Drivers of diversification in Heliconius, with special focus on the sara/sapho clade

La comprensión de los mecanismos y procesos que impulsan la diversificación biológica y la adaptación sigue siendo una pregunta importante en la biología evolutiva que requiere investigación interdisciplinaria que aborde el papel de factores bióticos (es decir, antecedentes genéticos, interacciones...

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Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad del Rosario
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Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
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spa
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oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/40996
Acceso en línea:
https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_40996
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/40996
Palabra clave:
Modelos de distribución de especies
Rearreglos cromosomales
Ecologia química
Heliconius
Species distribution models
Chromosomal rearrangements
Chemical ecology
Heliconius
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id EDOCUR2_59b0d9fbf96d3fe9530e93fe752b5ff9
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/40996
network_acronym_str EDOCUR2
network_name_str Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Drivers of diversification in Heliconius, with special focus on the sara/sapho clade
dc.title.TranslatedTitle.none.fl_str_mv Factores de diversificación en Heliconius, con especial atención al clado sara/sapho
title Drivers of diversification in Heliconius, with special focus on the sara/sapho clade
spellingShingle Drivers of diversification in Heliconius, with special focus on the sara/sapho clade
Modelos de distribución de especies
Rearreglos cromosomales
Ecologia química
Heliconius
Species distribution models
Chromosomal rearrangements
Chemical ecology
Heliconius
title_short Drivers of diversification in Heliconius, with special focus on the sara/sapho clade
title_full Drivers of diversification in Heliconius, with special focus on the sara/sapho clade
title_fullStr Drivers of diversification in Heliconius, with special focus on the sara/sapho clade
title_full_unstemmed Drivers of diversification in Heliconius, with special focus on the sara/sapho clade
title_sort Drivers of diversification in Heliconius, with special focus on the sara/sapho clade
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Salazar Clavijo, Camilo Andres
Pardo Díaz, Geimy Carolina
dc.contributor.gruplac.none.fl_str_mv Filoevomica
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Modelos de distribución de especies
Rearreglos cromosomales
Ecologia química
Heliconius
topic Modelos de distribución de especies
Rearreglos cromosomales
Ecologia química
Heliconius
Species distribution models
Chromosomal rearrangements
Chemical ecology
Heliconius
dc.subject.keyword.none.fl_str_mv Species distribution models
Chromosomal rearrangements
Chemical ecology
Heliconius
description La comprensión de los mecanismos y procesos que impulsan la diversificación biológica y la adaptación sigue siendo una pregunta importante en la biología evolutiva que requiere investigación interdisciplinaria que aborde el papel de factores bióticos (es decir, antecedentes genéticos, interacciones ecológicas) y factores abióticos (es decir, clima). En esta tesis, estudié aspectos biogeográficos, cromosómicos y químicos que contribuyen a la diversificación de las mariposas neotropicales del género Heliconius, especialmente las especies del clado sara/sapho. Aunque Heliconius es uno de los grupos mejor estudiados en el contexto de la biología evolutiva y la ecología, el clado sara/sapho ha sido en gran medida poco estudiado a pesar de tener características únicas. Por ejemplo, algunas de sus especies muestran altas tasas de diversificación y un mayor número de cromosomas en comparación con otros Heliconius, y también parece que las especies en el clado no pueden sintetizar cianógenos, lo que las lleva a depender de toxinas adquiridas de plantas hospederas larvarias. En el Capítulo I, utilicé 54,392 registros georreferenciados de 46 especies y 1,012 registros georreferenciados de 38 híbridos interespecíficos de Heliconius para investigar el papel del entorno en la formación de su distribución y riqueza, así como sus patrones geográficos de diversidad filogenética y endemismo filogenético. También evalué si la similitud de nicho promueve la hibridación. Descubrí que Heliconius muestra cinco patrones generales de distribución, en su mayoría explicados por la precipitación y la isotermalidad, y en menor medida por la altitud. Curiosamente, la altitud desempeña un papel importante como predictor de la riqueza de especies y la diversidad filogenética, mientras que la precipitación explica los patrones de endemismo filogenético. No encontré evidencia que respalde el papel del entorno en facilitar la hibridación, porque las especies hibridantes no necesariamente comparten el mismo nicho climático a pesar de que algunas de ellas tienen distribuciones geográficas en gran parte superpuestas. En general, confirmé que, al igual que en otros organismos, la alta temperatura anual, el suministro constante de agua y la complejidad espacial-topográfica son los principales predictores de la diversidad en Heliconius. En el Capítulo II, generé datos de resecuenciación de genoma completo para 114 individuos de siete especies en el clado sara/sapho para investigar: (i) relaciones filogenéticas a nivel de genoma completo, (ii) el grado de diferenciación genómica entre especies y subespecies, y (iii) el impacto de las reorganizaciones cromosómicas en la evolución del clado. La inclusión de múltiples especies y subespecies de este clado me permitió redefinir algunas de las relaciones previamente reportadas y identificar el efecto de la geografía en la formación de su diversidad. Curiosamente, también encontré evidencia de fusiones de cromosomas sexuales con autosomas 4, 9 y 14. Todas estas fusiones parecen estar asociadas con eventos de especiación en este clado, siendo la fusión del cromosoma sexual 4 la más antigua. Aunque aún no comprendo el papel o las consecuencias evolutivas de estas fusiones, mi estudio muestra que las reorganizaciones cromosómicas pueden evolucionar rápidamente dentro de un clado y generar diversidad cromosómica. En el Capítulo III, investigué cómo varían los cianógenos (defensas químicas de los adultos de Heliconius) tanto en composición como en concentración en nueve anillos de mimetismo y seis ecorregiones neotropicales. Encontré que la variación en el perfil cianogénico de Heliconius no se explica por el anillo de mimetismo al que pertenece una especie o su localidad. En cambio, la variación cianogénica es el resultado de la cercanía filogenética y, probablemente, factores ecológicos como la especialización de la planta hospedera, la diversidad y abundancia de las plantas hospederas locales disponibles, la disponibilidad de precursores para la biosíntesis de compuestos cianogénicos en plantas fuente de polen, así como la comunidad local de depredadores. Mis resultados concuerdan con modelos recientes y metaanálisis que mostraron que un aumento en la toxicidad de las presas no se traduce en un aumento en el aprendizaje de los depredadores ni en la generación de diversidad mimética.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-09-21T13:05:01Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-09-21T13:05:01Z
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv 2023-09-15
dc.date.embargoEnd.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2025-10-28
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv bachelorThesis
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.document.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado
dc.type.spa.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_40996
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/40996
url https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_40996
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/40996
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf
dc.rights.acceso.none.fl_str_mv Restringido (Temporalmente bloqueado)
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Restringido (Temporalmente bloqueado)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 182
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad del Rosario
dc.publisher.department.none.fl_str_mv Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas y Biológicas
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad del Rosario
institution Universidad del Rosario
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spelling Salazar Clavijo, Camilo Andres2662f3fb-e83f-4531-8481-105ada41efbd-1Pardo Díaz, Geimy Carolina53107311600FiloevomicaRueda Muñoz, Nicol MagalyDoctor en Ciencias Biomédicas y BiológicasDoctoradoFull time7934e4ee-1ec1-4d1d-b057-e9aff431e72d-12023-09-21T13:05:01Z2023-09-21T13:05:01Z2023-09-15info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2025-10-28La comprensión de los mecanismos y procesos que impulsan la diversificación biológica y la adaptación sigue siendo una pregunta importante en la biología evolutiva que requiere investigación interdisciplinaria que aborde el papel de factores bióticos (es decir, antecedentes genéticos, interacciones ecológicas) y factores abióticos (es decir, clima). En esta tesis, estudié aspectos biogeográficos, cromosómicos y químicos que contribuyen a la diversificación de las mariposas neotropicales del género Heliconius, especialmente las especies del clado sara/sapho. Aunque Heliconius es uno de los grupos mejor estudiados en el contexto de la biología evolutiva y la ecología, el clado sara/sapho ha sido en gran medida poco estudiado a pesar de tener características únicas. Por ejemplo, algunas de sus especies muestran altas tasas de diversificación y un mayor número de cromosomas en comparación con otros Heliconius, y también parece que las especies en el clado no pueden sintetizar cianógenos, lo que las lleva a depender de toxinas adquiridas de plantas hospederas larvarias. En el Capítulo I, utilicé 54,392 registros georreferenciados de 46 especies y 1,012 registros georreferenciados de 38 híbridos interespecíficos de Heliconius para investigar el papel del entorno en la formación de su distribución y riqueza, así como sus patrones geográficos de diversidad filogenética y endemismo filogenético. También evalué si la similitud de nicho promueve la hibridación. Descubrí que Heliconius muestra cinco patrones generales de distribución, en su mayoría explicados por la precipitación y la isotermalidad, y en menor medida por la altitud. Curiosamente, la altitud desempeña un papel importante como predictor de la riqueza de especies y la diversidad filogenética, mientras que la precipitación explica los patrones de endemismo filogenético. No encontré evidencia que respalde el papel del entorno en facilitar la hibridación, porque las especies hibridantes no necesariamente comparten el mismo nicho climático a pesar de que algunas de ellas tienen distribuciones geográficas en gran parte superpuestas. En general, confirmé que, al igual que en otros organismos, la alta temperatura anual, el suministro constante de agua y la complejidad espacial-topográfica son los principales predictores de la diversidad en Heliconius. En el Capítulo II, generé datos de resecuenciación de genoma completo para 114 individuos de siete especies en el clado sara/sapho para investigar: (i) relaciones filogenéticas a nivel de genoma completo, (ii) el grado de diferenciación genómica entre especies y subespecies, y (iii) el impacto de las reorganizaciones cromosómicas en la evolución del clado. La inclusión de múltiples especies y subespecies de este clado me permitió redefinir algunas de las relaciones previamente reportadas y identificar el efecto de la geografía en la formación de su diversidad. Curiosamente, también encontré evidencia de fusiones de cromosomas sexuales con autosomas 4, 9 y 14. Todas estas fusiones parecen estar asociadas con eventos de especiación en este clado, siendo la fusión del cromosoma sexual 4 la más antigua. Aunque aún no comprendo el papel o las consecuencias evolutivas de estas fusiones, mi estudio muestra que las reorganizaciones cromosómicas pueden evolucionar rápidamente dentro de un clado y generar diversidad cromosómica. En el Capítulo III, investigué cómo varían los cianógenos (defensas químicas de los adultos de Heliconius) tanto en composición como en concentración en nueve anillos de mimetismo y seis ecorregiones neotropicales. Encontré que la variación en el perfil cianogénico de Heliconius no se explica por el anillo de mimetismo al que pertenece una especie o su localidad. En cambio, la variación cianogénica es el resultado de la cercanía filogenética y, probablemente, factores ecológicos como la especialización de la planta hospedera, la diversidad y abundancia de las plantas hospederas locales disponibles, la disponibilidad de precursores para la biosíntesis de compuestos cianogénicos en plantas fuente de polen, así como la comunidad local de depredadores. Mis resultados concuerdan con modelos recientes y metaanálisis que mostraron que un aumento en la toxicidad de las presas no se traduce en un aumento en el aprendizaje de los depredadores ni en la generación de diversidad mimética.Understanding the mechanisms and processes driving biological diversification and adaptation is still a major question in evolutionary biology that requires interdisciplinary research that addresses the role of biotic (i.e., genetic background, ecological interactions) and abiotic factors (i.e., climate). In this dissertation I studied biogeographic, chromosomic, and chemical aspects that contribute to the diversification of the Neotropical butterflies of the genus Heliconius, especially species in the sara/sapho clade. Although Heliconius is one of the best studied groups in the context of evolutionary biology and ecology, the clade sara/sapho has been largely unstudied despite having unique features. For example, some of its species show high diversification rates and a higher number of chromosomes compared to other Heliconius, and also, species in the clade seem unable to synthesise cyanogens leading to reliance on toxins sequestered from larval host plants. In Chapter I, I used 54,392 georeferenced records for 46 species and 1,012 georeferenced records for 38 interspecific hybrids of Heliconius to investigate the role of the environment in shaping their distribution and richness, as well as their geographic patterns of phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism. I also evaluated whether niche similarity promotes hybridization. I found that Heliconius displays five general distribution patterns mostly explained by precipitation and isothermality, and to a lesser extent, by altitude. Interestingly, altitude plays a major role as a predictor of species richness and phylogenetic diversity, while precipitation explains patterns of phylogenetic endemism. I did not find evidence supporting the role of the environment in facilitating hybridization because hybridizing species do not necessarily share the same climatic niche despite some of them having largely overlapping geographic distributions. Overall, I confirmed that, as in other organisms, high annual temperature, a constant supply of water, and spatial- topographic complexity are the main predictors of diversity in Heliconius. In Chapter II, I generated whole genome resequencing data for 114 individuals from seven species in the sara/sapho clade to investigate: (i) genome-wide phylogenetic relationships, (ii) the degree of genomic differentiation between species and subspecies, and (iii) the impact of chromosomal rearrangements in the evolution of the clade. The inclusion of multiple species and subspecies of this clade allowed me to redefine some of the relations previously reported, and to identify the effect of geography in shaping their diversity. Interestingly, I also found evidence for sex- autosome fusions involving autosomes 4, 9, and 14. All of these fusions seem to be associated with speciation events in this clade, with the sex-autosome 4 fusion being the oldest one. Although I do not yet understand the role or evolutionary consequences of these fusions, my study shows that chromosomal rearrangements can evolve rapidly within a clade and generate chromosomal diversity. In Chapter III, I investigated how cyanogens (chemical defences of adult Heliconius) vary both in composition and concentration across nine mimicry rings and six Neotropical ecoregions. I found that variation in the cyanogenic profile of Heliconius is not explained by the mimicry ring that a species belongs to or its locality. Instead, cyanogenic variation is the result of phylogenetic closeness and, likely, ecological factors such as host plant specialization, diversity and abundance of local hostplants locally available, availability of precursors for biosynthesis of cyanogenic compounds in pollen-source plants, as well as the local predator community. My results agree with recent modelling and meta-analyses that showed that increased toxicity of preys does not translate into increased predator learning or generation of mimetic diversity.Universidad del RosarioMinisterio de Ciencia tecnologia e innovacion182application/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.48713/10336_40996 https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/40996spaUniversidad del RosarioEscuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la SaludDoctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas y BiológicasAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalRestringido (Temporalmente bloqueado)PARGRAFO: En caso de presentarse cualquier reclamación o acción por parte de un tercero en cuanto a los derechos de autor sobre la obra en cuestión, EL AUTOR, asumirá toda la responsabilidad, y saldrá en defensa de los derechos aquí autorizados; para todos los efectos la universidad actúa como un tercero de buena fe.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfCarabajal Paladino, Leonela Z; Provazníková, Irena; Berger, Madeleine; Bass, Chris; Aratchige, Nayanie S; López, Silvia N; Marec, František; Nguyen, Petr; Barluenga, Marta (2019) Sex Chromosome Turnover in Moths of the Diverse Superfamily Gelechioidea. 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