Reflexiones sobre el populismo y la polarización en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la democracia

En la última década, el populismo y la polarización han disparado las alarmas de las amenazas a la democracia en todo el mundo. Una literatura emergente considera que la hiperpolarización es un factor clave que contribuye a la erosión democrática y a la creciente autocratización (Carothers & O’D...

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dc.title.es.fl_str_mv	Reflexiones sobre el populismo y la polarización en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la democracia
title	Reflexiones sobre el populismo y la polarización en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la democracia
spellingShingle	Reflexiones sobre el populismo y la polarización en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la democracia Populismo en América Latina Polarización en América Latina Amenazas para la democracia Hiperpolarización Ciencia política
title_short	Reflexiones sobre el populismo y la polarización en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la democracia
title_full	Reflexiones sobre el populismo y la polarización en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la democracia
title_fullStr	Reflexiones sobre el populismo y la polarización en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la democracia
title_full_unstemmed	Reflexiones sobre el populismo y la polarización en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la democracia
title_sort	Reflexiones sobre el populismo y la polarización en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la democracia
dc.subject.es.fl_str_mv	Populismo en América Latina Polarización en América Latina Amenazas para la democracia Hiperpolarización
topic	Populismo en América Latina Polarización en América Latina Amenazas para la democracia Hiperpolarización Ciencia política
dc.subject.ddc.es.fl_str_mv	Ciencia política
description	En la última década, el populismo y la polarización han disparado las alarmas de las amenazas a la democracia en todo el mundo. Una literatura emergente considera que la hiperpolarización es un factor clave que contribuye a la erosión democrática y a la creciente autocratización (Carothers & O’Donahue, 2019; McCoy & Somer, 2018; Levitsky & Ziblatt, 2018; Haggard & Kaufman, 2021). En América Latina, el populismo de izquierda y de derecha ha sido un elemento básico del debate popular y académico durante, al menos, las dos últimas décadas, especialmente a partir de la elección de Hugo Chávez en 1998 y cuyo mandato empezó en 1999. Por el contrario, en Estados Unidos el debate académico se centró en la polarización política durante las últimas tres décadas, pero solo comenzó a incorporar el populismo con la elección de Donald Trump, en 2016. Incluso entonces, quienes estudian política comparada, a menudo latinoamericanistas, dominaron el análisis del populismo (Hawkins & Littvay, 2019; Weyland & Madrid, 2019; Inglehart & Norris, 2016; McCoy, 2016).
publishDate	2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2022-09-30T17:44:41Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2022-09-30T17:44:41Z
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv	2022-08
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2022-08
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dc.source.bibliographicCitation.es.fl_str_mv	Berman, S., & Kundnani, H. (2021). The cost of convergence. Journal of Democracy, 32(1), 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2021.0013 Bermeo, N. G. (2003). Ordinary people in extraordinary times: The citizenry and the breakdown of democracy. Princeton University Press. Bornschier, S. (2010). The new cultural divide and the two-dimensional political space in Western Europe. West European Politics, 33(3), 419-444. Carothers, T., & O’Donahue, A. (2019). Democracies divided: The global challenge of political polarization. Brookings Institution Press. Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Knutsen, C. H., Lindberg, S. I., Teorell, J., Alt-man, D.,... Ziblatt, D. (2020). V-Dem [Country–Year/Country–Date] Dataset v10. En Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. Dalton, R. J. (2018). Political realignment: Economics, culture, and electoral change. Oxford Scholarship. Dalton, R. J., & Berning, C. C. (2021). Ideological polarization and far-right parties in Europe. En H. U. Brinkmann & K.-H. Reuband (Eds.), Rechtspopulismus in Deutschland - Wahlverhalten in Zeiten politischer Polari-sierung. Springer Verlag. Green, D. P., Palmquist, B., & Schickler, E. (2002). Partisan hearts and minds: Political parties and the social identities of voters. Yale University Press. Hacker, J. S., & Pierson, P. (2020). Let them eat tweets: How the right rules in an age of extreme inequality. Liveright. Haggard, S., & Kaufman, R. (2021). Backsliding: Democratic regress in the con-temporary world. Cambridge University Press. Hawkins, K., & Littvay, L. (2019). Contemporary us populism in comparative perspective. Cambridge University Press. Hawkins, K. A. et al. (Eds.). The ideational approach to populism: Concept, theory, and analysis. Routledge. Inglehart, R., & Norris, P. (2016). Trump, Brexit, and the rise of populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash. hks Faculty Research Working Paper Series rwp16-026. Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012). Affect, not ideology: A social iden-tity perspective on polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3), 405-431. Kriesi, H., Grande, E., Lachat, R., Dolezal, M., Bornschier, S., & Frey, T. (2008). West European politics in the age of globalization. Cambridge Uni-versity Press. LeBas, A. (2011). From protest to parties: Party-building and democratization in Africa. Oxford University Press. Levick, L., & Olavarria-Gambi, M. (2020). Hindsight bias in expert surveys: How democratic crises influence retrospective evaluations. Politics, 40(4), 494-509. Levitsky, S., & Ziblatt, D. (2018). How democracies die. Crown. Magyar, B. (2016). Post-communist mafia state: The case of Hungary. Central European University Press. Mason, L. (2015). “I disrespectfully agree”: The differential effects of partisan sorting on social and issue polarization. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 128-145, https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12089 McCoy, J. (2016, 31 de marzo). What Hugo Chávez and Donald Trump have in common. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/idus368895877820160331 McCoy, J., Rahman, T., & Somer, M. (2018). Polarization and the global crisis of democracy: Common patterns, dynamics, and pernicious consequences for democratic polities. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(1), 16-42. McCoy, J., & Somer, M. (Eds.). (2018). Special issue: Polarization and de-mocracy. A Janus-faced relationship with pernicious consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(1). McCoy, J., & Somer, S. (2019a). Toward a theory of pernicious polarization and how it harms democracies: Comparative evidence and possible remedies. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 681(1), 234-271. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716218818782 McCoy, J., & Somer, M. (Eds.). (2019b). Special issue on polarized polities: A global threat to democracy. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,681(1). Mettler, S., & Lieberman, R. C. (2020). Four threats: The recurring crises of American democracy. St. Martin’s Press. emstein, D., Tzelgov, E., & Wang, Y. (2015). Evaluating and improving item response theory models for cross-national expert surveys. V-Dem Working Paper, 1. Roberts, K. M. (2021, 7 de junio). Populism and polarization in compa-rative perspective: Constitutive, spatial and institutional dimensions. Government and Opposition, 1-23. Sahd, J., Zovatto, D., Rojas, D., & Fernández, M. P. (Eds.). (2022). Riesgo político América Latina 2022. Centro Estudios Internacionales (ceiuc). Sani, G., & Sartori, G. (1983). Polarization, fragmentation and competition in Western democracies. En H. Daalder & P. Mair (Eds.), Western Eu-ropean party systems. Sage. omer, M., & McCoy, J. (2018). Déjà vu? Polarization and endangered de-mocracies in the 21st century. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(1), 3-15. Somer, M., & McCoy, J. (2019). Transformations through polariza-tions and global threats to democracy. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 681(1), 8-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716218818058 Somer, M., McCoy, J., & Luke, R. E. (2021, 12 de enero). Pernicious po-larization, autocratization and opposition strategies. Democratization, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2020.1865316 Tajfel, H., &Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. En W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-37). Brooks/Cole. Tarrow, S. (2022). Polarization and its discontents: What Europe’s past can tell us about America’s future, unpublished manuscript. Team Populism. (2018). Policy brief on Populism in Europe and the Americas: What, When, who and so what?https://populism.byu.edu/App_Data/Publications/SegoviaMemo%20_final.pdf Urbinati, N. (2019). Me the people: How populism transforms democracy. Harvard University Press. Weyland, K., & Madrid, R. L. (2019). When democracy Trumps populism: Eu-ropean and Latin American lessons for the United States. Cambridge Uni-versity Press. Zechmeister, E., & Lupu, N. (2019). Pulse of democracy. lapop. https://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/ab2018/2018-19_AmericasBarometer_Regio-nal_Report_10.13.19.pdf
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spelling	f7347b6e-4db4-4293-ab8a-7d5dbb7cab7e6002022-09-30T17:44:41Z2022-09-30T17:44:41Z2022-082022-08En la última década, el populismo y la polarización han disparado las alarmas de las amenazas a la democracia en todo el mundo. Una literatura emergente considera que la hiperpolarización es un factor clave que contribuye a la erosión democrática y a la creciente autocratización (Carothers & O’Donahue, 2019; McCoy & Somer, 2018; Levitsky & Ziblatt, 2018; Haggard & Kaufman, 2021). En América Latina, el populismo de izquierda y de derecha ha sido un elemento básico del debate popular y académico durante, al menos, las dos últimas décadas, especialmente a partir de la elección de Hugo Chávez en 1998 y cuyo mandato empezó en 1999. Por el contrario, en Estados Unidos el debate académico se centró en la polarización política durante las últimas tres décadas, pero solo comenzó a incorporar el populismo con la elección de Donald Trump, en 2016. Incluso entonces, quienes estudian política comparada, a menudo latinoamericanistas, dominaron el análisis del populismo (Hawkins & Littvay, 2019; Weyland & Madrid, 2019; Inglehart & Norris, 2016; McCoy, 2016).application/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/desafios/a.113070124-40352145-5112https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/36623spahttps://revistas.urosario.edu.co/index.php/desafios/article/view/11307https://revistas.urosario.edu.co/index.php/desafios/article/view/11307/10996Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 2.5 Colombiahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/co/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Berman, S., & Kundnani, H. (2021). The cost of convergence. Journal of Democracy, 32(1), 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2021.0013Bermeo, N. G. (2003). Ordinary people in extraordinary times: The citizenry and the breakdown of democracy. Princeton University Press.Bornschier, S. (2010). The new cultural divide and the two-dimensional political space in Western Europe. West European Politics, 33(3), 419-444.Carothers, T., & O’Donahue, A. (2019). Democracies divided: The global challenge of political polarization. Brookings Institution Press.Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Knutsen, C. H., Lindberg, S. I., Teorell, J., Alt-man, D.,... Ziblatt, D. (2020). V-Dem [Country–Year/Country–Date] Dataset v10. En Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.Dalton, R. J. (2018). Political realignment: Economics, culture, and electoral change. Oxford Scholarship.Dalton, R. J., & Berning, C. C. (2021). Ideological polarization and far-right parties in Europe. En H. U. Brinkmann & K.-H. Reuband (Eds.), Rechtspopulismus in Deutschland - Wahlverhalten in Zeiten politischer Polari-sierung. Springer Verlag.Green, D. P., Palmquist, B., & Schickler, E. (2002). Partisan hearts and minds: Political parties and the social identities of voters. Yale University Press.Hacker, J. S., & Pierson, P. (2020). Let them eat tweets: How the right rules in an age of extreme inequality. Liveright.Haggard, S., & Kaufman, R. (2021). Backsliding: Democratic regress in the con-temporary world. Cambridge University Press.Hawkins, K., & Littvay, L. (2019). Contemporary us populism in comparative perspective. Cambridge University Press.Hawkins, K. A. et al. (Eds.). The ideational approach to populism: Concept, theory, and analysis. Routledge.Inglehart, R., & Norris, P. (2016). Trump, Brexit, and the rise of populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash. hks Faculty Research Working Paper Series rwp16-026.Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012). Affect, not ideology: A social iden-tity perspective on polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3), 405-431.Kriesi, H., Grande, E., Lachat, R., Dolezal, M., Bornschier, S., & Frey, T. (2008). West European politics in the age of globalization. Cambridge Uni-versity Press.LeBas, A. (2011). From protest to parties: Party-building and democratization in Africa. Oxford University Press.Levick, L., & Olavarria-Gambi, M. (2020). Hindsight bias in expert surveys: How democratic crises influence retrospective evaluations. Politics, 40(4), 494-509.Levitsky, S., & Ziblatt, D. (2018). How democracies die. Crown.Magyar, B. (2016). Post-communist mafia state: The case of Hungary. Central European University Press.Mason, L. (2015). “I disrespectfully agree”: The differential effects of partisan sorting on social and issue polarization. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 128-145, https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12089McCoy, J. (2016, 31 de marzo). What Hugo Chávez and Donald Trump have in common. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/idus368895877820160331McCoy, J., Rahman, T., & Somer, M. (2018). Polarization and the global crisis of democracy: Common patterns, dynamics, and pernicious consequences for democratic polities. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(1), 16-42.McCoy, J., & Somer, M. (Eds.). (2018). Special issue: Polarization and de-mocracy. A Janus-faced relationship with pernicious consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(1).McCoy, J., & Somer, S. (2019a). Toward a theory of pernicious polarization and how it harms democracies: Comparative evidence and possible remedies. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 681(1), 234-271. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716218818782McCoy, J., & Somer, M. (Eds.). (2019b). Special issue on polarized polities: A global threat to democracy. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,681(1).Mettler, S., & Lieberman, R. C. (2020). Four threats: The recurring crises of American democracy. St. Martin’s Press.emstein, D., Tzelgov, E., & Wang, Y. (2015). Evaluating and improving item response theory models for cross-national expert surveys. V-Dem Working Paper, 1.Roberts, K. M. (2021, 7 de junio). Populism and polarization in compa-rative perspective: Constitutive, spatial and institutional dimensions. Government and Opposition, 1-23.Sahd, J., Zovatto, D., Rojas, D., & Fernández, M. P. (Eds.). (2022). Riesgo político América Latina 2022. Centro Estudios Internacionales (ceiuc).Sani, G., & Sartori, G. (1983). Polarization, fragmentation and competition in Western democracies. En H. Daalder & P. Mair (Eds.), Western Eu-ropean party systems. Sage.omer, M., & McCoy, J. (2018). Déjà vu? Polarization and endangered de-mocracies in the 21st century. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(1), 3-15.Somer, M., & McCoy, J. (2019). Transformations through polariza-tions and global threats to democracy. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 681(1), 8-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716218818058Somer, M., McCoy, J., & Luke, R. E. (2021, 12 de enero). Pernicious po-larization, autocratization and opposition strategies. Democratization, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2020.1865316Tajfel, H., &Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. En W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-37). Brooks/Cole.Tarrow, S. (2022). Polarization and its discontents: What Europe’s past can tell us about America’s future, unpublished manuscript.Team Populism. (2018). Policy brief on Populism in Europe and the Americas: What, When, who and so what?https://populism.byu.edu/App_Data/Publications/SegoviaMemo%20_final.pdfUrbinati, N. (2019). Me the people: How populism transforms democracy. Harvard University Press.Weyland, K., & Madrid, R. L. (2019). When democracy Trumps populism: Eu-ropean and Latin American lessons for the United States. Cambridge Uni-versity Press.Zechmeister, E., & Lupu, N. (2019). Pulse of democracy. lapop. https://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/ab2018/2018-19_AmericasBarometer_Regio-nal_Report_10.13.19.pdfPopulismo en América LatinaPolarización en América LatinaAmenazas para la democraciaHiperpolarizaciónCiencia política320600Reflexiones sobre el populismo y la polarización en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la democraciaarticleArtículohttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501McCoy, JenniferCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-81037https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/e1372313-af94-4f8a-b221-c8f144144329/download1487462a1490a8fc01f5999ce7b3b9ccMD53ORIGINALReflexionessobreelpopulismoylapolarizacion.pdfReflexionessobreelpopulismoylapolarizacion.pdfapplication/pdf876236https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/f78bd891-a343-4079-9ed2-9c154fd1151c/downloadad447c7d7f5ec8a205ad6365e3b039f8MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain1475https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/e9d06de1-4ad0-419a-8633-7d727706c7d7/downloadfab9d9ed61d64f6ac005dee3306ae77eMD52TEXTReflexionessobreelpopulismoylapolarizacion.pdf.txtReflexionessobreelpopulismoylapolarizacion.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain39535https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/b40513fc-1edb-44df-9fbb-06833acac2ba/download57b88ee0a4103728501bcccb7663b297MD54THUMBNAILReflexionessobreelpopulismoylapolarizacion.pdf.jpgReflexionessobreelpopulismoylapolarizacion.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4000https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/9d1542ba-5654-4aa6-9c65-6e856b37f8f9/downloade5be848e198d3d4d5aeed0b27add914bMD5510336/36623oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/366232023-01-16 08:30:12.214http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/co/Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 2.5 Colombiahttps://repository.urosario.edu.coRepositorio institucional EdocURedocur@urosario.edu.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

Reflexiones sobre el populismo y la polarización en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la democracia

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