Autoimmune disease and gender: Plausible mechanisms for the female predominance of autoimmunity

A large number of autoimmune diseases (ADs) are more prevalent in women. The more frequent the AD and the later it appears, the more women are affected. Many ideas mainly based on hormonal and genetic factors that influence the autoimmune systems of females and males differently, have been proposed to explain this predominance. These hypotheses have gained credence mostly because many of these diseases appear or fluctuate when there are hormonal changes such as in late adolescence and pregnancy. Differences in X chromosome characteristics between men and women with an AD have led researchers to think that the genetic background of this group of diseases also relates to the genetic determinants of gender. These hormonal changes as well as the genetic factors that could explain why women are more prone to develop ADs are herein reviewed. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

• Fecha de publicación: 2012
• Institución: Universidad del Rosario
• Repositorio: Repositorio EdocUR - U. Rosario
• Idioma: eng
• OAI Identifier: oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/22252
• Acceso en línea: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2011.10.003; https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/22252
• Palabra clave: Androgen; Bromocriptine; Estrogen; Estrogen receptor; Prolactin; Antibody production; Article; Autoimmune disease; Autoimmunity; B lymphocyte activation; Cd4 lymphocyte count; Cd8+ t lymphocyte; Cellular immunity; Disease association; Disease predisposition; Genetic risk; Hormonal regulation; Human; Humoral immunity; Klinefelter syndrome; Lymphoma; Microchimerism; Monocyte; Monosomy x; Multiple sclerosis; Natural killer cell; Neutrophil; Onset age; Pregnancy; Pregnancy outcome; Prevalence; Priority journal; Raynaud phenomenon; Receptor binding; Rheumatoid arthritis; Sex difference; Sjoegren syndrome; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Systemic sclerosis; T lymphocyte activation; Th1 cell; Th2 cell; X chromosome; X chromosome inactivation; Y chromosome; Autoimmune diseases; Autoimmunity; Chimerism; Female; Hormones; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Sex factors; Autoimmune diseases; Gender differences; Sex hormones; X chromosome; human; x; Chromosomes
• License: Abierto (Texto Completo)