Sulfato de magnesio en intubación orotraqueal sin relajantes musculares: revisión sistemática con meta-análisis y análisis secuencial de ensayos

En anestesiología, el Sulfato de Magnesio actúa como sedante, analgésico y relajante muscular. La sedación se debe a la inhibición del receptor NMDA, reduciendo los requerimientos anestésicos halogenados y propofol. En analgesia, modula el estímulo nervioso y disminuye la liberación de catecolaminas...

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Fecha de publicación:
2024
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Universidad del Rosario
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Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
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spa
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https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/43073
Palabra clave:
Magnesium Sulfate
Rocuronium
Intubation Intratracheal
Intubation
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Magnesium Sulfate
Rocuronium
Magnesium Sulfate
Intubation Intratracheal
Intubation
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
id EDOCUR2_c87929f5bf09e56ccfd209b3f38e8e6b
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/43073
network_acronym_str EDOCUR2
network_name_str Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Sulfato de magnesio en intubación orotraqueal sin relajantes musculares: revisión sistemática con meta-análisis y análisis secuencial de ensayos
dc.title.TranslatedTitle.none.fl_str_mv Magnesium sulfate in orotracheal intubation without muscle relaxants: systematic review with meta-analysis and sequential analysis of trials
title Sulfato de magnesio en intubación orotraqueal sin relajantes musculares: revisión sistemática con meta-análisis y análisis secuencial de ensayos
spellingShingle Sulfato de magnesio en intubación orotraqueal sin relajantes musculares: revisión sistemática con meta-análisis y análisis secuencial de ensayos
Magnesium Sulfate
Rocuronium
Intubation Intratracheal
Intubation
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Magnesium Sulfate
Rocuronium
Magnesium Sulfate
Intubation Intratracheal
Intubation
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
title_short Sulfato de magnesio en intubación orotraqueal sin relajantes musculares: revisión sistemática con meta-análisis y análisis secuencial de ensayos
title_full Sulfato de magnesio en intubación orotraqueal sin relajantes musculares: revisión sistemática con meta-análisis y análisis secuencial de ensayos
title_fullStr Sulfato de magnesio en intubación orotraqueal sin relajantes musculares: revisión sistemática con meta-análisis y análisis secuencial de ensayos
title_full_unstemmed Sulfato de magnesio en intubación orotraqueal sin relajantes musculares: revisión sistemática con meta-análisis y análisis secuencial de ensayos
title_sort Sulfato de magnesio en intubación orotraqueal sin relajantes musculares: revisión sistemática con meta-análisis y análisis secuencial de ensayos
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Bareño Silva, Jose
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Magnesium Sulfate
Rocuronium
Intubation Intratracheal
Intubation
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Magnesium Sulfate
topic Magnesium Sulfate
Rocuronium
Intubation Intratracheal
Intubation
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Magnesium Sulfate
Rocuronium
Magnesium Sulfate
Intubation Intratracheal
Intubation
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
dc.subject.keyword.none.fl_str_mv Rocuronium
Magnesium Sulfate
Intubation Intratracheal
Intubation
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
description En anestesiología, el Sulfato de Magnesio actúa como sedante, analgésico y relajante muscular. La sedación se debe a la inhibición del receptor NMDA, reduciendo los requerimientos anestésicos halogenados y propofol. En analgesia, modula el estímulo nervioso y disminuye la liberación de catecolaminas, siendo eficaz en infusión intravenosa y epidural para reducir el dolor postoperatorio y el consumo de opioides. En la relajación muscular, puede sustituir a los bloqueadores neuromusculares, mejorando las condiciones de intubación sin afectar la hemodinámica. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados desde el 2000 hasta Julio de 2023, que se llevó a cabo siguiendo las directrices PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Ítems for Sistematic Review and Meta-Analysis), además se tuvo en cuenta las recomendaciones para revisiones sistemáticas del grupo Cochrane Back and Neck (CBN). Se evaluará y analizará la información de los artículos para probar las hipótesis planteadas, verificando el nivel de evidencia del cada artículo escogido. Resultados: La revisión sistemática abordó 5 ensayos clínicos con un total de 468 participantes. El meta-análisis reveló un riesgo relativo de 0.20 (IC del 95%: 0.11-0.36) para Sulfato de Magnesio vs. Solución Salina, indicando una reducción significativa del riesgo de condiciones de intubación clínicamente inaceptables. El análisis secuencial de ensayos sugiere que se necesitan más estudios (n=3442) para confirmar estos hallazgos. La certeza de la evidencia, evaluada mediante GRADE, se clasificó como "Moderada" para condiciones de intubación clínicamente inaceptables y "Alta" para condiciones de intubación orotraqueal. Conclusión: El uso de Sulfato de Magnesio en infusión, por al menos, 10 minutos previo a la inducción en pacientes sometidos a cirugía electiva para intubación orotraqueal es eficaz para evitar condiciones de intubación clínicamente inaceptables cuando se compara con placebo.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-07-18T19:26:22Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-07-18T19:26:22Z
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv 2024-06-18
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv bachelorThesis
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.document.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado
dc.type.spa.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/43073
url https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/43073
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.acceso.none.fl_str_mv Abierto (Texto Completo)
dc.rights.economicrights.none.fl_str_mv Derechos Patrimoniales
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Abierto (Texto Completo)
Derechos Patrimoniales
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 56 PP
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad del Rosario
dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Maestría en Epidemiología
institution Universidad del Rosario
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Soltani, Hassan-Ali; Hashemi, Seyed Jalal; Montazeri, Kamran; Dehghani, Alireza; Nematbakhsh, Mehdi (2016) The role of magnesium sulfate in tracheal intubation without muscle relaxation in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. En: Journal of Research in Medical Sciences : The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Vol. 21; pp. 96 1735-1995; Consultado en: 2024/07/16/00:31:15. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5244643/. Disponible en: 10.4103/1735-1995.193168.
Ahmed, Samar Abdel-Aziz; Attia, Zainab Mostafa; Salah, Amal Abdelazeem; Mohammed, Ahmed Mosallam (2023) Tracheal intubation without using neuromuscular blocking drugs in elective surgery. A Comparative Study. En: Zagazig University Medical Journal. Vol. 29; No. 1; pp. 9 - 16; 1110-1431; Consultado en: 2024/07/16/00:31:31. Disponible en: https://zumj.journals.ekb.eg/article_167463.html. Disponible en: 10.21608/zumj.2021.50227.2015.
Kim, Mi-Hyun; Oh, Ah-Young; Han, Sung-Hee; Kim, Jin-Hee; Hwang, Jung-Won; Jeon, Young-Tae (2015) The effect of magnesium sulphate on intubating condition for rapid-sequence intubation: a randomized controlled trial. En: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. Vol. 27; No. 7; pp. 595 - 601; 1873-4529; Disponible en: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.07.002.
Park, Seong-Joo; Cho, Youn-Joung; Oh, Ji-Hye; Hwang, Jung-Won; Do, Sang-Hwan; Na, Hyo-Seok (2013) Pretreatment of magnesium sulphate improves intubating conditions of rapid sequence tracheal intubation using alfentanil, propofol, and rocuronium. En: Korean Journal of Anesthesiology. Vol. 65; No. 3; pp. 221 - 227; 2005-6419; Consultado en: 2024/07/16/00:32:01. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3790033/. Disponible en: 10.4097/kjae.2013.65.3.221.
Nooraei, Navid; Dehkordi, Masih Ebrahimi; Radpay, Badiozaman; Teimoorian, Hooman; Mohajerani, Seyed Amir (2013) Effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate and lidocaine on hemodynamic variables following direct laryngoscopy and intubation in elective surgery patients. En: Tanaffos. Vol. 12; No. 1; pp. 57 - 63; 1735-0344; Disponible en: PMID: 25191450; PMC4153229.
Fei, Shoujun; Xia, Hengfu; Chen, Xiaowei; Pang, Dazhi; Xu, Xuebing (2019) Magnesium sulfate reduces the rocuronium dose needed for satisfactory double lumen tube placement conditions in patients with myasthenia gravis. En: BMC anesthesiology. Vol. 19; No. 1; pp. 170 1471-2253; Disponible en: 10.1186/s12871-019-0841-4.
Yap, L. C.; Ho, R. T.; Jawan, B.; Lee, J. H. (1994) Effects of magnesium sulfate pretreatment on succinylcholine-facilitated tracheal intubation. En: Acta Anaesthesiologica Sinica. Vol. 32; No. 1; pp. 45 - 50; 0254-1319; Disponible en: PMID: 8199810.
Choi, Eun-Su; Jeong, Woo-Jin; Ahn, Soon-Hyun; Oh, Ah-Young; Jeon, Young-Tae; Do, Sang-Hwan (2017) Magnesium sulfate accelerates the onset of low-dose rocuronium in patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery. En: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. Vol. 36; pp. 102 - 106; 1873-4529; Disponible en: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.10.020.
Ghodraty, Mohammad R.; Saif, Amir A.; Kholdebarin, Ali R.; Rokhtabnak, Faranak; Pournajafian, Ali R.; Nikzad-Jamnani, Ali R.; Shah, Anjan; Nader, Nader D. (2012) The effects of magnesium sulfate on neuromuscular blockade by cisatracurium during induction of anesthesia. En: Journal of Anesthesia. Vol. 26; No. 6; pp. 858 - 863; 1438-8359; Disponible en: 10.1007/s00540-012-1439-x.
Czarnetzki, Christoph; Albrecht, Eric; Masouyé, Philippe; Baeriswyl, Moira; Poncet, Antoine; Robin, Matthias; Kern, Christian; Tramèr, Martin R. (2021) Rapid Sequence Induction With a Standard Intubation Dose of Rocuronium After Magnesium Pretreatment Compared With Succinylcholine: A Randomized Clinical Trial. En: Anesthesia and Analgesia. Vol. 133; No. 6; pp. 1540 - 1549; 1526-7598; Disponible en: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005324.
Kim, M. H.; Oh, A. Y.; Jeon, Y. T.; Hwang, J. W.; Do, S. H. (2012) A randomised controlled trial comparing rocuronium priming, magnesium pre-treatment and a combination of the two methods. En: Anaesthesia. Vol. 67; No. 7; pp. 748 - 754; 1365-2044; Disponible en: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2012.07102.x.
Elmeligy, Mohamed Said Mostafa; Elmeliegy, Mohamed Fouad Mohamed (2021) Effect of Magnesium Sulfate Nebulization on Stress Response Induced Tracheal Intubation; Prospective, Randomized Study. En: Open Journal of Anesthesiology. Vol. 11; No. 4; pp. 128 - 135; Consultado en: 2024/07/16/00:33:49. Disponible en: https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=108728. Disponible en: 10.4236/ojanes.2021.114012.
Cizmeci, Pelin; Ozkose, Zerrin (2007) Magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to total intravenous anesthesia in septorhinoplasty: a randomized controlled study. En: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Vol. 31; No. 2; pp. 167 - 173; 0364-216X; Disponible en: 10.1007/s00266-006-0194-5.
Panda, Nidhi B.; Bharti, Neerja; Prasad, Seema (2013) Minimal effective dose of magnesium sulfate for attenuation of intubation response in hypertensive patients. En: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. Vol. 25; No. 2; pp. 92 - 97; 1873-4529; Disponible en: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2012.06.016.
Fuchs-Buder, T.; Tassonyi, E. (1996) Magnesium sulphate enhances residual neuromuscular block induced by vecuronium. En: British Journal of Anaesthesia. Vol. 76; No. 4; pp. 565 - 566; 0007-0912; Disponible en: 10.1093/bja/76.4.565.
Puri, G. D.; Marudhachalam, K. S.; Chari, P.; Suri, R. K. (1998) The effect of magnesium sulphate on hemodynamics and its efficacy in attenuating the response to endotracheal intubation in patients with coronary artery disease. En: Anesthesia and Analgesia. Vol. 87; No. 4; pp. 808 - 811; 0003-2999; Disponible en: 10.1097/00000539-199810000-00012.
Jee, D.; Lee, D.; Yun, S.; Lee, C. (2009) Magnesium sulphate attenuates arterial pressure increase during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. En: British Journal of Anaesthesia. Vol. 103; No. 4; pp. 484 - 489; 1471-6771; Disponible en: 10.1093/bja/aep196.
Ibiribigbe, W. O.; Idehen, H. O.; Amadasun, F. E. (2023) Attenuating the Pressor Response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Controlled Hypertensives: The Effect of Combining Lidocaine and Magnesium Sulphate. En: West African Journal of Medicine. Vol. 40; No. 2; pp. 129 - 136; 0189-160X; Disponible en: PMID: 36857471.
Mendonça, Fabricio Tavares; de Queiroz, Lucas Macedo da Graça Medeiros; Guimarães, Cristina Carvalho Rolim; Xavier, Alexandre Cordeiro Duarte (2017) [Effects of lidocaine and magnesium sulfate in attenuating hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation: single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized study]. En: Revista Brasileira De Anestesiologia. Vol. 67; No. 1; pp. 50 - 56; 1806-907X; Disponible en: 10.1016/j.bjan.2016.02.001.
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spelling Bareño Silva, Jose3faa6363-51fc-46ab-ab13-e86837d97368-1Lasso Andrade, Fabricio AndresMagíster en EpidemiologíaMaestríaFull time4a5b3033-00cc-4e38-a514-e75eab1ad1bd-12024-07-18T19:26:22Z2024-07-18T19:26:22Z2024-06-18En anestesiología, el Sulfato de Magnesio actúa como sedante, analgésico y relajante muscular. La sedación se debe a la inhibición del receptor NMDA, reduciendo los requerimientos anestésicos halogenados y propofol. En analgesia, modula el estímulo nervioso y disminuye la liberación de catecolaminas, siendo eficaz en infusión intravenosa y epidural para reducir el dolor postoperatorio y el consumo de opioides. En la relajación muscular, puede sustituir a los bloqueadores neuromusculares, mejorando las condiciones de intubación sin afectar la hemodinámica. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados desde el 2000 hasta Julio de 2023, que se llevó a cabo siguiendo las directrices PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Ítems for Sistematic Review and Meta-Analysis), además se tuvo en cuenta las recomendaciones para revisiones sistemáticas del grupo Cochrane Back and Neck (CBN). Se evaluará y analizará la información de los artículos para probar las hipótesis planteadas, verificando el nivel de evidencia del cada artículo escogido. Resultados: La revisión sistemática abordó 5 ensayos clínicos con un total de 468 participantes. El meta-análisis reveló un riesgo relativo de 0.20 (IC del 95%: 0.11-0.36) para Sulfato de Magnesio vs. Solución Salina, indicando una reducción significativa del riesgo de condiciones de intubación clínicamente inaceptables. El análisis secuencial de ensayos sugiere que se necesitan más estudios (n=3442) para confirmar estos hallazgos. La certeza de la evidencia, evaluada mediante GRADE, se clasificó como "Moderada" para condiciones de intubación clínicamente inaceptables y "Alta" para condiciones de intubación orotraqueal. Conclusión: El uso de Sulfato de Magnesio en infusión, por al menos, 10 minutos previo a la inducción en pacientes sometidos a cirugía electiva para intubación orotraqueal es eficaz para evitar condiciones de intubación clínicamente inaceptables cuando se compara con placebo.In anesthesiology, Magnesium Sulfate acts as a sedative, analgesic and muscle relaxant. Sedation is due to the inhibition of the NMDA receptor, reducing the requirements for halogenated anesthetics and propofol. In analgesia, it modulates the nervous stimulus and decreases the release of catecholamines, being effective in intravenous and epidural infusion to reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption. In muscle relaxation, it can replace neuromuscular blockers, improving intubation conditions without affecting hemodynamics. Methodology: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials from 2000 to July 2023, which was carried out following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, and the group's recommendations for systematic reviews were also taken into account. Cochrane Back and Neck (CBN). The information from the articles will be evaluated and analyzed to test the proposed hypotheses, verifying the level of evidence of each chosen article. Results: The systematic review addressed 5 clinical trials with a total of 468 participants. The meta-analysis revealed a relative risk of 0.20 (95% CI: 0.11-0.36) for Magnesium Sulfate vs. Saline Solution, indicating a significant reduction in the risk of clinically unacceptable intubation conditions. Trial sequential analysis suggests that further studies (n=3442) are needed to confirm these findings. The certainty of the evidence, assessed using GRADE, was classified as 'Moderate' for clinically unacceptable intubation conditions and 'High' for orotracheal intubation conditions. Conclusion: The use of Magnesium Sulfate infusion for at least 10 minutes prior to induction in patients undergoing elective surgery for orotracheal intubation is effective in avoiding clinically unacceptable intubation conditions when compared with placebo.56 PPapplication/pdfhttps://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/43073spaUniversidad del RosarioEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la SaludMaestría en EpidemiologíaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalAbierto (Texto Completo)Derechos PatrimonialesEL AUTOR, manifiesta que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original y la realizó sin violar o usurpar derechos de autor de terceros, por lo tanto la obra es de exclusiva autoría y tiene la titularidad sobre la misma. PARGRAFO: En caso de presentarse cualquier reclamación o acción por parte de un tercero en cuanto a los derechos de autor sobre la obra en cuestión, EL AUTOR, asumirá toda la responsabilidad, y saldrá en defensa de los derechos aquí autorizados; para todos los efectos la universidad actúa como un tercero de buena fe. EL AUTOR, autoriza a LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO, para que en los términos establecidos en la Ley 23 de 1982, Ley 44 de 1993, Decisión andina 351 de 1993, Decreto 460 de 1995 y demás normas generales sobre la materia, utilice y use la obra objeto de la presente autorización. -------------------------------------- POLITICA DE TRATAMIENTO DE DATOS PERSONALES. Declaro que autorizo previa y de forma informada el tratamiento de mis datos personales por parte de LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO para fines académicos y en aplicación de convenios con terceros o servicios conexos con actividades propias de la academia, con estricto cumplimiento de los principios de ley. Para el correcto ejercicio de mi derecho de habeas data cuento con la cuenta de correo habeasdata@urosario.edu.co, donde previa identificación podré solicitar la consulta, corrección y supresión de mis datos.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Suri, Yudhvir; Lamba, N. S.; Krishna, Rbm (2000) Neuromuscular blockade and intubation conditions of the single bolus dose (2xed90) of rocuronium bromide. En: Medical Journal, Armed Forces India. Vol. 56; No. 1; pp. 10 - 12; 0377-1237; Disponible en: 10.1016/S0377-1237(17)30080-1.Chen, Ni; Zhou, Shou-Jing; Yan, Hui-Chang; Xie, Zhi (2009) [Influence of neuromuscular blockade on motor evoked potential of forearm muscles]. En: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. Vol. 89; No. 7; pp. 445 - 448; 0376-2491; Disponible en: doi: 2491.2009.07.003.Pérez González, E.; Santos Rodríguez, F.; Coto García, E. (2009) Homeostasis del magnesio: Etiopatogenia, clínica y tratamiento de la hipomagnesemia. A propósito de un caso. En: Nefrología (Madrid). Vol. 29; No. 6; pp. 518 - 524; 0211-6995; Consultado en: 2024/07/16/00:08:20. Disponible en: <http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0211-69952009000600004&lng=es&nrm=iso>. ISSN 1989-2284.Albrecht, E.; Kirkham, K. R.; Liu, S. S.; Brull, R. (2013) Peri-operative intravenous administration of magnesium sulphate and postoperative pain: a meta-analysis. En: Anaesthesia. Vol. 68; No. 1; pp. 79 - 90; 1365-2044; Disponible en: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2012.07335.x.Duley, Lelia; Gülmezoglu, A. Metin; Henderson-Smart, David J.; Chou, Doris (2010) Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia. En: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Vol. 2010; No. 11; pp. CD000025 1469-493X; Disponible en: 10.1002/14651858.CD000025.pub2.Su, Zhantao; Li, Rui; Gai, Zhongtao (2018) Intravenous and Nebulized Magnesium Sulfate for Treating Acute Asthma in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. En: Pediatric Emergency Care. Vol. 34; No. 6; pp. 390 - 395; 1535-1815; Disponible en: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000909.Na, H.-S.; Lee, J.-H.; Hwang, J.-Y.; Ryu, J.-H.; Han, S.-H.; Jeon, Y.-T.; Do, S.-H. (2010) Effects of magnesium sulphate on intraoperative neuromuscular blocking agent requirements and postoperative analgesia in children with cerebral palsy. En: British Journal of Anaesthesia. Vol. 104; No. 3; pp. 344 - 350; 1471-6771; Disponible en: 10.1093/bja/aep379.Kim, Mi-Hyun; Oh, Ah-Young; Han, Sung-Hee; Kim, Jin-Hee; Hwang, Jung-Won; Jeon, Young-Tae (2015) The effect of magnesium sulphate on intubating condition for rapid-sequence intubation: a randomized controlled trial. En: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. Vol. 27; No. 7; pp. 595 - 601; 1873-4529; Disponible en: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.07.002.Barbosa, Fabiano Timbó; Neto, Olavo Barbosa de Oliveira; Barbosa, Luciano Timbó; Andrade, Raul Ribeiro de; Ribeiro, Êurica Adélia Nogueira; Rodrigues, Célio Fernando de Sousa (2020) [Effectiveness of magnesium sulfate compared to rocuronium for rapid sequence tracheal intubation in adults: clinical randomized trial]. En: Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (Elsevier). Vol. 70; No. 1; pp. 42 - 47; 2352-2291; Disponible en: 10.1016/j.bjan.2019.12.002.Weiser, Thomas G.; Haynes, Alex B.; Molina, George; Lipsitz, Stuart R.; Esquivel, Micaela M.; Uribe-Leitz, Tarsicio; Fu, Rui; Azad, Tej; Chao, Tiffany E.; Berry, William R.; Gawande, Atul A. (2015) Estimate of the global volume of surgery in 2012: an assessment supporting improved health outcomes. En: Lancet (London, England). Vol. 385 Suppl 2; pp. S11 1474-547X; Disponible en: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60806-6.van Gils, Mark; Korhonen, Ilkka; Yli-Hankala, Arvi (2017) Procedures for Evaluating the Adequacy of Anesthesia. En: Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering. Vol. 45; No. 1-6; pp. 187 - 218; 1943-619X; Disponible en: 10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v45.i1-6.100.Venkatraghavan, Lashmi; Royan, Nathan; Boyle, Sarah L.; Dinsmore, Michael; Lu, Nancy; Cushman, Kristina; Massicotte, Eric M.; Prabhu, Atul (2022) Effect of reversal of residual neuromuscular blockade on the amplitude of motor evoked potentials: a randomized controlled crossover study comparing sugammadex and placebo. En: Neurological Sciences: Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology. Vol. 43; No. 1; pp. 615 - 623; 1590-3478; Disponible en: 10.1007/s10072-021-05318-8.Shuman, Andrew G.; Fox, Erin R.; Unguru, Yoram (2020) COVID-19 and Drug Shortages: A Call to Action. En: Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy. Vol. 26; No. 8; pp. 945 - 947; 2376-0540; Consultado en: 2024/07/16/00:11:05. Disponible en: https://www.jmcp.org/doi/10.18553/jmcp.2020.26.8.945. Disponible en: 10.18553/jmcp.2020.26.8.945.Silva Filho, Sebastião E.; Sandes, Carlson S.; Vieira, Joaquim E.; Cavalcanti, Ismar L. (2021) Analgesic effect of magnesium sulfate during total intravenous anesthesia: randomized clinical study. En: Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (Elsevier). Vol. 71; No. 5; pp. 550 - 557; 2352-2291; Disponible en: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.02.008.Blake JA (1906) The Treatment of Tetanus by Magnesium Sulphate. En: Annals of surgery. Vol. 44; No. 3; pp. 367 - 367-73; 0003-4932; Consultado en: 2024/07/16/. Disponible en: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=17861856&site=eds-live. Disponible en: 10.1097/00000658-190609000-00002.Gabbe, S. G. 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