Building Bridges: Contemporary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and International Human Rights Law
This book includes a collection of essays authored by academics, activists, and practitioners reflecting on critical advances and challenges in the areas of gender and sexuality and their linkages to international law and human rights. Feminists have long intervened to advance women’s rights, substa...
- Autores:
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Universidad del Rosario
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/44137
- Acceso en línea:
- https://doi.org/10.12804/urosario9789585003835
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/44137
- Palabra clave:
- Derecho
Derechos LGBTIQ+
Género
Sexualidad
Igualdad de género
Estudios de género
Derecho internacional
Perspectivas contemporáneas
Justicia social
Law
LGBTIQ+ Rights
Gender
Sexuality
Gender Equality
Gender Studies
International Law
Contemporary Perspectives
Social Justice
- Rights
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
id |
EDOCUR2_239be0939800aeaa0dd030fd55f90d1f |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/44137 |
network_acronym_str |
EDOCUR2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Building Bridges: Contemporary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and International Human Rights Law |
dc.title.TranslatedTitle.none.fl_str_mv |
Construyendo puentes: perspectivas contemporáneas sobre género, sexualidad y derecho internacional de los derechos humanos |
title |
Building Bridges: Contemporary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and International Human Rights Law |
spellingShingle |
Building Bridges: Contemporary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and International Human Rights Law Derecho Derechos LGBTIQ+ Género Sexualidad Igualdad de género Estudios de género Derecho internacional Perspectivas contemporáneas Justicia social Law LGBTIQ+ Rights Gender Sexuality Gender Equality Gender Studies International Law Contemporary Perspectives Social Justice |
title_short |
Building Bridges: Contemporary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and International Human Rights Law |
title_full |
Building Bridges: Contemporary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and International Human Rights Law |
title_fullStr |
Building Bridges: Contemporary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and International Human Rights Law |
title_full_unstemmed |
Building Bridges: Contemporary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and International Human Rights Law |
title_sort |
Building Bridges: Contemporary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and International Human Rights Law |
dc.contributor.editor.none.fl_str_mv |
Beltrán y Puga, Alma Celorio, Rosa |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Derecho Derechos LGBTIQ+ Género Sexualidad Igualdad de género Estudios de género Derecho internacional Perspectivas contemporáneas Justicia social |
topic |
Derecho Derechos LGBTIQ+ Género Sexualidad Igualdad de género Estudios de género Derecho internacional Perspectivas contemporáneas Justicia social Law LGBTIQ+ Rights Gender Sexuality Gender Equality Gender Studies International Law Contemporary Perspectives Social Justice |
dc.subject.keyword.none.fl_str_mv |
Law LGBTIQ+ Rights Gender Sexuality Gender Equality Gender Studies International Law Contemporary Perspectives Social Justice |
description |
This book includes a collection of essays authored by academics, activists, and practitioners reflecting on critical advances and challenges in the areas of gender and sexuality and their linkages to international law and human rights. Feminists have long intervened to advance women’s rights, substantial equality, and the eradication of gender-based violence using international law as an important tool, through policy action and the litigation of cases before the universal and regional human rights systems and other strategies. The LGBTIQ+ community has also injected a queer perspective to international law. Therefore, a diversity of scholars and activists discuss in this volume paramount issues in international law and explore them with a feminist, queer or gendered, and human rights perspectives. The essays promote a rich discussion of critical topics such as those connected to intersectional discrimination, violence against women and LGBTIQ+ persons, sexual and reproductive rights, and challenges to protect human rights in situations of armed conflict and contexts of crisis. |
publishDate |
2024 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-19T14:53:40Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-19T14:53:40Z |
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-19 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-07-24 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
book |
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2f33 |
dc.type.spa.none.fl_str_mv |
Libro |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.12804/urosario9789585003835 |
dc.identifier.isbn.none.fl_str_mv |
978-958-500-383-5 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/44137 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.12804/urosario9789585003835 https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/44137 |
identifier_str_mv |
978-958-500-383-5 |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.isversionof.none.fl_str_mv |
1 |
dc.relation.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://editorial.urosario.edu.co/catalog/product/view/id/7627/s/gpd-building-bridges-9789585003835-66df309fd0975/category/603/ |
dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.acceso.none.fl_str_mv |
Abierto (Texto Completo) |
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Abierto (Texto Completo) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
303 pp |
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Editorial Universidad del Rosario |
institution |
Universidad del Rosario |
dc.source.bibliographicCitation.none.fl_str_mv |
Charlesworth, Hilary. 1995. “Feminists Critiques of International Law and Their Critics.” Third World Legal Studies, 13 (1): 1-16. Gilleri, Giovanna. 2022. “Abandoning Gender ‘Identity.’” AJIL Unbound, 116: 27-31. http://doi.org/10.1017/aju.2021.68 Otto, Diane. 2015. “Queering Gender [Identity] in International Law.” Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 33 (4): 299-318. http://doi.org/10.1080/189181 31.2016.1123474 Rubio-Marín, Ruth, ed. 2009. The Gender of Reparations: Unsettling Sexual Hierarchies While Redressing Human Rights Violations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Smith, Anna Marie. 2016. “Subjectivity and Subjectivation.” In The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory, edited by Lisa Disch and Mary Hawkesworth, 955-972. New York: Oxford University Press. Weber, Sanne. 2018. “From Victims and Mothers to Citizens: Gender-Just Transformative Reparations and the Need for Public and Private Transitions.” International Journal of Transitional Justice, 12 (1): 88-107. https://doi. org/10.1093/ijtj/ijx030 Agencias. 2021. “El Gobierno dice que Igualdad está «obligada» a incorporar las medidas de la OMS y la ONU sobre «violencia obstétrica».” Moncloa, July 27, 2021. https://www.moncloa.com/2021/07/27/gobierno-igualdad-medidas-violencia-obstetrica/ Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. 2007. “Ley orgánica sobre el derecho de las mujeres a una vida libre de violencia.” Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, April 23, 2007. https://www.acnur.org/fileadmin/Documentos/BDL/2008/6604.pdf Baker, Katharine K. 2015. “Why rape should not (always) be a crime.” Minnesota Law Review 100: 221-278. Birgin, Haydée, ed. 2000. Las trampas del poder punitivo. Buenos Aires: Biblos. Bodelón, Encarna. 2009. “La violencia contra las mujeres y el derecho no-androcéntrico: pérdidas en la traducción jurídica del feminismo.” In Género, violencia y derecho, edited by Patricia Laurenzo, María Luisa Maqueda, and Ana María Rubio, 275-300. España: Tirant Lo Blanch. Busby, Karen. 2014. “‘Sex was in the air’: Pernicious Myths and Other Problems with Sexual Violence Prosecutions.” In Locating Law. Race, Class, Gender, Sexuality Connections, edited by Elizabeth Comack, 257-293. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing. Bustos, Andrea C. 2021. “¿Fin a la violencia obstétrica? Proyecto de ley busca cambiar paradigmas y poner fin a las vulneraciones.” Diario UChile, June 27, 2021. https://radio.uchile.cl/2021/06/27/fin-a-la-violencia-obstetrica-proyecto-de-ley-busca-cambiar-paradigmas-y-poner-fin-a-las-vulneraciones/ Castro, Roberto. 2014. “Génesis y práctica del habitus médico autoritario en México.” Revista Mexicana de Sociología 76, no. 2: 167-195. https:// doi.org/10.22201/iis.01882503p.2014.2.46428 CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women). 2020. Decision adopted by the Committee under article 4 (2) (c) of the Optional Protocol, concerning communication No. 138/2018. CEDAW/C/75/D/138/2018. Accessed July 16, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3870902?v=pdf CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimina-tion against Women). 2023. List of issues and questions prior to the submission of the tenth periodic report of Mexico. CEDAW/C/MEX/QPR/10. Accessed August 12, 2023. https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=CEDA W%2FC%2FMEX%2FQPR%2F10&Language=E&DeviceType=Deskto p&LangRequested=False Consiglio Grande e Generale. 2021. Progetto di legge “Tutela della salute sessuale e riproduttiva della popolazione sammarinese.” Repubblica di San Marino. Cook, Rebecca J. 2014. “Stigmatized Meanings of Criminal Abortion Law.” In Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective. Cases and Controversies, edited by Rebecca J. Cook, Joanna N. Erdman, and Bernard M. Dickens, 347- 369. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Corral, Guillermo. 2019. “El derecho penal como medio de prevención de la violencia obstétrica en México. Resultados al 2018.” Musas 4, no. 2: 100- 118. https://doi.org/10.1344/musas2019.vol4.num2.6 Council of Europe. 2011. Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence. Istanbul, May 11, 2014. https://rm.coe.int/168008482e Csete, Joanne, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Michel Kazatchkine, Frederick Altice, Marek Balicki, Julia Buxton, Javier Cepeda et al. 2016. “Public Health and International Drug Policy.” The Lancet 387, no. 10026: 1427-1480. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00619-X Davis, Angela. 2003. Are Prisons Obsolete? New York City: Seven Stories Press. Diaz-Tello, Farah. 2016. “Invisible Wounds: Obstetric Violence in the United States.” Reproductive Health Matters 24, no. 47: 56-64. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.rhm.2016.04.004 INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía). 2020. Encuesta Nacional de Victimización y Percepción sobre Seguridad Pública (ENVIPE) 2020. Principales Resultados. Mexico: INEGI. Accessed October 4, 2023. https:// www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/envipe/2020/doc/envipe2020_ presentacion_nacional.pdf Erez, Edna. 2002. “Domestic Violence and the Criminal Justice System: An Overview.” Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 7, no. 1: Manuscript 3. https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol7No01Man03 Erdman, Joanna N. 2015. “Commentary: Bioethics, Human Rights, and Childbirth.” Health and Human Rights Journal 17, no. 1: 43-51. Gallardo Duarte, Romina. 2022. “Violencia obstétrica en Uruguay: Un enfoque de género y bioético.” Dilemata 37: 17-31. GIRE (Grupo de Información en Reproducción Elegida). 2015. Violencia obstétrica. Un enfoque de derechos humanos. Mexico: GIRE. Accessed August 5, 2023 https://gire.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/informeviolenciaobstetrica2015.pdf Gruber, Aya. 2020. The Feminist War on Crime. The Unexpected Role of Women’s Liberation in Mass Incarceration. Oakland: University of California Press. Hall, Rebecca Jane. 2015. “Feminist Strategies to End Violence against Women.” The Oxford Handbook of Transnational Feminist Movements, edited by Rawwida Baksh and Wendy Harcourt, 394-415. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Halley, Janet, Prabha Kotiswaran, Rachel Rebouché, and Hila Shamir. 2018. Governance Feminism. An Introduction. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Houston, Claire. 2014. “How Feminist Theory Became (Criminal) Law: Tracing the Path to Mandatory Criminal Intervention in Domestic Violence Cases.” Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 21, no. 2: 217-272. https://doi.org/10.36641/mjgl.21.2.how Jürgens, Ralf, Jonathan Cohen, Edwin Cameron, Scott Burris, Michaela Clayton, Richard Elliot, Richard Pearshouse, Anne Gathumbi, and Delme Cupido. 2009. “Ten Reasons to Oppose the Criminalization of HIV Exposure or Transmission.” Reproductive Health Matters 17, no. 34: 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-8080(09)34462-6 Kukura, Elizabeth. 2018. “Obstetric Violence.” Georgetown Law Journal 106, no. 3: 721-802. La Voz. 2021. “Los colegios médicos niegan el concepto de «violencia obstétrica»”. La Voz de Galicia, July 13, 2021. https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/sociedad/2021/07/13/colegios-medicos-niegan-concepto-violencia-obstetrica/00031626191096324384433.html Lamble, Sarah. 2019. “Practising Everyday Abolition.” Abolitionist Futures, August 2019. https://abolitionistfutures.com/latest-news/practising-everyday-abolition Larrauri, Elena. 1994. Mujeres, derecho penal y criminología. España: Siglo XX. Larrauri, Elena. 2007. Criminología crítica y violencia de género. España: Trotta. Le Clercq Ortega, Juan Antonio, and Gerardo Rodríguez Sánchez Lara. 2020. Escalas de impunidad en el mundo. Índice Global de Impunidad 2020 (IGI-2020). Puebla: Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP). Accessed September 20, 2023. https://www.udlap.mx/cesij/files/indices-globales/0-IGI-2020-UDLAP.pdf Lusa. 2021. “Deputada Cristina Rodrigues quer criminalizar violência obstétrica.” Política ao Minuto, July 15, 2021. https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/ politica/1796069/deputada-cristina-rodrigues-quer-criminalizar-violenciaobstetrica MESECVI (Follow-Up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention). 2012. Second Hemispheric Report on the Implementation of the Belém do Pará Convention. Follow-up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention (MESECVI). Washington: Organization of American States. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/mesecvi-segundoinformehemisferico- en.pdf MESECVI (Follow-Up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention). 2014. Guide to the Application of the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women. Washington: Organization of American States. Accessed August 20, 2023. https://www. oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/bdp-guiaaplicacion-web-en.pdf MESECVI (Follow-Up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention). 2017. Commonwealth of the Bahamas: Country Report. Third Round. Washington: Organization of American States. Accessed August 20, 2023. https://belemdopara. org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/FinalReport2017-Bahamas.pdf MESECVI (Follow-Up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention). 2020. Third follow-up report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Committee of Experts of the MESECVI. Accessed August 27, 2023. https:// www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/Tercer-Informe-Seguimiento-EN.pdf Miller, Alice M., and Mindy Jane Roseman, eds. 2019. Beyond Virtue and Vice. Rethinking Human Rights and Criminal Law. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Press. Ministerio Público Fiscal de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. 2013. El debido proceso legal: análisis desde el sistema interamericano y universal de derechos humanos. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Eudeba. Oja, Liiri, and Alicia Ely Yamin. 2016. “‘Woman’ in the European Human Rights System: How is the Reproductive Rights Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights Constructing Narratives of Women’s Citizenship?” Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 32, no. 1: 62-95. https://doi. org/10.7916/cjgl.v32i1.2751 Open Society Justice Initiative. 2013. International Standards on Criminal Defence Rights: UN Human Rights Committee Decisions. https://www.justiceinitiative.org/uploads/d4a5fd83-2158-4f5a-9bf4-7d9dd2fed055/digests-arrest%20rights-human-rights-committee-20130419.pdf OAS (Organization of American States). 1985. Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture. Accessed July 1, 2023. https://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties/a-51.html OAS (Organization of American States). 1994. Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará). Accessed June 27, 2023. https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/BelemDoPara-ENGLISH.pdf Pérez Correa, Catalina, ed. 2015. De la detención a la prisión: La justicia penal a examen. Mexico: Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas. Pérez D’Gregorio, Rogelio. 2015. “Obstetric Violence: A New Legal Term Introduced in Venezuela.” International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 111: 201-202. Pinto, Mattia. 2018. “Awakening the Leviathan through Human Rights Law–How Human Rights Bodies Trigger the Application of Criminal Law.” Utrecht Journal of International and European Law 34, no. 2: 161-184. https://doi.org/10.5334/ujiel.462 Spade, Dean. 2015. Normal Life. Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law. Duke University Press. UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1965. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. Accessed September 10, 2022. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/cerd.pdf UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1979. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Accessed September 20, 2022. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/cedaw.pdf UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1984. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. A/RES/39/46, December 10, 1984. UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2019. Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences on a human rights-based approach to mistreatment and violence against women in reproductive health services with a focus on childbirth and obstetric violence. A/74/137, July 11, 2019. Williams, Caitlin R., Celeste Jerez, Karen Klein, Malena Correa, Jose Belizan, and Gabriela Cormick. 2018. “Obstetric Violence: A Latin American Legal Response to Mistreatment during Childbirth.” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 125, no. 10: 1208-1211. https://doi. org/10.1111/1471-0528.15270 WHO (World Health Organization). 2015. The prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth. Geneva: WHO. Accessed June 30, 2023. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/134588/ WHO_RHR_14.23_eng.pdf Zacher Dixon, Lydia. 2015. “Obstetrics in a Time of Violence: Mexican Midwives Critique Routine Hospital Practices.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 29, no. 4: 437-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/maq.12174 Anderson, Michelle J. 2010. “Sex Education and Rape.” Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 17, no. 1: 83-110. Asamblea Nacional de la República del Ecuador. 2018. Informe sobre el control político realizado al Ministerio de Educación respecto a su actuación para combatir la violencia sexual contra niñas, niños y adolescentes en unidades educativas. Quito. Asociación Chilena de Protección de la Familia (APROFA). 2018. Educación sexual en Chile. Orientaciones para una política pública. Santiago de Chile: APROFA. Accessed August 12, 2021. https://media.elmostrador. cl/2020/07/INFORME-EIS-CHILE-junio-.pdf Braeken, Doortje, and Melissa Cardinal. 2008. “Comprehensive Sexuality Education as a Means of Promoting Sexual Health.” International Journal of Sexual Health 20, no. 1-2: 50-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317610802157051 Camacho, Marco, and Jeannette Jordán. 2018. “La educación sexual: Como método para la prevención de embarazos no deseados en el bachillerato.” Revista de Investigación Enlace Universitario 17, no. 1: 49-55. https://salutsexual. sidastudi.org/resources/inmagic-img/DD54007.pdf Collins, Chris, Priya Alagiri, and Todd Summers. 2002. Abstinence Only vs. Comprehensive Sex Education: What Are the Arguments? What Is the Evidence? San Francisco: University of California. CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women). 1999. General Recommendation No. 24: Article 12 of the Convention (Women and Health). Accessed June 15, 2023. https:// www.refworld.org/legal/general/cedaw/1999/en/11953 CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women). 2017. General recommendation No. 36 (2017) on the right of girls and women to education. CEDAW/C/GC/36, November 27, 2017. Accessed June 15, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/3843534?ln=en&v=pdf CRC (Committee on the Rights of the Child). 2003. General comment no. 4 (2003). Adolescent health and development in the context of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. CRC/GC/2003/4, July 1, 2003. Accessed June 16, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/503074?v=pdf CRC (Committee on the Rights of the Child). 2013. General comment no. 15 (2013) on the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health (art. 24). CRC/C/GC/15, April 17, 2013. Accessed June 16, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/778524?ln=en&v=pdf CRC (Committee on the Rights of the Child). 2016. General comment no. 20 (2016) on the implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence. Geneva: UN. Last modified December 6, 2016. https://digitallibrary. un.org/record/855544?ln=en&v=pdf Center for Reproductive Rights. n. d. “Latin America and the Caribbean.” Accessed August 31, 2021. https://reproductiverights.org/our-regions/ latin-america-caribbean/ Gómez de la Torre, Virginia, Paula Castello, and María Rosa Cevallos. 2016. Vidas robadas: Entre la omisión y la premeditación. Situación de la maternidad forzada en niñas del Ecuador. Quito: Fundación Desafío. Accessed August 22, 2021. https://repositorio.dpe.gob.ec/bitstream/39000/2410/1/ PE-004-DPE-2019.pdf ECHR (European Court of Human Rights). 2017. A.R. et L.R. contre la Suisse (App. No. 22338/15). Accessed August 23, 2021. https://hudoc.echr.coe. int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-180402%22]} Hiperderecho. 2020. “Country case-study: sexual and reproductive rights in Peru.” Privacy International. Last modified May 15, 2020. https://privacyinternational. org/long-read/3791/country-case-study-sexual-and-reproductiverights- peru IACHR (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights). 2018. Report No. 110/18 Case 12,678. Merits. Paola del Rosario Guzmán Albarracín and relatives. Accessed September 21, 2023. https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/decisions/ court/2019/12678FondoEn.pdf IACHR (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights). 2019. Violence and Discrimination against Women and Girls: Best Practices and Challenges in Latin America and the Caribbean. Accessed August 20, 2021. https://www. oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/violencewomengirls.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2009. Case of González et al. (“Cotton Field”) v. Mexico. Judgment of November 16, 2009 (Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations, and Costs). Accessed May 14, 2023. https:// www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_205_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2020. Case of Guzmán Albarracín et al. v. Ecuador. Judgment of June 24, 2020 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed May 10, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/ articulos/seriec_405_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2021a. Bedoya Lima et al. v. Colombia. Judgment of August 26, 2021(Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed May 18, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/ seriec_431_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2021b. Manuela et al. v. El Salvador. Judgment of November 2, 2021 (Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations, and Costs). Accessed May 17, 2023. https://www.corteidh. or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_441_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2022. Caso Angulo Losada vs. Bolivia. Sentencia de 18 de noviembre de 2022 (Excepciones preliminares, Fondo y Reparaciones). Accessed May 17, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/ docs/casos/articulos/seriec_475_esp.pdf Kellogg, Edmund H., and Jan Stepan. 1978. Legal Aspects of Sex Education. The American Journal of Comparative Law 26, no. 4: 573-608. https://doi. org/10.2307/840059 Kirby, Douglas. 2002. Do Abstinence-Only Programs Delay the Initiation of Sex among Young People and Reduce Teen Pregnancy? Washington: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. Kohler, Pamela K., Lisa E. Manhart, and William E. Lafferty. 2008. “Abstinence- Only and Comprehensive Sex Education and the Initiation of Sexual Activity and Teen Pregnancy.” Journal of Adolescent Health 42, no. 4: 344-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.026 Lonsway, Kimberly A., Lilia M. Cortina, and Vicki J. Magley. 2008. “Sexual Harassment Mythology: Definition, Conceptualization, and Measurement.” Sex Roles 58, no. 9: 599-615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007- 9367-1 Ministerio de Educación. 2018. “Ministerio de Educación actualiza las cifras de casos de violencia sexual y socializa acciones interinstitucionales.” Last modified July 19, 2018. https://educacion.gob.ec/ministerio-de-educacion- actualiza-las-cifras-de-casos-de-violencia-sexual-y-socializa-accionesinterinstitucionales/ Morán Faúndes, José Manuel. 2013. “Feminismo, Iglesia Católica y Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos En El Chile Post-Dictatorial.” Estudos Feministas 21, no. 2: 485–508. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24328286 OAS (Organization of American States). 2019. Press Release: IACHR Takes Case Involving Ecuador to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Last modified February 13, 2019. https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/ PReleases/2019/032.asp PAHO (Pan American Health Organization). 2018. Latin America and the Caribbean have the second highest adolescent pregnancy rates in the world. Last modified February 28, 2018. https://www.paho.org/hq/index. php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14163:latin-america-andthe- caribbean-have-the-second-highest-adolescent-pregnancy-rates-in-theworld& Itemid=1926&lang=en Pillard, Cornelia T. 2007. “Our Other Reproductive Choices: Equality in Sex Education, Contraceptive Access, and Work-Family Policy.” Emory Law Journal 56, no. 4: 941-992. Rodas Andrade, Jordán. 2019. Informe sobre el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de la CEDAW relativas al derecho de las mujeres a vivir sin discriminación y libres de violencia por parte del Estado de Guatemala. Guatemala: Procuraduría de los Derechos Humanos. Accessed August 15, 2021. https:// guatemala.unfpa.org/es/publications/informe-sobre-el-cumplimiento-delas- recomendaciones-de-la-cedaw-relativas-al-derecho Rubenstein, Rachel. 2017. “Sex Education: Funding Facts, Not Fear.” Health Matrix: Journal of Law-Medicine 27, no. 1: 525-554. Santelli, John, Mary A. Ott, Maureen Lyon, Jennifer Rogers, Daniel Summers, and Rebecca Schleifer. 2006. “Abstinence and Abstinence-Only Education: A Review of U.S. Policies and Programs.” Journal of Adolescent Health 38, no. 1: 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.10.006 Schwarz, Amy. 2007. “Comprehensive Sex Education: Why America’s Youth Deserve the Truth about Sex.” Hamline Journal of Public Law and Policy 29, no. 1: 115-160. Shepard, Bonnie. 2000. “The ‘Double Discourse’ on Sexual and Reproductive Rights in Latin America: The Chasm between Public Policy and Private Actions.” Health and Human Rights 4, no. 2: 110-43. https://doi. org/10.2307/4065198 SIECUS (Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States). 2004. Guidelines for Comprehensive Sexuality Education: Kindergarten through 12th Grade. Accessed September 20, 2022. https://healtheducationresources. unesco.org/sites/default/files/resources/bie_guidelines_siecus.pdf UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2021. The Journey towards Comprehensive Sexuality Education. Global Status Report. Paris: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/ pf0000377963 UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1989. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Accessed September 2, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/ files/crc.pdf UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). 2018. Niños y niñas en América Latina y el Caribe. Panorama 2018. https://www.unicef.org/lac/media/4926/file UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). 2017 The Path to Girls’ Empowerment in Latin America and the Caribbean: 5 Rights. Accessed August 22, 2021. https://www.unicef.org/lac/media/1441/file/PDF%20El%20 camino%20al%20empoderamiento%20de%20las%20ni%C3%B1as%20 en%20Am%C3%A9rica%20Latina%20y%20el%20Caribe%3A.pdf Vanwesenbeeck, Ine, Judith Westeneng, Thilly de Boer, Jo Reinders, and Ruth van Zorge. 2015. “Lessons Learned from a Decade Implementing Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Resource Poor Settings: The World Starts with Me.” Sex Education 16, no. 5: 471-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/146 81811.2015.1111203 WHO (World Health Organization). 2018. Violence Against Women Prevalence Estimates, 2018: Global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women. Geneva: WHO. Accessed August 21, 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/ item/9789240022256 Arenas, Leo, Jennifer Durán, Claudia Dides, and Constanza Fernández. 2016. “Educación Sexual.” In Primer informe: Salud sexual, salud reproductiva y derechos humanos en Chile, edited by Claudia Dides and Constanza Fernández, 15-37. Santiago: Corporación Miles. Baba, C. Finley, Lidia Casas, Alejandra Ramm, Sara Correa, and M. Antonia Biggs. 2020. “Medical and midwifery student attitudes toward moral acceptability and legality of abortion, following decriminalization of abortion in Chile.” Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 24: 100502. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100502 Biggs, M. Antonia, Lidia Casas, Alejandra Ramm, C. Finley Baba, Sara Victoria Correa, and Daniel Grossman. 2019. “Future health providers’ willingness to provide abortion services following decriminalisation of abortion in Chile: a cross-sectional survey.” BMJ Open 9: e030797. https://doi. org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030797 Casas, Lidia. 2019. “La academia entre los ‘seculares y los confesionales’. Las continuidades en la reforma por la despenalización del aborto en Chile y una historia personal.” In Aborto en tres causales en Chile. Lecturas del proceso de despenalización, edited by Lidia Casas Becerra and Gloria Maira Vargas, 203-232. Santiago: Centro de Derechos Humanos, Universidad Diego Portales. Casas, Lidia, and Delfina Lawson, eds. 2016. Debates y reflexiones en torno a la despenalización del aborto en Chile. Santiago: Centro de Derechos Humanos, Universidad Diego Portales. Casas, Lidia, Lori Freedman, Alejandra Ramm, Sara Correa, C. Finley Baba, and M. Antonia Biggs. 2020. “Chilean Medical and Midwifery Faculty’s Views on Conscientious Objection for Abortion Services.” International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 46, Supplement 1: 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1363/46e0620 CESCR (United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). 2016. General comment no. 22 (2016) on the Right to sexual and reproductive health (article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). Last modified May 2, 2016. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/832961?ln=en&v=pdf Comité de Evaluación de La Ley. 2018. Evaluación de la Ley N°20.418, que fija normas sobre información, orientación y prestaciones en materia de regulación de la fertilidad. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.camara.cl/ verDoc.aspx?prmID=169415&prmTIPO=DOCUMENTOCOMISION Corbetta, Piergiorgio. 2007. Metodología y técnicas de investigación social. Madrid: McGraw-Hill. CRC (Committee on the Rights of the Child). 2003. General Comment No. 4 (2003). Adolescent health and development in the context of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Accessed June 28, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/503074?v=pdf CRC (Committee on the Rights of the Child). 2016. General Comment No. 20 (2016) on the implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence. Accessed June 28, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/855544?ln=en&v=pdf Faulder, Georgina S., Simon C. Riley, Nicole Stone, and Anna Glasier. 2004. “Teaching sex education improves medical students’ confidence in dealing with sexual health issues.” Contraception 70, no. 2: 135-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2004.03.010 Figueroa Silva, Essau. 2012. “Política pública de educación sexual en Chile: actores y tensión entre el derecho a la información vs la libertad de elección.” Estado, Gobierno y Gestión 10, no. 20: 105-131. https://doi.org/10.5354/0717-8980.2012.25861 French, Valerie, and Jody Steinauer. 2023. “Sexual and reproductive health teaching in undergraduate medical education: A narrative review.” International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 163, no. 1: 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14759 Godoy-Flores, Francisca, and Ximena Lee-Muñoz. 2019. “Conocimientos, conductas y motivos en los métodos preventivos para prácticas sexuales ororeceptivas en estudiantes de odontología.” Revista Clínica de Periodoncia, Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral 12, no. 1: 23-26. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-01072019000100023 Gysling Caselli, Viviana, and Verónica Flandes Vargas. 2018. “Salud sexual, afectiva y reproductiva en la formación de matronas y matrones a través del A+S en la Universidad de Santiago de Chile.” In Diálogo de saberes entre la Universidad y las comunidades. 11 experiencias de Aprendizaje y Servicio, edited by Edmundo Leiva and Marcelo Martínez, 178-208. Santiago: Ediciones RSU Universidad de Santiago de Chile. IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2020. Case of Guzmán Albarracín et al. v. Ecuador. Judgment of June 24, 2020(Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed May 10, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_405_ing.pdf Kweitel, Juana, and Pablo Ceriani. 2003. “El derecho a la educación.” In Derechos sociales: instrucciones de uso, edited by Víctor Abramovich, María José Añón Roig, and Christian Courtis, 203-233. Mexico: Distribuidores Fontamara. Mella, Emanuel, and Edgar Rebolledo. 2020. “Factores que influyen en la implementación de una política pública de educación sexual integral: casos Chile y Costa Rica.” Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política 11, no. 1: 10-35. https://repositoriodigital.uct.cl/handle/10925/2330 Mijatović, Dunja. 2020. “Comprehensive sexuality education protects children and helps build a safer, inclusive society.” Council of Europe. Last modified July 21, 2020. https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/ comprehensive-sexuality-education-protects-children-and-helps-build-asafer- inclusive-society Ministerio de Salud. 2018. Política Nacional de Salud Sexual y Salud Reproductiva. Santiago: MINSAL. Molina, Ramiro, Sebastián Alarcón, and Temístocles Molina. 2021. “Educación sexual en las carreras de la salud del Campus Eloísa Díaz de la Universidad de Chile.” Revista Médica de Chile 149, no. 3: 447-457. https://doi. org/10.4067/s0034-98872021000300447 Obach, Alexandra, Michelle Sadler, and Natalia Jofré. 2017. “Salud sexual y reproductiva de adolescentes en Chile: el rol de la educación sexual.” Revista Salud Pública 19, no. 6: 848-854. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap. V19n6.70023 Ortiz-Moreira, Liliana E., Eduardo A. Fasce-Henry, Olga B. Matus-Betancourt, and Ivone Campos C. 2018. “Educación médica y diversidad cultural en Chile. Un diálogo pendiente.” Revista Médica de Chile 146, no. 7: 922-928. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872018000700922 Oye-Adeniran, Boniface A, Isaac F. Adewole, Ngozi Iwere, and Pat Mahmoud. 2004. “Promoting Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Nigeria through Change in Medical School Curriculum.” African Journal of Reproductive Health 8, no. 1: 85-91. https://doi.org/10.2307/3583311 Palma, Irma, Daniel Reyes, and Claudia Moreno. 2013. “Educación sexual en Chile: Pluralismo y libertad de elección que esconde una propuesta gubernamental conservadora.” Docencia 49: 14-24. https://facso.uchile.cl/dam/ jcr:3a839942-4c52-4e84-a71d-ed6706af4e56/educacin-sexual-pasa.pdf Quinn, Gwendolyn P., Amy C. Tishelman, Diane Chen, and Leena Nahata. 2021. “Reproductive health risks and clinician practices with gender diverse adolescents and young adults.” Andrology 9, no. 6: 1689-1697. https://doi. org/10.1111/andr.13026 Ramm, Alejandra, Lidia Casas, Sara Correa, C. Finley Baba, and M. Antonia Biggs. 2020. “‘Obviously there is a conflict between confidentiality and what you are required to do by law’: Chilean university faculty and student perspectives on reporting unlawful abortions.” Social Science & Medicine 261: 113220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113220 Rivas R, Edith, Angélica Rivas L, R Mauricio Barría P, and Catalina Sepúlveda R. 2009. “Conocimientos y actitudes sobre VIH/Sida de estudiantes de enfermería de las Universidades de La Frontera y Austral de Chile. Temuco–Valdivia. Chile, 2004.” Ciencia y Enfermería 15, no. 1: 109-119. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95532009000100012 Shindel, Alan W, Abdulaziz Baazeem, Ian Eardley MChir, and Eli Coleman. 2016. “Sexual Health in Undergraduate Medical Education: Existing and Future Needs and Platforms.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 13, no. 7: 1013-1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.04.069 UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS). 2017. Country factsheets: Chile. Accessed November 28, 2023. http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/chile UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2014. Educación integral de la sexualidad. Conceptos, enfoques y competencias. Oficina Regional de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe (OREALC/UNESCO). https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000232800 UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2019. International technical guidance on sexuality education. An evidence-informed approach. Paris: UNESCO. Accessed November 5, 2023. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265335 UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1979. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/cedaw.pdf United Nations Human Rights Committee. 2019. General Comment No. 36. Article 6: right to life. Last modified September 3, 2019. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3884724?ln=en&v=pdf Vargas Trujillo, Elvia, Isabel Cristina Jaramillo Sierra, and Elena María Trujillo Maza. 2012. Médicos y derechos. El papel de la formación médica en la garantía de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes. WHO (World Health Organization). 2018. La salud sexual y su relación con la salud reproductiva: un enfoque operativo. Geneva: WHO. Accessed October 15, 2023. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274656/9789243512884-spa.pdf?ua=1 WHO (World Health Organization). 2019. Recomendaciones de la OMS sobre salud y derechos sexuales y reproductivos de los adolescentes. Geneva: WHO. Accessed November 8, 2023. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/han dle/10665/312341/9789243514604-spa.pdf?ua=1 Worly, Brett, María Manríquez, Amy Stagg, May Hsieh Blanchard, Tony Ogburne, Sandra Carson, and Mark B. Woodland. 2018. “Sexual Health Education in Ob-Gyn Residencies—The Program Directors’ Survey”. International Journal of Sexual Health 30, no. 4: 390-397. https://doi.org/10.1080/193 17611.2018.1527425 Zaidi, Zareen, Rebecca Henderson, and Bridget O’Brien. 2021. “Exploring how physician educators approach politically charged topics with learners.” Medical Education 55, no. 11: 1261-1272. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14570 Antić, Marija, and Ivana Radačić. 2020. “The Evolving Understanding of Gender in International Law and ‘Gender Ideology’ Pushback 25 years since the Beijing Conference on Women.” Women’s Studies International Forum 83: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2020.102421 Baca, Lucía. 2021. “En búsqueda de una paz feminista e interseccional: la inclusión de personas LGBT en la agenda de Mujeres, Paz y Seguridad.” In Vigencia de la Resolución 1325 en algunos problemas contemporáneos, 80-90. Accessed August 20, 2023. https://www.humanas.org.co/wp-content/ uploads/2022/01/Resolucion-1325-en-problemas-contemporaneos.pdf Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge. Cáceres, Carlos F, Mario Pecheny, Tim Frasca, Roger Raupp Rios, and Fernando Pocahy. 2008. Review of Legal Frameworks and the Situation of Human Rights related to Sexual Diversity in Low and Middle Income Countries. Lima: UNAIDS. CAT (United Nations Committee against Torture). 2008. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. General Comment No. 2. Implementation of article 2 by States parties. CAT/C/GC/2, January 24, 2008. Accessed September 3, 2023. https:// www.refworld.org/legal/general/cat/2008/en/53514 CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2010. General Recommendation No. 28 on the Core Obligations of States Parties under Article 2 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. CEDAW/C/GC/28, December 16, 2010. Accessed October 15, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/711350/?ln=en&v=pdf CESCR (United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). 2009. General Comment No. 20. Non-Discrimination in Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Art. 2, Para. 2, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). E/C.12/GC/20, July 2, 2009. Accessed January 25, 2024. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/659980?ln=en&v=pdf Charlesworth, Hilary. 2002. “International Law: A Discipline of Crisis.” Modern Law Review 65, no. 3: 377-392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.00385 Cossman, Brenda, Janet Halley, Dan Danielsen, and Tracy Higgins. 2003. “Gender, Sexuality, and Power: Is Feminist Theory Enough?” Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 12, no. 3: 601-637. https://doi.org/10.7916/ cjgl.v12i3.2485 Crenshaw, Kimberle. 1991. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color.” Stanford Law Review 43, no. 6: 1241-1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039 Deen, Thalif. 2015. “Security Council, in Historic First, Discusses Gay, Lesbian Rights.” Inter Press Service News Agency, August 24, 2015. http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/08/security-council-in-historic-first-discusses-gay-lesbian-rights/ Ditsie, Beverly. 2020. Lesbians Free Everyone: The Beijing Retrospective. South Africa: Ditsie Medie. GLAAD. n. d. “Transgender FAQ.” Accessed September 25, 2023. https://www.glaad.org/transgender/transfaq Halley, Janet. 2006. Split Decisions: How and Why to Take a Break from Feminism. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Halley, Janet, Prabha Kotiswaran, Rachel Rebouché, and Hila Shamir. 2018. Governance Feminism: An Introduction. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. Heinze, Eric. 2001. “Sexual Orientation and International Law: A Study in the Manufacture of Cross-Cultural ‘Sensitivity.’” Michigan Journal of International Law 22, no. 2: 283-309. Jordaan, Eduard. 2016. “The Challenge of Adopting Sexual Orientation Resolutions at the UN Human Rights Council.” Journal of Human Rights Practice 8, no. 2: 298-310. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huw009 Martin, Olivia. 2021. “Walter Hungerford and the Buggery Act: LGBTQ+ History and Punishment at the Tower of London.” Historic Royal Palaces Blog, February 19, 2021. https://blog.hrp.org.uk/curators/walter-hungerford-and-the-buggery-act-lgbtq-history-and-punishment-at-the-tower-of-london/ Martínez de Pisón Cavero, José. 2020. “Los derechos de las personas LGBTI: ¿hacia un derecho a la orientación sexual y la identidad de género?” Cuadernos Electrónicos de Filosofía del Derecho 42, no. 42: 209-239. https://doi.org/10.7203/CEFD.42.16635 OHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights). 2011. Discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. A/HRC/19/41, November 17, 2011. Accessed December 8, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/719193?ln=en&v=pdf OHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights). 2012. Born Free and Equal: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in International Human Rights Law. New York: United Nations. https://www.refworld.org/reference/themreport/ohchr/2012/en/88826 OHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights). 2015. Discrimination and violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. A/HRC/29/23, May 4, 2015. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/797193?ln=en&v=pdf Otto, Dianne. 1995. “Lesbians? Not in My Country.” Alternative Law Journal 20, no. 6: 288-290. Otto, Dianne. 1996. “Holding up half the sky, but for whose benefit? A critical analysis of the fourth world conference on women.” Australian Feminist Law Journal 6: 7-30. Otto, Dianne. 2006. “A Sign of ‘Weakness’? Disrupting Gender Certainties in the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325.” Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 13, no. 1: 113-175. Otto, Dianne. 2007. “The Gastronomics of TWAIL’s Feminist Flavourings: Some Lunch-Time Offerings.” International Community Law Review 9, no. 4: 345-352. https://doi.org/10.1163/187197407X261377 Otto, Dianne. 2016. “Gender and Sexual Diversity: A Question of Humanity?” Melbourne Journal of International Law 17 (2): 477–88. Preciado, Paul. 2008. Testo Yonqui. Second. Barcelona: Editorial Anagrama. Sedgwick, Eve. 1990. Epistemology of the Closet. Berkeley: University of California Press. Simm, Gabrielle. 2021. “Queering CEDAW? Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression and Sex Characteristics (SOGIESC) in International Human Rights Law.” Griffith Law Review 29, no. 3: 374-400. https://doi. org/10.1080/10383441.2020.1891608 United Nations Human Rights Committee. 1994. Toonen v. Australia. Accessed February 14, 2024. http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/undocs/html/vws488.htm United Nations Human Rights Committee. 2007. X v. Colombia. Accessed February 15, 2024. https://juris.ohchr.org/casedetails/1338/en-US United Nations Human Rights Committee. 2012. Fedotova v. Russian Federation. Accessed February 16, 2024. https://juris.ohchr.org/casedetails/1272/en-US Albarracín Caballero, Mauricio. 2011. “Social Movements and the Constitutional Court: Legal Recognition of the Rights of Same-Sex Couples in Colombia.” Sur International Journal on Human Rights 8, no. 14: 6-31. Azuero, Alejandra, and Mauricio Albarracín. 2009. Activismo judicial y derechos de los LGBT en Colombia: sentencias emblemáticas. Bogotá: Instituto Latinoamericano de Servicios Legales Alternativos. Baisley, Elizabeth. 2016. “Reaching the Tipping Point?: Emerging International Human Rights Norms pertaining to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity.” Human Rights Quarterly 38, no. 1: 164-193. Barclay, Scott, and Daniel Chomsky. 2014. “How Do Cause Lawyers Decide When and Where to Litigate on behalf of Their Cause?” Law & Society Review 48, no. 3: 595-620. https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12093 Benford, Robert D., and David A. Snow. 2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 611-639. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611 Büchely, Lina, and Natalia Salas. 2019. “Trans-Neoliberalism? A Critical Reading of Colombian LGBTI NGOS and Trans Women’s Rights Activism.” Desafíos 31, no. 1: 45-81. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/desafios/a.6640 Burstein, Paul. 1991. “Legal Burstein, Paul. 1991. “Legal Mobilization as a Social Movement Tactic: The Struggle for Equal Employment Opportunity.” American Journal of Sociology 96, no. 5: 1201-1225. https://doi.org/10.1086/229653 Butler, Judith. 2017. Marcos de guerra: las vidas lloradas. Buenos Aires: Paidós. Chong, Dennis, and James N. Druckman. 2007. “Framing Theory.” Annual Review of Political Science 10: 103-126. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054 Delamata, Gabriela. 2013. “Movimientos sociales, activismo constitucional y narrativa democrática en la Argentina contemporánea.” Sociologias 15 (2013): 148-180. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-45222013000100007 Edelman, Elijah Adiv. 2020. “Gender Identity and Transgender Rights in Global Perspective.” In The Oxford Handbook of Global LGBT and Sexual Diversity Politics, edited by Michael J. Bosia, 62-74. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hilson, Chris. 2002. “New Social Movements: The Role of Legal Opportunity.” Journal of European Public Policy 9, no. 2: 238-255. https://doi. org/10.1080/13501760110120246 IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2012. Case of Atala Riffo and daughters v. Chile. Judgment of February 24, 2012 (Merits, Reparations and Costs). Accessed September 25, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_239_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2016. Case of Duque v. Colombia. Judgment of February 26, 2016 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 12, 2023. https://www.corteidh. or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_310_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2017. Advisory Opinion OC-24/17 of November 24, 2017, requested by the Republic of Costa Rica. Gender identity, and equality and non-discrimination of same-sex couples. Accessed December 3, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/opiniones/ seriea_24_eng.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2020. Case of Azul Rojas Marín et al. v. Peru. Judgment of March 12, 2020 (Preliminary objections merits, reparation and costs). Accessed November 30, 2023. https://www. corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_402_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2021. Vicky Hernández et al. v. Honduras. Judgment of March 26, 2021 (Merits, reparations and costs.). Accessed November 28, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/ articulos/seriec_422_ing.pdf Jenkins, J. Craig. 1994. “La teoría de la movilización de recursos y el estudio de los movimientos sociales.” Zona abierta 69: 5-49. Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn A. Sikkink. 1998. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Kessler, Mark. 1990. “Legal Mobilization for Social Reform: Power and the Politics of Agenda Setting.” Law and Society Review 24, no. 1: 121-143. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053789 Kriesi, Hanspeter. 2004. “Political Context and Opportunity.” In The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule, and Hanspeter Kriesi, 67-90. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. Lemaitre, Julieta. 2009. El derecho como conjuro: fetichismo legal, violencia y movimientos sociales. Bogotá: Siglo del Hombre, Uniandes. McCann, Michael. 2006. “Law and Social Movements: Contemporary Perspectives.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 2: 17-38. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.2.081805.105917 McCann, Michael, and Helena Silverstein. 1998. “Rethinking Law’s ‘Allurements’: A Relational Analysis of Social Movement Lawyers in the United States.” In Cause Lawyering: Political Commitments and Professional Responsibilities, edited by Austin Sarat and Stuart Scheingold, 261-292. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McCarthy, John D., and Mayer N. Zald. 1977. “Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 82, no. 6: 1212-1241. https://doi.org/10.1086/226464 OAS (Organization of American States). 2008. Human Rights, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity. AG/RES. 2435 XXXVIII-O/08, June 3, 2008. Accessed January 16, 2024. https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/oas/2008/en/68383 Pedriana, Nicholas. 2006. “From Protective to Equal Treatment: Legal Framing Processes and Transformation of the Women’s Movement in the 1960s.” American Journal of Sociology 111, no. 6: 1718-1761. https://doi.org/10.1086/499911 Perricone, Anita. 2020. “La judicialización de la protesta y sus resultados: una tipología de la movilización legal en el Chile post-transición (1990-2018).” Revista de ciencia política (Santiago) 40, no. 1: 73-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2020000100073 Polletta, Francesca. 2017. “The Structural Context of Novel Rights Claims: Southern Civil Rights Organizing, 1961-1966.” In Law and Social Movements, edited by Michael McCann, 97-136. Routledge. Robinson, Tracy. 2017. “Legalising Norms related to Sexual, Gender and Bodily Diversity in the Inter-American Human Rights System.” Paper presented at Seminario en Latinoamérica de Teoría Constitucional y Política (SELA), Quito, Ecuador, June 8-11, 2017. Salas-Herrera, Natalia. 2019. “Derecho y cambio social: un ejercicio aplicado desde vidas trans.” Cadernos Pagu 56. https://doi.org/10.1590/18094449201900560016 Tarrow, Sidney. 1996. “States and Opportunities: The political Structuring of Social Movements.” In Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, edited by Doug McAdam, John D. McCarthy, and Mayer N. Zald, 41-61. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Tarrow, Sidney. 2005. The New Transnational Activism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Tilly, Charles. 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading: Addison-Wesley. Wahlström, Mattias, and Abby Peterson, A. 2006. “Between the State and the Market: Expanding the Concept of ‘Political Opportunity Structure.’” Acta Sociologica 49, no. 4: 363-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699306071677 Amnesty International. 2019. “From slurs to sexual violence, women human rights defenders come under global attack.” Last modified November 29, 2019. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2019/11/from-slurs-to-sexual-violence-women-human-rights-defenders-come-under-global-attack/ Bunch, Charlotte. 1990. “Women’s Rights as Human Rights: Toward a Re-Vision of Human Rights.” Human Rights Quarterly 12, no. 4: 486-498. https://doi.org/10.2307/762496 Butler, Judith. 2021. “Why is the idea of ‘gender’ provoking backlash the world over?” The Guardian, October 23, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/commentisfree/2021/oct/23/judith-butler-gender-ideology-backlash Callamard, Agnès, Michal Balcerzak, Rhona Smith, Bernard Duhaime, Hilal Elver, Dainius Puras, Leilalni Farha, et. al. 2018. “Re: Comments to the Draft Crimes against Humanity Convention.” Last modified November 30, 2018. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Executions/Letter- Gender.pdf CAT (United Nations Committee against Torture). 2008. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. General Comment No. 2. Implementation of article 2 by States parties. CAT/C/GC/2, January 24, 2008. Accessed September 3, 2020. https:// www.refworld.org/legal/general/cat/2008/en/53514 CAT (United Nations Committee against Torture). 2012. General Comment No. 3 (2012). Implementation of article 14 by States parties. CAT/C/GC/3, November 19, 2012. Accessed June 28, 2020. https://documents.un.org/ doc/undoc/gen/g12/487/18/pdf/g1248718.pdf?token=56pXjoecEDuT0Q ea90&fe=true CAT (United Nations Committee against Torture). 2016. Ninth annual report of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. CAT/C/57/4, March 22, 2016. Accessed June 28, 2020. https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/ g16/059/73/pdf/g1605973.pdf?token=LABp62o4dAN5Vo8q5g&fe=true CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 1992. CEDAW General Recommendation No. 19: Violence against Women. A/47/38, 1992. Accessed October 9, 2020. https://www.refworld. org/legal/general/cedaw/1992/en/14045 CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2010. General Recommendation No. 28 on the Core Obligations of States Parties under Article 2 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. CEDAW/C/GC/28, December 16, 2010. Accessed October 15, 2020. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/711350/?ln=en&v=pdf CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2015. General Recommendation No. 33 on women’s access to justice. CEDAW/GC/33, August 3, 2015. Accessed October 16, 2020. https:// digitallibrary.un.org/record/807253?ln=en&v=pdf Copelon, Rhonda. 2000. “Gender Crimes as War Crimes: Integrating Crimes against Women into International Criminal Law.” McGill Law Journal 46: 217-240. CESCR (United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). 2005. Substantive issues arising in the implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. General Comment No. 16 (2005). The equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights (art. 3 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). E/C.12/2005/4, August 11, 2005. Accessed July 19, 2020. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/cescr/2005/en/33346 CESCR (United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). 2009. General Comment No. 20. Non-Discrimination in Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Art. 2, Para. 2, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). E/C.12/GC/20, July 2, 2009. Accessed July 19, 2020. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/659980?ln=en&v=pdf Davis, Lisa. 2018a. “Reimagining Justice for Gender-Based Crimes at the Margins: New Legal Strategies for Prosecuting Isis Crimes Against Women and LGBTQI+ Persons.” William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice 24, no. 3: 513-558. Davis, Lisa. 2018b. “Will the new crimes against humanity treaty protect women and LGBTI persons?” openDemocracy, September 21, 2018. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/will-new-crimes-against-humanity-treaty-protect-women-and-lgbti-persons/ Davis, Lisa. 2019a. “This is how we won a historic victory for women’s and LGBTQI+ rights in international law.” openDemocracy, June 26, 2021. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/this-is-how-we-won-a-historic-victory-for-womens-and-LGBTQI+-rights-in-international-law/ Davis, Lisa. 2019b. “New Draft of ‘Crimes against Humanity’ Treaty Affirms Protection for Women and LGBTQI+ Persons. The Fight Wasn’t Easy—and It Isn’t Over Yet.” Common Dreams, June 24, 2019. https://www.commondreams.org/views/2019/06/24/new-draft-crimes-against-humanity-treaty-affirms-protection-women-and-LGBTQI+ Davis, Lisa. 2021. “Dusting Off the Law Books: Recognizing Gender Persecution in Conflicts and Atrocities.” Northwestern Journal of Human Rights 20, no. 1: 1-62. Davis, Lisa, and Danny Bradley. 2022. “Victory for Women and LGBTIQ Rights under International Criminal Law: Gender in the Draft Crimes against Humanity Treaty.” In Gender and International Criminal Law, edited by Indira Rosenthal, Valerie Oosterveld, and Susana SáCouto. New York: Oxford University Press. Davis, Lisa, J. M. Kirby, Jessica Sterna, and Rene Uruena. 2018. “Re: The Definition of Gender in the Draft Crimes Against Humanity Convention.” Letter to members of the International Law Commission, December 1, 2018. Accessed June 30, 2020. https://www.law.cuny.edu/wp-content/uploads/ page-assets/academics/clinics/hrgj/New-Final-Submission-Letter-CUNYMADRE- OutRight-Los-Andes.pdf Enloe, Cynthia. 2000. Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives. Berkeley: University of California Press. IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2017. Advisory Opinion OC-24/17 of November 24, 2017, requested by the Republic of Costa Rica. Gender identity, and equality and non-discrimination of same-sex couples. Accessed July 3, 2020. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/opiniones/ seriea_24_eng.pdf ICC (International Criminal Court). 1998. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Rome, July 17, 1998. Accessed June 15, 2020. https:// treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1998/07/19980717%2006-33%20PM/volume- 2187-I-38544-English.pdf ILC (United Nations International Law Commission). 2019a. Crimes against humanity: comments and observations received from Governments, international organizations and others. A/CN.4/726, January 21, 2019. https:// documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n19/017/37/pdf/n1901737.pdf?token= HIySbk6sfoi8OSM4i8&fe=true ILC (United Nations International Law Commission). 2019b. Fourth report on crimes against humanity. By Sean D. Murphy, Special Rapporteur. A/ CN.4/725, February 18, 2019. Accessed September 20, 2020. https:// digitallibrary.un.org/record/3800178?v=pdf ILC (United Nations International Law Commission). 2019c. Provisional summary record of the 3468th meeting. A/CN.4/SR.3468, May 22, 2019. Accessed September 20, 2020. https://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/summary_ records/a_cn4_sr3468.pdf Office of the Prosecutor. 2014. Policy Paper on Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes. International Criminal Court, June 2014. Accessed June 29, 2020. https:// www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/Policy_Paper_on_Sexual_and_Gender- Based_Crimes-20_June_2014-ENG.pdf OHCHR (United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights). n.d. “Enhancing participation and protecting civic space.” Accessed June 30, 2020. https://romena.ohchr.org/en/node/186 OHCHR (United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights). 2000. CCPR General Comment No. 28: Article 3 (The Equality of Rights between Men and Women). CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.10, March 29, 2000. Accessed June 30, 2020. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/hrc/2000/en/38892 Oosterveld, Valerie. 2005. “The Definition of ‘Gender’ in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Step Forward or Back for International Criminal Justice?” Harvard Human Rights Journal 18: 55-84. 82 (2005). OutRight International. 2018. “The International Crimes against Humanity Treaty: A Toolkit for Advocates.” Accessed September 23, 2021. https://outrightinternational.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/CTA-Toolkit_Interntnl_CAH_Treaty%20%281%29.pdf UN LGBTI Core Group. 2017. “Promotion and Protection of Human Rights.” 72nd Session of the General Assembly. Third Committee, Item 72 (b,c). Statement of the UN LGBTI Core Group, October 27, 2017. Accessed August 20, 2020. https://unlgbticoregroup.org/2017/10/27/promotion-and-protection-of-human-rights/ UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). n.d.a. “Social, Humanitarian & Cultural Issues (Third Committee).” Accessed June 29, 2020. https://www.un.org/en/ga/third/ UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). n.d.b. “Sixth Committee (Legal).” Accessed June 29, 2020. https://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/index.shtml UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2001. Question of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Note by the Secretary-General. A/56/156, July 3, 2001. Accessed June 17, 2020. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/446206?v=pdf UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2017. Report of the International Law Commission Sixty-ninth session (1 May-2 June and 3 June-4 August 2017). A/72/10. Accessed June 30. 2020. https://legal.un.org/docs/?symbol=A/72/10 UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2018. Protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Note by the Secretariat. A/73/152, July 12, 2018. Accessed June 27, 2020. https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n18/220/41/pdf/n1822041.pdf?token=Evp5URFqQ6hD6CQ6mu&fe=true UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2019. Report of the International Law Commission. Seventy-first session (29 April-7 June and 8 July-9 August 2019). A/74/10. Accessed June 29, 2020. https://documents.un.org/doc/ undoc/gen/g19/243/93/pdf/g1924393.pdf?token=0XbJK2ISxCDWQZP ywi&fe=true United Nations. 1996. Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women. Beijing, 4-5 September 1995. A/CONF.177/20/Rev.1. Accessed August 1, 2022. https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/pdf/Beijing%20full%20 report%20E.pdf Atrey, Shreya. 2017. “Fifty Years On: The Curious Case of Intersectional Discrimination in the ICCPR.” Nordic Journal of Human Rights 35, no. 3: 220-239. https://doi.org/10.1080/18918131.2017.1350505 Atrey, Shreya. 2019. Intersectional Discrimination. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Atrey, Shreya. 2020. “Beyond Universality.” In Intersectionality and Human Rights Law, edited by Shreya Atrey and Peter Dunne, 17-38. London: Hart Publishing. Atrey, Shreya, and Peter Dunne. 2020. Intersectionality and Human Rights Law. 1st ed. London: Hart Publishing. Brems, Eva, and Alexandra Timmer. 2016. Stereotypes and Human Rights Law. Cambridge: Intersentia. Butler, Judith. 2011. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex.” New York, NY: Routledge. Campbell, Meghan. 2015. “CEDAW and Women’s Intersecting Identities: A Pioneering New Approach to Intersectional Discrimination.” Revista Direito GV 11, no. 2: 479-504. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-2432201521 CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2015. General Recommendation No. 33 on Women’s Access to Justice. CEDAW/C/GC/33, August 3, 2015. Accessed September 20, 2022. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/807253?ln=es&v=pdf CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2017. General Recommendation No. 35 on Gender-Based Violence against Women, Updating General Recommendation No. 19. CEDAW/C/GC/35, July 26, 2017. Accessed September 20, 2022. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1305057?ln=en&v=pdf Celorio, Rosa. 2019. “Discrimination and the Regional Human Rights Protection Systems: The Enigma of Effectiveness.” University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law 40, no. 4: 781-837. Cho, Sumi. 2013. “Post-Intersectionality: The Curious Reception of Intersectionality in Legal Scholarship.” Du Bois Review 10, no. 2: 385-404. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X13000362 Chow, Pok Yin S. 2016. “Has Intersectionality Reached Its Limits? Intersectionality in the UN Human Rights Treaty Body Practice and the Issue of Ambivalence.” Human Rights Law Review 16, no. 3: 453-481. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngw016 Chu, Andrea Long. 2018. “On Liking Women.” N+1 30. Accessed September 12, 2022. https://nplusonemag.com/issue-30/essays/on-liking-women/ Chu, Andrea Long. 2019. Females. London; New York: Verso. Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989, no. 1: 139-167. Cusack, Simone, and Lisa Pusey. 2013. “Cedaw and the Rights to Non-Discrimination and Equality.” Melbourne Journal of International Law 14, no. 1: 1-39. De Grazia, Martin. 2020. Crímenes de odio contra personas LGBTI en América Latina y El Caribe. Buenos Aires: ILGALAC. Fredman, Sandra. 1997. Women and the Law. Oxford: Clarendon. Fredman, Sandra. 2011. Discrimination Law. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fredman, Sandra. 2016. “Substantive Equality Revisited.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 14, no. 3: 712-738. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/ mow043 Góngora Mera, Manuel. 2020. “Discriminación en clave interseccional: tendencias recientes en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.” In Interamericanización de los DESCA: El Caso Cuscul Pivaral de La Corte IDH, edited by Mariela Morales Antoniazzi, Liliana Ronconi, and Laura Clérico, 399-427. Instituto de Estudios Constitucionales del Estado de Querétaro. González Le Saux, Marianne, and Óscar Parra Vera. 2008. “Concepciones y cláusulas de igualdad en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana. A propósito del Caso Apitz.” Revista Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos 47: 127-164. HRC (United Nations Human Rights Council). 2011. Discriminatory Laws and Practices and Acts of Violence against Individuals Based on Their Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. A/HRC/19/41, November 17, 2011. Accessed August 23, 2022. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/ Issues/Discrimination/A.HRC.19.41_English.pdf IACHR (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights). 1999. Consideraciones sobre la compatibilidad de las medidas de acción afirmativa concebidas para promover la participación política de la mujer con los principios de igualdad y no discriminación. Washington: IACHR. IACHR (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights). 2018. Report No. 157/18 Case 13.051. Report on Merits. Vicky Hernández and Family. Accessed August 10, 2022. https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/decisions/court/2019/13051FondoEn.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2005. Case of YATAMA v. Nicaragua. Judgment of June 23, 2005 (Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs). Accessed August 20, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_127_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2006. Case of the Miguel Castro-Castro Prison v. Peru. Judgment of November 25, 2006 (Merits, Reparations and Costs). Accessed August 11, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_160_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2014. Case of Human Rights Defender et al. v. Guatemala. Judgment of August 28, 2014 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed August 20, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_283_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2015. Case of Gonzales Lluy et al. v. Ecuador, Judgment of September 1, 2015 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed August 20, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_298_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2016a. Case of I.V. v. Bolivia. Judgment of November 30, 2016 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 7, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_329_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2016b. Case of The Hacienda Brasil Verde Workers v. Brazil. Judgment of October 20, 2016 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 1, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_318_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2018a. Case of Cuscul Pivaral et al. v. Guatemala. Judgment of August 23, 2018 (Preliminary objection, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 11, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_359_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2018b. Case of V.R.P., V.P.C. et al. v. Nicaragua. Judgment of March 8, 2018 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Series C No. 350. San José. Accessed September 7, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_350_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2018c. Case of Ramírez Escobar et al. v. Guatemala. Judgment of March 9, 2018 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 14, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_351_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2020a. Case of the Workers of the Fireworks Factory in Santo Antônio de Jesus and Their Families v. Brazil. Judgment of July 15, 2020 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 5, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/ articulos/seriec_407_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2020b. Case of Guzmán Albarracín et al. v. Ecuador. Judgment of June 24, 2020 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 14, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_405_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2021. Case of Vicky Hernández et al. v. Honduras. Judgment of March 26, 2021 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed August 7, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/ articulos/seriec_422_ing.pdf International Commission of Jurists. 2007. The Yogyakarta Principles: Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. Accessed June 12, 2022. https:// webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20170621123742/http://www.refworld.org/ docid/48244e602.html Jaramillo Vélez, Isabel Cristina, and Laura Carlson. 2021. Trans Rights and Wrongs: A Comparative Study of Legal Reform Concerning Trans Persons. Cham: Springer. Kapur, Ratna. 2018. Gender, Alterity and Human Rights: Freedom in a Fishbowl. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing. Kim, So Yeon. 2021. “Les Vulnérables: Evaluating the Vulnerability Criterion in Article 14 Cases by the European Court of Human Rights.” Legal Studies (Society of Legal Scholars) 41, no. 4: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2021.21 Kornak, Jacek. 2015. “Judith Butler’s Queer Conceptual Politics.” Redescriptions: Yearbook of Political Thought, Conceptual History and Feminist Theory 18, no. 1: 52-73. https://doi.org/10.7227/R.18.1.4 MacKinnon, Catharine A. 1983. “Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward Feminist Jurisprudence.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 8, no. 4: 635-658. https://doi.org/10.1086/494000 Malkin, Elisabeth. 2009. “Honduran President Is Ousted in Coup.” New York Times, June 28, 2009. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/29/world/americas/29honduras.html OAS (Organization of American States). 1969. American Convention on Human Rights. “Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica.” Accessed September 12, 2022. https://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_b-32_american_convention_on_human_rights.pdf Shelton, Dinah. 2011. “Prohibición de discriminación en el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos.” Anuario de Derechos Humanos 4. https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-2058.2008.13488 Solanas, Valerie. 2013. SCUM Manifesto. Edinburgh: AK Press. Stock, Kathleen. 2021. Material Girls: Why Reality Matters for Feminism. Little, Brown Book Group. Truscan, Ivona, and Joanna Bourke-Martignoni. 2016. “International Human Rights Law and Intersectional Discrimination.” The Equal Rights Review 16: 103-131. UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1994. Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women (“Convention of Belém do Pará”). Accessed June 27, 2022. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b38b1c.html Vargas Vera, Georgina. 2016. “Interseccionalidad de la discriminación, formas agravadas de vulnerabilidad. El Caso Gonzales Lluy y Otros v. Ecuador.” Iuris Dictio 18: 139-148. Zota-Bernal, Andrea Catalina. 2015. “Incorporación del análisis interseccional en las sentencias de la Corte IDH sobre grupos vulnerables, su articulación con la interdependencia e indivisibilidad de los derechos humanos.” Eunomía. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad 9: 67-85. Chow, Pok Yin S. 2016. “Has Intersectionality Reached Its Limits? Intersectionality in the UN Human Rights Treaty Body Practice and the Issue of Ambivalence.” Human Rights Law Review 16, no. 3: 453-481. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngw016 Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1989. “Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1: 139-167. Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 2004. “Interseccionalidade na discriminação de raça e gênero.” Accessed April 16, 2024. https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4253342/mod_resource/content/1/IntersecionalidadeNaDiscriminacaoDeRacaEGenero_KimberleCrenshaw.pdf Gil Hernández, Franklin. 2016. “Feminismo negro e interseccionalidad: diáspora epistemológica, apropiaciones locales y posibilidades para Colombia.” In Género y sociedad: retos actuales del discurso de género, edited by Javier A. Acevedo G, 157-185. Bucaramanga: Ediciones UIS. Harris, Angela P. 1990. “Race and Essentialism in Feminist Legal Theory.” Stanford Law Review 42, no. 3: 581-616. https://doi.org/10.2307/1228886 IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2015. Case of Gonzales Lluy et al. v. Ecuador, Judgment of September 1, 2015 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed August 20, 2023. https://www. corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_298_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2016a. Case of The Hacienda Brasil Verde Workers v. Brazil. Judgment of October 20, 2016 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 1, 2023. https:// www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_318_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2016b. Case of I.V. v. Bolivia. Judgment of November 30, 2016 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 7, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_329_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2018a. Case of V.R.P., V.P.C. et al. v. Nicaragua. Judgment of March 8, 2018 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 7, 2023. https://www. corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_350_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2018b. Case of Ramírez Escobar et al. v. Guatemala. Judgment of March 9, 2018 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 14, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_351_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2020. Case of Guzmán Albarracín et al. v. Ecuador. Judgment of June 24, 2020 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 14, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/ articulos/seriec_405_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2021. Case of Vicky Hernández et al. v. Honduras. Judgment of March 26, 2021 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 14, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_422_ing.pdf OAS (Organization of American States). 1994. Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (“Convention of Belém do Pará”). Accessed June 27, 2023. https://www. oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/BelemDoPara-ENGLISH.pdf Ontario Human Rights Commission. 2001. An Intersectional Approach to Discrimination. Addressing Multiple Grounds in Human Rights Claims. Accessed September 23, 2022. https://www3.ohrc.on.ca/sites/default/files/attachments/An_intersectional_approach_to_discrimination%3A_Addressing_multiple_grounds_in_human_rights_claims.pdf Viveros Vigoya, Mara. 2016. “La interseccionalidad: una aproximación situada a la dominación.” Debate Feminista 52. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.df.2016.09.005 “Beijing Declaration of Indigenous Women.” 1995. NGO Forum, United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, September 4-15, 1996, Beijing, China. Accessed February 2, 2023. https://lib.icimod.org/record/9913 Anders, Allison Daniel, and James M. DeVita. 2014. “Intersectionality: A Legacy from Critical Legal Studies and Critical Race Theory.” In Intersectionality & Higher Education: Theory, Research, and Praxis, edited by Donald Mitchell Jr, 31-44. New York: Peter Lang Publishing. Bachand, Rémi. 2018. Les subalternes et le droit international: une critique politique. Paris: Editions Pedone. Bellier, Irène, Leslie Cloud, and Laurent Lacroix. 2017. Le droit des peuples autochtones: des Nations unies aux sociétés locales. Paris: L’Harmattan. Cahier, Laura. 2022. “Environmental Justice in the United Nations Human Rights System: Challenges and Opportunities for the Protection of Indigenous Women’s Rights against Environmental Violence.” The George Washington Journal of Energy and Environmental Law 13, no. 1: 37-57. Cahier, Laura, and Garance Robert. 2022. “La pandémie de la COVID-19, un catalyseur des mobilisations sociales au Guatemala? Une enquête à distance entre ruptures et continuités.” In La pandémie de Covid-19. Expériences américaines, edited by Capucine Boidin, Claudia Damasceno, Marion Magnan, François-Michel Le Tourneau, and Hervé Théry, 72-91. Aubervilliers: Éditions de l’IHEAL. CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2016. Concluding observations on the combined eighth and ninth periodic reports of Canada. CEDAW/C/CAN/CO/8-9, November 25, 2016. Accessed January 20, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/3802136?ln=en&v=pdf CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2021. Concept Note for a General Recommendation on Indigenous Women and Girls. 79th Session Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, June 21-July 1, 2021. Accessed February 3, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CEDAW/Pages/DGDRightsIndigenousWomenAndGirls. aspx CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2022. General Recommendation No. 39 on the Rights of Indigenous Women and Girls. CEDAW/C/GC/39, October 26, 2022. Accessed January 24, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/general-recommendation-no39-2022-rights-indigeneous Charlesworth, Hilary, Christine Chinkin, and Shelley Wright. 1991. “Feminist Approaches to International Law.” American Journal of International Law 85, no. 4: 613-645. https://doi.org/10.2307/2203269 Colin, Philippe, and Lissell Quiroz. 2023. Pensées décoloniales: une introduction aux théories critiques d’Amérique latine. Paris: Éditions La Découverte. Corntassel, Jeff, and Laura Parisi. 2007. “In Pursuit of Self-Determination: Indigenous Women’s Challenges to Traditional Diplomatic Spaces.” Canadian Foreign Policy Journal 13, no. 3: 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2007.9673444 Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989, no. 1: 139-167. ECMIA (Enlace Continental de Mujeres Indígenas de las Américas), and CHIRAPAQ. 2015. Nada sobre nosotras sin nosotras: Beijing +20 y las mujeres indígenas de las Américas: avances, vacíos y desafíos. Lima. Accessed February 17, 2023. http://ecmia.org/index.php/publicaciones/175-nada-sobre-nosotras-sin-nosotras Espinosa, Maria Fernanda. 1997. “Indigenous Women on Stage: Retracing the Beijing Conference from Below.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 18, no. 2: 237-255. https://doi.org/10.2307/3346977 FIMI (International Indigenous Women’s Forum). n.d. “Indigenous Women Standing for Gender Equality.” Accessed January 10, 2023. https://fimi-iiwf.org/indigenous-women-standing-for-gender-equality/?lang=en Geslin, Albane. 2020. “L’apport des postcolonial studies à la recherche en droit international.” In Postcolonialisme et droit: perspectives épistémologiques, edited by Albane Geslin, Carlos Miguel Herrera, and Marie-Claire Ponthoreau, 159-186. Paris: Kimé. Henderson, James Y. 2008. Indigenous Diplomacy and the Rights of Peoples: Achieving UN Recognition. Purich Publishing. Hodgson, Dorothy L. 2002. “Comparative Perspectives on the Indigenous Rights Movements.” American Anthropologist 104, no. 4: 1037-1049. HRC (United Nations Human Rights Council). 2015. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Victoria Tauli Corpuz. A/HRC/30/41, August 6, 2015. Accessed January 30, 2023. https://digitallibrary. un.org/record/848738?ln=en&v=pdf Knobblock, Ina, and Rauna Kuokkanen. 2015. “Decolonizing Feminism in the North: A Conversation with Rauna Kuokkanen.” Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 23, no. 4: 275-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/080 38740.2015.1090480 Kuokkanen, Rauna. 2012. “Self-Determination and Indigenous Women’s Rights at the Intersection of International Human Rights.” Human Rights Quarterly 34, no. 1: 225-250. Kuokkanen, Rauna. 2016. “Indigenous women’s rights and international law: Challenges of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.” In Handbook of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights, edited by Corinne Lennox and Damien Short, 129-145. New York: Routledge. Lightfoot, Sheryl R. 2016. “Indigenous mobilization and activism in the UN system.” In Handbook of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights, edited by Corinne Lennox and Damien Short, 253-267. New York: Routledge. 254. Lugones, María. 2011. “Hacia un feminismo descolonial.” La Manzana de la discordia 6, no. 2: 105-119. Macleod, Morna. 2008. “Voces diversas, opresiones y resistencias múltiples: las luchas de mujeres mayas en Guatemala.” In Etnografías e historias de resistencia. Mujeres indígenas, procesos organizativos y nuevas identidades políticas, edited by Rosalva Aída Hernández Castillo, 127-180. Mexico City: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social. Montanaro, Mara. 2023. Théories féministes voyageuses: Internationalisme et coalitions depuis les luttes latino-américaines. Paris: Éditions divergences. Morin, Françoise. 2005. “L’ONU comme Creuset de l’autochtonie.” Parcours anthropologiques 5: 35-42. https://doi.org/10.4000/pa.1873 Nadal, Marie-José. 2021. Les femmes autochtones dans l’espace public mexicain. Québec: Presses de l’Université Laval. National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. 2019. Reclaiming Power and Place. The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Québec, 2019. Accessed June 21, 2022. https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/final-report/ Nussbaum, Martha. 2016. “Women’s Progress and Women’s Human Rights.” Human Rights Quarterly 38, no. 3: 589-622. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2016.0043 NWAC (Native Women’s Association of Canada). n.d. “About us.” Accessed January 11, 2023. https://www.nwac.ca/about/ NWAC (Native Women’s Association of Canada). 2019. “The #NWACAccord positions Indigenous women to have a voice at decision-making tables.” Facebook, March 14, 2019. https://www.facebook.com/NWAC.AFAC/photos/a.398073732474/10156238831132475 Razack, Sherene H. 2016. “Gendering Disposability.” Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 28, no. 2: 285-307. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.28.2.285 Rivera Zea, Tarcila. 2008. “Mujeres indígenas americanas luchando por sus derechos.” In Descolonizando el feminismo: teorías y prácticas desde los márgenes, edited by Liliana Suárez Navaz and Rosalva Aída Hernández Castillo, 329-349. Ediciones Cátedra. Santos, Boaventura de Sousa. 2021. “Human Rights, Democracy and Development.” In The Pluriverse of Human Rights: The Diversity of Struggles for Dignity, edited by Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Bruno Martins, 21-40. New York: Routledge. Sinclair-Blakemore, Adaena. 2019. “Indigenous Women’s Rights in International Law: Comparative Analysis of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.” Australian International Law Journal 26: 21-44. Sjørslev, Inger. 1998. “Women, Gender Studies and the International Indigenous Movement.” In Indigenous Women: The Right to a Voice, edited by Diana Vinding, 296-312. Copenhagen: IWGIA. Sosa, Lorena P. A. 2017a. “Inter-American Case Law on Femicide: Obscuring intersections?” Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 35, no. 2: 85-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0924051917708382 Sosa, Lorena P. A. 2017b. Intersectionality in the Human Rights Legal Framework on Violence Against Women: At the Center of the Margins? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Speed, Shannon. 2019. Incarcerated Stories: Indigenous Women Migrants and Violence in the Settler-Capitalist State. North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. Suzack, Cheryl. 2016. “Human Rights and Indigenous Feminisms.” In Handbook of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights, edited by Corinne Lennox and Damien Short, 146-163. New York: Routledge. Talpade Mohanty, Chandra. 2003. Feminism Without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity. Duke University Press. United Nations Network on Racial Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. 2022. Guidance Note on Intersectionality, Racial Discrimination & Protection of Minorities. Accessed February 3, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/ default/files/documents/issues/minorities/30th-anniversary/2022-09-22/ GuidanceNoteonIntersectionality.pdf UNPFII (United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues). 2004. Report on the third session (10-21 May 2004). E/C.19/2004/23. Accessed January 30, 2023. https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=E%2FC.19%2F 2004%2F23&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False UNPFII (United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues). 2019. Report on the eighteenth session (22 April-3 May 2019). E/C.19/2019/10. Accessed February 10, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3808435?ln=en&v=pdf Valladares de la Cruz, Laura R. 2008. “Los derechos humanos de las mujeres indígenas: De la aldea local a los foros internacionales.” Alteridades 18, no. 35: 47-65. Women’s Human Rights Institute. 2020. “Brief History of the movement for a CEDAW General Recommendation on Indigenous Women.” Last modified November 2020. https://learnwhr.org/history-general-recommendationon- indigenous-women/ Zota-Bernal, Andrea Catalina. 2015. “Incorporación del análisis interseccional en las sentencias de la Corte IDH sobre grupos vulnerables, su articulación con la interdependencia e indivisibilidad de los derechos humanos.” Eunomía. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad 9: 67-85. “Sentencia C-507-99.” 1999. Corte Constitucional de Colombia, July 14, 2009. “Sentencia C-636/09.” 2009. Corte Constitucional de Colombia, September 16, 2009. “Sentencia SU-476-97.” 1997. Corte Constitucional de Colombia, September 25, 1997. “Sentencia T-109-21.” 2021. Corte Constitucional de Colombia, April 27, 2021. Adriaenssens, Stef, Giulia Garofalo Geymonat, and Laura Oso. 2016. “Quality of Work in Prostitution and Sex Work. Introduction to the Special Section.” Sociological Research Online 21, no. 4: 121-132. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.4165 Bernstein, Elizabeth. 1999. “What’s Wrong with Prostitution? What’s Right with Sex Work? Comparing Markets in Female Sexual Labor.” Hastings Women’s Law Journal 10, no. 1: 91-117. Bindel, Julie. 2017. The Pimping of Prostitution: Abolishing the Sex Work Myth. London: Springer. El Espectador. 2021. “Desempleo en Colombia: reactivación en clave de informalidad.” El Espectador, January 29, 2021. https://www.elespectador.com/economia/desempleo-en-colombia-reactivacion-en-clave-de-informalidad-article/ Franke, Katherine M. 2016. “Theorizing Yes: An Essay on Feminism, Law, and Desire.” In Feminist and Queer Legal Theory, edited by Martha Albertson Fineman, Jack E. Jackson, and Adam P. Romero, 43-58. London: Routledge. Gallego-Montes, Gabriel. 2020. “Prostitución en contextos de conflicto armado en Colombia.” Revista CS 31: 413-437. https://doi.org.10.18046/recs.i31.3508 Halley, Janet. 2018a. “Introducing Governance Feminism.” In Governance Feminism: An Introduction, edited by Janet Halley, Prabha Kotiswaran, Rachel Rebouché, and Hila Shamir, ix-xxi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Halley, Janet. 2018b. “Where in the Legal Order Have Feminists Gained Inclusion?” In Governance Feminism: An Introduction, edited by Janet Halley, Prabha Kotiswaran, Rachel Rebouché, and Hila Shamir, 3-21. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Halley, Janet, Prabha Kotiswaran, Hila Shamir, and Chantal Thomas. 2006. “From the International to the Local in Feminist Legal Responses to Rape, Prostitution/Sex Work, and Sex Trafficking: Four Studies in Contemporary Governance Feminism.” Harvard Journal of Law & Gender 29, no. 2: 335-423. Jackson, Crystal A, Jennifer J Reed, and Barbara G Brents. 2017. “Strange Confluences: Radical Feminism and Evangelical Christianity as Drivers of US Neo-Abolitionism.” In Feminism, Prostitution and the State, 66–85. Routledge. Jaramillo Ruiz, Felipe, and Lina M. Céspedes-Báez. 2020. “el feminismo de la gobernanza en la CEDAW: la cuestión sobre el trabajo sexual y la prostitución.” Cadernos Pagu 59: 2-30. https://doi.org/10.1590/180944492020 00590017 Jeffreys, Sheila. 2009. “Prostitution, Trafficking and Feminism: An Update on the Debate.” In Women’s Studies International Forum, 32:316–320. Pergamon. Kissil, Karni, and Maureen Davey. 2010. “The Prostitution Debate in Feminism: Current Trends, Policy and Clinical Issues Facing an Invisible Population.” Journal of Feminist Family Therapy 22 (1). Routledge: 1–21. doi:10.1080/08952830903453604. Lowenkron, Laura, and Adriana Piscitelli. 2015. “Trabajadoras sexuales, policía, migración y trata internacional de seres humanos en los dos lados del océano.” In Género y violencia en el mercado del sexo: política, policía y prostitución, edited by Deborah Daich and Mariana Sirimarco, 173-203. Buenos Aires: Biblos. MacKinnon, Catharine A. 1983. “Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward Feminist Jurisprudence.” Signs 8 (4). University of Chicago Press: 635–658. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3173687 Nieto Olivar, José M. 2015. “‘¡Dios me la puso en el medio para mi remedio!’: esferas públicas y producción jurídica de la ‘prostitución’ en la Colombia actual.” Revista Colombiana de Antropología 51, no. 1: 109-135. https://doi.org/10.22380/2539472X29 O’Neil, Maggie. 2001. Prostitution & Feminism: Towards a Politics of Feeling. Cambridge: Policy Press. Outshoorn, Joyce. 2019. “Ward, Eilís and Gillian Wylie (Eds.), Feminism, Prostitution and the State. The Politics of Neo-Abolitionism.” Sexuality Research and Social Policy 16 (2): 251-253. doi:10.1007/s13178-018-0369-2. Piscitelli, Adriana. 2012. “Feminismos y prostitución en Brasil: una lectura a partir de la antropología feminista.” Cuadernos de Antropología Social, no. 36: 11-31. https://doi.org/10.34096/cas.i36.1349 Presidencia de la República de Colombia. 1991. “Decreto Ley 2591.” Decreto Ley 2591. Vol. 40165. Bogotá, Bogotá: Diario Oficial, Noviembre 19. República de Colombia. 1991. “Constitución Política de Colombia.” Constitución Política de Colombia. Vol. 116. Bogotá, Bogotá: Gaceta Constitucional, Julio 20. Restrepo, Esteban. 2018. “La Constitución sentimental. Prostitución, trabajo sexual y trata de personas en Colombia.” Isonomía 48: 37-67. Rigotti, Carlotta. 2021. “When the Law Meets Feminisms: The Shortcomings of Contemporary Prostitution Policies across the European Union.” Women’s Studies International Forum 86: 102467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2021.102467 Shrage, Laurie. 1994. Moral Dilemmas of Feminism: Prostitution, Adultery, and Abortion. New York: Routledge. Smith, Molly, and Juno Mac. 2020. Revolting Prostitutes. The Fight for Sex Workers’ Rights. London: Verso. Tirado Acero, Misael, Carlos A. Laverde Rodríguez, and Juan C. Bedoya Chavarriaga. 2019. “Prostitución en Colombia: hacia una aproximación sociojurídica a los derechos de los trabajadores sexuales.” Revista Latinoamericana de Derecho Social 29: 289-315. https://doi.org/10.22201/iij.24487899e.2019.29.13909 Umaña, Fernando. 2023. “Trabajadoras sexuales presentan 5 puntos para incluir en la reforma laboral.” El Tiempo, February 7, 2023. https://www.eltiempo. com/economia/trabajadoras-sexuales-presentaran-propuestas-a-la-reformalaboral- 740180 Vianna, Adriana, and Laura Lowenkron. 2017. “O duplo fazer do gênero e do Estado: interconexões, materialidades e linguagens.” Cadernos Pagu 51. https://doi.org/10.1590/18094449201700510001 “Auto TP-SA 711.” 2021. Appeal Section of the Tribunal for Peace, JEP, March 17, 2021. “Sentencia T-718.” Constitutional Court of Colombia, December 11, 2017. “Sentencia TP-SA-168.” Tribunal for Peace, JEP, June 18, 2020. Alianza Cinco Claves. 2020. “The Connection between Sexual Violence and the Armed Conflict: A Call to Prevent Setbacks in the Special Jurisdiction for Peace.” Accessed October 4, 2023. https://humanas.org.co/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/16.-Cinco_Claves_ingles_final.pdf Alianza Cinco Claves. 2021. “Comunicado de la Alianza 5 Claves.” Corporación Humanas, March 2021. Accessed February 11, 2023. https://www.humanas.org.co/comunicado-de-la-alianza-5-claves/#:~:text=La%20Alianza%20Cinco%20Claves%20para,otras%20violencias%20motivadas%20en%20la Brown, Clare. 2019. “Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in Conflict: An International Crime?” American University International Law Review 34, no. 3: 503-533. Halley, Janet. 2008. “Rape in Berlin: Reconsidering the Criminalisation of Rape in the International Law of Armed Conflict.” Melbourne Journal of International Law 9: 1-47. JEP (Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz). n.d. “Salas de justicia de la JEP.” Accessed January 25, 2024. https://www.jep.gov.co/JEP/Paginas/Salas-de-la-JEP.aspx JEP (Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz). 2023. “La JEP La JEP abre macrocaso 11, que investiga la violencia basada en género, incluyendo violencia sexual y reproductiva, y crímenes cometidos por prejuicio.” Accessed January 18, 2024. https://www.jep.gov.co/Sala-de-Prensa/Paginas/-la-jep-abremacrocaso- 11-que-investiga-la-violencia-basada-en-genero-incluyendoviolencia- sexual-y-reproductiva-y-crimenes.aspx JEP (Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz). 2024. “Caso 1. Toma de rehenes, graves privciones de la libertad y otros crímenes concurrentes cometidos por las Farc-EP.” Last modified March 15, 2024. https://www.jep.gov.co/macrocasos/ caso01.html#container Laidati, Ann, and Charlotte Mertens. 2019. “Resources and Rape: Congo’s (Toxic) Discursive Complex.” African Studies Review 62, no. 4: 57-82. https://doi. org/10.1017/asr.2018.126 Lemaitre, Julieta, and Kristin Bergtora Sandvik. 2014. “Beyond Sexual Violence in Transitional Justice: Political Insecurity as a Gendered Harm.” Feminist Legal Studies 22: 243-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10691-014-9274-0 Meger, Sara. 2016. “The Fetishization of Sexual Violence in International Security.” International Studies Quarterly 60, no. 1: 149-159. https://doi. org/10.1093/isq/sqw003 Seelinger, Kim Thuy, and Elisabeth Jean Wood. 2021. “La violencia sexual como práctica de guerra: implicaciones para la investigación y enjuiciamiento de crímenes atroces.” Estudios Socio Jurídicos 23, no. 1: 1-41. https://doi. org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/sociojuridicos/a.10019 Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2014. “Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and the Policy Implications of Recent Research.” International Review of the Red Cross 96, no. 894: 457-478. ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights). 2003. Democratic Republic of Congo v. Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda -227/99. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://achpr.au.int/en/decisions-communications/democratic-republic-congo-burundi-rwanda-uganda-22799 Barkun, Michael. 1964. “Conflict resolution through implicit mediation.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 8, no. 2: 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200276400800203 Bell, Christine, and Catherine O’Rourke. 2010. “Peace agreements or pieces of paper? The impact of UNSC Resolution 1325 on peace processes and their agreements.” International & Comparative Law Quarterly 59, no. 4: 941-980. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002058931000062X CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 1992. General Recommendation No. 19: Violence against Women. A/47/38, 1992. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/cedaw/1992/en/14045 CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2004. General Recommendation No. 25, on article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, on Temporary Special Measures. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/cedaw/2004/en/87588 CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2007a. Goekce v. Austria. Communication No. 5/2005. CEDAW/C/39/D/5/2005, August 6, 2007. CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2007b. Yildirim v. Austria. Communication No. 6/2005. CEDAW/C/39/D/6/2005, October 1, 2007. CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2013. General Recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations. CEDAW/C/GC/30, November 1, 2013. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/764506?ln=en&v=pdf CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2017. General Recommendation No. 35, on Gender-Based Violence against Women, Updating General Recommendation No. 19. CEDAW/C/GC/35, July 26, 2017. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1305057?ln=en&v=pdf Dharmapuri, Sahana. 2012. “Implementing UN Security Council Resolution 1325: Putting the Responsibility to Protect into Practice.” Global Responsibility to Protect 4, no. 2 (2012): 241-272. https://doi.org/10.1163/187598412X639728 ECHR (European Court of Human Rights). 1997. Case of Aydin v. Turkey. 23178/94, Strasbourg, September 25, 1997. ECHR (European Court of Human Rights). 2003. Case of M.C. v. Bulgaria (Application No. 39272/98). Strasbourg, December 4, 2003. ECHR (European Court of Human Rights). 2008. Case of Bevacqua and S. v. Bulgaria (Application No. 71127/01). Strasbourg, July 12, 2008. ECHR (European Court of Human Rights). 2009. Case of Opuz v. Turkey (Application No. 33401/02). Strasbourg, June 9, 2009. Eckel, Catherine, Angela C. M. De Oliveira, and Philip J. Grossman. 2008. “Gender and negotiation in the small: are women (perceived to be) more cooperative than men?” Negotiation Journal 24, no. 4: 429-445. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.2008.00196.x Elizabeth, Rehn, and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. 2002. Women, War, and Peace: The Independent Experts’ Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women’s Role in Peace-building. New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women. Human Rights Committee. 1996. CCPR General Comment No. 25: Article 25 (Participation in Public Affairs and the Right to Vote). The Right to Participate in Public Affairs, Voting Rights and the Right of Equal Access to Public Service. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1. Add.7, July 12, 1996. Accessed January 25, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/hrc/1996/en/28176 IACHR (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights). 2001. Report No. 54/01, Case 12.051, Maria de Penha Maia Fernandes v. Brasil. OEA/Ser.L/V/ II.111doc.20 rev. at 704, April 16, 2001. IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 1988. Case of Velásquez- Rodríguez v. Honduras. Judgment of July 29, 1988 (Merits). Accessed July 18, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_04_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2009. Case of González et al. (“Cotton Field”) v. Mexico. Judgment of November 16, 2009 (Preliminary Objection, Merits, Reparations, and Costs). Accessed July 18, 2023. https:// www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_205_ing.pdf ICTR (International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda). 1998. The Prosecutor versus Jean-Paul Akayesu. Case No. ICTR-96-4, September 2, 1998. ICTY (International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia). 1998. Prosecutor v. Anto Furundžija. Case IT-95-17/1-T, December 10, 1998. Krause, Jana, Werner Krause, and Piia Bränfors. 2018. “Women’s participation in peace negotiations and the durability of peace.” International Interactions 44, no. 6: 985-1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2018.1492386 Mitchell, Christopher Roger. 1989. The Structure of International Conflict. Springer. OAS. 2011. Report No. 80/11. Case 12.626. Merits. Jessica Lenahan (Gonzales) et al. v. United States. July 21, 2011. Shepherd, Laura J. 2020. “The paradox of prevention in the Women, Peace and Security agenda.” European Journal of International Security 5, no. 3: 315-331. https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2020.15 UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1966. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, December 16, 1966. Accessed January 17, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1979. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/cedaw.pdf UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1994. Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women (“Convention of Belém do Pará”). Accessed June 27, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b38b1c.html UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2011. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly. 65/283. Strengthening the role of mediation in the peaceful settlement of disputes, conflict prevention and resolution. A/RES/65/283, July 28, 2011. Accessed July 14, 2023. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/GARes_StrengtheningTheRoleOfMediation_ARES65283%28english%29_0.pdf United Nations Department of Political Affairs. 2017. Guidance on Gender and Inclusive Mediation Strategies. Accessed July 14, 2023. https://www.un.org/shestandsforpeace/sites/www.un.org.shestandsforpeace/files/guidance_on_gender_and_inclusive_mediation_strategies.pdf UNSC (United Nations Security Council). 2000. Resolution 1325 (2000). S/RES/1325, October 31, 2000. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/unsc/2000/en/113308 UNSC (United Nations Security Council). 2006. Resolution 1674. S/RES/1674, April 26, 2006. African Union. 2003. Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa. Maputo, Mozambique, July 11, 2003. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://au.int/en/treaties/protocol-african-charter-human-and-peoples-rights-establishment-african-court-human-and CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 1992. General Recommendation No. 19: Violence against Women. A/47/38, 1992. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/cedaw/1992/en/14045 CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2013. General Recommendation No. 30 on Women in Conflict Prevention, Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations. CEDAW/C/GC/30, November 1, 2013. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/764506?ln=en&v=pdf CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2015. General Recommendation No. 33 on Women’s Access to Justice. CEDAW/C/GC/33, August 3, 2015. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/807253?ln=es&v=pdf CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2017. General Recommendation No. 35 on Gender-Based Violence against Women, Updating General Recommendation No. 19. CEDAW/C/GC/35, July 26, 2017. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1305057?ln=en&v=pdf Celorio, Rosa. 2022. Women and International Human Rights in Modern Times: A Contemporary Casebook. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Chinkin, Christine, and Hilary Charlesworth. 2000. The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Council of Europe. 2011. The Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention). Istanbul, May 11, 2011. Accessed August 5, 2023. https://www.coe. int/en/web/gender-matters/council-of-europe-convention-on-preventingand- combating-violence-against-women-and-domestic-violence Day, Adam. 2019. “Impact of UN Mission in South Sudan Complicated by Dilemmas of Protection.” IPI Global Observatory, December 12, 2019. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2019/12/impact-un-mission-south-sudancomplicated- by-dilemmas-of-protection/ Divon, Shai André, and Morten Bøås. 2017. “Negotiating Justice: Legal Pluralism and Gender-Based Violence in Liberia.” Third World Quarterly 38, no. 6: 1381-1398. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1268908 EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development), and IDLO (International Development Law Organization). 2019. EBRD-IDLO Research Study Women Entrepreneurs’ Access to Justice. Study Findings: Jordan. https:// www.idlo.int/sites/default/files/pdfs/publications/report-we_atoj-jordanfinal. pdf Edwards, Alice. 2010. Violence against Women under International Human Rights Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ellsberg, Mary, Emma Fulu, Xian Warner, Alina Potts, Deviyani Dixit, and Chelsea Ullman. 2019. Ending Violence against Women and Girls: Evaluating a Decade of Australia’s Development Assistance. Canberra: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). Accessed July 14, 2023. https://www. dfat.gov.au/sites/default/files/evawg-final-report-nov-19.pdf Howes, Stephen, Denga Ilave, and Daisy Plana. 2017. “Responding to Gender Based Violence in an Urban Setting: The Early Story of Femili PNG.” Development Bulletin 78: 67-70. Observatorio Nacional de la Violencia. 2019. “Unidad de muerte violenta de mujeres y femicidios: Resultados del analisis enero-diciembre 2019.” Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. Accessed September 9, 2023. https://oig.cepal.org/sites/default/files/hn_boletin_femicidio2021.pdf IDLO (International Development Law Organization). 2020. Navigating Complex Pathways to Justice: Women and Customary and Informal Justice Systems. Accessed September 4, 2023. https://www.idlo.int/publications/issue-briefwomen- and-customary-and-informal-justice-system Kelly, Liz. 2005. “Inside Outsiders: Mainstreaming violence against women into human rights discourse and practice.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 7, no. 4: 471-495. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616740500284391 Merry, Sally Engle. 2005. “Gender Violence and the CEDAW Process.” In Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Mills, Albert, Gabrielle Durepos, and Elden Wiebe. 2010. Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Murphy, Maureen, Erika Fraser, Guy Lamb, and Lillian Artz. 2022. Evidence for Action: What Works to Prevent Conflict-Related Sexual Violence. What Works to Prevent Violence: Impact at Scale Programme. Accessed July 6, 2023. https://www.sddirect.org.uk/sites/default/files/2024-04/14.%20CRSV%20Flagship%20Report_0.pdf Ngonze, Caroline K. 2009. “Effectiveness of the Traditional Justice Systems in Delivering Justice to Women Victims of Sexual and Gender Based Violence among Ethnic Kunama Refugees in Ethiopia.” MA Thesis, University of Nairobi, Kenya. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/5215 OACNUDH (Oficina del Alto Comisionado De las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos en Honduras). 2019. Análisis y observaciones al Nuevo Código Penal desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos. Accessed June 12, 2023. https://oacnudh.hn/analisis-y-observaciones-al-nuevo-codigo-penal-desde-una-perspectiva-de-derechos-humanos/ OAS (Organization of American States). 1994. Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women (“Convention of Belém do Pará”). Accessed June 27, 2023. https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/BelemDoPara-ENGLISH.pdf Oxfam en Honduras. 2019. “En búsqueda de la justicia: Violencia doméstica, Desplazamiento forzado de mujeres y Trata de personas para la explotación sexual.” Oxfam, January 3, 2019. https://centroamerica.oxfam.org/lo-%C3%BAltimo/publicaciones/en-busqueda-de-la-justicia Putt, Judy, and Sinclair Dinnen. 2020. Reporting, Investigating and Prosecuting Family and Sexual Violence Offences in Papua New Guinea. Department of Pacific Affairs, Australian National University. Putt, Judy, Theresa Phillips, Davida Thomas, and Lindy Kanan. 2019. Family Protection Orders: A Key Response to Domestic and Family Violence. A Pilot Study in Lae, Papua New Guinea. Canberra: Australian National University. UN Women (United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women). 2011. Progress of the World’s Women 2011-2012: In Pursuit of Justice. New York: United Nations. UN Women (United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women), UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime), and OHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights). 2018. A Practitioner’s Toolkit on Women’s Access to Justice Programming. Accessed June 25, 2023. https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2018/5/apractitioners- toolkit-on-womens-access-to-justice-programming UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2004. Access to Justice: Practice Note. Accessed June 25, 2023. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/ zskgke326/files/publications/Justice_PN_En.pdf UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2006. Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, A/RES/60/147. UNSC (United Nations Security Council). 2020. Situation in South Sudan: Report of the Secretary-General. S/2020/536, June 15, 2020. Accessed June 25, 2023. https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B- 6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2020_536.pdf WOLA (Washington Office on Latin America). 2020. Criminalidad e inseguridad en Honduras: evaluando la capacidad estatal de reducir la violencia y combatir la criminalidad organizada. Accessed June 25, 2023. https://www.wola. org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Crimen-y-Violencia-HN-ESP-8.9.pdf Women’s Legal and Human Rights Bureau. 2017. Upholding Women’s Strengths and Access to Justice in Disaster: Narratives of Women Survivors of Typhoon Yolanda in Samar and Leyte. Quezon City, Philippines: WLB. |
dc.source.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
instname:Universidad del Rosario |
dc.source.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/c6a53dfa-2d19-4b47-8cc4-28d375cc5977/download https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/38dc2ff6-52bd-45ad-81bf-4654d7a80723/download https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/6e61f9ee-72bc-43a2-ab9f-2194b304b376/download https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/73f743c8-e8e4-4582-af64-4fd023be2f4f/download https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/281d8501-1f89-4a7b-b203-2d1dbcbc1c49/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
ad8c90f3e20b17dd366bacc3a48b6bb7 b2825df9f458e9d5d96ee8b7cd74fde6 3b6ce8e9e36c89875e8cf39962fe8920 dd4c1927167901b4d811a841674a98c0 3672500544e6be48e4cb91d272a503d5 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio institucional EdocUR |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
edocur@urosario.edu.co |
_version_ |
1818106811537948672 |
spelling |
Beltrán y Puga, AlmaCelorio, RosaBarbosa, IsabelNardi, FrancescaReingold, RebeccaVela, EstefaníaMartínez Coral, CatalinaMartínez, Carmen CeciliaCasas, LidiaCorrea, SaraNovoa, TamaraRamm, AlejandraPeralta Ramón, María SusanaSalazar Londoño, AnaTurizo Vanegas, José ElíasDe La Paz De La Cadena, SilviaSánchez, RobisnonDavis, LisaBradley, DannyArango Olaya, MónicaParra Vera, ÓscarFranco Franco, F. AntonioCahier, LauraCéspedez-Baéz, Lina M.Jaramillo Ruíz, FelipeOspina, Ana MaríaBenavides Vanegas, Farid SamirEgo, RebeccaUllman, ChelseaPopa, RalucaEllsberg, MaryAbada Chiongson, ReaDixit, DeviyaniWynn, SkylarSavoca Truzzio, Florenciad7e82be8-ec6e-43c9-9627-027d68f7259e-16e70ef2c-f371-4409-9999-25ea09a0d276-1bb0a2ea6-8d3c-4be5-95d8-595fa346c4cf-15b5466d2-00d9-4ba2-8df8-1b05290727c0-1ed0cd5c2-aa8a-484c-99ce-25bd72d04f21-10bb1dd76-244e-42a7-b6a3-aea8078f7782-11c80d944-6e02-448a-93f6-319b37adc803-1e5661956-127d-44e9-a175-2884442e76a2-133a2c2f7-a2e0-44d6-b5bf-b51d1ba64c1f-12254756a-0cf4-45e1-b380-027be7466f11-17d5dfb7e-3d16-4e15-a863-4d2aca74f8ff-1eb9640ba-7606-4e07-ac84-41663c1ac393-10045f635-eaa4-48de-8c01-a556a9d45bfa-1b4520f3a-a1ad-4399-9db1-f7697f44b662-1bc1aa04e-a377-424b-8632-ccd52bd5ac58-115a7ac51-1663-4a2b-bba1-6b1d582e42c8-196ec6a14-d739-4913-9d28-8d1c4dc69bb1-197720deb-ce43-48cd-bf8a-319a46103cb3-127b733b5-0743-4ac8-9abf-619a0323db01-10bcdaea3-ce93-4379-b8b9-3b5ba357ed04-1e4675342-e007-4134-acb5-d99ff6c466b2-1d4955e53-9c43-44b7-9cb1-3869c2cfb26f-1469cc19e-6ecf-44c9-97ea-649c711f3699-1b26aab91-ba65-445f-ad27-6ee9fba2f7a2-1275247d2-f36b-4e51-b07f-039543f30016-16b3308db-e290-467c-8875-09d1c1b97857-1b257705b-c443-4431-947c-3c24165b3d09-1f6d9b381-3b11-4a16-8545-866fda2fb192-1da1df8a2-ac60-40bd-b607-18cb4b6ac9f1-16cf8a1b8-dd9d-463b-a926-eeecbdbf7bf6-1f905390d-262b-468f-9d2d-ef6a29f3caaf-1f3191507-94eb-442a-8277-9fbfd76dfaa8-1419cc9f7-e697-45ff-9ab4-665f738e65c9-12024-11-19T14:53:40Z2024-11-19T14:53:40Z2024-11-192024-07-24This book includes a collection of essays authored by academics, activists, and practitioners reflecting on critical advances and challenges in the areas of gender and sexuality and their linkages to international law and human rights. Feminists have long intervened to advance women’s rights, substantial equality, and the eradication of gender-based violence using international law as an important tool, through policy action and the litigation of cases before the universal and regional human rights systems and other strategies. The LGBTIQ+ community has also injected a queer perspective to international law. Therefore, a diversity of scholars and activists discuss in this volume paramount issues in international law and explore them with a feminist, queer or gendered, and human rights perspectives. The essays promote a rich discussion of critical topics such as those connected to intersectional discrimination, violence against women and LGBTIQ+ persons, sexual and reproductive rights, and challenges to protect human rights in situations of armed conflict and contexts of crisis.Este libro incluye una colección de ensayos escritos por académicos, activistas y profesionales que reflexionan sobre avances y desafíos críticos en las áreas de género y sexualidad, y sus vínculos con el derecho internacional y los derechos humanos. Las feministas han intervenido durante mucho tiempo para promover los derechos de las mujeres, la igualdad sustancial y la erradicación de la violencia de género utilizando el derecho internacional como una herramienta importante, a través de acciones políticas y el litigio de casos ante los sistemas universales y regionales de derechos humanos y otras estrategias. La comunidad LGBTIQ+ también ha inyectado una perspectiva queer al derecho internacional. Por ello, en este volumen, una diversidad de académicos y activistas discuten cuestiones fundamentales del derecho internacional y las exploran desde una perspectiva feminista, queer o de género y de derechos humanos. Los ensayos promueven una rica discusión sobre temas críticos como los relacionados con la discriminación interseccional, la violencia contra las mujeres y las personas LGBTIQ+, los derechos sexuales y reproductivos y los desafíos para proteger los derechos humanos en situaciones de conflicto armado y contextos de crisis.303 ppapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.12804/urosario9789585003835978-958-500-383-5https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/44137engEditorial Universidad del Rosario1https://editorial.urosario.edu.co/catalog/product/view/id/7627/s/gpd-building-bridges-9789585003835-66df309fd0975/category/603/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalAbierto (Texto Completo)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Charlesworth, Hilary. 1995. “Feminists Critiques of International Law and Their Critics.” Third World Legal Studies, 13 (1): 1-16.Gilleri, Giovanna. 2022. “Abandoning Gender ‘Identity.’” AJIL Unbound, 116: 27-31. http://doi.org/10.1017/aju.2021.68Otto, Diane. 2015. “Queering Gender [Identity] in International Law.” Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 33 (4): 299-318. http://doi.org/10.1080/189181 31.2016.1123474Rubio-Marín, Ruth, ed. 2009. The Gender of Reparations: Unsettling Sexual Hierarchies While Redressing Human Rights Violations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Smith, Anna Marie. 2016. “Subjectivity and Subjectivation.” In The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory, edited by Lisa Disch and Mary Hawkesworth, 955-972. New York: Oxford University Press.Weber, Sanne. 2018. “From Victims and Mothers to Citizens: Gender-Just Transformative Reparations and the Need for Public and Private Transitions.” International Journal of Transitional Justice, 12 (1): 88-107. https://doi. org/10.1093/ijtj/ijx030Agencias. 2021. “El Gobierno dice que Igualdad está «obligada» a incorporar las medidas de la OMS y la ONU sobre «violencia obstétrica».” Moncloa, July 27, 2021. https://www.moncloa.com/2021/07/27/gobierno-igualdad-medidas-violencia-obstetrica/Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. 2007. “Ley orgánica sobre el derecho de las mujeres a una vida libre de violencia.” Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, April 23, 2007. https://www.acnur.org/fileadmin/Documentos/BDL/2008/6604.pdfBaker, Katharine K. 2015. “Why rape should not (always) be a crime.” Minnesota Law Review 100: 221-278.Birgin, Haydée, ed. 2000. Las trampas del poder punitivo. Buenos Aires: Biblos.Bodelón, Encarna. 2009. “La violencia contra las mujeres y el derecho no-androcéntrico: pérdidas en la traducción jurídica del feminismo.” In Género, violencia y derecho, edited by Patricia Laurenzo, María Luisa Maqueda, and Ana María Rubio, 275-300. España: Tirant Lo Blanch.Busby, Karen. 2014. “‘Sex was in the air’: Pernicious Myths and Other Problems with Sexual Violence Prosecutions.” In Locating Law. Race, Class, Gender, Sexuality Connections, edited by Elizabeth Comack, 257-293. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing.Bustos, Andrea C. 2021. “¿Fin a la violencia obstétrica? Proyecto de ley busca cambiar paradigmas y poner fin a las vulneraciones.” Diario UChile, June 27, 2021. https://radio.uchile.cl/2021/06/27/fin-a-la-violencia-obstetrica-proyecto-de-ley-busca-cambiar-paradigmas-y-poner-fin-a-las-vulneraciones/Castro, Roberto. 2014. “Génesis y práctica del habitus médico autoritario en México.” Revista Mexicana de Sociología 76, no. 2: 167-195. https:// doi.org/10.22201/iis.01882503p.2014.2.46428CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women). 2020. Decision adopted by the Committee under article 4 (2) (c) of the Optional Protocol, concerning communication No. 138/2018. CEDAW/C/75/D/138/2018. Accessed July 16, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3870902?v=pdfCEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimina-tion against Women). 2023. List of issues and questions prior to the submission of the tenth periodic report of Mexico. CEDAW/C/MEX/QPR/10. Accessed August 12, 2023. https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=CEDA W%2FC%2FMEX%2FQPR%2F10&Language=E&DeviceType=Deskto p&LangRequested=FalseConsiglio Grande e Generale. 2021. Progetto di legge “Tutela della salute sessuale e riproduttiva della popolazione sammarinese.” Repubblica di San Marino.Cook, Rebecca J. 2014. “Stigmatized Meanings of Criminal Abortion Law.” In Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective. Cases and Controversies, edited by Rebecca J. Cook, Joanna N. Erdman, and Bernard M. Dickens, 347- 369. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Corral, Guillermo. 2019. “El derecho penal como medio de prevención de la violencia obstétrica en México. Resultados al 2018.” Musas 4, no. 2: 100- 118. https://doi.org/10.1344/musas2019.vol4.num2.6Council of Europe. 2011. Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence. Istanbul, May 11, 2014. https://rm.coe.int/168008482eCsete, Joanne, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Michel Kazatchkine, Frederick Altice, Marek Balicki, Julia Buxton, Javier Cepeda et al. 2016. “Public Health and International Drug Policy.” The Lancet 387, no. 10026: 1427-1480. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00619-XDavis, Angela. 2003. Are Prisons Obsolete? New York City: Seven Stories Press.Diaz-Tello, Farah. 2016. “Invisible Wounds: Obstetric Violence in the United States.” Reproductive Health Matters 24, no. 47: 56-64. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.rhm.2016.04.004INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía). 2020. Encuesta Nacional de Victimización y Percepción sobre Seguridad Pública (ENVIPE) 2020. Principales Resultados. Mexico: INEGI. Accessed October 4, 2023. https:// www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/envipe/2020/doc/envipe2020_ presentacion_nacional.pdfErez, Edna. 2002. “Domestic Violence and the Criminal Justice System: An Overview.” Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 7, no. 1: Manuscript 3. https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol7No01Man03Erdman, Joanna N. 2015. “Commentary: Bioethics, Human Rights, and Childbirth.” Health and Human Rights Journal 17, no. 1: 43-51.Gallardo Duarte, Romina. 2022. “Violencia obstétrica en Uruguay: Un enfoque de género y bioético.” Dilemata 37: 17-31.GIRE (Grupo de Información en Reproducción Elegida). 2015. Violencia obstétrica. Un enfoque de derechos humanos. Mexico: GIRE. Accessed August 5, 2023 https://gire.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/informeviolenciaobstetrica2015.pdfGruber, Aya. 2020. The Feminist War on Crime. The Unexpected Role of Women’s Liberation in Mass Incarceration. Oakland: University of California Press.Hall, Rebecca Jane. 2015. “Feminist Strategies to End Violence against Women.” The Oxford Handbook of Transnational Feminist Movements, edited by Rawwida Baksh and Wendy Harcourt, 394-415. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Halley, Janet, Prabha Kotiswaran, Rachel Rebouché, and Hila Shamir. 2018. Governance Feminism. An Introduction. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Houston, Claire. 2014. “How Feminist Theory Became (Criminal) Law: Tracing the Path to Mandatory Criminal Intervention in Domestic Violence Cases.” Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 21, no. 2: 217-272. https://doi.org/10.36641/mjgl.21.2.howJürgens, Ralf, Jonathan Cohen, Edwin Cameron, Scott Burris, Michaela Clayton, Richard Elliot, Richard Pearshouse, Anne Gathumbi, and Delme Cupido. 2009. “Ten Reasons to Oppose the Criminalization of HIV Exposure or Transmission.” Reproductive Health Matters 17, no. 34: 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-8080(09)34462-6Kukura, Elizabeth. 2018. “Obstetric Violence.” Georgetown Law Journal 106, no. 3: 721-802.La Voz. 2021. “Los colegios médicos niegan el concepto de «violencia obstétrica»”. La Voz de Galicia, July 13, 2021. https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/sociedad/2021/07/13/colegios-medicos-niegan-concepto-violencia-obstetrica/00031626191096324384433.htmlLamble, Sarah. 2019. “Practising Everyday Abolition.” Abolitionist Futures, August 2019. https://abolitionistfutures.com/latest-news/practising-everyday-abolitionLarrauri, Elena. 1994. Mujeres, derecho penal y criminología. España: Siglo XX.Larrauri, Elena. 2007. Criminología crítica y violencia de género. España: Trotta.Le Clercq Ortega, Juan Antonio, and Gerardo Rodríguez Sánchez Lara. 2020. Escalas de impunidad en el mundo. Índice Global de Impunidad 2020 (IGI-2020). Puebla: Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP). Accessed September 20, 2023. https://www.udlap.mx/cesij/files/indices-globales/0-IGI-2020-UDLAP.pdfLusa. 2021. “Deputada Cristina Rodrigues quer criminalizar violência obstétrica.” Política ao Minuto, July 15, 2021. https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/ politica/1796069/deputada-cristina-rodrigues-quer-criminalizar-violenciaobstetricaMESECVI (Follow-Up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention). 2012. Second Hemispheric Report on the Implementation of the Belém do Pará Convention. Follow-up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention (MESECVI). Washington: Organization of American States. Accessed August 2, 2023. https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/mesecvi-segundoinformehemisferico- en.pdfMESECVI (Follow-Up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention). 2014. Guide to the Application of the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women. Washington: Organization of American States. Accessed August 20, 2023. https://www. oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/bdp-guiaaplicacion-web-en.pdfMESECVI (Follow-Up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention). 2017. Commonwealth of the Bahamas: Country Report. Third Round. Washington: Organization of American States. Accessed August 20, 2023. https://belemdopara. org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/FinalReport2017-Bahamas.pdfMESECVI (Follow-Up Mechanism to the Belém do Pará Convention). 2020. Third follow-up report on the implementation of the recommendations of the Committee of Experts of the MESECVI. Accessed August 27, 2023. https:// www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/Tercer-Informe-Seguimiento-EN.pdfMiller, Alice M., and Mindy Jane Roseman, eds. 2019. Beyond Virtue and Vice. Rethinking Human Rights and Criminal Law. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Press.Ministerio Público Fiscal de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. 2013. El debido proceso legal: análisis desde el sistema interamericano y universal de derechos humanos. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Eudeba.Oja, Liiri, and Alicia Ely Yamin. 2016. “‘Woman’ in the European Human Rights System: How is the Reproductive Rights Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights Constructing Narratives of Women’s Citizenship?” Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 32, no. 1: 62-95. https://doi. org/10.7916/cjgl.v32i1.2751Open Society Justice Initiative. 2013. International Standards on Criminal Defence Rights: UN Human Rights Committee Decisions. https://www.justiceinitiative.org/uploads/d4a5fd83-2158-4f5a-9bf4-7d9dd2fed055/digests-arrest%20rights-human-rights-committee-20130419.pdfOAS (Organization of American States). 1985. Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture. Accessed July 1, 2023. https://www.oas.org/juridico/english/treaties/a-51.htmlOAS (Organization of American States). 1994. Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará). Accessed June 27, 2023. https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/BelemDoPara-ENGLISH.pdfPérez Correa, Catalina, ed. 2015. De la detención a la prisión: La justicia penal a examen. Mexico: Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas.Pérez D’Gregorio, Rogelio. 2015. “Obstetric Violence: A New Legal Term Introduced in Venezuela.” International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 111: 201-202.Pinto, Mattia. 2018. “Awakening the Leviathan through Human Rights Law–How Human Rights Bodies Trigger the Application of Criminal Law.” Utrecht Journal of International and European Law 34, no. 2: 161-184. https://doi.org/10.5334/ujiel.462Spade, Dean. 2015. Normal Life. Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law. Duke University Press.UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1965. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. Accessed September 10, 2022. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/cerd.pdfUNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1979. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Accessed September 20, 2022. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/cedaw.pdfUNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1984. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. A/RES/39/46, December 10, 1984.UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2019. Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences on a human rights-based approach to mistreatment and violence against women in reproductive health services with a focus on childbirth and obstetric violence. A/74/137, July 11, 2019.Williams, Caitlin R., Celeste Jerez, Karen Klein, Malena Correa, Jose Belizan, and Gabriela Cormick. 2018. “Obstetric Violence: A Latin American Legal Response to Mistreatment during Childbirth.” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 125, no. 10: 1208-1211. https://doi. org/10.1111/1471-0528.15270WHO (World Health Organization). 2015. The prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth. Geneva: WHO. Accessed June 30, 2023. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/134588/ WHO_RHR_14.23_eng.pdfZacher Dixon, Lydia. 2015. “Obstetrics in a Time of Violence: Mexican Midwives Critique Routine Hospital Practices.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 29, no. 4: 437-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/maq.12174Anderson, Michelle J. 2010. “Sex Education and Rape.” Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 17, no. 1: 83-110.Asamblea Nacional de la República del Ecuador. 2018. Informe sobre el control político realizado al Ministerio de Educación respecto a su actuación para combatir la violencia sexual contra niñas, niños y adolescentes en unidades educativas. Quito.Asociación Chilena de Protección de la Familia (APROFA). 2018. Educación sexual en Chile. Orientaciones para una política pública. Santiago de Chile: APROFA. Accessed August 12, 2021. https://media.elmostrador. cl/2020/07/INFORME-EIS-CHILE-junio-.pdfBraeken, Doortje, and Melissa Cardinal. 2008. “Comprehensive Sexuality Education as a Means of Promoting Sexual Health.” International Journal of Sexual Health 20, no. 1-2: 50-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317610802157051Camacho, Marco, and Jeannette Jordán. 2018. “La educación sexual: Como método para la prevención de embarazos no deseados en el bachillerato.” Revista de Investigación Enlace Universitario 17, no. 1: 49-55. https://salutsexual. sidastudi.org/resources/inmagic-img/DD54007.pdfCollins, Chris, Priya Alagiri, and Todd Summers. 2002. Abstinence Only vs. Comprehensive Sex Education: What Are the Arguments? What Is the Evidence? San Francisco: University of California.CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women). 1999. General Recommendation No. 24: Article 12 of the Convention (Women and Health). Accessed June 15, 2023. https:// www.refworld.org/legal/general/cedaw/1999/en/11953CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women). 2017. General recommendation No. 36 (2017) on the right of girls and women to education. CEDAW/C/GC/36, November 27, 2017. Accessed June 15, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/3843534?ln=en&v=pdfCRC (Committee on the Rights of the Child). 2003. General comment no. 4 (2003). Adolescent health and development in the context of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. CRC/GC/2003/4, July 1, 2003. Accessed June 16, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/503074?v=pdfCRC (Committee on the Rights of the Child). 2013. General comment no. 15 (2013) on the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health (art. 24). CRC/C/GC/15, April 17, 2013. Accessed June 16, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/778524?ln=en&v=pdfCRC (Committee on the Rights of the Child). 2016. General comment no. 20 (2016) on the implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence. Geneva: UN. Last modified December 6, 2016. https://digitallibrary. un.org/record/855544?ln=en&v=pdfCenter for Reproductive Rights. n. d. “Latin America and the Caribbean.” Accessed August 31, 2021. https://reproductiverights.org/our-regions/ latin-america-caribbean/Gómez de la Torre, Virginia, Paula Castello, and María Rosa Cevallos. 2016. Vidas robadas: Entre la omisión y la premeditación. Situación de la maternidad forzada en niñas del Ecuador. Quito: Fundación Desafío. Accessed August 22, 2021. https://repositorio.dpe.gob.ec/bitstream/39000/2410/1/ PE-004-DPE-2019.pdfECHR (European Court of Human Rights). 2017. A.R. et L.R. contre la Suisse (App. No. 22338/15). Accessed August 23, 2021. https://hudoc.echr.coe. int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-180402%22]}Hiperderecho. 2020. “Country case-study: sexual and reproductive rights in Peru.” Privacy International. Last modified May 15, 2020. https://privacyinternational. org/long-read/3791/country-case-study-sexual-and-reproductiverights- peruIACHR (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights). 2018. Report No. 110/18 Case 12,678. Merits. Paola del Rosario Guzmán Albarracín and relatives. Accessed September 21, 2023. https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/decisions/ court/2019/12678FondoEn.pdfIACHR (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights). 2019. Violence and Discrimination against Women and Girls: Best Practices and Challenges in Latin America and the Caribbean. Accessed August 20, 2021. https://www. oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/violencewomengirls.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2009. Case of González et al. (“Cotton Field”) v. Mexico. Judgment of November 16, 2009 (Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations, and Costs). Accessed May 14, 2023. https:// www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_205_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2020. Case of Guzmán Albarracín et al. v. Ecuador. Judgment of June 24, 2020 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed May 10, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/ articulos/seriec_405_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2021a. Bedoya Lima et al. v. Colombia. Judgment of August 26, 2021(Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed May 18, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/ seriec_431_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2021b. Manuela et al. v. El Salvador. Judgment of November 2, 2021 (Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations, and Costs). Accessed May 17, 2023. https://www.corteidh. or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_441_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2022. Caso Angulo Losada vs. Bolivia. Sentencia de 18 de noviembre de 2022 (Excepciones preliminares, Fondo y Reparaciones). Accessed May 17, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/ docs/casos/articulos/seriec_475_esp.pdfKellogg, Edmund H., and Jan Stepan. 1978. Legal Aspects of Sex Education. The American Journal of Comparative Law 26, no. 4: 573-608. https://doi. org/10.2307/840059Kirby, Douglas. 2002. Do Abstinence-Only Programs Delay the Initiation of Sex among Young People and Reduce Teen Pregnancy? Washington: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.Kohler, Pamela K., Lisa E. Manhart, and William E. Lafferty. 2008. “Abstinence- Only and Comprehensive Sex Education and the Initiation of Sexual Activity and Teen Pregnancy.” Journal of Adolescent Health 42, no. 4: 344-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.026Lonsway, Kimberly A., Lilia M. Cortina, and Vicki J. Magley. 2008. “Sexual Harassment Mythology: Definition, Conceptualization, and Measurement.” Sex Roles 58, no. 9: 599-615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007- 9367-1Ministerio de Educación. 2018. “Ministerio de Educación actualiza las cifras de casos de violencia sexual y socializa acciones interinstitucionales.” Last modified July 19, 2018. https://educacion.gob.ec/ministerio-de-educacion- actualiza-las-cifras-de-casos-de-violencia-sexual-y-socializa-accionesinterinstitucionales/Morán Faúndes, José Manuel. 2013. “Feminismo, Iglesia Católica y Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos En El Chile Post-Dictatorial.” Estudos Feministas 21, no. 2: 485–508. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24328286OAS (Organization of American States). 2019. Press Release: IACHR Takes Case Involving Ecuador to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Last modified February 13, 2019. https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/ PReleases/2019/032.aspPAHO (Pan American Health Organization). 2018. Latin America and the Caribbean have the second highest adolescent pregnancy rates in the world. Last modified February 28, 2018. https://www.paho.org/hq/index. php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14163:latin-america-andthe- caribbean-have-the-second-highest-adolescent-pregnancy-rates-in-theworld& Itemid=1926&lang=enPillard, Cornelia T. 2007. “Our Other Reproductive Choices: Equality in Sex Education, Contraceptive Access, and Work-Family Policy.” Emory Law Journal 56, no. 4: 941-992.Rodas Andrade, Jordán. 2019. Informe sobre el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de la CEDAW relativas al derecho de las mujeres a vivir sin discriminación y libres de violencia por parte del Estado de Guatemala. Guatemala: Procuraduría de los Derechos Humanos. Accessed August 15, 2021. https:// guatemala.unfpa.org/es/publications/informe-sobre-el-cumplimiento-delas- recomendaciones-de-la-cedaw-relativas-al-derechoRubenstein, Rachel. 2017. “Sex Education: Funding Facts, Not Fear.” Health Matrix: Journal of Law-Medicine 27, no. 1: 525-554.Santelli, John, Mary A. Ott, Maureen Lyon, Jennifer Rogers, Daniel Summers, and Rebecca Schleifer. 2006. “Abstinence and Abstinence-Only Education: A Review of U.S. Policies and Programs.” Journal of Adolescent Health 38, no. 1: 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.10.006Schwarz, Amy. 2007. “Comprehensive Sex Education: Why America’s Youth Deserve the Truth about Sex.” Hamline Journal of Public Law and Policy 29, no. 1: 115-160.Shepard, Bonnie. 2000. “The ‘Double Discourse’ on Sexual and Reproductive Rights in Latin America: The Chasm between Public Policy and Private Actions.” Health and Human Rights 4, no. 2: 110-43. https://doi. org/10.2307/4065198SIECUS (Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States). 2004. Guidelines for Comprehensive Sexuality Education: Kindergarten through 12th Grade. Accessed September 20, 2022. https://healtheducationresources. unesco.org/sites/default/files/resources/bie_guidelines_siecus.pdfUNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2021. The Journey towards Comprehensive Sexuality Education. Global Status Report. Paris: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/ pf0000377963UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1989. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Accessed September 2, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/ files/crc.pdfUNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). 2018. Niños y niñas en América Latina y el Caribe. Panorama 2018. https://www.unicef.org/lac/media/4926/fileUNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). 2017 The Path to Girls’ Empowerment in Latin America and the Caribbean: 5 Rights. Accessed August 22, 2021. https://www.unicef.org/lac/media/1441/file/PDF%20El%20 camino%20al%20empoderamiento%20de%20las%20ni%C3%B1as%20 en%20Am%C3%A9rica%20Latina%20y%20el%20Caribe%3A.pdfVanwesenbeeck, Ine, Judith Westeneng, Thilly de Boer, Jo Reinders, and Ruth van Zorge. 2015. “Lessons Learned from a Decade Implementing Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Resource Poor Settings: The World Starts with Me.” Sex Education 16, no. 5: 471-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/146 81811.2015.1111203WHO (World Health Organization). 2018. Violence Against Women Prevalence Estimates, 2018: Global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women. Geneva: WHO. Accessed August 21, 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/ item/9789240022256Arenas, Leo, Jennifer Durán, Claudia Dides, and Constanza Fernández. 2016. “Educación Sexual.” In Primer informe: Salud sexual, salud reproductiva y derechos humanos en Chile, edited by Claudia Dides and Constanza Fernández, 15-37. Santiago: Corporación Miles.Baba, C. Finley, Lidia Casas, Alejandra Ramm, Sara Correa, and M. Antonia Biggs. 2020. “Medical and midwifery student attitudes toward moral acceptability and legality of abortion, following decriminalization of abortion in Chile.” Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 24: 100502. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100502Biggs, M. Antonia, Lidia Casas, Alejandra Ramm, C. Finley Baba, Sara Victoria Correa, and Daniel Grossman. 2019. “Future health providers’ willingness to provide abortion services following decriminalisation of abortion in Chile: a cross-sectional survey.” BMJ Open 9: e030797. https://doi. org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030797Casas, Lidia. 2019. “La academia entre los ‘seculares y los confesionales’. Las continuidades en la reforma por la despenalización del aborto en Chile y una historia personal.” In Aborto en tres causales en Chile. Lecturas del proceso de despenalización, edited by Lidia Casas Becerra and Gloria Maira Vargas, 203-232. Santiago: Centro de Derechos Humanos, Universidad Diego Portales.Casas, Lidia, and Delfina Lawson, eds. 2016. Debates y reflexiones en torno a la despenalización del aborto en Chile. Santiago: Centro de Derechos Humanos, Universidad Diego Portales.Casas, Lidia, Lori Freedman, Alejandra Ramm, Sara Correa, C. Finley Baba, and M. Antonia Biggs. 2020. “Chilean Medical and Midwifery Faculty’s Views on Conscientious Objection for Abortion Services.” International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 46, Supplement 1: 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1363/46e0620CESCR (United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). 2016. General comment no. 22 (2016) on the Right to sexual and reproductive health (article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). Last modified May 2, 2016. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/832961?ln=en&v=pdfComité de Evaluación de La Ley. 2018. Evaluación de la Ley N°20.418, que fija normas sobre información, orientación y prestaciones en materia de regulación de la fertilidad. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.camara.cl/ verDoc.aspx?prmID=169415&prmTIPO=DOCUMENTOCOMISIONCorbetta, Piergiorgio. 2007. Metodología y técnicas de investigación social. Madrid: McGraw-Hill.CRC (Committee on the Rights of the Child). 2003. General Comment No. 4 (2003). Adolescent health and development in the context of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Accessed June 28, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/503074?v=pdfCRC (Committee on the Rights of the Child). 2016. General Comment No. 20 (2016) on the implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence. Accessed June 28, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/855544?ln=en&v=pdfFaulder, Georgina S., Simon C. Riley, Nicole Stone, and Anna Glasier. 2004. “Teaching sex education improves medical students’ confidence in dealing with sexual health issues.” Contraception 70, no. 2: 135-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2004.03.010Figueroa Silva, Essau. 2012. “Política pública de educación sexual en Chile: actores y tensión entre el derecho a la información vs la libertad de elección.” Estado, Gobierno y Gestión 10, no. 20: 105-131. https://doi.org/10.5354/0717-8980.2012.25861French, Valerie, and Jody Steinauer. 2023. “Sexual and reproductive health teaching in undergraduate medical education: A narrative review.” International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 163, no. 1: 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14759Godoy-Flores, Francisca, and Ximena Lee-Muñoz. 2019. “Conocimientos, conductas y motivos en los métodos preventivos para prácticas sexuales ororeceptivas en estudiantes de odontología.” Revista Clínica de Periodoncia, Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral 12, no. 1: 23-26. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-01072019000100023Gysling Caselli, Viviana, and Verónica Flandes Vargas. 2018. “Salud sexual, afectiva y reproductiva en la formación de matronas y matrones a través del A+S en la Universidad de Santiago de Chile.” In Diálogo de saberes entre la Universidad y las comunidades. 11 experiencias de Aprendizaje y Servicio, edited by Edmundo Leiva and Marcelo Martínez, 178-208. Santiago: Ediciones RSU Universidad de Santiago de Chile.IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2020. Case of Guzmán Albarracín et al. v. Ecuador. Judgment of June 24, 2020(Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed May 10, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_405_ing.pdfKweitel, Juana, and Pablo Ceriani. 2003. “El derecho a la educación.” In Derechos sociales: instrucciones de uso, edited by Víctor Abramovich, María José Añón Roig, and Christian Courtis, 203-233. Mexico: Distribuidores Fontamara.Mella, Emanuel, and Edgar Rebolledo. 2020. “Factores que influyen en la implementación de una política pública de educación sexual integral: casos Chile y Costa Rica.” Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política 11, no. 1: 10-35. https://repositoriodigital.uct.cl/handle/10925/2330Mijatović, Dunja. 2020. “Comprehensive sexuality education protects children and helps build a safer, inclusive society.” Council of Europe. Last modified July 21, 2020. https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/ comprehensive-sexuality-education-protects-children-and-helps-build-asafer- inclusive-societyMinisterio de Salud. 2018. Política Nacional de Salud Sexual y Salud Reproductiva. Santiago: MINSAL.Molina, Ramiro, Sebastián Alarcón, and Temístocles Molina. 2021. “Educación sexual en las carreras de la salud del Campus Eloísa Díaz de la Universidad de Chile.” Revista Médica de Chile 149, no. 3: 447-457. https://doi. org/10.4067/s0034-98872021000300447Obach, Alexandra, Michelle Sadler, and Natalia Jofré. 2017. “Salud sexual y reproductiva de adolescentes en Chile: el rol de la educación sexual.” Revista Salud Pública 19, no. 6: 848-854. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap. V19n6.70023Ortiz-Moreira, Liliana E., Eduardo A. Fasce-Henry, Olga B. Matus-Betancourt, and Ivone Campos C. 2018. “Educación médica y diversidad cultural en Chile. Un diálogo pendiente.” Revista Médica de Chile 146, no. 7: 922-928. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872018000700922Oye-Adeniran, Boniface A, Isaac F. Adewole, Ngozi Iwere, and Pat Mahmoud. 2004. “Promoting Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Nigeria through Change in Medical School Curriculum.” African Journal of Reproductive Health 8, no. 1: 85-91. https://doi.org/10.2307/3583311Palma, Irma, Daniel Reyes, and Claudia Moreno. 2013. “Educación sexual en Chile: Pluralismo y libertad de elección que esconde una propuesta gubernamental conservadora.” Docencia 49: 14-24. https://facso.uchile.cl/dam/ jcr:3a839942-4c52-4e84-a71d-ed6706af4e56/educacin-sexual-pasa.pdfQuinn, Gwendolyn P., Amy C. Tishelman, Diane Chen, and Leena Nahata. 2021. “Reproductive health risks and clinician practices with gender diverse adolescents and young adults.” Andrology 9, no. 6: 1689-1697. https://doi. org/10.1111/andr.13026Ramm, Alejandra, Lidia Casas, Sara Correa, C. Finley Baba, and M. Antonia Biggs. 2020. “‘Obviously there is a conflict between confidentiality and what you are required to do by law’: Chilean university faculty and student perspectives on reporting unlawful abortions.” Social Science & Medicine 261: 113220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113220Rivas R, Edith, Angélica Rivas L, R Mauricio Barría P, and Catalina Sepúlveda R. 2009. “Conocimientos y actitudes sobre VIH/Sida de estudiantes de enfermería de las Universidades de La Frontera y Austral de Chile. Temuco–Valdivia. Chile, 2004.” Ciencia y Enfermería 15, no. 1: 109-119. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95532009000100012Shindel, Alan W, Abdulaziz Baazeem, Ian Eardley MChir, and Eli Coleman. 2016. “Sexual Health in Undergraduate Medical Education: Existing and Future Needs and Platforms.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 13, no. 7: 1013-1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.04.069UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS). 2017. Country factsheets: Chile. Accessed November 28, 2023. http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/chileUNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2014. Educación integral de la sexualidad. Conceptos, enfoques y competencias. Oficina Regional de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe (OREALC/UNESCO). https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000232800UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2019. International technical guidance on sexuality education. An evidence-informed approach. Paris: UNESCO. Accessed November 5, 2023. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265335UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1979. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/cedaw.pdfUnited Nations Human Rights Committee. 2019. General Comment No. 36. Article 6: right to life. Last modified September 3, 2019. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3884724?ln=en&v=pdfVargas Trujillo, Elvia, Isabel Cristina Jaramillo Sierra, and Elena María Trujillo Maza. 2012. Médicos y derechos. El papel de la formación médica en la garantía de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes.WHO (World Health Organization). 2018. La salud sexual y su relación con la salud reproductiva: un enfoque operativo. Geneva: WHO. Accessed October 15, 2023. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274656/9789243512884-spa.pdf?ua=1WHO (World Health Organization). 2019. Recomendaciones de la OMS sobre salud y derechos sexuales y reproductivos de los adolescentes. Geneva: WHO. Accessed November 8, 2023. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/han dle/10665/312341/9789243514604-spa.pdf?ua=1Worly, Brett, María Manríquez, Amy Stagg, May Hsieh Blanchard, Tony Ogburne, Sandra Carson, and Mark B. Woodland. 2018. “Sexual Health Education in Ob-Gyn Residencies—The Program Directors’ Survey”. International Journal of Sexual Health 30, no. 4: 390-397. https://doi.org/10.1080/193 17611.2018.1527425Zaidi, Zareen, Rebecca Henderson, and Bridget O’Brien. 2021. “Exploring how physician educators approach politically charged topics with learners.” Medical Education 55, no. 11: 1261-1272. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14570Antić, Marija, and Ivana Radačić. 2020. “The Evolving Understanding of Gender in International Law and ‘Gender Ideology’ Pushback 25 years since the Beijing Conference on Women.” Women’s Studies International Forum 83: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2020.102421Baca, Lucía. 2021. “En búsqueda de una paz feminista e interseccional: la inclusión de personas LGBT en la agenda de Mujeres, Paz y Seguridad.” In Vigencia de la Resolución 1325 en algunos problemas contemporáneos, 80-90. Accessed August 20, 2023. https://www.humanas.org.co/wp-content/ uploads/2022/01/Resolucion-1325-en-problemas-contemporaneos.pdfButler, Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.Cáceres, Carlos F, Mario Pecheny, Tim Frasca, Roger Raupp Rios, and Fernando Pocahy. 2008. Review of Legal Frameworks and the Situation of Human Rights related to Sexual Diversity in Low and Middle Income Countries. Lima: UNAIDS.CAT (United Nations Committee against Torture). 2008. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. General Comment No. 2. Implementation of article 2 by States parties. CAT/C/GC/2, January 24, 2008. Accessed September 3, 2023. https:// www.refworld.org/legal/general/cat/2008/en/53514CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2010. General Recommendation No. 28 on the Core Obligations of States Parties under Article 2 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. CEDAW/C/GC/28, December 16, 2010. Accessed October 15, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/711350/?ln=en&v=pdfCESCR (United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). 2009. General Comment No. 20. Non-Discrimination in Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Art. 2, Para. 2, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). E/C.12/GC/20, July 2, 2009. Accessed January 25, 2024. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/659980?ln=en&v=pdfCharlesworth, Hilary. 2002. “International Law: A Discipline of Crisis.” Modern Law Review 65, no. 3: 377-392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.00385Cossman, Brenda, Janet Halley, Dan Danielsen, and Tracy Higgins. 2003. “Gender, Sexuality, and Power: Is Feminist Theory Enough?” Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 12, no. 3: 601-637. https://doi.org/10.7916/ cjgl.v12i3.2485Crenshaw, Kimberle. 1991. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color.” Stanford Law Review 43, no. 6: 1241-1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039Deen, Thalif. 2015. “Security Council, in Historic First, Discusses Gay, Lesbian Rights.” Inter Press Service News Agency, August 24, 2015. http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/08/security-council-in-historic-first-discusses-gay-lesbian-rights/Ditsie, Beverly. 2020. Lesbians Free Everyone: The Beijing Retrospective. South Africa: Ditsie Medie.GLAAD. n. d. “Transgender FAQ.” Accessed September 25, 2023. https://www.glaad.org/transgender/transfaqHalley, Janet. 2006. Split Decisions: How and Why to Take a Break from Feminism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Halley, Janet, Prabha Kotiswaran, Rachel Rebouché, and Hila Shamir. 2018. Governance Feminism: An Introduction. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.Heinze, Eric. 2001. “Sexual Orientation and International Law: A Study in the Manufacture of Cross-Cultural ‘Sensitivity.’” Michigan Journal of International Law 22, no. 2: 283-309.Jordaan, Eduard. 2016. “The Challenge of Adopting Sexual Orientation Resolutions at the UN Human Rights Council.” Journal of Human Rights Practice 8, no. 2: 298-310. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huw009Martin, Olivia. 2021. “Walter Hungerford and the Buggery Act: LGBTQ+ History and Punishment at the Tower of London.” Historic Royal Palaces Blog, February 19, 2021. https://blog.hrp.org.uk/curators/walter-hungerford-and-the-buggery-act-lgbtq-history-and-punishment-at-the-tower-of-london/Martínez de Pisón Cavero, José. 2020. “Los derechos de las personas LGBTI: ¿hacia un derecho a la orientación sexual y la identidad de género?” Cuadernos Electrónicos de Filosofía del Derecho 42, no. 42: 209-239. https://doi.org/10.7203/CEFD.42.16635OHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights). 2011. Discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. A/HRC/19/41, November 17, 2011. Accessed December 8, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/719193?ln=en&v=pdfOHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights). 2012. Born Free and Equal: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in International Human Rights Law. New York: United Nations. https://www.refworld.org/reference/themreport/ohchr/2012/en/88826OHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights). 2015. Discrimination and violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. A/HRC/29/23, May 4, 2015. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/797193?ln=en&v=pdfOtto, Dianne. 1995. “Lesbians? Not in My Country.” Alternative Law Journal 20, no. 6: 288-290.Otto, Dianne. 1996. “Holding up half the sky, but for whose benefit? A critical analysis of the fourth world conference on women.” Australian Feminist Law Journal 6: 7-30.Otto, Dianne. 2006. “A Sign of ‘Weakness’? Disrupting Gender Certainties in the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325.” Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 13, no. 1: 113-175.Otto, Dianne. 2007. “The Gastronomics of TWAIL’s Feminist Flavourings: Some Lunch-Time Offerings.” International Community Law Review 9, no. 4: 345-352. https://doi.org/10.1163/187197407X261377Otto, Dianne. 2016. “Gender and Sexual Diversity: A Question of Humanity?” Melbourne Journal of International Law 17 (2): 477–88.Preciado, Paul. 2008. Testo Yonqui. Second. Barcelona: Editorial Anagrama.Sedgwick, Eve. 1990. Epistemology of the Closet. Berkeley: University of California Press.Simm, Gabrielle. 2021. “Queering CEDAW? Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression and Sex Characteristics (SOGIESC) in International Human Rights Law.” Griffith Law Review 29, no. 3: 374-400. https://doi. org/10.1080/10383441.2020.1891608United Nations Human Rights Committee. 1994. Toonen v. Australia. Accessed February 14, 2024. http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/undocs/html/vws488.htmUnited Nations Human Rights Committee. 2007. X v. Colombia. Accessed February 15, 2024. https://juris.ohchr.org/casedetails/1338/en-USUnited Nations Human Rights Committee. 2012. Fedotova v. Russian Federation. Accessed February 16, 2024. https://juris.ohchr.org/casedetails/1272/en-USAlbarracín Caballero, Mauricio. 2011. “Social Movements and the Constitutional Court: Legal Recognition of the Rights of Same-Sex Couples in Colombia.” Sur International Journal on Human Rights 8, no. 14: 6-31.Azuero, Alejandra, and Mauricio Albarracín. 2009. Activismo judicial y derechos de los LGBT en Colombia: sentencias emblemáticas. Bogotá: Instituto Latinoamericano de Servicios Legales Alternativos.Baisley, Elizabeth. 2016. “Reaching the Tipping Point?: Emerging International Human Rights Norms pertaining to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity.” Human Rights Quarterly 38, no. 1: 164-193.Barclay, Scott, and Daniel Chomsky. 2014. “How Do Cause Lawyers Decide When and Where to Litigate on behalf of Their Cause?” Law & Society Review 48, no. 3: 595-620. https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12093Benford, Robert D., and David A. Snow. 2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 611-639. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611Büchely, Lina, and Natalia Salas. 2019. “Trans-Neoliberalism? A Critical Reading of Colombian LGBTI NGOS and Trans Women’s Rights Activism.” Desafíos 31, no. 1: 45-81. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/desafios/a.6640 Burstein, Paul. 1991. “LegalBurstein, Paul. 1991. “Legal Mobilization as a Social Movement Tactic: The Struggle for Equal Employment Opportunity.” American Journal of Sociology 96, no. 5: 1201-1225. https://doi.org/10.1086/229653Butler, Judith. 2017. Marcos de guerra: las vidas lloradas. Buenos Aires: Paidós.Chong, Dennis, and James N. Druckman. 2007. “Framing Theory.” Annual Review of Political Science 10: 103-126. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054Delamata, Gabriela. 2013. “Movimientos sociales, activismo constitucional y narrativa democrática en la Argentina contemporánea.” Sociologias 15 (2013): 148-180. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-45222013000100007Edelman, Elijah Adiv. 2020. “Gender Identity and Transgender Rights in Global Perspective.” In The Oxford Handbook of Global LGBT and Sexual Diversity Politics, edited by Michael J. Bosia, 62-74. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Hilson, Chris. 2002. “New Social Movements: The Role of Legal Opportunity.” Journal of European Public Policy 9, no. 2: 238-255. https://doi. org/10.1080/13501760110120246IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2012. Case of Atala Riffo and daughters v. Chile. Judgment of February 24, 2012 (Merits, Reparations and Costs). Accessed September 25, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_239_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2016. Case of Duque v. Colombia. Judgment of February 26, 2016 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 12, 2023. https://www.corteidh. or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_310_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2017. Advisory Opinion OC-24/17 of November 24, 2017, requested by the Republic of Costa Rica. Gender identity, and equality and non-discrimination of same-sex couples. Accessed December 3, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/opiniones/ seriea_24_eng.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2020. Case of Azul Rojas Marín et al. v. Peru. Judgment of March 12, 2020 (Preliminary objections merits, reparation and costs). Accessed November 30, 2023. https://www. corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_402_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2021. Vicky Hernández et al. v. Honduras. Judgment of March 26, 2021 (Merits, reparations and costs.). Accessed November 28, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/ articulos/seriec_422_ing.pdfJenkins, J. Craig. 1994. “La teoría de la movilización de recursos y el estudio de los movimientos sociales.” Zona abierta 69: 5-49.Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn A. Sikkink. 1998. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Kessler, Mark. 1990. “Legal Mobilization for Social Reform: Power and the Politics of Agenda Setting.” Law and Society Review 24, no. 1: 121-143. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053789Kriesi, Hanspeter. 2004. “Political Context and Opportunity.” In The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule, and Hanspeter Kriesi, 67-90. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.Lemaitre, Julieta. 2009. El derecho como conjuro: fetichismo legal, violencia y movimientos sociales. Bogotá: Siglo del Hombre, Uniandes.McCann, Michael. 2006. “Law and Social Movements: Contemporary Perspectives.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 2: 17-38. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.2.081805.105917McCann, Michael, and Helena Silverstein. 1998. “Rethinking Law’s ‘Allurements’: A Relational Analysis of Social Movement Lawyers in the United States.” In Cause Lawyering: Political Commitments and Professional Responsibilities, edited by Austin Sarat and Stuart Scheingold, 261-292. Oxford: Oxford University Press.McCarthy, John D., and Mayer N. Zald. 1977. “Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 82, no. 6: 1212-1241. https://doi.org/10.1086/226464OAS (Organization of American States). 2008. Human Rights, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity. AG/RES. 2435 XXXVIII-O/08, June 3, 2008. Accessed January 16, 2024. https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/oas/2008/en/68383Pedriana, Nicholas. 2006. “From Protective to Equal Treatment: Legal Framing Processes and Transformation of the Women’s Movement in the 1960s.” American Journal of Sociology 111, no. 6: 1718-1761. https://doi.org/10.1086/499911Perricone, Anita. 2020. “La judicialización de la protesta y sus resultados: una tipología de la movilización legal en el Chile post-transición (1990-2018).” Revista de ciencia política (Santiago) 40, no. 1: 73-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2020000100073Polletta, Francesca. 2017. “The Structural Context of Novel Rights Claims: Southern Civil Rights Organizing, 1961-1966.” In Law and Social Movements, edited by Michael McCann, 97-136. Routledge.Robinson, Tracy. 2017. “Legalising Norms related to Sexual, Gender and Bodily Diversity in the Inter-American Human Rights System.” Paper presented at Seminario en Latinoamérica de Teoría Constitucional y Política (SELA), Quito, Ecuador, June 8-11, 2017.Salas-Herrera, Natalia. 2019. “Derecho y cambio social: un ejercicio aplicado desde vidas trans.” Cadernos Pagu 56. https://doi.org/10.1590/18094449201900560016Tarrow, Sidney. 1996. “States and Opportunities: The political Structuring of Social Movements.” In Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, edited by Doug McAdam, John D. McCarthy, and Mayer N. Zald, 41-61. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Tarrow, Sidney. 2005. The New Transnational Activism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Tilly, Charles. 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading: Addison-Wesley.Wahlström, Mattias, and Abby Peterson, A. 2006. “Between the State and the Market: Expanding the Concept of ‘Political Opportunity Structure.’” Acta Sociologica 49, no. 4: 363-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699306071677Amnesty International. 2019. “From slurs to sexual violence, women human rights defenders come under global attack.” Last modified November 29, 2019. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2019/11/from-slurs-to-sexual-violence-women-human-rights-defenders-come-under-global-attack/Bunch, Charlotte. 1990. “Women’s Rights as Human Rights: Toward a Re-Vision of Human Rights.” Human Rights Quarterly 12, no. 4: 486-498. https://doi.org/10.2307/762496Butler, Judith. 2021. “Why is the idea of ‘gender’ provoking backlash the world over?” The Guardian, October 23, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/commentisfree/2021/oct/23/judith-butler-gender-ideology-backlashCallamard, Agnès, Michal Balcerzak, Rhona Smith, Bernard Duhaime, Hilal Elver, Dainius Puras, Leilalni Farha, et. al. 2018. “Re: Comments to the Draft Crimes against Humanity Convention.” Last modified November 30, 2018. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Executions/Letter- Gender.pdfCAT (United Nations Committee against Torture). 2008. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. General Comment No. 2. Implementation of article 2 by States parties. CAT/C/GC/2, January 24, 2008. Accessed September 3, 2020. https:// www.refworld.org/legal/general/cat/2008/en/53514CAT (United Nations Committee against Torture). 2012. General Comment No. 3 (2012). Implementation of article 14 by States parties. CAT/C/GC/3, November 19, 2012. Accessed June 28, 2020. https://documents.un.org/ doc/undoc/gen/g12/487/18/pdf/g1248718.pdf?token=56pXjoecEDuT0Q ea90&fe=trueCAT (United Nations Committee against Torture). 2016. Ninth annual report of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. CAT/C/57/4, March 22, 2016. Accessed June 28, 2020. https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/ g16/059/73/pdf/g1605973.pdf?token=LABp62o4dAN5Vo8q5g&fe=trueCEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 1992. CEDAW General Recommendation No. 19: Violence against Women. A/47/38, 1992. Accessed October 9, 2020. https://www.refworld. org/legal/general/cedaw/1992/en/14045CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2010. General Recommendation No. 28 on the Core Obligations of States Parties under Article 2 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. CEDAW/C/GC/28, December 16, 2010. Accessed October 15, 2020. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/711350/?ln=en&v=pdfCEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2015. General Recommendation No. 33 on women’s access to justice. CEDAW/GC/33, August 3, 2015. Accessed October 16, 2020. https:// digitallibrary.un.org/record/807253?ln=en&v=pdfCopelon, Rhonda. 2000. “Gender Crimes as War Crimes: Integrating Crimes against Women into International Criminal Law.” McGill Law Journal 46: 217-240.CESCR (United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). 2005. Substantive issues arising in the implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. General Comment No. 16 (2005). The equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights (art. 3 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). E/C.12/2005/4, August 11, 2005. Accessed July 19, 2020. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/cescr/2005/en/33346CESCR (United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). 2009. General Comment No. 20. Non-Discrimination in Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Art. 2, Para. 2, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). E/C.12/GC/20, July 2, 2009. Accessed July 19, 2020. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/659980?ln=en&v=pdfDavis, Lisa. 2018a. “Reimagining Justice for Gender-Based Crimes at the Margins: New Legal Strategies for Prosecuting Isis Crimes Against Women and LGBTQI+ Persons.” William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice 24, no. 3: 513-558.Davis, Lisa. 2018b. “Will the new crimes against humanity treaty protect women and LGBTI persons?” openDemocracy, September 21, 2018. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/will-new-crimes-against-humanity-treaty-protect-women-and-lgbti-persons/Davis, Lisa. 2019a. “This is how we won a historic victory for women’s and LGBTQI+ rights in international law.” openDemocracy, June 26, 2021. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/this-is-how-we-won-a-historic-victory-for-womens-and-LGBTQI+-rights-in-international-law/Davis, Lisa. 2019b. “New Draft of ‘Crimes against Humanity’ Treaty Affirms Protection for Women and LGBTQI+ Persons. The Fight Wasn’t Easy—and It Isn’t Over Yet.” Common Dreams, June 24, 2019. https://www.commondreams.org/views/2019/06/24/new-draft-crimes-against-humanity-treaty-affirms-protection-women-and-LGBTQI+Davis, Lisa. 2021. “Dusting Off the Law Books: Recognizing Gender Persecution in Conflicts and Atrocities.” Northwestern Journal of Human Rights 20, no. 1: 1-62.Davis, Lisa, and Danny Bradley. 2022. “Victory for Women and LGBTIQ Rights under International Criminal Law: Gender in the Draft Crimes against Humanity Treaty.” In Gender and International Criminal Law, edited by Indira Rosenthal, Valerie Oosterveld, and Susana SáCouto. New York: Oxford University Press.Davis, Lisa, J. M. Kirby, Jessica Sterna, and Rene Uruena. 2018. “Re: The Definition of Gender in the Draft Crimes Against Humanity Convention.” Letter to members of the International Law Commission, December 1, 2018. Accessed June 30, 2020. https://www.law.cuny.edu/wp-content/uploads/ page-assets/academics/clinics/hrgj/New-Final-Submission-Letter-CUNYMADRE- OutRight-Los-Andes.pdfEnloe, Cynthia. 2000. Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives. Berkeley: University of California Press.IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2017. Advisory Opinion OC-24/17 of November 24, 2017, requested by the Republic of Costa Rica. Gender identity, and equality and non-discrimination of same-sex couples. Accessed July 3, 2020. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/opiniones/ seriea_24_eng.pdfICC (International Criminal Court). 1998. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Rome, July 17, 1998. Accessed June 15, 2020. https:// treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1998/07/19980717%2006-33%20PM/volume- 2187-I-38544-English.pdfILC (United Nations International Law Commission). 2019a. Crimes against humanity: comments and observations received from Governments, international organizations and others. A/CN.4/726, January 21, 2019. https:// documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n19/017/37/pdf/n1901737.pdf?token= HIySbk6sfoi8OSM4i8&fe=trueILC (United Nations International Law Commission). 2019b. Fourth report on crimes against humanity. By Sean D. Murphy, Special Rapporteur. A/ CN.4/725, February 18, 2019. Accessed September 20, 2020. https:// digitallibrary.un.org/record/3800178?v=pdfILC (United Nations International Law Commission). 2019c. Provisional summary record of the 3468th meeting. A/CN.4/SR.3468, May 22, 2019. Accessed September 20, 2020. https://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/summary_ records/a_cn4_sr3468.pdfOffice of the Prosecutor. 2014. Policy Paper on Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes. International Criminal Court, June 2014. Accessed June 29, 2020. https:// www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/Policy_Paper_on_Sexual_and_Gender- Based_Crimes-20_June_2014-ENG.pdfOHCHR (United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights). n.d. “Enhancing participation and protecting civic space.” Accessed June 30, 2020. https://romena.ohchr.org/en/node/186OHCHR (United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights). 2000. CCPR General Comment No. 28: Article 3 (The Equality of Rights between Men and Women). CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.10, March 29, 2000. Accessed June 30, 2020. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/hrc/2000/en/38892Oosterveld, Valerie. 2005. “The Definition of ‘Gender’ in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Step Forward or Back for International Criminal Justice?” Harvard Human Rights Journal 18: 55-84. 82 (2005).OutRight International. 2018. “The International Crimes against Humanity Treaty: A Toolkit for Advocates.” Accessed September 23, 2021. https://outrightinternational.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/CTA-Toolkit_Interntnl_CAH_Treaty%20%281%29.pdfUN LGBTI Core Group. 2017. “Promotion and Protection of Human Rights.” 72nd Session of the General Assembly. Third Committee, Item 72 (b,c). Statement of the UN LGBTI Core Group, October 27, 2017. Accessed August 20, 2020. https://unlgbticoregroup.org/2017/10/27/promotion-and-protection-of-human-rights/UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). n.d.a. “Social, Humanitarian & Cultural Issues (Third Committee).” Accessed June 29, 2020. https://www.un.org/en/ga/third/UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). n.d.b. “Sixth Committee (Legal).” Accessed June 29, 2020. https://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/index.shtmlUNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2001. Question of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Note by the Secretary-General. A/56/156, July 3, 2001. Accessed June 17, 2020. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/446206?v=pdfUNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2017. Report of the International Law Commission Sixty-ninth session (1 May-2 June and 3 June-4 August 2017). A/72/10. Accessed June 30. 2020. https://legal.un.org/docs/?symbol=A/72/10UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2018. Protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Note by the Secretariat. A/73/152, July 12, 2018. Accessed June 27, 2020. https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n18/220/41/pdf/n1822041.pdf?token=Evp5URFqQ6hD6CQ6mu&fe=trueUNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2019. Report of the International Law Commission. Seventy-first session (29 April-7 June and 8 July-9 August 2019). A/74/10. Accessed June 29, 2020. https://documents.un.org/doc/ undoc/gen/g19/243/93/pdf/g1924393.pdf?token=0XbJK2ISxCDWQZP ywi&fe=trueUnited Nations. 1996. Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women. Beijing, 4-5 September 1995. A/CONF.177/20/Rev.1. Accessed August 1, 2022. https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/pdf/Beijing%20full%20 report%20E.pdfAtrey, Shreya. 2017. “Fifty Years On: The Curious Case of Intersectional Discrimination in the ICCPR.” Nordic Journal of Human Rights 35, no. 3: 220-239. https://doi.org/10.1080/18918131.2017.1350505Atrey, Shreya. 2019. Intersectional Discrimination. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Atrey, Shreya. 2020. “Beyond Universality.” In Intersectionality and Human Rights Law, edited by Shreya Atrey and Peter Dunne, 17-38. London: Hart Publishing.Atrey, Shreya, and Peter Dunne. 2020. Intersectionality and Human Rights Law. 1st ed. London: Hart Publishing.Brems, Eva, and Alexandra Timmer. 2016. Stereotypes and Human Rights Law. Cambridge: Intersentia.Butler, Judith. 2011. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex.” New York, NY: Routledge.Campbell, Meghan. 2015. “CEDAW and Women’s Intersecting Identities: A Pioneering New Approach to Intersectional Discrimination.” Revista Direito GV 11, no. 2: 479-504. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-2432201521CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2015. General Recommendation No. 33 on Women’s Access to Justice. CEDAW/C/GC/33, August 3, 2015. Accessed September 20, 2022. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/807253?ln=es&v=pdfCEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2017. General Recommendation No. 35 on Gender-Based Violence against Women, Updating General Recommendation No. 19. CEDAW/C/GC/35, July 26, 2017. Accessed September 20, 2022. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1305057?ln=en&v=pdfCelorio, Rosa. 2019. “Discrimination and the Regional Human Rights Protection Systems: The Enigma of Effectiveness.” University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law 40, no. 4: 781-837.Cho, Sumi. 2013. “Post-Intersectionality: The Curious Reception of Intersectionality in Legal Scholarship.” Du Bois Review 10, no. 2: 385-404. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X13000362Chow, Pok Yin S. 2016. “Has Intersectionality Reached Its Limits? Intersectionality in the UN Human Rights Treaty Body Practice and the Issue of Ambivalence.” Human Rights Law Review 16, no. 3: 453-481. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngw016Chu, Andrea Long. 2018. “On Liking Women.” N+1 30. Accessed September 12, 2022. https://nplusonemag.com/issue-30/essays/on-liking-women/Chu, Andrea Long. 2019. Females. London; New York: Verso.Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989, no. 1: 139-167.Cusack, Simone, and Lisa Pusey. 2013. “Cedaw and the Rights to Non-Discrimination and Equality.” Melbourne Journal of International Law 14, no. 1: 1-39.De Grazia, Martin. 2020. Crímenes de odio contra personas LGBTI en América Latina y El Caribe. Buenos Aires: ILGALAC.Fredman, Sandra. 1997. Women and the Law. Oxford: Clarendon.Fredman, Sandra. 2011. Discrimination Law. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Fredman, Sandra. 2016. “Substantive Equality Revisited.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 14, no. 3: 712-738. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/ mow043Góngora Mera, Manuel. 2020. “Discriminación en clave interseccional: tendencias recientes en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.” In Interamericanización de los DESCA: El Caso Cuscul Pivaral de La Corte IDH, edited by Mariela Morales Antoniazzi, Liliana Ronconi, and Laura Clérico, 399-427. Instituto de Estudios Constitucionales del Estado de Querétaro.González Le Saux, Marianne, and Óscar Parra Vera. 2008. “Concepciones y cláusulas de igualdad en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana. A propósito del Caso Apitz.” Revista Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos 47: 127-164.HRC (United Nations Human Rights Council). 2011. Discriminatory Laws and Practices and Acts of Violence against Individuals Based on Their Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. A/HRC/19/41, November 17, 2011. Accessed August 23, 2022. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/ Issues/Discrimination/A.HRC.19.41_English.pdfIACHR (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights). 1999. Consideraciones sobre la compatibilidad de las medidas de acción afirmativa concebidas para promover la participación política de la mujer con los principios de igualdad y no discriminación. Washington: IACHR.IACHR (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights). 2018. Report No. 157/18 Case 13.051. Report on Merits. Vicky Hernández and Family. Accessed August 10, 2022. https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/decisions/court/2019/13051FondoEn.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2005. Case of YATAMA v. Nicaragua. Judgment of June 23, 2005 (Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs). Accessed August 20, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_127_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2006. Case of the Miguel Castro-Castro Prison v. Peru. Judgment of November 25, 2006 (Merits, Reparations and Costs). Accessed August 11, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_160_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2014. Case of Human Rights Defender et al. v. Guatemala. Judgment of August 28, 2014 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed August 20, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_283_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2015. Case of Gonzales Lluy et al. v. Ecuador, Judgment of September 1, 2015 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed August 20, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_298_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2016a. Case of I.V. v. Bolivia. Judgment of November 30, 2016 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 7, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_329_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2016b. Case of The Hacienda Brasil Verde Workers v. Brazil. Judgment of October 20, 2016 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 1, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_318_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2018a. Case of Cuscul Pivaral et al. v. Guatemala. Judgment of August 23, 2018 (Preliminary objection, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 11, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_359_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2018b. Case of V.R.P., V.P.C. et al. v. Nicaragua. Judgment of March 8, 2018 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Series C No. 350. San José. Accessed September 7, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_350_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2018c. Case of Ramírez Escobar et al. v. Guatemala. Judgment of March 9, 2018 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 14, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_351_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2020a. Case of the Workers of the Fireworks Factory in Santo Antônio de Jesus and Their Families v. Brazil. Judgment of July 15, 2020 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 5, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/ articulos/seriec_407_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2020b. Case of Guzmán Albarracín et al. v. Ecuador. Judgment of June 24, 2020 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 14, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_405_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2021. Case of Vicky Hernández et al. v. Honduras. Judgment of March 26, 2021 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed August 7, 2022. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/ articulos/seriec_422_ing.pdfInternational Commission of Jurists. 2007. The Yogyakarta Principles: Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. Accessed June 12, 2022. https:// webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20170621123742/http://www.refworld.org/ docid/48244e602.htmlJaramillo Vélez, Isabel Cristina, and Laura Carlson. 2021. Trans Rights and Wrongs: A Comparative Study of Legal Reform Concerning Trans Persons. Cham: Springer.Kapur, Ratna. 2018. Gender, Alterity and Human Rights: Freedom in a Fishbowl. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.Kim, So Yeon. 2021. “Les Vulnérables: Evaluating the Vulnerability Criterion in Article 14 Cases by the European Court of Human Rights.” Legal Studies (Society of Legal Scholars) 41, no. 4: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2021.21Kornak, Jacek. 2015. “Judith Butler’s Queer Conceptual Politics.” Redescriptions: Yearbook of Political Thought, Conceptual History and Feminist Theory 18, no. 1: 52-73. https://doi.org/10.7227/R.18.1.4MacKinnon, Catharine A. 1983. “Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward Feminist Jurisprudence.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 8, no. 4: 635-658. https://doi.org/10.1086/494000Malkin, Elisabeth. 2009. “Honduran President Is Ousted in Coup.” New York Times, June 28, 2009. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/29/world/americas/29honduras.htmlOAS (Organization of American States). 1969. American Convention on Human Rights. “Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica.” Accessed September 12, 2022. https://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_b-32_american_convention_on_human_rights.pdfShelton, Dinah. 2011. “Prohibición de discriminación en el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos.” Anuario de Derechos Humanos 4. https://doi.org/10.5354/0718-2058.2008.13488Solanas, Valerie. 2013. SCUM Manifesto. Edinburgh: AK Press.Stock, Kathleen. 2021. Material Girls: Why Reality Matters for Feminism. Little, Brown Book Group.Truscan, Ivona, and Joanna Bourke-Martignoni. 2016. “International Human Rights Law and Intersectional Discrimination.” The Equal Rights Review 16: 103-131.UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1994. Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women (“Convention of Belém do Pará”). Accessed June 27, 2022. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b38b1c.htmlVargas Vera, Georgina. 2016. “Interseccionalidad de la discriminación, formas agravadas de vulnerabilidad. El Caso Gonzales Lluy y Otros v. Ecuador.” Iuris Dictio 18: 139-148.Zota-Bernal, Andrea Catalina. 2015. “Incorporación del análisis interseccional en las sentencias de la Corte IDH sobre grupos vulnerables, su articulación con la interdependencia e indivisibilidad de los derechos humanos.” Eunomía. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad 9: 67-85.Chow, Pok Yin S. 2016. “Has Intersectionality Reached Its Limits? Intersectionality in the UN Human Rights Treaty Body Practice and the Issue of Ambivalence.” Human Rights Law Review 16, no. 3: 453-481. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngw016Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1989. “Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1: 139-167.Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 2004. “Interseccionalidade na discriminação de raça e gênero.” Accessed April 16, 2024. https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4253342/mod_resource/content/1/IntersecionalidadeNaDiscriminacaoDeRacaEGenero_KimberleCrenshaw.pdfGil Hernández, Franklin. 2016. “Feminismo negro e interseccionalidad: diáspora epistemológica, apropiaciones locales y posibilidades para Colombia.” In Género y sociedad: retos actuales del discurso de género, edited by Javier A. Acevedo G, 157-185. Bucaramanga: Ediciones UIS.Harris, Angela P. 1990. “Race and Essentialism in Feminist Legal Theory.” Stanford Law Review 42, no. 3: 581-616. https://doi.org/10.2307/1228886IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2015. Case of Gonzales Lluy et al. v. Ecuador, Judgment of September 1, 2015 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed August 20, 2023. https://www. corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_298_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2016a. Case of The Hacienda Brasil Verde Workers v. Brazil. Judgment of October 20, 2016 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 1, 2023. https:// www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_318_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2016b. Case of I.V. v. Bolivia. Judgment of November 30, 2016 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 7, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_329_ing.pdf IACtHR (Inter-American Court of HumanIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2018a. Case of V.R.P., V.P.C. et al. v. Nicaragua. Judgment of March 8, 2018 (Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 7, 2023. https://www. corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_350_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2018b. Case of Ramírez Escobar et al. v. Guatemala. Judgment of March 9, 2018 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 14, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_351_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2020. Case of Guzmán Albarracín et al. v. Ecuador. Judgment of June 24, 2020 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 14, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/ articulos/seriec_405_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2021. Case of Vicky Hernández et al. v. Honduras. Judgment of March 26, 2021 (Merits, reparations and costs). Accessed September 14, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_422_ing.pdfOAS (Organization of American States). 1994. Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (“Convention of Belém do Pará”). Accessed June 27, 2023. https://www. oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/BelemDoPara-ENGLISH.pdfOntario Human Rights Commission. 2001. An Intersectional Approach to Discrimination. Addressing Multiple Grounds in Human Rights Claims. Accessed September 23, 2022. https://www3.ohrc.on.ca/sites/default/files/attachments/An_intersectional_approach_to_discrimination%3A_Addressing_multiple_grounds_in_human_rights_claims.pdfViveros Vigoya, Mara. 2016. “La interseccionalidad: una aproximación situada a la dominación.” Debate Feminista 52. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.df.2016.09.005“Beijing Declaration of Indigenous Women.” 1995. NGO Forum, United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, September 4-15, 1996, Beijing, China. Accessed February 2, 2023. https://lib.icimod.org/record/9913Anders, Allison Daniel, and James M. DeVita. 2014. “Intersectionality: A Legacy from Critical Legal Studies and Critical Race Theory.” In Intersectionality & Higher Education: Theory, Research, and Praxis, edited by Donald Mitchell Jr, 31-44. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.Bachand, Rémi. 2018. Les subalternes et le droit international: une critique politique. Paris: Editions Pedone.Bellier, Irène, Leslie Cloud, and Laurent Lacroix. 2017. Le droit des peuples autochtones: des Nations unies aux sociétés locales. Paris: L’Harmattan.Cahier, Laura. 2022. “Environmental Justice in the United Nations Human Rights System: Challenges and Opportunities for the Protection of Indigenous Women’s Rights against Environmental Violence.” The George Washington Journal of Energy and Environmental Law 13, no. 1: 37-57.Cahier, Laura, and Garance Robert. 2022. “La pandémie de la COVID-19, un catalyseur des mobilisations sociales au Guatemala? Une enquête à distance entre ruptures et continuités.” In La pandémie de Covid-19. Expériences américaines, edited by Capucine Boidin, Claudia Damasceno, Marion Magnan, François-Michel Le Tourneau, and Hervé Théry, 72-91. Aubervilliers: Éditions de l’IHEAL.CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2016. Concluding observations on the combined eighth and ninth periodic reports of Canada. CEDAW/C/CAN/CO/8-9, November 25, 2016. Accessed January 20, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/ record/3802136?ln=en&v=pdfCEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2021. Concept Note for a General Recommendation on Indigenous Women and Girls. 79th Session Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, June 21-July 1, 2021. Accessed February 3, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CEDAW/Pages/DGDRightsIndigenousWomenAndGirls. aspxCEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2022. General Recommendation No. 39 on the Rights of Indigenous Women and Girls. CEDAW/C/GC/39, October 26, 2022. Accessed January 24, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/general-recommendation-no39-2022-rights-indigeneousCharlesworth, Hilary, Christine Chinkin, and Shelley Wright. 1991. “Feminist Approaches to International Law.” American Journal of International Law 85, no. 4: 613-645. https://doi.org/10.2307/2203269Colin, Philippe, and Lissell Quiroz. 2023. Pensées décoloniales: une introduction aux théories critiques d’Amérique latine. Paris: Éditions La Découverte.Corntassel, Jeff, and Laura Parisi. 2007. “In Pursuit of Self-Determination: Indigenous Women’s Challenges to Traditional Diplomatic Spaces.” Canadian Foreign Policy Journal 13, no. 3: 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2007.9673444Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989, no. 1: 139-167.ECMIA (Enlace Continental de Mujeres Indígenas de las Américas), and CHIRAPAQ. 2015. Nada sobre nosotras sin nosotras: Beijing +20 y las mujeres indígenas de las Américas: avances, vacíos y desafíos. Lima. Accessed February 17, 2023. http://ecmia.org/index.php/publicaciones/175-nada-sobre-nosotras-sin-nosotrasEspinosa, Maria Fernanda. 1997. “Indigenous Women on Stage: Retracing the Beijing Conference from Below.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 18, no. 2: 237-255. https://doi.org/10.2307/3346977FIMI (International Indigenous Women’s Forum). n.d. “Indigenous Women Standing for Gender Equality.” Accessed January 10, 2023. https://fimi-iiwf.org/indigenous-women-standing-for-gender-equality/?lang=enGeslin, Albane. 2020. “L’apport des postcolonial studies à la recherche en droit international.” In Postcolonialisme et droit: perspectives épistémologiques, edited by Albane Geslin, Carlos Miguel Herrera, and Marie-Claire Ponthoreau, 159-186. Paris: Kimé.Henderson, James Y. 2008. Indigenous Diplomacy and the Rights of Peoples: Achieving UN Recognition. Purich Publishing.Hodgson, Dorothy L. 2002. “Comparative Perspectives on the Indigenous Rights Movements.” American Anthropologist 104, no. 4: 1037-1049.HRC (United Nations Human Rights Council). 2015. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Victoria Tauli Corpuz. A/HRC/30/41, August 6, 2015. Accessed January 30, 2023. https://digitallibrary. un.org/record/848738?ln=en&v=pdfKnobblock, Ina, and Rauna Kuokkanen. 2015. “Decolonizing Feminism in the North: A Conversation with Rauna Kuokkanen.” Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 23, no. 4: 275-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/080 38740.2015.1090480Kuokkanen, Rauna. 2012. “Self-Determination and Indigenous Women’s Rights at the Intersection of International Human Rights.” Human Rights Quarterly 34, no. 1: 225-250.Kuokkanen, Rauna. 2016. “Indigenous women’s rights and international law: Challenges of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.” In Handbook of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights, edited by Corinne Lennox and Damien Short, 129-145. New York: Routledge.Lightfoot, Sheryl R. 2016. “Indigenous mobilization and activism in the UN system.” In Handbook of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights, edited by Corinne Lennox and Damien Short, 253-267. New York: Routledge. 254.Lugones, María. 2011. “Hacia un feminismo descolonial.” La Manzana de la discordia 6, no. 2: 105-119.Macleod, Morna. 2008. “Voces diversas, opresiones y resistencias múltiples: las luchas de mujeres mayas en Guatemala.” In Etnografías e historias de resistencia. Mujeres indígenas, procesos organizativos y nuevas identidades políticas, edited by Rosalva Aída Hernández Castillo, 127-180. Mexico City: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social.Montanaro, Mara. 2023. Théories féministes voyageuses: Internationalisme et coalitions depuis les luttes latino-américaines. Paris: Éditions divergences.Morin, Françoise. 2005. “L’ONU comme Creuset de l’autochtonie.” Parcours anthropologiques 5: 35-42. https://doi.org/10.4000/pa.1873Nadal, Marie-José. 2021. Les femmes autochtones dans l’espace public mexicain. Québec: Presses de l’Université Laval.National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. 2019. Reclaiming Power and Place. The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Québec, 2019. Accessed June 21, 2022. https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/final-report/Nussbaum, Martha. 2016. “Women’s Progress and Women’s Human Rights.” Human Rights Quarterly 38, no. 3: 589-622. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2016.0043NWAC (Native Women’s Association of Canada). n.d. “About us.” Accessed January 11, 2023. https://www.nwac.ca/about/NWAC (Native Women’s Association of Canada). 2019. “The #NWACAccord positions Indigenous women to have a voice at decision-making tables.” Facebook, March 14, 2019. https://www.facebook.com/NWAC.AFAC/photos/a.398073732474/10156238831132475Razack, Sherene H. 2016. “Gendering Disposability.” Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 28, no. 2: 285-307. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.28.2.285Rivera Zea, Tarcila. 2008. “Mujeres indígenas americanas luchando por sus derechos.” In Descolonizando el feminismo: teorías y prácticas desde los márgenes, edited by Liliana Suárez Navaz and Rosalva Aída Hernández Castillo, 329-349. Ediciones Cátedra.Santos, Boaventura de Sousa. 2021. “Human Rights, Democracy and Development.” In The Pluriverse of Human Rights: The Diversity of Struggles for Dignity, edited by Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Bruno Martins, 21-40. New York: Routledge.Sinclair-Blakemore, Adaena. 2019. “Indigenous Women’s Rights in International Law: Comparative Analysis of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.” Australian International Law Journal 26: 21-44.Sjørslev, Inger. 1998. “Women, Gender Studies and the International Indigenous Movement.” In Indigenous Women: The Right to a Voice, edited by Diana Vinding, 296-312. Copenhagen: IWGIA.Sosa, Lorena P. A. 2017a. “Inter-American Case Law on Femicide: Obscuring intersections?” Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 35, no. 2: 85-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0924051917708382Sosa, Lorena P. A. 2017b. Intersectionality in the Human Rights Legal Framework on Violence Against Women: At the Center of the Margins? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Speed, Shannon. 2019. Incarcerated Stories: Indigenous Women Migrants and Violence in the Settler-Capitalist State. North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press.Suzack, Cheryl. 2016. “Human Rights and Indigenous Feminisms.” In Handbook of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights, edited by Corinne Lennox and Damien Short, 146-163. New York: Routledge.Talpade Mohanty, Chandra. 2003. Feminism Without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity. Duke University Press.United Nations Network on Racial Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. 2022. Guidance Note on Intersectionality, Racial Discrimination & Protection of Minorities. Accessed February 3, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/ default/files/documents/issues/minorities/30th-anniversary/2022-09-22/ GuidanceNoteonIntersectionality.pdfUNPFII (United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues). 2004. Report on the third session (10-21 May 2004). E/C.19/2004/23. Accessed January 30, 2023. https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=E%2FC.19%2F 2004%2F23&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=FalseUNPFII (United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues). 2019. Report on the eighteenth session (22 April-3 May 2019). E/C.19/2019/10. Accessed February 10, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3808435?ln=en&v=pdfValladares de la Cruz, Laura R. 2008. “Los derechos humanos de las mujeres indígenas: De la aldea local a los foros internacionales.” Alteridades 18, no. 35: 47-65.Women’s Human Rights Institute. 2020. “Brief History of the movement for a CEDAW General Recommendation on Indigenous Women.” Last modified November 2020. https://learnwhr.org/history-general-recommendationon- indigenous-women/Zota-Bernal, Andrea Catalina. 2015. “Incorporación del análisis interseccional en las sentencias de la Corte IDH sobre grupos vulnerables, su articulación con la interdependencia e indivisibilidad de los derechos humanos.” Eunomía. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad 9: 67-85.“Sentencia C-507-99.” 1999. Corte Constitucional de Colombia, July 14, 2009.“Sentencia C-636/09.” 2009. Corte Constitucional de Colombia, September 16, 2009.“Sentencia SU-476-97.” 1997. Corte Constitucional de Colombia, September 25, 1997.“Sentencia T-109-21.” 2021. Corte Constitucional de Colombia, April 27, 2021.Adriaenssens, Stef, Giulia Garofalo Geymonat, and Laura Oso. 2016. “Quality of Work in Prostitution and Sex Work. Introduction to the Special Section.” Sociological Research Online 21, no. 4: 121-132. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.4165Bernstein, Elizabeth. 1999. “What’s Wrong with Prostitution? What’s Right with Sex Work? Comparing Markets in Female Sexual Labor.” Hastings Women’s Law Journal 10, no. 1: 91-117.Bindel, Julie. 2017. The Pimping of Prostitution: Abolishing the Sex Work Myth. London: Springer.El Espectador. 2021. “Desempleo en Colombia: reactivación en clave de informalidad.” El Espectador, January 29, 2021. https://www.elespectador.com/economia/desempleo-en-colombia-reactivacion-en-clave-de-informalidad-article/Franke, Katherine M. 2016. “Theorizing Yes: An Essay on Feminism, Law, and Desire.” In Feminist and Queer Legal Theory, edited by Martha Albertson Fineman, Jack E. Jackson, and Adam P. Romero, 43-58. London: Routledge.Gallego-Montes, Gabriel. 2020. “Prostitución en contextos de conflicto armado en Colombia.” Revista CS 31: 413-437. https://doi.org.10.18046/recs.i31.3508Halley, Janet. 2018a. “Introducing Governance Feminism.” In Governance Feminism: An Introduction, edited by Janet Halley, Prabha Kotiswaran, Rachel Rebouché, and Hila Shamir, ix-xxi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Halley, Janet. 2018b. “Where in the Legal Order Have Feminists Gained Inclusion?” In Governance Feminism: An Introduction, edited by Janet Halley, Prabha Kotiswaran, Rachel Rebouché, and Hila Shamir, 3-21. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Halley, Janet, Prabha Kotiswaran, Hila Shamir, and Chantal Thomas. 2006. “From the International to the Local in Feminist Legal Responses to Rape, Prostitution/Sex Work, and Sex Trafficking: Four Studies in Contemporary Governance Feminism.” Harvard Journal of Law & Gender 29, no. 2: 335-423.Jackson, Crystal A, Jennifer J Reed, and Barbara G Brents. 2017. “Strange Confluences: Radical Feminism and Evangelical Christianity as Drivers of US Neo-Abolitionism.” In Feminism, Prostitution and the State, 66–85. Routledge.Jaramillo Ruiz, Felipe, and Lina M. Céspedes-Báez. 2020. “el feminismo de la gobernanza en la CEDAW: la cuestión sobre el trabajo sexual y la prostitución.” Cadernos Pagu 59: 2-30. https://doi.org/10.1590/180944492020 00590017Jeffreys, Sheila. 2009. “Prostitution, Trafficking and Feminism: An Update on the Debate.” In Women’s Studies International Forum, 32:316–320. Pergamon.Kissil, Karni, and Maureen Davey. 2010. “The Prostitution Debate in Feminism: Current Trends, Policy and Clinical Issues Facing an Invisible Population.” Journal of Feminist Family Therapy 22 (1). Routledge: 1–21. doi:10.1080/08952830903453604.Lowenkron, Laura, and Adriana Piscitelli. 2015. “Trabajadoras sexuales, policía, migración y trata internacional de seres humanos en los dos lados del océano.” In Género y violencia en el mercado del sexo: política, policía y prostitución, edited by Deborah Daich and Mariana Sirimarco, 173-203. Buenos Aires: Biblos.MacKinnon, Catharine A. 1983. “Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward Feminist Jurisprudence.” Signs 8 (4). University of Chicago Press: 635–658. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3173687Nieto Olivar, José M. 2015. “‘¡Dios me la puso en el medio para mi remedio!’: esferas públicas y producción jurídica de la ‘prostitución’ en la Colombia actual.” Revista Colombiana de Antropología 51, no. 1: 109-135. https://doi.org/10.22380/2539472X29O’Neil, Maggie. 2001. Prostitution & Feminism: Towards a Politics of Feeling. Cambridge: Policy Press.Outshoorn, Joyce. 2019. “Ward, Eilís and Gillian Wylie (Eds.), Feminism, Prostitution and the State. The Politics of Neo-Abolitionism.” Sexuality Research and Social Policy 16 (2): 251-253. doi:10.1007/s13178-018-0369-2.Piscitelli, Adriana. 2012. “Feminismos y prostitución en Brasil: una lectura a partir de la antropología feminista.” Cuadernos de Antropología Social, no. 36: 11-31. https://doi.org/10.34096/cas.i36.1349Presidencia de la República de Colombia. 1991. “Decreto Ley 2591.” Decreto Ley 2591. Vol. 40165. Bogotá, Bogotá: Diario Oficial, Noviembre 19.República de Colombia. 1991. “Constitución Política de Colombia.” Constitución Política de Colombia. Vol. 116. Bogotá, Bogotá: Gaceta Constitucional, Julio 20.Restrepo, Esteban. 2018. “La Constitución sentimental. Prostitución, trabajo sexual y trata de personas en Colombia.” Isonomía 48: 37-67.Rigotti, Carlotta. 2021. “When the Law Meets Feminisms: The Shortcomings of Contemporary Prostitution Policies across the European Union.” Women’s Studies International Forum 86: 102467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2021.102467Shrage, Laurie. 1994. Moral Dilemmas of Feminism: Prostitution, Adultery, and Abortion. New York: Routledge.Smith, Molly, and Juno Mac. 2020. Revolting Prostitutes. The Fight for Sex Workers’ Rights. London: Verso.Tirado Acero, Misael, Carlos A. Laverde Rodríguez, and Juan C. Bedoya Chavarriaga. 2019. “Prostitución en Colombia: hacia una aproximación sociojurídica a los derechos de los trabajadores sexuales.” Revista Latinoamericana de Derecho Social 29: 289-315. https://doi.org/10.22201/iij.24487899e.2019.29.13909Umaña, Fernando. 2023. “Trabajadoras sexuales presentan 5 puntos para incluir en la reforma laboral.” El Tiempo, February 7, 2023. https://www.eltiempo. com/economia/trabajadoras-sexuales-presentaran-propuestas-a-la-reformalaboral- 740180Vianna, Adriana, and Laura Lowenkron. 2017. “O duplo fazer do gênero e do Estado: interconexões, materialidades e linguagens.” Cadernos Pagu 51. https://doi.org/10.1590/18094449201700510001“Auto TP-SA 711.” 2021. Appeal Section of the Tribunal for Peace, JEP, March 17, 2021.“Sentencia T-718.” Constitutional Court of Colombia, December 11, 2017.“Sentencia TP-SA-168.” Tribunal for Peace, JEP, June 18, 2020.Alianza Cinco Claves. 2020. “The Connection between Sexual Violence and the Armed Conflict: A Call to Prevent Setbacks in the Special Jurisdiction for Peace.” Accessed October 4, 2023. https://humanas.org.co/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/16.-Cinco_Claves_ingles_final.pdfAlianza Cinco Claves. 2021. “Comunicado de la Alianza 5 Claves.” Corporación Humanas, March 2021. Accessed February 11, 2023. https://www.humanas.org.co/comunicado-de-la-alianza-5-claves/#:~:text=La%20Alianza%20Cinco%20Claves%20para,otras%20violencias%20motivadas%20en%20laBrown, Clare. 2019. “Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in Conflict: An International Crime?” American University International Law Review 34, no. 3: 503-533.Halley, Janet. 2008. “Rape in Berlin: Reconsidering the Criminalisation of Rape in the International Law of Armed Conflict.” Melbourne Journal of International Law 9: 1-47.JEP (Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz). n.d. “Salas de justicia de la JEP.” Accessed January 25, 2024. https://www.jep.gov.co/JEP/Paginas/Salas-de-la-JEP.aspxJEP (Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz). 2023. “La JEP La JEP abre macrocaso 11, que investiga la violencia basada en género, incluyendo violencia sexual y reproductiva, y crímenes cometidos por prejuicio.” Accessed January 18, 2024. https://www.jep.gov.co/Sala-de-Prensa/Paginas/-la-jep-abremacrocaso- 11-que-investiga-la-violencia-basada-en-genero-incluyendoviolencia- sexual-y-reproductiva-y-crimenes.aspxJEP (Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz). 2024. “Caso 1. Toma de rehenes, graves privciones de la libertad y otros crímenes concurrentes cometidos por las Farc-EP.” Last modified March 15, 2024. https://www.jep.gov.co/macrocasos/ caso01.html#containerLaidati, Ann, and Charlotte Mertens. 2019. “Resources and Rape: Congo’s (Toxic) Discursive Complex.” African Studies Review 62, no. 4: 57-82. https://doi. org/10.1017/asr.2018.126Lemaitre, Julieta, and Kristin Bergtora Sandvik. 2014. “Beyond Sexual Violence in Transitional Justice: Political Insecurity as a Gendered Harm.” Feminist Legal Studies 22: 243-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10691-014-9274-0Meger, Sara. 2016. “The Fetishization of Sexual Violence in International Security.” International Studies Quarterly 60, no. 1: 149-159. https://doi. org/10.1093/isq/sqw003Seelinger, Kim Thuy, and Elisabeth Jean Wood. 2021. “La violencia sexual como práctica de guerra: implicaciones para la investigación y enjuiciamiento de crímenes atroces.” Estudios Socio Jurídicos 23, no. 1: 1-41. https://doi. org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/sociojuridicos/a.10019Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2014. “Conflict-Related Sexual Violence and the Policy Implications of Recent Research.” International Review of the Red Cross 96, no. 894: 457-478.ACHPR (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights). 2003. Democratic Republic of Congo v. Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda -227/99. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://achpr.au.int/en/decisions-communications/democratic-republic-congo-burundi-rwanda-uganda-22799Barkun, Michael. 1964. “Conflict resolution through implicit mediation.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 8, no. 2: 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200276400800203Bell, Christine, and Catherine O’Rourke. 2010. “Peace agreements or pieces of paper? The impact of UNSC Resolution 1325 on peace processes and their agreements.” International & Comparative Law Quarterly 59, no. 4: 941-980. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002058931000062XCEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 1992. General Recommendation No. 19: Violence against Women. A/47/38, 1992. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/cedaw/1992/en/14045CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2004. General Recommendation No. 25, on article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, on Temporary Special Measures. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/cedaw/2004/en/87588CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2007a. Goekce v. Austria. Communication No. 5/2005. CEDAW/C/39/D/5/2005, August 6, 2007.CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2007b. Yildirim v. Austria. Communication No. 6/2005. CEDAW/C/39/D/6/2005, October 1, 2007.CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2013. General Recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations. CEDAW/C/GC/30, November 1, 2013. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/764506?ln=en&v=pdfCEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2017. General Recommendation No. 35, on Gender-Based Violence against Women, Updating General Recommendation No. 19. CEDAW/C/GC/35, July 26, 2017. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1305057?ln=en&v=pdfDharmapuri, Sahana. 2012. “Implementing UN Security Council Resolution 1325: Putting the Responsibility to Protect into Practice.” Global Responsibility to Protect 4, no. 2 (2012): 241-272. https://doi.org/10.1163/187598412X639728ECHR (European Court of Human Rights). 1997. Case of Aydin v. Turkey. 23178/94, Strasbourg, September 25, 1997.ECHR (European Court of Human Rights). 2003. Case of M.C. v. Bulgaria (Application No. 39272/98). Strasbourg, December 4, 2003.ECHR (European Court of Human Rights). 2008. Case of Bevacqua and S. v. Bulgaria (Application No. 71127/01). Strasbourg, July 12, 2008.ECHR (European Court of Human Rights). 2009. Case of Opuz v. Turkey (Application No. 33401/02). Strasbourg, June 9, 2009.Eckel, Catherine, Angela C. M. De Oliveira, and Philip J. Grossman. 2008. “Gender and negotiation in the small: are women (perceived to be) more cooperative than men?” Negotiation Journal 24, no. 4: 429-445. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.2008.00196.xElizabeth, Rehn, and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. 2002. Women, War, and Peace: The Independent Experts’ Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women’s Role in Peace-building. New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women.Human Rights Committee. 1996. CCPR General Comment No. 25: Article 25 (Participation in Public Affairs and the Right to Vote). The Right to Participate in Public Affairs, Voting Rights and the Right of Equal Access to Public Service. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1. Add.7, July 12, 1996. Accessed January 25, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/hrc/1996/en/28176IACHR (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights). 2001. Report No. 54/01, Case 12.051, Maria de Penha Maia Fernandes v. Brasil. OEA/Ser.L/V/ II.111doc.20 rev. at 704, April 16, 2001.IACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 1988. Case of Velásquez- Rodríguez v. Honduras. Judgment of July 29, 1988 (Merits). Accessed July 18, 2023. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_04_ing.pdfIACtHR (Inter-American Court of Human Rights). 2009. Case of González et al. (“Cotton Field”) v. Mexico. Judgment of November 16, 2009 (Preliminary Objection, Merits, Reparations, and Costs). Accessed July 18, 2023. https:// www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_205_ing.pdfICTR (International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda). 1998. The Prosecutor versus Jean-Paul Akayesu. Case No. ICTR-96-4, September 2, 1998.ICTY (International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia). 1998. Prosecutor v. Anto Furundžija. Case IT-95-17/1-T, December 10, 1998.Krause, Jana, Werner Krause, and Piia Bränfors. 2018. “Women’s participation in peace negotiations and the durability of peace.” International Interactions 44, no. 6: 985-1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2018.1492386Mitchell, Christopher Roger. 1989. The Structure of International Conflict. Springer.OAS. 2011. Report No. 80/11. Case 12.626. Merits. Jessica Lenahan (Gonzales) et al. v. United States. July 21, 2011.Shepherd, Laura J. 2020. “The paradox of prevention in the Women, Peace and Security agenda.” European Journal of International Security 5, no. 3: 315-331. https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2020.15UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1966. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, December 16, 1966. Accessed January 17, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rightsUNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1979. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/cedaw.pdfUNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1994. Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence Against Women (“Convention of Belém do Pará”). Accessed June 27, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b38b1c.htmlUNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2011. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly. 65/283. Strengthening the role of mediation in the peaceful settlement of disputes, conflict prevention and resolution. A/RES/65/283, July 28, 2011. Accessed July 14, 2023. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/GARes_StrengtheningTheRoleOfMediation_ARES65283%28english%29_0.pdfUnited Nations Department of Political Affairs. 2017. Guidance on Gender and Inclusive Mediation Strategies. Accessed July 14, 2023. https://www.un.org/shestandsforpeace/sites/www.un.org.shestandsforpeace/files/guidance_on_gender_and_inclusive_mediation_strategies.pdfUNSC (United Nations Security Council). 2000. Resolution 1325 (2000). S/RES/1325, October 31, 2000. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/unsc/2000/en/113308UNSC (United Nations Security Council). 2006. Resolution 1674. S/RES/1674, April 26, 2006.African Union. 2003. Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa. Maputo, Mozambique, July 11, 2003. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://au.int/en/treaties/protocol-african-charter-human-and-peoples-rights-establishment-african-court-human-andCEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 1992. General Recommendation No. 19: Violence against Women. A/47/38, 1992. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/legal/general/cedaw/1992/en/14045CEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2013. General Recommendation No. 30 on Women in Conflict Prevention, Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations. CEDAW/C/GC/30, November 1, 2013. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/764506?ln=en&v=pdfCEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2015. General Recommendation No. 33 on Women’s Access to Justice. CEDAW/C/GC/33, August 3, 2015. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/807253?ln=es&v=pdfCEDAW Committee (Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women). 2017. General Recommendation No. 35 on Gender-Based Violence against Women, Updating General Recommendation No. 19. CEDAW/C/GC/35, July 26, 2017. Accessed September 20, 2023. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1305057?ln=en&v=pdfCelorio, Rosa. 2022. Women and International Human Rights in Modern Times: A Contemporary Casebook. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.Chinkin, Christine, and Hilary Charlesworth. 2000. The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Council of Europe. 2011. The Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention). Istanbul, May 11, 2011. Accessed August 5, 2023. https://www.coe. int/en/web/gender-matters/council-of-europe-convention-on-preventingand- combating-violence-against-women-and-domestic-violenceDay, Adam. 2019. “Impact of UN Mission in South Sudan Complicated by Dilemmas of Protection.” IPI Global Observatory, December 12, 2019. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2019/12/impact-un-mission-south-sudancomplicated- by-dilemmas-of-protection/Divon, Shai André, and Morten Bøås. 2017. “Negotiating Justice: Legal Pluralism and Gender-Based Violence in Liberia.” Third World Quarterly 38, no. 6: 1381-1398. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1268908EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development), and IDLO (International Development Law Organization). 2019. EBRD-IDLO Research Study Women Entrepreneurs’ Access to Justice. Study Findings: Jordan. https:// www.idlo.int/sites/default/files/pdfs/publications/report-we_atoj-jordanfinal. pdfEdwards, Alice. 2010. Violence against Women under International Human Rights Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Ellsberg, Mary, Emma Fulu, Xian Warner, Alina Potts, Deviyani Dixit, and Chelsea Ullman. 2019. Ending Violence against Women and Girls: Evaluating a Decade of Australia’s Development Assistance. Canberra: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). Accessed July 14, 2023. https://www. dfat.gov.au/sites/default/files/evawg-final-report-nov-19.pdfHowes, Stephen, Denga Ilave, and Daisy Plana. 2017. “Responding to Gender Based Violence in an Urban Setting: The Early Story of Femili PNG.” Development Bulletin 78: 67-70.Observatorio Nacional de la Violencia. 2019. “Unidad de muerte violenta de mujeres y femicidios: Resultados del analisis enero-diciembre 2019.” Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. Accessed September 9, 2023. https://oig.cepal.org/sites/default/files/hn_boletin_femicidio2021.pdfIDLO (International Development Law Organization). 2020. Navigating Complex Pathways to Justice: Women and Customary and Informal Justice Systems. Accessed September 4, 2023. https://www.idlo.int/publications/issue-briefwomen- and-customary-and-informal-justice-systemKelly, Liz. 2005. “Inside Outsiders: Mainstreaming violence against women into human rights discourse and practice.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 7, no. 4: 471-495. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616740500284391Merry, Sally Engle. 2005. “Gender Violence and the CEDAW Process.” In Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Mills, Albert, Gabrielle Durepos, and Elden Wiebe. 2010. Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.Murphy, Maureen, Erika Fraser, Guy Lamb, and Lillian Artz. 2022. Evidence for Action: What Works to Prevent Conflict-Related Sexual Violence. What Works to Prevent Violence: Impact at Scale Programme. Accessed July 6, 2023. https://www.sddirect.org.uk/sites/default/files/2024-04/14.%20CRSV%20Flagship%20Report_0.pdfNgonze, Caroline K. 2009. “Effectiveness of the Traditional Justice Systems in Delivering Justice to Women Victims of Sexual and Gender Based Violence among Ethnic Kunama Refugees in Ethiopia.” MA Thesis, University of Nairobi, Kenya. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/5215OACNUDH (Oficina del Alto Comisionado De las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos en Honduras). 2019. Análisis y observaciones al Nuevo Código Penal desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos. Accessed June 12, 2023. https://oacnudh.hn/analisis-y-observaciones-al-nuevo-codigo-penal-desde-una-perspectiva-de-derechos-humanos/OAS (Organization of American States). 1994. Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women (“Convention of Belém do Pará”). Accessed June 27, 2023. https://www.oas.org/en/mesecvi/docs/BelemDoPara-ENGLISH.pdfOxfam en Honduras. 2019. “En búsqueda de la justicia: Violencia doméstica, Desplazamiento forzado de mujeres y Trata de personas para la explotación sexual.” Oxfam, January 3, 2019. https://centroamerica.oxfam.org/lo-%C3%BAltimo/publicaciones/en-busqueda-de-la-justiciaPutt, Judy, and Sinclair Dinnen. 2020. Reporting, Investigating and Prosecuting Family and Sexual Violence Offences in Papua New Guinea. Department of Pacific Affairs, Australian National University.Putt, Judy, Theresa Phillips, Davida Thomas, and Lindy Kanan. 2019. Family Protection Orders: A Key Response to Domestic and Family Violence. A Pilot Study in Lae, Papua New Guinea. Canberra: Australian National University.UN Women (United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women). 2011. Progress of the World’s Women 2011-2012: In Pursuit of Justice. New York: United Nations.UN Women (United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women), UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime), and OHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights). 2018. A Practitioner’s Toolkit on Women’s Access to Justice Programming. Accessed June 25, 2023. https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2018/5/apractitioners- toolkit-on-womens-access-to-justice-programmingUNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2004. Access to Justice: Practice Note. Accessed June 25, 2023. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/ zskgke326/files/publications/Justice_PN_En.pdfUNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 2006. Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, A/RES/60/147.UNSC (United Nations Security Council). 2020. Situation in South Sudan: Report of the Secretary-General. S/2020/536, June 15, 2020. Accessed June 25, 2023. https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B- 6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2020_536.pdfWOLA (Washington Office on Latin America). 2020. Criminalidad e inseguridad en Honduras: evaluando la capacidad estatal de reducir la violencia y combatir la criminalidad organizada. Accessed June 25, 2023. https://www.wola. org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Crimen-y-Violencia-HN-ESP-8.9.pdfWomen’s Legal and Human Rights Bureau. 2017. Upholding Women’s Strengths and Access to Justice in Disaster: Narratives of Women Survivors of Typhoon Yolanda in Samar and Leyte. Quezon City, Philippines: WLB.instname:Universidad del Rosarioreponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocURDerechoDerechos LGBTIQ+GéneroSexualidadIgualdad de géneroEstudios de géneroDerecho internacionalPerspectivas contemporáneasJusticia socialLawLGBTIQ+ RightsGenderSexualityGender EqualityGender StudiesInternational LawContemporary PerspectivesSocial JusticeBuilding Bridges: Contemporary Perspectives on Gender, Sexuality and International Human Rights LawConstruyendo puentes: perspectivas contemporáneas sobre género, sexualidad y derecho internacional de los derechos humanosbookLibrohttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2f33ORIGINALBuilding_bridges_web.pdfBuilding_bridges_web.pdfapplication/pdf3121215https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/c6a53dfa-2d19-4b47-8cc4-28d375cc5977/downloadad8c90f3e20b17dd366bacc3a48b6bb7MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain1483https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/38dc2ff6-52bd-45ad-81bf-4654d7a80723/downloadb2825df9f458e9d5d96ee8b7cd74fde6MD52CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8899https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/6e61f9ee-72bc-43a2-ab9f-2194b304b376/download3b6ce8e9e36c89875e8cf39962fe8920MD53TEXTBuilding_bridges_web.pdf.txtBuilding_bridges_web.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain100838https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/73f743c8-e8e4-4582-af64-4fd023be2f4f/downloaddd4c1927167901b4d811a841674a98c0MD54THUMBNAILBuilding_bridges_web.pdf.jpgBuilding_bridges_web.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg1937https://repository.urosario.edu.co/bitstreams/281d8501-1f89-4a7b-b203-2d1dbcbc1c49/download3672500544e6be48e4cb91d272a503d5MD5510336/44137oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/441372024-11-20 03:02:25.522http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttps://repository.urosario.edu.coRepositorio institucional EdocURedocur@urosario.edu.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 |