Insuficiencia tricuspídea: técnicas ecocardiográficas para evaluar la valvulopatía olvidada

La válvula tricuspídea es tradicionalmente conocida como la válvula olvidada por la menor importancia en cuanto a literatura publicada y ensayos clínicos disponibles hasta hace unos años. La ecocardiografía con sus diferentes modalidades de imagen se mantiene como el patrón de oro para determinar el...

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2018
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Universidad del Rosario
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Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
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spa
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https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_18375
http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/18375
Palabra clave:
Insuficiencia tricuspídea
Ecocardiografía 3D
Anatomía humana, citología, histología
Tricuspide regurgitation
3D echocardiography
Enfermedades cardíacas
Ecografía
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
id EDOCUR2_c18e57e6936f9ddd93eebc6170c2e28e
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/18375
network_acronym_str EDOCUR2
network_name_str Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Insuficiencia tricuspídea: técnicas ecocardiográficas para evaluar la valvulopatía olvidada
title Insuficiencia tricuspídea: técnicas ecocardiográficas para evaluar la valvulopatía olvidada
spellingShingle Insuficiencia tricuspídea: técnicas ecocardiográficas para evaluar la valvulopatía olvidada
Insuficiencia tricuspídea
Ecocardiografía 3D
Anatomía humana, citología, histología
Tricuspide regurgitation
3D echocardiography
Enfermedades cardíacas
Ecografía
title_short Insuficiencia tricuspídea: técnicas ecocardiográficas para evaluar la valvulopatía olvidada
title_full Insuficiencia tricuspídea: técnicas ecocardiográficas para evaluar la valvulopatía olvidada
title_fullStr Insuficiencia tricuspídea: técnicas ecocardiográficas para evaluar la valvulopatía olvidada
title_full_unstemmed Insuficiencia tricuspídea: técnicas ecocardiográficas para evaluar la valvulopatía olvidada
title_sort Insuficiencia tricuspídea: técnicas ecocardiográficas para evaluar la valvulopatía olvidada
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Salazar, Gabriel
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Jaimes, Claudia
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Insuficiencia tricuspídea
Ecocardiografía 3D
topic Insuficiencia tricuspídea
Ecocardiografía 3D
Anatomía humana, citología, histología
Tricuspide regurgitation
3D echocardiography
Enfermedades cardíacas
Ecografía
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv Anatomía humana, citología, histología
dc.subject.keyword.spa.fl_str_mv Tricuspide regurgitation
3D echocardiography
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv Enfermedades cardíacas
Ecografía
description La válvula tricuspídea es tradicionalmente conocida como la válvula olvidada por la menor importancia en cuanto a literatura publicada y ensayos clínicos disponibles hasta hace unos años. La ecocardiografía con sus diferentes modalidades de imagen se mantiene como el patrón de oro para determinar el mecanismo y la severidad de la insuficiencia tricuspídea. En los últimos años, la investigación ha permitido implementar la técnica 3D tanto en el examen transtorácico (TT) como en el transesofágico (TE), para evaluar la anatomía valvular tricúspide desde su aspecto auricular o ventricular, permitiendo analizar la estructura de sus valvas, sus variaciones anatómicas y los diferentes mecanismos o lesiones que pueden afectar su adecuado funcionamiento generando regurgitación tricuspídea con las consecuencias en morbimortalidad que esto conlleva.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2018-08-28T13:25:35Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2018-08-28T13:25:35Z
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv 2018-08-24
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2018
dc.type.eng.fl_str_mv bachelorThesis
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_18375
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/18375
url https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_18375
http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/18375
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.acceso.spa.fl_str_mv Abierto (Texto Completo)
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
Abierto (Texto Completo)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad del Rosario
dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de medicina
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Especialización en Ecocardiografía
institution Universidad del Rosario
dc.source.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Mascherbauer J, Maurer G. The forgotten valve: lessons to be learned in tricuspid regurgitation. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(23):2841-3. 2. Wafae N, Hayashi H, Gerola LR, Vieira MC. Anatomical study of the human tricuspid valve. Surg Radiol Anat. 1990;12(1):37-41. 3. Anwar AM, Geleijnse ML, Soliman OI, McGhie JS, Frowijn R, Nemes A, et al. Assessment of normal tricuspid valve anatomy in adults by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2007;23(6):717-24. 4. Martinez RM, O'Leary PW, Anderson RH. Anatomy and echocardiography of the normal and abnormal tricuspid valve. Cardiol Young. 2006;16 Suppl 3:4-11. 5. Xanthos T, Dalivigkas I, Ekmektzoglou KA. Anatomic variations of the cardiac valves and papillary muscles of the right heart. Ital J Anat Embryol. 2011;116(2):111-26. 6. Muraru D, Badano LP, Sarais C, Solda E, Iliceto S. Evaluation of tricuspid valve morphology and function by transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2011;13(3):242-9. 7. Michelsen S, Hurlen M, Otterstad JE. Prevalence of tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation diagnosed by Doppler in apparently healthy women. Possible influence on their physical performance? Eur Heart J. 1988;9(1):61-7. 8. Klein AL, Burstow DJ, Tajik AJ, Zachariah PK, Taliercio CP, Taylor CL, et al. Age-related prevalence of valvular regurgitation in normal subjects: a comprehensive color flow examination of 118 volunteers. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1990;3(1):54-63. 9. Chikwe J, Itagaki S, Anyanwu A, Adams DH. Impact of Concomitant Tricuspid Annuloplasty on Tricuspid Regurgitation, Right Ventricular Function, and Pulmonary Artery Hypertension After Repair of Mitral Valve Prolapse. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(18):1931-8. 10. Chan V, Burwash IG, Lam BK, Auyeung T, Tran A, Mesana TG, et al. Clinical and echocardiographic impact of functional tricuspid regurgitation repair at the time of mitral valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;88(4):1209-15. 11. Rodes-Cabau J, Taramasso M, O'Gara PT. Diagnosis and treatment of tricuspid valve disease: current and future perspectives. Lancet. 2016;388(10058):2431-42. 12. Shiran A, Sagie A. Tricuspid regurgitation in mitral valve disease incidence, prognostic implications, mechanism, and management. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(5):401-8. 13. Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, Larson MG, Freed LA, Fuller DL, et al. Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol. 1999;83(6):897-902. 14. Lancellotti P, Tribouilloy C, Hagendorff A, Popescu BA, Edvardsen T, Pierard LA, et al. Recommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an executive summary from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;14(7):611-44. 15. Taramasso M, Vanermen H, Maisano F, Guidotti A, La Canna G, Alfieri O. The growing clinical importance of secondary tricuspid regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(8):703-10. 16. Rogers JH, Bolling SF. The tricuspid valve: current perspective and evolving management of tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation. 2009;119(20):2718-25. 17. Ton-Nu TT, Levine RA, Handschumacher MD, Dorer DJ, Yosefy C, Fan D, et al. Geometric determinants of functional tricuspid regurgitation: insights from 3-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation. 2006;114(2):143-9. 18. Topilsky Y, Khanna A, Le Tourneau T, Park S, Michelena H, Suri R, et al. Clinical context and mechanism of functional tricuspid regurgitation in patients with and without pulmonary hypertension. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5(3):314-23. 19. Najib MQ, Vinales KL, Vittala SS, Challa S, Lee HR, Chaliki HP. Predictors for the development of severe tricuspid regurgitation with anatomically normal valve in patients with atrial fibrillation. Echocardiography. 2012;29(2):140-6. 20. Shinn SH, Schaff HV. Evidence-based surgical management of acquired tricuspid valve disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2013;10(4):190-203. 21. Badano LP, Muraru D, Enriquez-Sarano M. Assessment of functional tricuspid regurgitation. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(25):1875-85. 22. Ring L, Rana BS, Kydd A, Boyd J, Parker K, Rusk RA. Dynamics of the tricuspid valve annulus in normal and dilated right hearts: a three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;13(9):756-62. 23. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, 3rd, Guyton RA, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(22):e57-185. 24. Dreyfus GD, Martin RP, Chan KM, Dulguerov F, Alexandrescu C. Functional tricuspid regurgitation: a need to revise our understanding. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(21):2331-6. 25. Chopra HK, Nanda NC, Fan P, Kapur KK, Goyal R, Daruwalla D, et al. Can two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler color flow mapping identify the need for tricuspid valve repair? J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;14(5):1266-74. 26. Matsunaga A, Duran CM. Progression of tricuspid regurgitation after repaired functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. Circulation. 2005;112(9 Suppl):I453-7. 27. Grant AD, Thavendiranathan P, Rodriguez LL, Kwon D, Marwick TH. Development of a consensus algorithm to improve interobserver agreement and accuracy in the determination of tricuspid regurgitation severity. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2014;27(3):277-84. 28. Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA, Kraft CD, Levine RA, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16(7):777-802. 29. Lancellotti P, Moura L, Pierard LA, Agricola E, Popescu BA, Tribouilloy C, et al. European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 2: mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (native valve disease). Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010;11(4):307-32. 30. Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23(7):685-713; quiz 86-8. 31. Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA, et al. Recommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30(4):303-71. 32. Tribouilloy CM, Enriquez-Sarano M, Bailey KR, Tajik AJ, Seward JB. Quantification of tricuspid regurgitation by measuring the width of the vena contracta with Doppler color flow imaging: a clinical study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36(2):472-8. 33. Gonzalez-Vilchez F, Zarauza J, Vazquez de Prada JA, Martin Duran R, Ruano J, Delgado C, et al. Assessment of tricuspid regurgitation by Doppler color flow imaging: angiographic correlation. Int J Cardiol. 1994;44(3):275-83. 34. Lang RM, Mor-Avi V, Sugeng L, Nieman PS, Sahn DJ. Three-dimensional echocardiography: the benefits of the additional dimension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(10):2053-69. 35. Addetia K, Yamat M, Mediratta A, Medvedofsky D, Patel M, Ferrara P, et al. Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Interrogation of the Tricuspid Valve Using Knowledge Derived from Three-Dimensional Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016;29(1):74-82. 36. Seo Y, Ishizu T, Nakajima H, Sekiguchi Y, Watanabe S, Aonuma K. Clinical utility of 3-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation caused by pacemaker leads. Circ J. 2008;72(9):1465-70. 37. Al-Mohaissen MA, Chan KL. Prevalence and mechanism of tricuspid regurgitation following implantation of endocardial leads for pacemaker or cardioverter-defibrillator. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2012;25(3):245-52. 38. Gould L, Reddy CV, Yacob U, Teich M, DeMartino A, DePalma D, et al. Perforation of the tricuspid valve by a transvenous pacemaker. JAMA. 1974;230(1):86-7. 39. Paniagua D, Aldrich HR, Lieberman EH, Lamas GA, Agatston AS. Increased prevalence of significant tricuspid regurgitation in patients with transvenous pacemakers leads. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(9):1130-2, A9. 40. de Cock CC, Vinkers M, Van Campe LC, Verhorst PM, Visser CA. Long-term outcome of patients with multiple (> or = 3) noninfected transvenous leads: a clinical and echocardiographic study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000;23(4 Pt 1):423-6. 41. Klein AL, Jellis CL. 3D imaging of device leads: "taking the lead with 3D". JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(4):348-50. 42. Mediratta A, Addetia K, Yamat M, Moss JD, Nayak HM, Burke MC, et al. 3D echocardiographic location of implantable device leads and mechanism of associated tricuspid regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(4):337-47. 43. Sakai M, Ohkawa S, Ueda K, Kin H, Watanabe C, Matsushita S, et al. [Tricuspid regurgitation induced by transvenous right ventricular pacing: echocardiographic and pathological observations]. J Cardiol. 1987;17(2):311-20. 44. Lin G, Brady PA. Device lead-induced tricuspid regurgitation: does it matter? Heart. 2014;100(12):900-1. 45. Nath J, Foster E, Heidenreich PA. Impact of tricuspid regurgitation on long-term survival. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(3):405-9. 46. Hoke U, Auger D, Thijssen J, Wolterbeek R, van der Velde ET, Holman ER, et al. Significant lead-induced tricuspid regurgitation is associated with poor prognosis at long-term follow-up. Heart. 2014;100(12):960-8.
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spelling Jaimes, ClaudiaSalazar, Gabrielc378c73d-ac29-46bb-aa78-87b4f72326c9600Gelves, JulianSalazar, GabrielEspecialista en Ecocardiografía43248f10-cb3d-46c5-8a93-1f10c9f211c76009f4ab534-71d8-497e-a413-a6146f4104836002018-08-28T13:25:35Z2018-08-28T13:25:35Z2018-08-242018La válvula tricuspídea es tradicionalmente conocida como la válvula olvidada por la menor importancia en cuanto a literatura publicada y ensayos clínicos disponibles hasta hace unos años. La ecocardiografía con sus diferentes modalidades de imagen se mantiene como el patrón de oro para determinar el mecanismo y la severidad de la insuficiencia tricuspídea. En los últimos años, la investigación ha permitido implementar la técnica 3D tanto en el examen transtorácico (TT) como en el transesofágico (TE), para evaluar la anatomía valvular tricúspide desde su aspecto auricular o ventricular, permitiendo analizar la estructura de sus valvas, sus variaciones anatómicas y los diferentes mecanismos o lesiones que pueden afectar su adecuado funcionamiento generando regurgitación tricuspídea con las consecuencias en morbimortalidad que esto conlleva.The tricuspid valve is traditionally known as the forgotten valve because of the least importance in the published literature and clinical trials available until a few years ago. Echocardiography with its different imaging modalities remains the gold standard to determine the mechanism and severity of tricuspid regurgitation. In recent years, research permits 3D technique to be implemented both in the transthoracic (TT) and transesophageal (TE) echocardiogram, to evaluate the tricuspid valve anatomy from its atrial or ventricular aspect, allowing the structure of its leaflets to be analyzed, its anatomical variations and the different mechanisms or lesions that can affect its proper functioning generating tricuspid regurgitation with the consequences in morbidity and mortality.2020-08-29 01:01:02: Script de automatizacion de embargos. info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2020-08-28application/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.48713/10336_18375 http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/18375spaUniversidad del RosarioFacultad de medicinaEspecialización en EcocardiografíaAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 ColombiaAbierto (Texto Completo)EL AUTOR, manifiesta que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original y la realizó sin violar o usurpar derechos de autor de terceros, por lo tanto la obra es de exclusiva autoría y tiene la titularidad sobre la misma. PARGRAFO: En caso de presentarse cualquier reclamación o acción por parte de un tercero en cuanto a los derechos de autor sobre la obra en cuestión, EL AUTOR, asumirá toda la responsabilidad, y saldrá en defensa de los derechos aquí autorizados; para todos los efectos la universidad actúa como un tercero de buena fe. EL AUTOR, autoriza a LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO, para que en los términos establecidos en la Ley 23 de 1982, Ley 44 de 1993, Decisión andina 351 de 1993, Decreto 460 de 1995 y demás normas generales sobre la materia, utilice y use la obra objeto de la presente autorización. -------------------------------------- POLITICA DE TRATAMIENTO DE DATOS PERSONALES. Declaro que autorizo previa y de forma informada el tratamiento de mis datos personales por parte de LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO para fines académicos y en aplicación de convenios con terceros o servicios conexos con actividades propias de la academia, con estricto cumplimiento de los principios de ley. Para el correcto ejercicio de mi derecho de habeas data cuento con la cuenta de correo habeasdata@urosario.edu.co, donde previa identificación podré solicitar la consulta, corrección y supresión de mis datos.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf21. Mascherbauer J, Maurer G. The forgotten valve: lessons to be learned in tricuspid regurgitation. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(23):2841-3. 2. Wafae N, Hayashi H, Gerola LR, Vieira MC. Anatomical study of the human tricuspid valve. Surg Radiol Anat. 1990;12(1):37-41. 3. Anwar AM, Geleijnse ML, Soliman OI, McGhie JS, Frowijn R, Nemes A, et al. Assessment of normal tricuspid valve anatomy in adults by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2007;23(6):717-24. 4. Martinez RM, O'Leary PW, Anderson RH. Anatomy and echocardiography of the normal and abnormal tricuspid valve. Cardiol Young. 2006;16 Suppl 3:4-11. 5. Xanthos T, Dalivigkas I, Ekmektzoglou KA. Anatomic variations of the cardiac valves and papillary muscles of the right heart. Ital J Anat Embryol. 2011;116(2):111-26. 6. Muraru D, Badano LP, Sarais C, Solda E, Iliceto S. Evaluation of tricuspid valve morphology and function by transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2011;13(3):242-9. 7. Michelsen S, Hurlen M, Otterstad JE. Prevalence of tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation diagnosed by Doppler in apparently healthy women. Possible influence on their physical performance? Eur Heart J. 1988;9(1):61-7. 8. Klein AL, Burstow DJ, Tajik AJ, Zachariah PK, Taliercio CP, Taylor CL, et al. Age-related prevalence of valvular regurgitation in normal subjects: a comprehensive color flow examination of 118 volunteers. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1990;3(1):54-63. 9. Chikwe J, Itagaki S, Anyanwu A, Adams DH. Impact of Concomitant Tricuspid Annuloplasty on Tricuspid Regurgitation, Right Ventricular Function, and Pulmonary Artery Hypertension After Repair of Mitral Valve Prolapse. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(18):1931-8. 10. Chan V, Burwash IG, Lam BK, Auyeung T, Tran A, Mesana TG, et al. Clinical and echocardiographic impact of functional tricuspid regurgitation repair at the time of mitral valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;88(4):1209-15. 11. Rodes-Cabau J, Taramasso M, O'Gara PT. Diagnosis and treatment of tricuspid valve disease: current and future perspectives. Lancet. 2016;388(10058):2431-42. 12. Shiran A, Sagie A. Tricuspid regurgitation in mitral valve disease incidence, prognostic implications, mechanism, and management. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(5):401-8. 13. Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, Larson MG, Freed LA, Fuller DL, et al. Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol. 1999;83(6):897-902. 14. Lancellotti P, Tribouilloy C, Hagendorff A, Popescu BA, Edvardsen T, Pierard LA, et al. Recommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an executive summary from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;14(7):611-44. 15. Taramasso M, Vanermen H, Maisano F, Guidotti A, La Canna G, Alfieri O. The growing clinical importance of secondary tricuspid regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(8):703-10. 16. Rogers JH, Bolling SF. The tricuspid valve: current perspective and evolving management of tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation. 2009;119(20):2718-25. 17. Ton-Nu TT, Levine RA, Handschumacher MD, Dorer DJ, Yosefy C, Fan D, et al. Geometric determinants of functional tricuspid regurgitation: insights from 3-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation. 2006;114(2):143-9. 18. Topilsky Y, Khanna A, Le Tourneau T, Park S, Michelena H, Suri R, et al. Clinical context and mechanism of functional tricuspid regurgitation in patients with and without pulmonary hypertension. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5(3):314-23. 19. Najib MQ, Vinales KL, Vittala SS, Challa S, Lee HR, Chaliki HP. Predictors for the development of severe tricuspid regurgitation with anatomically normal valve in patients with atrial fibrillation. Echocardiography. 2012;29(2):140-6. 20. Shinn SH, Schaff HV. Evidence-based surgical management of acquired tricuspid valve disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2013;10(4):190-203. 21. Badano LP, Muraru D, Enriquez-Sarano M. Assessment of functional tricuspid regurgitation. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(25):1875-85. 22. Ring L, Rana BS, Kydd A, Boyd J, Parker K, Rusk RA. Dynamics of the tricuspid valve annulus in normal and dilated right hearts: a three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;13(9):756-62. 23. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, 3rd, Guyton RA, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(22):e57-185. 24. Dreyfus GD, Martin RP, Chan KM, Dulguerov F, Alexandrescu C. Functional tricuspid regurgitation: a need to revise our understanding. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(21):2331-6. 25. Chopra HK, Nanda NC, Fan P, Kapur KK, Goyal R, Daruwalla D, et al. Can two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler color flow mapping identify the need for tricuspid valve repair? J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;14(5):1266-74. 26. Matsunaga A, Duran CM. Progression of tricuspid regurgitation after repaired functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. Circulation. 2005;112(9 Suppl):I453-7. 27. Grant AD, Thavendiranathan P, Rodriguez LL, Kwon D, Marwick TH. 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