. Disponible en: https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2772424721000111?token=432B01B77AAA4C5601DF5D2E90BCC5CC3775BACA150249C1079931E19678A5F971D3E6428DC5C183CD5FCAADBB22B860&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20230315130823.
Yan, Ran; Wang, Shuaian; Zhen, Lu; Laporte, Gilbert (2021) Emerging approaches applied to maritime transport research: Past and future. En: Communications in Transportation Research. Vol. 1; pp. 100011 2772-4247; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772424721000111. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2021.100011.
Jović, Marija; Tijan, Edvard; Marx, Rebecca; Gebhard, Berit (2019) Big data management in maritime transport. En: Pomorski zbornik. Vol. 57; No. 1; pp. 123 - 141;
Li, Qiu-xiang; Ji, Hui-min; Huang, Yi-min (2022) The information leakage strategies of the supply chain under the block chain technology introduction. En: Omega. Vol. 110; pp. 102616 0305-0483; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305048322000251. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2022.102616.
Del, Giudice Manlio; Chierici, Roberto; Mazzucchelli, Alice; Fiano, Fabio (2020) Supply chain management in the era of circular economy: the moderating effect of big data. En: The International Journal of Logistics Management. Vol. 32; No. 2; pp. 337 - 356; 0957-4093; Consultado en: 2023/03/15/14:29:04. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-03-2020-0119. Disponible en: 10.1108/IJLM-03-2020-0119.
Jurdana, Irena; Krylov, Artem; Yamnenko, Julia (2020) Use of artificial intelligence as a problem solution for maritime transport. En: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. Vol. 8; No. 3; pp. 201
Sanchez-Gonzalez, Pedro-Luis; Díaz-Gutiérrez, David; Leo, Teresa J.; Núñez-Rivas, Luis R. (2019) Toward digitalization of maritime transport?. En: Sensors. Vol. 19; No. 4; pp. 926
Yang, Chung-Shan (2019) Maritime shipping digitalization: Blockchain-based technology applications, future improvements, and intention to use. En: Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. Vol. 131; pp. 108 - 117; 1366-5545; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1366554519307045. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2019.09.020.
Munim, Ziaul Haque; Dushenko, Mariia; Jimenez, Veronica Jaramillo; Shakil, Mohammad Hassan; Imset, Marius (2020) Big data and artificial intelligence in the maritime industry: a bibliometric review and future research directions. En: Maritime Policy & Management. Vol. 47; No. 5; pp. 577 - 597; 0308-8839; Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2020.1788731. Disponible en: 10.1080/03088839.2020.1788731.
Akyuz, Emre; Cicek, Kadir; Celik, Metin (2019) A Comparative research of machine learning impact to future of maritime transportation. En: Procedia Computer Science. Vol. 158; pp. 275 - 280;
Yang, Dong; Wu, Lingxiao; Wang, Shuaian; Jia, Haiying; Li, Kevin X. (2019) How big data enriches maritime research–a critical review of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data applications. En: Transport Reviews. Vol. 39; No. 6; pp. 755 - 773;
View of The importance of decoupling between freight transport and economic growth. Consultado en: 2023/03/16/14:41:31. Disponible en: https://journals.open.tudelft.nl/ejtir/article/view/3380/3533https://journals.open.tudelft.nl/ejtir/article/view/3380.
Verny, Jérôme (2007) The importance of decoupling between freight transport and economic growth. En: European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. Vol. 7; No. 2; Consultado en: 2023/03/16/. Disponible en: https://journals.open.tudelft.nl/ejtir/article/view/3380. Disponible en: 10.18757/ejtir.2007.7.2.3380.
Rodrigue, Jean-Paul (2007) Transportation and Globalization.
Ślusarczyk, Beata; TRANSPORT IMPORTANCE IN GLOBAL TRADE. Vol. 4;
Ascencio, L.M.; González-Ramírez, R.G.; Bearzotti, L.A.; Smith, N.R.; Camacho-Vallejo, J.F. (2014) A Collaborative Supply Chain Management System for a Maritime Port Logistics Chain. En: Journal of Applied Research and Technology. Vol. 12; No. 3; pp. 444 - 458; 16656423; Consultado en: 2023/03/16/14:59:50. Disponible en: http://www.jart.icat.unam.mx/index.php/jart/article/view/206. Disponible en: 10.1016/S1665-6423(14)71625-6.
dc.source.instname.none.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad del Rosario
dc.source.reponame.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/5da0e6a2-ed6a-4464-9cf8-d60948ccd73e/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/2378029a-47d9-4e69-b7d8-f27c05e83b36/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/5873df48-b8ee-4765-bcdd-ce583bfa5ccb/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/887eaada-9434-424d-ac44-0f4eb33d7496/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/5a564a23-a432-463f-8e11-9ca122f18837/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/aea70352-eec0-47ae-8a19-1523f74d67a9/download
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/7fe65096-a78e-44c4-9426-3b81a278c0b6/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 94fecbcfbe34e124d1698f96b57cd417
91a90394706dd58490c4b40a625adb70
d36faa47f6fa7b05e1259d7b9774c2fa
b2825df9f458e9d5d96ee8b7cd74fde6
5643bfd9bcf29d560eeec56d584edaa9
f03bc1ea1bb7fe77642086f0cb9ffad9
ec7c6dddd64eaf3f88802267515bee8f
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio institucional EdocUR
repository.mail.fl_str_mv edocur@urosario.edu.co
_version_ 1808390607382511616
spelling Agi, Maher4ad0c5ad-241d-4a8f-a127-4ebec86757db-1Ortega Hurtado, Paula AlejandraAdministrador de Negocios InternacionalesPregradoFull timecf117de4-9fa6-4692-9b47-2239e492d828-12023-10-23T19:36:31Z2023-10-23T19:36:31Z2023-10-15The global outbreak of COVID-19 has triggered profound disruptions across industries, with the maritime freight transportation sector being no exception. This study investigates the multifaceted repercussions of the pandemic on the maritime supply chain and explores the pivotal role of innovative technologies in mitigating its effects. Employing a mixed-method research approach, including surveys and secondary data analysis, the research comprehensively assesses how the industry has navigated the challenges posed by the pandemic and adapted through technological interventions.The global outbreak of COVID-19 has triggered profound disruptions across industries, with the maritime freight transportation sector being no exception. This study investigates the multifaceted repercussions of the pandemic on the maritime supply chain and explores the pivotal role of innovative technologies in mitigating its effects. Employing a mixed-method research approach, including surveys and secondary data analysis, the research comprehensively assesses how the industry has navigated the challenges posed by the pandemic and adapted through technological interventions. Through data collected from 60 experts via a structured questionnaire, interviews with 4 industry experts, coupled with insights from reputable sources such as UNCTAD, WTO reports and industry articles, the study reveals a complex web of transformations that have unfolded. Notably, over half of the respondents indicate a positive impact of COVID-19 on the maritime freight transportation industry. This impact is attributed to dynamic shifts in logistics services, increased transport costs, amplified technological adoption, and evolving cargo priorities. The research underscores the crucial role of digitalization and innovative technologies in bolstering the industry's resilience. The analysis elucidates that technologies such as bigdata, artificial intelligence, real-time tracking systems, and blockchain are emerging as pivotal enablers in streamlining operations, enhancing visibility, and facilitating efficient decision-making. Despite encountered challenges, including resistance to change and interoperability issues, the implementation of these technologies has proven instrumental in addressing the pandemic's disruptions. Moreover, the study sheds light on the progress made in recent years in the adoption of digital solutions within the maritime domain. The substantial growth experienced by the industry prior to the pandemic laid the groundwork for rapid digitalization, positioning the sector for continued technological advancements. While immediate impacts have been subtle, the collective efforts towards digital transformation are poised to yield substantial benefits in the years ahead, offering sustained optimization and adaptability in an ever-evolving market.106 ppapplication/pdfhttps://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/41214engUniversidad del RosarioEscuela de AdministraciónAdministración de Negocios InternacionalesAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 InternationalAbierto (Texto Completo)EL AUTOR, manifiesta que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original y la realizó sin violar o usurpar derechos de autor de terceros, por lo tanto la obra es de exclusiva autoría y tiene la titularidad sobre la misma. PARGRAFO: En caso de presentarse cualquier reclamación o acción por parte de un tercero en cuanto a los derechos de autor sobre la obra en cuestión, EL AUTOR, asumirá toda la responsabilidad, y saldrá en defensa de los derechos aquí autorizados; para todos los efectos la universidad actúa como un tercero de buena fe. EL AUTOR, autoriza a LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO, para que en los términos establecidos en la Ley 23 de 1982, Ley 44 de 1993, Decisión andina 351 de 1993, Decreto 460 de 1995 y demás normas generales sobre la materia, utilice y use la obra objeto de la presente autorización. -------------------------------------- POLITICA DE TRATAMIENTO DE DATOS PERSONALES. Declaro que autorizo previa y de forma informada el tratamiento de mis datos personales por parte de LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO para fines académicos y en aplicación de convenios con terceros o servicios conexos con actividades propias de la academia, con estricto cumplimiento de los principios de ley. Para el correcto ejercicio de mi derecho de habeas data cuento con la cuenta de correo habeasdata@urosario.edu.co, donde previa identificación podré solicitar la consulta, corrección y supresión de mis datos.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Capineri, Cristina; Leinbach, Thomas R. (2006) Freight Transport, Seamlessness, and Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy. En: European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. Vol. 6; No. 1; 1567-7141; Consultado en: 2023/03/07/12:52:19. Disponible en: https://journals.open.tudelft.nl/ejtir/article/view/4321. Disponible en: 10.18757/ejtir.2006.6.1.4321.Nistor, Filip (2014) THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. No. 2;Rothengatter, Werner; Zhang, Junyi; Hayashi, Yoshitsugu; Nosach, Anastasiia; Wang, Kun; Oum, Tae Hoon (2021) Pandemic waves and the time after Covid-19 – Consequences for the transport sector. En: Transport Policy. Vol. 110; pp. 225 - 237; 0967-070X; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X21001785. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.06.003.Yilmazkuday, Hakan (2022) Coronavirus disease 2019 and the global economy. En: Transport Policy. Vol. 120; pp. 40 - 46; 0967-070X; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X22000634. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.03.003.Gavalas, Dimitris; Syriopoulos, Theodoros; Tsatsaronis, Michael (2022) COVID–19 impact on the shipping industry: An event study approach. En: Transport Policy. Vol. 116; pp. 157 - 164; 0967-070X; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X21003371. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.11.016.Xu, Yanling; Li, Jing-Ping; Chu, Chien-Chi; Dinca, Gheorghita (2022) Impact of COVID-19 on transportation and logistics: a case of China. En: Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja. Vol. 35; No. 1; pp. 2386 - 2404; Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1947339. Disponible en: 10.1080/1331677X.2021.1947339. Merchandise Trade. En: Tableau Software. Consultado en: 2023/03/08/10:44:37. Disponible en: https://public.tableau.com/views/MerchandiseTrade_16285010592240/Dashboard?:embed=y&:showVizHome=no&:host_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F&:embed_code_version=3&:tabs=no&:toolbar=yes&:animate_transition=yes&:display_static_image=yes&:display_spinner=no&:display_overlay=yes&:display_count=yes&:language=en-GB&:loadOrderID=0. (2022) UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2022. En: Handbook of Statistics.Ascencio, L.M.; González-Ramírez, R.G.; Bearzotti, L.A.; Smith, N.R.; Camacho-Vallejo, J.F. (2014) A Collaborative Supply Chain Management System for a Maritime Port Logistics Chain. En: Journal of Applied Research and Technology. Vol. 12; No. 3; pp. 444 - 458; 16656423; Consultado en: 2023/03/09/14:25:57. Disponible en: http://www.jart.icat.unam.mx/index.php/jart/article/view/206. Disponible en: 10.1016/S1665-6423(14)71625-6. COVID-19 and Maritime Transport: Navigating the Crisis and Lessons Learned. Mwajita, Mwanaulu Issa; on trade-related aspects of Sustainable Development Goal 14:. he geography of trade and supply chain reconfiguration: Implications for trade, global value chains and maritime transport. Merk, Olaf; Performance of the maritime supply chain: connecting the dots. Kasych, Alla; Cherniavska, Olena; Bondarenko, Svitlana; Ievseitseva, Olena; Glukhova, Valentyna (2022) Industry 4.0 Technologies in Ensuring Environmental Friendliness of Production and Product Quality. En: 2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Modern Electrical and Energy System (MEES), Modern Electrical and Energy System (MEES), 2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on. pp. 1 - 1-6; 9798350346831; Consultado en: 2023/03/10/. Disponible en: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edseee&AN=edseee.10005692&site=eds-live. Disponible en: 10.1109/MEES58014.2022.10005692.Ghobakhloo, Morteza (2020) Industry 4.0, digitization, and opportunities for sustainability. En: Journal of Cleaner Production. Vol. 252; pp. 119869 0959-6526; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619347390. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119869. Deirdre McCloskey: Publications: Industrial Revolution. Consultado en: 2023/03/10/15:17:06. Disponible en: http://www.deirdremccloskey.org/articles/revolution.php.Freeman, Christopher; Louçã, Francisco; Louca, Francisco (2001) As Time Goes by: From the Industrial Revolutions to the Information Revolution. pp. 424 : Oxford University Press; 978-0-19-924107-1;Steenhuis, Harm-Jan; Pretorius, Leon (2017) The additive manufacturing innovation: a range of implications. En: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. Vol. 28; No. 1; pp. 122 - 143; 1741-038X; Consultado en: 2023/03/10/15:38:46. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-06-2016-0081. Disponible en: 10.1108/JMTM-06-2016-0081.Klingenberg, Cristina Orsolin; Borges, Marco Antônio Viana; Antunes, José Antônio do Vale (2022) Industry 4.0: What makes it a revolution? A historical framework to understand the phenomenon. En: Technology in Society. Vol. 70; pp. 102009 0160-791X; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160791X22001506. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102009.Fitzsimmons, Joe (1994) Information technology and the third industrial revolution. En: The Electronic Library. Vol. 12; No. 5; pp. 295 - 297; 0264-0473; Consultado en: 2023/03/10/16:19:59. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb045307. Disponible en: 10.1108/eb045307.Clark, Woodrow W.; Cooke, MJ Grant; Clark, Woodrow W. (2010) Chapter 2. En: Sustainable Communities Design Handbook. pp. 9 - 22; Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 978-1-85617-804-4; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781856178044000021.Marwala, Tshilidzi (2023) The Fourth Industrial Revolution has arrived. Comments on Moll (S Afr J Sei. 2023;119(1/2), Art. #12916). En: South African Journal of Science. Vol. 119; pp. 1 - 2; 0038-2353; Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0038-23532023000100020&nrm=iso.Groumpos, Peter P. (2021) A Critical Historical and Scientific Overview of all Industrial Revolutions. En: IFAC-PapersOnLine. Vol. 54; No. 13; pp. 464 - 471; 2405-8963; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405896321019297. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.10.492.Schiele, Holger; Bos-Nehles, Anna; Delke, Vincent; Stegmaier, Peter; Torn, Robbert-Jan (2021) Interpreting the industry 4.0 future: technology, business, society and people. En: Journal of Business Strategy. Vol. 43; No. 3; pp. 157 - 167; 0275-6668; Consultado en: 2023/03/10/17:48:06. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-08-2020-0181. Disponible en: 10.1108/JBS-08-2020-0181.Oliveira-Dias, Diéssica; Maqueira-Marín, Juan M.; Moyano-Fuentes, José (2022) The link between information and digital technologies of industry 4.0 and agile supply chain: Mapping current research and establishing new research avenues. En: Computers & Industrial Engineering. Vol. 167; pp. 108000 0360-8352; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360835222000705. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.108000.Ein-Dor, Phillip (2023) Emerging Information Technologies: Improving Decisions, Cooperation, and Infrastructure. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.; Disponible en: https://sk.sagepub.com/books/emerging-information-technologies.Gacovski, Zoran (2019) Internet of Things. Ashland: Arcler Press; 978-1-77361-624-7; Disponible en: http://ez.urosario.edu.co/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip&db=e000xww&AN=2013945&lang=es&site=eds-live&scope=site.Bormida, Marina Da; Iphofen, Ron; O'Mathúna, Dónal (2021) The Big Data World: Benefits, Threats and Ethical Challenges. En: Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research. Advances in Research Ethics and Integrity; Vol. 8; pp. 71 - 91; Emerald Publishing Limited; 978-1-80262-414-4 978-1-80262-411-3; Consultado en: 2023/03/14/12:09:20. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2398-601820210000008007.Tijan, Edvard; Aksentijević, Saša; Ivanić, Katarina; Jardas, Mladen (2019) Blockchain Technology Implementation in Logistics. En: Sustainability. Vol. 11; No. 4; pp. 1185 2071-1050; Consultado en: 2023/03/15/09:43:23. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/4/1185. Disponible en: 10.3390/su11041185.Francisco, Kristoffer; Swanson, David (2018) The Supply Chain Has No Clothes: Technology Adoption of Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency. En: Logistics. Vol. 2; No. 1; 2305-6290; Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6290/2/1/2. Disponible en: 10.3390/logistics2010002.Seebacher, Stefan; Schüritz, Ronny; Za, Stefano; Drăgoicea, Monica; Cavallari, Maurizio (2017) Blockchain Technology as an Enabler of Service Systems: A Structured Literature Review. pp. 12 - 23; Springer International Publishing; 978-3-319-56925-3;Soori, Mohsen; Arezoo, Behrooz; Dastres, Roza (2023) Machine learning and artificial intelligence in CNC machine tools, A review. En: Sustainable Manufacturing and Service Economics. pp. 100009 26673444; Consultado en: 2023/03/15/10:12:44. Disponible en: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2667344423000014. Disponible en: 10.1016/j.smse.2023.100009.Mahesh, Batta (2019) Machine Learning Algorithms -A Review. Zhou, Zhi-Hua (2021) Machine Learning. pp. 460 : Springer Nature; 9789811519673; Emerging approaches applied to maritime transport research: Past and future | Elsevier Enhanced Reader. Consultado en: 2023/03/15/13:49:41. Disponible en: https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2772424721000111?token=432B01B77AAA4C5601DF5D2E90BCC5CC3775BACA150249C1079931E19678A5F971D3E6428DC5C183CD5FCAADBB22B860&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20230315130823.Yan, Ran; Wang, Shuaian; Zhen, Lu; Laporte, Gilbert (2021) Emerging approaches applied to maritime transport research: Past and future. En: Communications in Transportation Research. Vol. 1; pp. 100011 2772-4247; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772424721000111. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2021.100011.Jović, Marija; Tijan, Edvard; Marx, Rebecca; Gebhard, Berit (2019) Big data management in maritime transport. En: Pomorski zbornik. Vol. 57; No. 1; pp. 123 - 141;Li, Qiu-xiang; Ji, Hui-min; Huang, Yi-min (2022) The information leakage strategies of the supply chain under the block chain technology introduction. En: Omega. Vol. 110; pp. 102616 0305-0483; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305048322000251. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2022.102616.Del, Giudice Manlio; Chierici, Roberto; Mazzucchelli, Alice; Fiano, Fabio (2020) Supply chain management in the era of circular economy: the moderating effect of big data. En: The International Journal of Logistics Management. Vol. 32; No. 2; pp. 337 - 356; 0957-4093; Consultado en: 2023/03/15/14:29:04. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-03-2020-0119. Disponible en: 10.1108/IJLM-03-2020-0119.Jurdana, Irena; Krylov, Artem; Yamnenko, Julia (2020) Use of artificial intelligence as a problem solution for maritime transport. En: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. Vol. 8; No. 3; pp. 201 Sanchez-Gonzalez, Pedro-Luis; Díaz-Gutiérrez, David; Leo, Teresa J.; Núñez-Rivas, Luis R. (2019) Toward digitalization of maritime transport?. En: Sensors. Vol. 19; No. 4; pp. 926 Yang, Chung-Shan (2019) Maritime shipping digitalization: Blockchain-based technology applications, future improvements, and intention to use. En: Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. Vol. 131; pp. 108 - 117; 1366-5545; Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1366554519307045. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2019.09.020.Munim, Ziaul Haque; Dushenko, Mariia; Jimenez, Veronica Jaramillo; Shakil, Mohammad Hassan; Imset, Marius (2020) Big data and artificial intelligence in the maritime industry: a bibliometric review and future research directions. En: Maritime Policy & Management. Vol. 47; No. 5; pp. 577 - 597; 0308-8839; Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2020.1788731. Disponible en: 10.1080/03088839.2020.1788731.Akyuz, Emre; Cicek, Kadir; Celik, Metin (2019) A Comparative research of machine learning impact to future of maritime transportation. En: Procedia Computer Science. Vol. 158; pp. 275 - 280;Yang, Dong; Wu, Lingxiao; Wang, Shuaian; Jia, Haiying; Li, Kevin X. (2019) How big data enriches maritime research–a critical review of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data applications. En: Transport Reviews. Vol. 39; No. 6; pp. 755 - 773; View of The importance of decoupling between freight transport and economic growth. Consultado en: 2023/03/16/14:41:31. Disponible en: https://journals.open.tudelft.nl/ejtir/article/view/3380/3533https://journals.open.tudelft.nl/ejtir/article/view/3380.Verny, Jérôme (2007) The importance of decoupling between freight transport and economic growth. En: European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. Vol. 7; No. 2; Consultado en: 2023/03/16/. Disponible en: https://journals.open.tudelft.nl/ejtir/article/view/3380. Disponible en: 10.18757/ejtir.2007.7.2.3380.Rodrigue, Jean-Paul (2007) Transportation and Globalization. Ślusarczyk, Beata; TRANSPORT IMPORTANCE IN GLOBAL TRADE. Vol. 4;Ascencio, L.M.; González-Ramírez, R.G.; Bearzotti, L.A.; Smith, N.R.; Camacho-Vallejo, J.F. (2014) A Collaborative Supply Chain Management System for a Maritime Port Logistics Chain. En: Journal of Applied Research and Technology. Vol. 12; No. 3; pp. 444 - 458; 16656423; Consultado en: 2023/03/16/14:59:50. Disponible en: http://www.jart.icat.unam.mx/index.php/jart/article/view/206. Disponible en: 10.1016/S1665-6423(14)71625-6.instname:Universidad del Rosarioreponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocURIndustria MarítimaCOVID 19Comercio InternacionalIndustria 4.0Supply ChainLogísticaMaritime freight transportationSupply chainInnovative technologiesDigitalizationResilienceLogisticsInternational tradeCovid-19The impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain of maritime freight transportation and the implementation of innovative technologies to mitigate its effectsEl impacto del COVID-19 en la cadena de suministro del transporte marítimo de carga y la implementación de tecnologías innovadoras para mitigar sus efectosbachelorThesisTrabajo de gradoTrabajo de gradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fEscuela de AdministraciónORIGINALThe_impact_of_COVID-19_on_the_supply_chain_OrtegaHurtado-PaulaAlejandra-2023.pdfThe_impact_of_COVID-19_on_the_supply_chain_OrtegaHurtado-PaulaAlejandra-2023.pdfapplication/pdf1236240https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/5da0e6a2-ed6a-4464-9cf8-d60948ccd73e/download94fecbcfbe34e124d1698f96b57cd417MD56Referencias.risReferencias.risapplication/x-research-info-systems60662https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/2378029a-47d9-4e69-b7d8-f27c05e83b36/download91a90394706dd58490c4b40a625adb70MD52Referencias 2.risReferencias 2.risapplication/x-research-info-systems27629https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/5873df48-b8ee-4765-bcdd-ce583bfa5ccb/downloadd36faa47f6fa7b05e1259d7b9774c2faMD53LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain1483https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/887eaada-9434-424d-ac44-0f4eb33d7496/downloadb2825df9f458e9d5d96ee8b7cd74fde6MD54CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-81160https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/5a564a23-a432-463f-8e11-9ca122f18837/download5643bfd9bcf29d560eeec56d584edaa9MD55TEXTThe_impact_of_COVID-19_on_the_supply_chain_OrtegaHurtado-PaulaAlejandra-2023.pdf.txtThe_impact_of_COVID-19_on_the_supply_chain_OrtegaHurtado-PaulaAlejandra-2023.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain100100https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/aea70352-eec0-47ae-8a19-1523f74d67a9/downloadf03bc1ea1bb7fe77642086f0cb9ffad9MD57THUMBNAILThe_impact_of_COVID-19_on_the_supply_chain_OrtegaHurtado-PaulaAlejandra-2023.pdf.jpgThe_impact_of_COVID-19_on_the_supply_chain_OrtegaHurtado-PaulaAlejandra-2023.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg2139https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/7fe65096-a78e-44c4-9426-3b81a278c0b6/downloadec7c6dddd64eaf3f88802267515bee8fMD5810336/41214oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/412142023-10-24 03:00:29.504http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalhttps://repository.urosario.edu.coRepositorio institucional EdocURedocur@urosario.edu.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