Essays on aspirations and the labor market

Mi investigación explora las implicaciones de las creencias de los trabajadores sobre la oferta de trabajo y la desigualdad. Específicamente, me interesa la relación entre las aspiraciones y la provisión de esfuerzo en diferentes etapas de la vida. En el Capítulo 2, estudiamos la relación entre las...

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Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad del Rosario
Repositorio:
Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/43227
Acceso en línea:
https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_43227
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/43227
Palabra clave:
Aspiraciones ocupacionales
Orientación vocacional
Productividad
Movilidad laboral
Tiempo de cuidado
Creencias
Occupational aspirations
Career test
Productivity
Labor mobility
Caregiving time
Beliefs
Rights
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Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
id EDOCUR2_6f145e584a4944be294e42a92ab29139
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/43227
network_acronym_str EDOCUR2
network_name_str Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Essays on aspirations and the labor market
dc.title.TranslatedTitle.none.fl_str_mv Ensayos sobre aspiraciones y el mercado laboral
title Essays on aspirations and the labor market
spellingShingle Essays on aspirations and the labor market
Aspiraciones ocupacionales
Orientación vocacional
Productividad
Movilidad laboral
Tiempo de cuidado
Creencias
Occupational aspirations
Career test
Productivity
Labor mobility
Caregiving time
Beliefs
title_short Essays on aspirations and the labor market
title_full Essays on aspirations and the labor market
title_fullStr Essays on aspirations and the labor market
title_full_unstemmed Essays on aspirations and the labor market
title_sort Essays on aspirations and the labor market
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Mantilla Ribero, César Andrés
Rodríguez Lesmes, Paul Andrés
dc.contributor.gruplac.none.fl_str_mv Grupo de investigaciones. Facultad de Economía. Universidad del Rosario
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Aspiraciones ocupacionales
Orientación vocacional
Productividad
Movilidad laboral
Tiempo de cuidado
Creencias
topic Aspiraciones ocupacionales
Orientación vocacional
Productividad
Movilidad laboral
Tiempo de cuidado
Creencias
Occupational aspirations
Career test
Productivity
Labor mobility
Caregiving time
Beliefs
dc.subject.keyword.none.fl_str_mv Occupational aspirations
Career test
Productivity
Labor mobility
Caregiving time
Beliefs
description Mi investigación explora las implicaciones de las creencias de los trabajadores sobre la oferta de trabajo y la desigualdad. Específicamente, me interesa la relación entre las aspiraciones y la provisión de esfuerzo en diferentes etapas de la vida. En el Capítulo 2, estudiamos la relación entre las aspiraciones ocupacionales y el desempeño en una prueba estandarizada. Las aspiraciones ocupacionales son las respuestas de los individuos a la pregunta "¿Qué quieres ser cuando crezcas?" En nuestro experimento, los estudiantes deben hacer un listado de sus tres ocupaciones ideales. Usamos las puntuaciones esperadas y reales en un examen nacional de egreso de la educación media como indicador de la provisión de esfuerzo. Para estudiar esta relación, todos los estudiantes debían responder las preguntas de una prueba de orientación vocacional, pero solo el grupo de tratamiento recibió sugerencias de carrera. Realizamos este experimento de laboratorio en campo con estudiantes del último año de secundaria en Arauca, un departamento con una alta tasa de violencia debido al conflicto armado y una alta tasa de jóvenes que no están en educación, empleo o formación. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que, aunque las sugerencias de carrera pueden influir en las aspiraciones ocupacionales de los estudiantes, no parecen impactar en las puntuaciones esperadas o reales en el examen. Argumentamos que, aunque las aspiraciones ocupacionales pueden ser influenciadas por las sugerencias de carrera, no afectan el desempeño educativo. En el Capítulo 3, analizamos la relación entre las aspiraciones de ingreso y el desempeño en una tarea de codificación. Las aspiraciones de ingreso son las respuestas de los individuos a la pregunta "¿Qué nivel de ingreso te gustaría recibir por tu esfuerzo?" En nuestro mercado laboral experimental dual, los participantes podían recibir una tarifa alta o baja por pieza por el mismo tipo de tarea. Medimos la provisión de esfuerzo con base en el número de tareas completadas dentro de un tiempo establecido. En este experimento en línea supervisado, variamos exógenamente la regla para asignar a los participantes a los subgrupos de tarifa alta y tarifa baja por pieza. Invitamos a participantes entre 18 y 27 años, y caracterizamos dos muestras: solo estudiantes y trabajadores. Argumentamos que la percepción de movilidad laboral basada en la productividad puede transformar los incentivos para proporcionar esfuerzo. Además, los efectos para los trabajadores dependen de la regla que dicta la asignación inicial. En otras palabras, la percepción de movilidad es importante en la provisión de esfuerzo, lo que finalmente aumenta la productividad. En el Capítulo 4, exploramos la relación entre las aspiraciones de apoyo en la vejez y la valoración del cuidado. Las aspiraciones de apoyo en la vejez son las respuestas de los individuos a la pregunta "¿Qué tipo de apoyo te gustaría recibir en la vejez?" En nuestro viñeta hipotética, el apoyo en la vejez podría ser proporcionado por un hijo, un miembro de la familia o un cuidador profesional. La provisión de esfuerzo se mide como la cantidad de tiempo de cuidado parental esperado del hijo. En este estudio de viñetas, pretendemos explorar el sesgo de género en la asignación de tiempo esperado de cuidado, cambiando aleatoriamente el género de los destinatarios de las sugerencias de los participantes. Los participantes fueron invitados a través del Laboratorio de Economía Experimental y del Comportamiento de Rosario - REBEL de una muestra de no estudiantes, y recibieron el enlace de la encuesta por correo electrónico. Nuestro experimento reveló que el tiempo de cuidado informal esperado proporcionado por el hijo de una persona parece estar más influenciado por el tipo de cuidador que reemplaza al hijo, en lugar del género del hijo en sí.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-08-06T17:51:17Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-08-06T17:51:17Z
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv 2024-07-24
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv doctoralThesis
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.spa.none.fl_str_mv Tesis de doctorado
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_43227
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/43227
url https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_43227
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/43227
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.acceso.none.fl_str_mv Abierto (Texto Completo)
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Abierto (Texto Completo)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 152 pp
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad del Rosario
dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Economía
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Doctorado en Economía
institution Universidad del Rosario
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spelling Mantilla Ribero, César Andrése0d0b2e5-a260-4e3f-867c-ede09ab210b8-1Rodríguez Lesmes, Paul Andrés1026257993600Grupo de investigaciones. Facultad de Economía. Universidad del RosarioRincón Ramírez, Heiner FerleyDoctor en EconomíaDoctoradoFull timedd493990-651e-431b-bb81-1f3e0f122543-12024-08-06T17:51:17Z2024-08-06T17:51:17Z2024-07-24Mi investigación explora las implicaciones de las creencias de los trabajadores sobre la oferta de trabajo y la desigualdad. Específicamente, me interesa la relación entre las aspiraciones y la provisión de esfuerzo en diferentes etapas de la vida. En el Capítulo 2, estudiamos la relación entre las aspiraciones ocupacionales y el desempeño en una prueba estandarizada. Las aspiraciones ocupacionales son las respuestas de los individuos a la pregunta "¿Qué quieres ser cuando crezcas?" En nuestro experimento, los estudiantes deben hacer un listado de sus tres ocupaciones ideales. Usamos las puntuaciones esperadas y reales en un examen nacional de egreso de la educación media como indicador de la provisión de esfuerzo. Para estudiar esta relación, todos los estudiantes debían responder las preguntas de una prueba de orientación vocacional, pero solo el grupo de tratamiento recibió sugerencias de carrera. Realizamos este experimento de laboratorio en campo con estudiantes del último año de secundaria en Arauca, un departamento con una alta tasa de violencia debido al conflicto armado y una alta tasa de jóvenes que no están en educación, empleo o formación. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que, aunque las sugerencias de carrera pueden influir en las aspiraciones ocupacionales de los estudiantes, no parecen impactar en las puntuaciones esperadas o reales en el examen. Argumentamos que, aunque las aspiraciones ocupacionales pueden ser influenciadas por las sugerencias de carrera, no afectan el desempeño educativo. En el Capítulo 3, analizamos la relación entre las aspiraciones de ingreso y el desempeño en una tarea de codificación. Las aspiraciones de ingreso son las respuestas de los individuos a la pregunta "¿Qué nivel de ingreso te gustaría recibir por tu esfuerzo?" En nuestro mercado laboral experimental dual, los participantes podían recibir una tarifa alta o baja por pieza por el mismo tipo de tarea. Medimos la provisión de esfuerzo con base en el número de tareas completadas dentro de un tiempo establecido. En este experimento en línea supervisado, variamos exógenamente la regla para asignar a los participantes a los subgrupos de tarifa alta y tarifa baja por pieza. Invitamos a participantes entre 18 y 27 años, y caracterizamos dos muestras: solo estudiantes y trabajadores. Argumentamos que la percepción de movilidad laboral basada en la productividad puede transformar los incentivos para proporcionar esfuerzo. Además, los efectos para los trabajadores dependen de la regla que dicta la asignación inicial. En otras palabras, la percepción de movilidad es importante en la provisión de esfuerzo, lo que finalmente aumenta la productividad. En el Capítulo 4, exploramos la relación entre las aspiraciones de apoyo en la vejez y la valoración del cuidado. Las aspiraciones de apoyo en la vejez son las respuestas de los individuos a la pregunta "¿Qué tipo de apoyo te gustaría recibir en la vejez?" En nuestro viñeta hipotética, el apoyo en la vejez podría ser proporcionado por un hijo, un miembro de la familia o un cuidador profesional. La provisión de esfuerzo se mide como la cantidad de tiempo de cuidado parental esperado del hijo. En este estudio de viñetas, pretendemos explorar el sesgo de género en la asignación de tiempo esperado de cuidado, cambiando aleatoriamente el género de los destinatarios de las sugerencias de los participantes. Los participantes fueron invitados a través del Laboratorio de Economía Experimental y del Comportamiento de Rosario - REBEL de una muestra de no estudiantes, y recibieron el enlace de la encuesta por correo electrónico. Nuestro experimento reveló que el tiempo de cuidado informal esperado proporcionado por el hijo de una persona parece estar más influenciado por el tipo de cuidador que reemplaza al hijo, en lugar del género del hijo en sí.My research explores the implications of workers’ beliefs for labor supply and inequality. Specifically, I am interested in the relationship between aspirations and effort provision in different life stages. In Chapter 2, we study the relationship between occupational aspirations and performance on a standardized test. Occupational aspirations are individuals’ responses to the question “What do you want to be when you grow up?” In our experiment, students have to list their ranking of three ideal occupations. We used expected and actual scores in a national high school exit exam as an indicator of effort provision. To study this relationship all the students were required to answer the questions of a career test but only the treatment group received career suggestions. We conducted this lab-in-the-field experiment with students in the last year of high schools in Arauca, a department with a high rate of violence due to the armed conflict and a high rate of young people who are not in education, employment, or training. Our findings suggest that while career suggestions can influence students’ occupational aspirations, they do not appear to impact the expected or actual scores on the exam. We argue that although occupational aspirations can be influenced by career suggestions, they do not affect educational performance. In Chapter 3, we analyze the relationship between income aspirations and performance on a codification task. Income aspirations are individuals’ responses to the question “What level of income would you like to receive for your effort?” In our experimental dual labor market, par ticipants could receive either a high or a low piece rate for the same kind of tasks. We measured effort provision based on the number of tasks completed within a set time frame. In this proctored online experiment, we exogenously vary the rule to assign participants to the high piece rate and low piece rate sub-groups. We invited participants between 18 and 27 years old, and we charac terized two samples: only students and workers. We argue that the perception of labor mobility based on productivity may transform the incentives to provide effort. Moreover, the effects for workers are dependent on the rule dictating the initial allocation. In other words, the perception of mobility is important in the provision of effort, which ultimately increases productivity. In Chapter 4, we explore the relationship the relationship between old-age support aspirations and care valuation. Old-age support aspirations are individuals’ responses to the question “What type of support would you like to receive in old age?” In our hypothetical vignette, the old-age 1 support could be provided by an offspring, a family member or a professional caregiver. Effort provision is measured as the amount of parental care time expected from the offspring. In this vignette study, we aim to explore gender bias in expected caregiving time allocation by randomly changing the gender of the recipients of participants’ suggestions. Participants were invited via the Rosario Experimental and Behavioral Economics Lab - REBEL from non-students subject pool, and they received the survey link via email. Our experiment revealed that the expected informal caregiving time provided by an individual’s offspring seems to be more influenced by the type of caregiver replacing the offspring, rather than the offspring’s gender itself.Inclusión productiva y social: programas y políticas para la promoción de una economía formal, código 60185, que conforma la Alianza EFI, bajo el Contrato de Recuperación Contingente No. FP44842-220- 2018152 ppapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.48713/10336_43227 https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/43227spaUniversidad del RosarioFacultad de EconomíaDoctorado en EconomíaAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 InternationalAbierto (Texto Completo)EL AUTOR, manifiesta que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original y la realizó sin violar o usurpar derechos de autor de terceros, por lo tanto la obra es de exclusiva autoría y tiene la titularidad sobre la misma. PARGRAFO: En caso de presentarse cualquier reclamación o acción por parte de un tercero en cuanto a los derechos de autor sobre la obra en cuestión, EL AUTOR, asumirá toda la responsabilidad, y saldrá en defensa de los derechos aquí autorizados; para todos los efectos la universidad actúa como un tercero de buena fe. EL AUTOR, autoriza a LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO, para que en los términos establecidos en la Ley 23 de 1982, Ley 44 de 1993, Decisión andina 351 de 1993, Decreto 460 de 1995 y demás normas generales sobre la materia, utilice y use la obra objeto de la presente autorización. -------------------------------------- POLITICA DE TRATAMIENTO DE DATOS PERSONALES. Declaro que autorizo previa y de forma informada el tratamiento de mis datos personales por parte de LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO para fines académicos y en aplicación de convenios con terceros o servicios conexos con actividades propias de la academia, con estricto cumplimiento de los principios de ley. 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