Obtención de poli anilina a través de síntesis química y electroquímica en el laboratorio de química de la universidad Ecci
El objeto de este trabajo fue el de realizar la polimerización de la anilina en el laboratorio de la Universidad ECCI, utilizando la síntesis química y electroquímica. La polimerización química es una polimerización oxidativa en la que se utilizó como agente oxidante el persulfato de amonio, se trab...
- Autores:
-
Plata Enrrique, Jorge Luis
- Tipo de recurso:
- Tesis
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2015
- Institución:
- Universidad ECCI
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional ECCI
- Idioma:
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ecci.edu.co:001/2737
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.ecci.edu.co/handle/001/2737
- Palabra clave:
- Polimerización Química
Poli Anilina
Polímero Conductor
Chemical Polymerization
Poly Aniline
ConductivePolymer
- Rights
- closedAccess
- License
- Derechos Reservados - Universidad ECCI, 2015
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Obtención de poli anilina a través de síntesis química y electroquímica en el laboratorio de química de la universidad Ecci |
title |
Obtención de poli anilina a través de síntesis química y electroquímica en el laboratorio de química de la universidad Ecci |
spellingShingle |
Obtención de poli anilina a través de síntesis química y electroquímica en el laboratorio de química de la universidad Ecci Polimerización Química Poli Anilina Polímero Conductor Chemical Polymerization Poly Aniline ConductivePolymer |
title_short |
Obtención de poli anilina a través de síntesis química y electroquímica en el laboratorio de química de la universidad Ecci |
title_full |
Obtención de poli anilina a través de síntesis química y electroquímica en el laboratorio de química de la universidad Ecci |
title_fullStr |
Obtención de poli anilina a través de síntesis química y electroquímica en el laboratorio de química de la universidad Ecci |
title_full_unstemmed |
Obtención de poli anilina a través de síntesis química y electroquímica en el laboratorio de química de la universidad Ecci |
title_sort |
Obtención de poli anilina a través de síntesis química y electroquímica en el laboratorio de química de la universidad Ecci |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Plata Enrrique, Jorge Luis |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Martinez Mora, Ivan |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Plata Enrrique, Jorge Luis |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Polimerización Química Poli Anilina Polímero Conductor |
topic |
Polimerización Química Poli Anilina Polímero Conductor Chemical Polymerization Poly Aniline ConductivePolymer |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Chemical Polymerization Poly Aniline ConductivePolymer |
description |
El objeto de este trabajo fue el de realizar la polimerización de la anilina en el laboratorio de la Universidad ECCI, utilizando la síntesis química y electroquímica. La polimerización química es una polimerización oxidativa en la que se utilizó como agente oxidante el persulfato de amonio, se trabajó en medio ácido. La reacción tuvo lugar durante unas tres horas, tras las cuales el precipitado fue filtrado y lavado, con el mismo ácido utilizado como medio y finalmente con agua. La polimerización electroquímica consiste en la oxidación anódica de la anilina sobre un electrodo para formar películas de PANI, el polímero sintetizado utilizando esta técnica mostró buenas características conductivas, fue sintetizado en medio acido en disolución con ácido clorhídrico y dos electrodos de cobre, durante alrededor de 10 minutos. El resultado fue un cambio de color por efecto del paso de corriente, aplicando un potencial alrededor de 1,50 V y un agente dopante (ácido clorhídrico y cloruro de potasio), luego al ser retirado el paso de corriente, apagando la fuente de voltaje, el polímero volvió por si solo a un estado transparente. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2015 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-05-11T23:00:31Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-05-11T23:00:31Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Especialización |
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_dc82b40f9837b551 |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ec |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/other |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/WP |
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ec |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ecci.edu.co/handle/001/2737 |
url |
https://repositorio.ecci.edu.co/handle/001/2737 |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
1. Macdiarmid, A.G.; Chiang, J.C.; Richter, A.F.; Epstein, A.J. Polyaniline: A new concept in conducting polymers. Synth. Met. 1987, 18, 285–290. 2. Sanchis Bermúdez, Carlos. Síntesis y Caracterización de Polianilinas Auto-Dopadas por Copolimerizacion de Anilina y Acido 2- Aminobencenosulfonico, Aplicaciones como Biosensores y Electrocatalizadores. 2012, 13-28. 3. Real Academia de la Lengua Española. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 4260– 4269 4. Zhang, D.; Wang, Y. Synthesis and applications of one-dimensional nano-structured polyaniline: An overview. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2006, 134, 9– 19 5. Mulchandani, A.; Myung, N.V. Conducting polymer nanowires-based label-free biosensors. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2011, 22, 502–508. Nanomaterials 2013, 3- 514 6. Ramgir, N.S.; Yang, Y.; Zacharias, M. Nanowire-based sensors. Small 2010, 6, 1705–1722. 7. Matlock-Colangelo, L.; Baeumner, A.J. Recent progress in the design of nanofiber-based biosensing devices. Lab. Chip 2012, 12, 2612–2620 8. Iijima, S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 1991, 354, 56– 58. 9. Wang, J. Carbon-nanotube based electrochemical biosensors: A review. Electroanalysis 2005, 17, 7–14. 10. Jacobs, C.B.; Peairs, M.J.; Venton, B.J. Review: Carbon nanotube based electrochemical sensors for biomolecules. Anal. Chim. Acta 2010, 662, 105–127 11. Cui, Y.; Wei, Q.; Park, H.; Lieber, C.M. Nanowire nanosensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of biological and chemical species. Science 2001, 293, 1289–1292 12. Patolsky, F.; Lieber, C.M. Nanowire nanosensors. Mater. Today 2005, 8, 20–28. 13. Yogeswaran, U.; Chen, S.-M. A review on the electrochemical sensors and biosensors composed of nanowires as sensing material. Sensors 2008, 8, 290–313 14. Sunkara, M.K.; Sharma, S.; Miranda, R.; Lian, G.; Dickey, E.C. Bulk synthesis of silicon nanowires using a low-temperature vapor–liquid–solid method. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 1546–1548 15. J. Vivekanandan, V. Ponnusamy, A. Mahudeswaran and P.S. Vijayanand. Synthesis, characterization and conductivity study of polyaniline prepared by chemical oxidative and electrochemical methods. Archives of Applied Science Research, 2011, 3 (6):147-153 16. Wang, J.; Bunimovich, Y.L.; Sui, G.; Savvas, S.; Wang, J.; Guo, Y.; Heath, J.R.; Tseng, H.-R. Electrochemical fabrication of conducting polymer nanowires in an integrated microfluidic system. Chem. Commun. 2006, 29, 3075–3077 17. Wang, J.; Chan, S.; Carlson, R.R.; Luo, Y.; Ge, G.; Ries, R.S.; Heath, J.R.; Tseng, H.-R. Electrochemically fabricated polyaniline nanoframework electrode junctions that function as resistive sensors. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 1693–1697 18. Kuhn, P.; Puigmartí-Luis, J.; Imaz, I.; Maspoch, D.; Dittrich, P.S. Controlling the length and location of in situ formed nanowires by means of microfluidic tools. Lab Chip 2011, 11, 753–757. 19. Hou, S.; Wang, S.; Yu, Z.T.F.; Zhu, N.Q.M.; Liu, K.; Sun, J.; Lin, W.-Y.; Shen, C.K.-F.; Fang, X.; Tseng, H.-R. A hydrodynamically focused stream as a dynamic template for site-specific electrochemical micropatterning of conducting polymers. Angew. Chem. 2008, 120, 1088–1091 conducting polymers. Angew. Chem. 2008, 120, 1088–1091. 20. Puigmartí-Luis, J.; Schaffhauser, D.; Burg, B.R.; Dittrich, P.S. A microfluidic approach for the formation of conductive nanowires and hollow hybrid structures. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 2255–2259. 21. Shirakawa, H.; Louis, E.J.; MacDiarmid, A.G.; Chiang, C.K.; Heeger, A.J. Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: Halogen derivatives of polyacetylene, (CH)x. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1977, 1977, 578–580. 22. Macdiarmid, A.G.; Chiang, J.C.; Richter, A.F.; Epstein, A.J. Polyaniline: A new concept in conducting polymers. Synth. Met. 1987, 18, 285–290 23. Sergeyeva, T.A.; Lavrik, N.V.; Piletsky, S.A.; Rachkov, A.E.; El’skaya, A.V. Polyaniline label-based conductometric sensor for IgG detection. Sens. Actuators B 1996, 34, 283–288. 24. Gerard, M.; Chaubey, A.; Malhotra, B.D. Application of conducting polymers to biosensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2002, 17, 345–359. 25. Dhand, C.; Das, M.; Datta, M.; Malhotra, B.D. Recent advances in polyaniline based biosensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2011, 26, 2811–2821. 26. Lange, U.; Roznyatovskaya, N.V.; Mirsky, V.M. Conducting polymers in chemical sensors and arrays. Anal. Chim. Acta 2008, 614, 1–26. 27. Reddinger, J.; Reynolds, J. Molecular Engineering of π-Conjugated Polymers. In Advances in Polymer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 1999; Volume 145, pp. 57–122 28. MacDiarmid, A.G.; Epstein, A.J. Polyanilines: A novel class of conducting polymers. Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 1989, 88, 317–332 29. MacDiarmid, A.G.; Syed, A.A.; Dinesan, M.K. Review: Polyaniline—A novel polymeric material. Talanta 1991, 38, 815–837. 30. Geniès, E.M.; Boyle, A.; Lapkowski, M.; Tsintavis, C. Polyaniline: A historical survey. Synth. Met. 1990, 36, 139–182 31. Huang, W.-S.; Humphrey, B.D.; MacDiarmid, A.G. Polyaniline, a novel conducting polymer. Morphology and chemistry of its oxidation and reduction in aqueous electrolytes. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 1986, 82, 2385–2400. 32. Bhadra, S.; Khastgir, D.; Singha, N.K.; Lee, J.H. Progress in preparation, processing and applications of polyaniline. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2009, 34, 783–810. 33. Stejskal, J.; Sapurina, I.; Trchová, M. Polyaniline nanostructures and the role of aniline oligomers in their formation. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2010, 35, 1420–1481 34. Tran, H.D.; Wang, Y.; D’Arcy, J.M.; Kaner, R.B. Toward an understanding of the formation of conducting polymer nanofibers. ACS Nano 2008, 2, 1841–1848. 35. Gupta, V.; Miura, N. Large-area network of polyaniline nanowires prepared by potentiostatic deposition process. Electrochem. Commun. 2005, 7, 995–999 36. Macdiarmid, A.G.; Mu, S.-L.; Somasiri, N.L.D.; Wu, W. Electrochemical characteristics of “polyaniline” cathodes and anodes in aqueous electrolytes. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1985, 121, 187–190. 37. Gupta, V.; Miura, N. High performance electrochemical supercapacitor from electrochemically synthesized nanostructured polyaniline. Mater. Lett. 2006, 60, 1466–1469 38. Zhiani, M.; Gharibi, H.; Kakaei, K. Performing of novel nanostructure MEA based on polyaniline modified anode in direct methanol fuel cell. J. Power Sources 2012, 210, 42–46. 39. Kelly, F.M.; Meunier, L.; Cochrane, C.; Koncar, V. Polyaniline: Application as solid state electrochromic in a flexible textile display. Displays 2013, 34, 1–7. 40. Anderson, M.R.; Mattes, B.R.; Reiss, H.; Kaner, R.B. Conjugated polymer films for gas separations. Science 1991, 252, 1412–1415. 41. Chang, C.-H.; Huang, T.-C.; Peng, C.-W.; Yeh, T.-C.; Lu, H.-I.; Hung, W.-I.; Weng, C.-J.; Yang, T.-I.; Yeh, J.-M. Novel anticorrosion coatings prepared from polyaniline/graphene composites. Carbon 2012, 50, 5044– 5051. 42. Focke, W.W.; Wnek, G.E.; Wei, Y. Influence of oxidation state, pH, and counterion on the conductivity of polyaniline. J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 5813–5818 43. Zhang, X.; Goux, W.J.; Manohar, S.K. Synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers by “nanofiber seeding”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 4502– 4503 44. Stafström, S.; Brédas, J.L.; Epstein, A.J.; Woo, H.S.; Tanner, D.B.; Huang, W.S.; MacDiarmid, A.G. Polaron lattice in highly conducting polyaniline: Theoretical and optical studies. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1987, 59, 1464–1467. 45. Heeger, A.J. Semiconducting and metallic polymers: The fourth generation of polymeric materials. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 8475–8491 46. Ray, A.; Richter, A.F.; MacDiarmid, A.G.; Epstein, A.J. Polyaniline: Protonation/deprotonation of amine and imine sites. Synth. Met. 1989, 29, 151–156. 47. Nechtschein, M.; Genoud, F.; Menardo, C.; Mizoguchi, K.; Travers, J.P.; Villeret, B. On the nature of the conducting state of polyaniline. Synth. Met. 1989, 29, 211–218 48. McManus, P.M.; Cushman, R.J.; Yang, S.C. Influence of oxidation and protonation on the electrical conductivity of polyaniline. J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 744–747. 49. Genies, E.M.; Tsintavis, C. Redox mechanism and electrochemical behaviour or polyaniline deposits. J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. 1985, 195, 109–128. 50. Geniès, E.M.; Lapkowski, M.; Penneau, J.F. Cyclic voltammetry of polyaniline: Interpretation of the middle peak. J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. 1988, 249, 97–107 51. Nunziante, P.; Pistoia, G. Factors affecting the growth of thick polyaniline films by the cyclic voltammetry technique. Electrochim. Acta 1989, 34, 223–228. 52. MacDiarmid, A.G. “Synthetic metals”: A novel role for organic polymers (Nobel lecture). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2581–2590. 53. Focke, W.W.; Wnek, G.E. Conduction mechanisms in polyaniline (emeraldine salt). J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. 1988, 256, 343–352. 54. 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Crossover from Mott to Efros-Shklovskii variable-range-hopping conductivity in conducting polyaniline. Synth. Met. 1998, 97, 23–29. 61. Sheng, P.; Abeles, B.; Arie, Y. Hopping conductivity in granular metals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1973, 31, 44–47. 62. Lin, Y.-F.; Chen, C.-H.; Xie, W.-J.; Yang, S.-H.; Hsu, C.-S.; Lin, M.-T.; Jian, W.-B. Nano approach investigation of the conduction mechanism in polyaniline nanofibers. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 1541–1548 63. Zhou, Y.; Freitag, M.; Hone, J.; Staii, C.; Johnson, A.T.; Pinto, N.J.; MacDiarmid, A.G. Fabrication and electrical characterization of polyaniline based nanofibers with diameter below 30 nm. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 3800–3802. 64. Liu, W.; Kumar, J.; Tripathy, S.; Senecal, K.J.; Samuelson, L. Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of chloride doped polyaniline. Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 3, April 2003, pp. 329–334. 65. Ma, Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, G.; He, H. Polyaniline nanowires on Si surfaces fabricated with DNA templates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 7097–7101 66. Trchová, M.; Šeděnková, I.; Konyushenko, E.N.; Stejskal, J.; Holler, P.; Ćirić-Marjanović, G. Evolution of polyaniline nanotubes: The oxidation of aniline in water. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 9461–9468. 67. Zhang, L.; Zujovic, Z.D.; Peng, H.; Bowmaker, G.A.; Kilmartin, P.A.; Travas-Sejdic, J. Structural characteristics of polyaniline nanotubes synthesized from different buffer solutions. Macromolecules 2008, 41, 8877–8884 68. Chiou, N.-R.; Epstein, A.J. Polyaniline nanofibers prepared by dilute polymerization. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 1679–1683 69. Wei, Y.; Tang, X.; Sun, Y.; Focke, W.W. A study of the mechanism of aniline polymerization. J. Polym. Sci. Part Polym. Chem. 1989, 27, 2385– 2396 70. Yang, H.; Bard, A.J. The application of fast scan cyclic voltammetry. Mechanistic study of the initial stage of electropolymerization of aniline in aqueous solutions. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1992, 339, 423–449. 71. Li, D.; Huang, J.; Kaner, R.B. Polyaniline nanofibers: A unique polymer nanostructure for versatile applications. Acc. Chem. Res. 2009, 42, 135– 145. 72. Huang, J.; Kaner, R.B. Nanofiber formation in the chemical polymerization of aniline: A mechanistic study. Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 5941–5945 73. Dias, H.V.R.; Wang, X.; Rajapakse, R.M.G.; Elsenbaumer, R.L. A mild, copper catalyzed route to conducting polyaniline. Chem. Commun. 2006, 976–978. 74. Huang, J.; Kaner, R.B. A general chemical route to polyaniline nanofibers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 851–855 75. Huang, J.; Virji, S.; Weiller, B.H.; Kaner, R.B. Polyaniline nanofibers: Facile synthesis and chemical sensors. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 314– 315. 76. Qiang, J.; Yu, Z.; Wu, H.; Yun, D. Polyaniline nanofibers synthesized by rapid mixing polymerization. Synth. Met. 2008, 158, 544–547. 77. Martin, C.R. Template synthesis of electronically conductive polymer nanostructures. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 61–68. 78. Martin, C.R. Nanomaterials: A membrane-based synthetic approach. Science 1994, 266, 1961–1966 79. Li, G.; Zhang, C.; Li, Y.; Peng, H.; Chen, K. Rapid polymerization initiated by redox initiator for the synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers. Polymer 2010, 51, 1934–1939. 80. J. Stejskal. Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer (IUPAC technical report). Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 74, No. 5, pp. 857–867 |
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Martinez Mora, Ivana569e443048b7767e0650e1510c813a6Plata Enrrique, Jorge Luis2e00440644cfae05d0bc5e62b00397e62022-05-11T23:00:31Z2022-05-11T23:00:31Z2015https://repositorio.ecci.edu.co/handle/001/2737El objeto de este trabajo fue el de realizar la polimerización de la anilina en el laboratorio de la Universidad ECCI, utilizando la síntesis química y electroquímica. La polimerización química es una polimerización oxidativa en la que se utilizó como agente oxidante el persulfato de amonio, se trabajó en medio ácido. La reacción tuvo lugar durante unas tres horas, tras las cuales el precipitado fue filtrado y lavado, con el mismo ácido utilizado como medio y finalmente con agua. La polimerización electroquímica consiste en la oxidación anódica de la anilina sobre un electrodo para formar películas de PANI, el polímero sintetizado utilizando esta técnica mostró buenas características conductivas, fue sintetizado en medio acido en disolución con ácido clorhídrico y dos electrodos de cobre, durante alrededor de 10 minutos. El resultado fue un cambio de color por efecto del paso de corriente, aplicando un potencial alrededor de 1,50 V y un agente dopante (ácido clorhídrico y cloruro de potasio), luego al ser retirado el paso de corriente, apagando la fuente de voltaje, el polímero volvió por si solo a un estado transparente.The purpose of this study was to carry out the polymerization of aniline in the laboratory of the ECCI University, using chemical and electrochemical synthesis. The polymerization is a chemical oxidative polymerization in which is used as oxidizing agent ammonium persulfate, we worked in acid medium in acid solution. The reaction proceeded for three hours, after which the precipitate was filtered and washed with the same acid used as medium and finally with water. The electrochemical polymerization is anodic oxidation of aniline to an electrode to form films of PANI, the polymer synthesized using this technique showed good conductive characteristics, was synthesized in acidic solution with hydrochloric acid and two copper electrodes, for about 10 minutes. The result was a color change by effect of the passage of current, applying a potential of about 1.50 V and a dopant agent xiii (hydrochloric acid and potassium chloride), then upon removal of the passage of current, turning off the voltage source the polymer returned by itself to a transparent state. Keywords: polyaniline, Chemical Synthesis, Electrochemical synthesis; conducting polymerINDICE DE TABLAS INDICE DE FIGURAS GLOSARIO RESUMEN ABSTRACT 1 TITULO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 2 INTRODUCCIÓN 3 PROBLEMA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 31 DESCRIPCIÓN PROBLEMA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 32 PREGUNTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 4 OBJETIVOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 41 OBJETIVO GENERAL 42 OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS 5 JUSTIFICACIÓN Y DELIMITACION DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 51 JUSTIFICACIÓN 52 DELIMITACIÓN 6 ALCANCES DEL PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN 7 MARCO TEORICO 71 POLIMERO 72 CLASIFICACIÓN GENERAL DE LOS POLÍMEROS 73 POLÍMEROS CONDUCTORES 74 HISTORIA DE LOS POLÍMEROS CONDUCTORES 75 CONDUCTIVIDAD EN POLÍMEROS 77 POLIANILINA (PANI) 78 POLIANILINAS MODIFICADAS 8 RESULTADOS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS 81 SINTESIS QUIMICA DE LA POLIANILINA 811 MATERIALES Y REACTIVOS 812 PROCEDIMIENTO 813 RESULTADOS 82 SINTESIS ELECTROQUIMICA DE LA POLIANILINA 821 MATERIALES Y REACTIVOS 822 PROCEDIMIENTO 823 RESULTADOS 83 RESUMEN DE RESULTADOS 9 CONCLUSIONES 10 RECOMENDACIONES 11 BIBLIOGRAFIAEspecializaciónIngeniero en PlásticosIngeniería de Plásticos67 p.application/pdfUniversidad ECCIColombiaPosgradosDerechos Reservados - Universidad ECCI, 2015info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbObtención de poli anilina a través de síntesis química y electroquímica en el laboratorio de química de la universidad EcciTrabajo de grado - Especializaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ecTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/otherhttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/WPhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/version/c_dc82b40f9837b5511. 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Chem., Vol. 74, No. 5, pp. 857–867Polimerización QuímicaPoli AnilinaPolímero ConductorChemical PolymerizationPoly AnilineConductivePolymerORIGINALTRABAJO DE GRADO.pdfTRABAJO DE GRADO.pdfapplication/pdf1040174https://repositorio.ecci.edu.co/bitstream/001/2737/1/TRABAJO%20DE%20GRADO.pdfa716613009d0936d5e66256a1d3905eaMD51ACTA Y CESION DE DERECHOS.pdfACTA Y CESION DE DERECHOS.pdfapplication/pdf1480620https://repositorio.ecci.edu.co/bitstream/001/2737/2/ACTA%20Y%20CESION%20DE%20DERECHOS.pdfb50950607a1554cad83bd1abf9c9657eMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814798https://repositorio.ecci.edu.co/bitstream/001/2737/3/license.txt88794144ff048353b359a3174871b0d5MD53TEXTTRABAJO DE GRADO.pdf.txtTRABAJO DE GRADO.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain102168https://repositorio.ecci.edu.co/bitstream/001/2737/4/TRABAJO%20DE%20GRADO.pdf.txtd24add9c66a24698867c158d9456326eMD54ACTA Y CESION DE DERECHOS.pdf.txtACTA Y CESION DE DERECHOS.pdf.txtExtracted 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ECCIrepositorio.institucional@ecci.edu.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