Temperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile+ water mixtures
La solubilidad del metilparabeno se determinó en acetonitrilo + mezclas de agua a varias temperaturas (278,15 K a 318,15 K). Las curvas de solubilidad en función de la relación de acetonitrilo mostraron un máximo a una fracción másica de acetonitrilo 0,85 a todas las temperaturas. En todos los casos...
- Autores:
-
Romero Nieto, Alba Miledy
Caviedes Rubio, Diego Iván
Polania Orozco, Jesús
Delgado, Daniel Ricardo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UCC
- Idioma:
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/15548
- Acceso en línea:
- https://doi.org/10.1080/00319104.2019.1636379
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15548
- Palabra clave:
- Methylparaben
{acetonitrile (1) + water (2)} mixtures
solubility
van´t Hoff
enthalpy/entropy compensation
Methylparaben
{acetonitrile (1) + water (2)} mixtures
solubility
van´t Hoff
enthalpy/entropy compensation
- Rights
- closedAccess
- License
- Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
id |
COOPER2_fc59b575da3499c652a4360dc0336ee8 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/15548 |
network_acronym_str |
COOPER2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio UCC |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Temperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile+ water mixtures |
title |
Temperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile+ water mixtures |
spellingShingle |
Temperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile+ water mixtures Methylparaben {acetonitrile (1) + water (2)} mixtures solubility van´t Hoff enthalpy/entropy compensation Methylparaben {acetonitrile (1) + water (2)} mixtures solubility van´t Hoff enthalpy/entropy compensation |
title_short |
Temperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile+ water mixtures |
title_full |
Temperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile+ water mixtures |
title_fullStr |
Temperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile+ water mixtures |
title_full_unstemmed |
Temperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile+ water mixtures |
title_sort |
Temperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile+ water mixtures |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Romero Nieto, Alba Miledy Caviedes Rubio, Diego Iván Polania Orozco, Jesús Delgado, Daniel Ricardo |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Romero Nieto, Alba Miledy Caviedes Rubio, Diego Iván Polania Orozco, Jesús Delgado, Daniel Ricardo |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Methylparaben {acetonitrile (1) + water (2)} mixtures solubility van´t Hoff enthalpy/entropy compensation |
topic |
Methylparaben {acetonitrile (1) + water (2)} mixtures solubility van´t Hoff enthalpy/entropy compensation Methylparaben {acetonitrile (1) + water (2)} mixtures solubility van´t Hoff enthalpy/entropy compensation |
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv |
Methylparaben {acetonitrile (1) + water (2)} mixtures solubility van´t Hoff enthalpy/entropy compensation |
description |
La solubilidad del metilparabeno se determinó en acetonitrilo + mezclas de agua a varias temperaturas (278,15 K a 318,15 K). Las curvas de solubilidad en función de la relación de acetonitrilo mostraron un máximo a una fracción másica de acetonitrilo 0,85 a todas las temperaturas. En todos los casos, la mezcla homogénea se divide en dos fases líquidas inmiscibles. El rango de concentración en el que tiene lugar la separación de fases es de 0,35 a 0,70 en una fracción de masa de acetonitrilo, lo que muestra una separación más clara a temperaturas de estudio más altas. Según los resultados de DSC, esta separación de fases no estaba relacionada con cambios de fase sólida (polimorfismo). La aparente entalpía del proceso de solución fue una función no lineal de la relación de acetonitrilo, y el proceso de solución del fármaco es endotérmico y se determina la entalpía. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-12-11T15:48:06Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-12-11T15:48:06Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-06-28 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Artículo |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
10290451 |
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1080/00319104.2019.1636379 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15548 |
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Alba Miledy Romero-Nieto, Diego Iván Caviedes-Rubio, Jesús Polania-Orozco, Néstor Enrique Cerquera & Daniel Ricardo Delgado (2019) Temperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile + water mixtures, Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, DOI: 10.1080/00319104.2019.1636379 |
identifier_str_mv |
10290451 Alba Miledy Romero-Nieto, Diego Iván Caviedes-Rubio, Jesús Polania-Orozco, Néstor Enrique Cerquera & Daniel Ricardo Delgado (2019) Temperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile + water mixtures, Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, DOI: 10.1080/00319104.2019.1636379 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1080/00319104.2019.1636379 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15548 |
dc.relation.isversionof.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/ref/10.1080/00319104.2019.1636379?scroll=top |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Physics and Chemistry of Liquids |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Liebert ND. Final report on the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben. J Am Coll Toxicol. 1984;3:147–209. Pastor-Nieto MA, Alcántara-Nicolás F, Melgar-Molero V, et al. Conservantes en productos de higiene y cosméticos, medicamentos tópicos y productos de limpieza doméstica en España. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2017;108:758–770. Budavari S, O’Neil MJ, Smith A, et al. The Merck index, an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals. 13th ed. Whitehouse Station (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc.; 2001. Haman C, Dauchy X, Rosin C, et al. Occurrence, fate and behavior of parabens in aquatic environments: A review. Water Res. 2015;68:1–11. Soni MG, Carabin IG, Burdock GA. Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). Food Chem Toxicol. 2005;43:985–1015. Błędzka D, Gromadzińska J, Wąsowicz W. Parabens. From environmental studies to human health. Environ Int. 2014;67:27–42. Routledge EJ, Parker J, Odum J, et al. Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are Estrogenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1998;153:12–19. Oishi S. Effects of butylparaben on the male reproductive system in rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2001;17:31–39. Darbre PD, Aljarrah A, Miller WR, et al. Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours. J Appl Toxicol. 2004;24:5–13. Bratkowska D, Marcé R, Cormack P, et al. Development and application of a polar coating for stir bar sorptive extraction of emerging pollutants from environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta. 2011;706:135–142. Cárdenas ZJ, Jiménez DM, Delgado DR, et al. Solubility and preferential solvation of some n-alkylparabens in methanol+water mixtures at 298.15K. J Chem Thermodyn. 2017;108:26–37. Cárdenas ZJ, Jiménez DM, Martínez F. Thermodynamic study of the partitioning of methyl and propyl parabens in some organic solvent/buffer systems. J Chem Thermodyn. 2015;86:180–187 Sun Q, Li Y, Li M, et al. PPCPs in Jiulong River estuary (China): spatiotemporal distributions, fate, and their use as chemical markers of wastewater. Chemosphere. 2016;150:596–604. Sun Q, Lv M, Hu A, et al. Seasonal variation in the occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a wastewater treatment plant in Xiamen, China. J Hazard Mater. 2014;277:69–75. Caviedes DI, Delgado DR, Olaya A. Normatividad ambiental dirigida a regular la presencia de los productos farmacéuticos residuales en ambientes acuáticos. Rev Jurídica Piélagus. 2017;16:121–130. Caviedes DI, Camacho DM, Delgado D. Tratamientos para la remoción de antibacteriales y agentes antimicrobiales presentes en aguas residuales. Rev Logos Cienc Tecnol. 2017;9:43–62. González-Mariño I, Quintana JB, Rodríguez I, et al. Evaluation of the occurrence and biodegradation of parabens and halogenated by-products in wastewater by accurate-mass liquid chromatography-quadrupoletime- of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Water Res. 2011;45:6770–6780. Terasaki M, Abe R, Makino M, et al. Chronic toxicity of parabens and their chlorinated by-products in Ceriodaphnia dubia. Environ Toxicol. 2015;30:664–673. Peña MA, Bustamante P, Escalera B, et al. Solubility and phase separation of benzocaine and salicylic acid in 1,4-dioxane–water mixtures at several temperatures. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2004;36:571–578. Paruta A, Sciarrone B, Lori N. Solubility of salicylic acid as a function of dielectric constant. J Pharm Sci. 1964;53:1349–1353. Paruta A, Sciarrone B, Lordi N. Solubility profiles for the Xanthines in Dioxane — water mixtures. J Pharm Sci. 1965;54:838–841. Paruta AN. Solubility of the Parabens in Dioxane—water mixtures. J Pharm Sci. 1969;58:204–206. Yang H, Rasmuson AC. Ternary phase diagrams of ethyl paraben and propyl paraben in ethanol aqueous solvents. Fluid Ph Equilibria. 2014;376:69–75. Paruta AN. Solubility of the parabens in ethanol-water mixtures. J Pharm Sci. 1969;58:364–366. Sotomayor RG, Holguín AR, Cristancho DM, et al. Extended hildebrand solubility approach applied to piroxicam in ethanol+water mixtures. J Mol Liq. 2013;180:34–38. Jiménez DM, Cárdenas ZJ, Delgado DR, et al. Solubility temperature dependence and preferential solvation of sulfadiazine in 1,4-dioxane+water co-solvent mixtures. Fluid Phase Equilib. 2015;397:26–36. |
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv |
Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar |
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb |
eu_rights_str_mv |
closedAccess |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
14 |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Taylor and Francis Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenierías, Ingeniería Industrial, Neiva |
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería Industrial |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Neiva |
institution |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4c9fb075-dc8e-48a5-a02a-f879867510e2/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/7a234fcd-404e-484d-913d-cb3027a99b56/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/948e9050-219d-4544-97de-a24a4cb8f9a7/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/5814bd59-82f9-4b55-b14d-1d076f995bed/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45 5a2b7111342539bb99baf300ff569adc 4bfd33ee9208ba7eff596ecbffa1b499 a6c68288ef00ecfd2cd0b78f4f8169b1 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdigital@metabiblioteca.com |
_version_ |
1814247161139822592 |
spelling |
Romero Nieto, Alba MiledyCaviedes Rubio, Diego IvánPolania Orozco, JesúsDelgado, Daniel Ricardo2019-12-11T15:48:06Z2019-12-11T15:48:06Z2019-06-2810290451https://doi.org/10.1080/00319104.2019.1636379https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15548Alba Miledy Romero-Nieto, Diego Iván Caviedes-Rubio, Jesús Polania-Orozco, Néstor Enrique Cerquera & Daniel Ricardo Delgado (2019) Temperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile + water mixtures, Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, DOI: 10.1080/00319104.2019.1636379La solubilidad del metilparabeno se determinó en acetonitrilo + mezclas de agua a varias temperaturas (278,15 K a 318,15 K). Las curvas de solubilidad en función de la relación de acetonitrilo mostraron un máximo a una fracción másica de acetonitrilo 0,85 a todas las temperaturas. En todos los casos, la mezcla homogénea se divide en dos fases líquidas inmiscibles. El rango de concentración en el que tiene lugar la separación de fases es de 0,35 a 0,70 en una fracción de masa de acetonitrilo, lo que muestra una separación más clara a temperaturas de estudio más altas. Según los resultados de DSC, esta separación de fases no estaba relacionada con cambios de fase sólida (polimorfismo). La aparente entalpía del proceso de solución fue una función no lineal de la relación de acetonitrilo, y el proceso de solución del fármaco es endotérmico y se determina la entalpía.The solubility of methylparaben was determined in acetonitrile + water mixtures at several temperatures (278.15 K to 318.15 K). The solubility curves as a function of acetonitrile ratio showed a maximum at a mass fraction of acetonitrile 0.85 at all temperatures. In all cases, the homogeneous mixture splits into two liquid immiscible phases. The concentration range at which phase separation takes place is 0.35–0.70 in a mass fraction of acetonitrile, showing a clearer separation at higher study temperatures. According to the results of DSC, this phase separation was not related to solid phase changes (polymorphism). The apparent enthalpy of the solution process was a nonlinear function of the acetonitrile ratio, and the solution process of the drug is endothermic and enthalpy determined. Finally, the enthalpy-entropy compensation analysis shows a non-linear behaviour, possibly due to the influence of acetonitrile in the solution process of methylparaben in cosolvent acetonitrile + water mixtures.Abstract. -- Keywords. -- 1. Introduction. -- 2. Experimental. -- 2.1. Reagents. -- 2.2. Preparation of the solvent mixture. -- 2.3. Determination of solubility. -- 3. Results and discussion. -- 3.1. Solubility of methylparaben in cosolvent mixtures of acetonitrile + water. -- 3.2. Activity coefficients of methylparaben. -- 3.3. Thermodynamic functions of solution. -- 3.4. Thermodynamic functions of methylparaben transfer. -- 3.5. Thermodynamic functions of the methylparaben mixture. -- 3.6. Enthalpy–entropy compensation. -- 4. Conclusions. -- Acknowledgements. -- Declaration of competing interest. -- References.http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001402116https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-9739https://scienti.colciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000004151danielr.delgado@campusucc.edu.cohttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=OW0mejcAAAAJ&view_op=list_works14Taylor and FrancisUniversidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenierías, Ingeniería Industrial, NeivaIngeniería IndustrialNeivahttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/ref/10.1080/00319104.2019.1636379?scroll=topPhysics and Chemistry of LiquidsLiebert ND. Final report on the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben. J Am Coll Toxicol. 1984;3:147–209.Pastor-Nieto MA, Alcántara-Nicolás F, Melgar-Molero V, et al. Conservantes en productos de higiene y cosméticos, medicamentos tópicos y productos de limpieza doméstica en España. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2017;108:758–770.Budavari S, O’Neil MJ, Smith A, et al. The Merck index, an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals. 13th ed. Whitehouse Station (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc.; 2001.Haman C, Dauchy X, Rosin C, et al. Occurrence, fate and behavior of parabens in aquatic environments: A review. Water Res. 2015;68:1–11.Soni MG, Carabin IG, Burdock GA. Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). Food Chem Toxicol. 2005;43:985–1015.Błędzka D, Gromadzińska J, Wąsowicz W. Parabens. From environmental studies to human health. Environ Int. 2014;67:27–42.Routledge EJ, Parker J, Odum J, et al. Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are Estrogenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1998;153:12–19.Oishi S. Effects of butylparaben on the male reproductive system in rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2001;17:31–39.Darbre PD, Aljarrah A, Miller WR, et al. Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours. J Appl Toxicol. 2004;24:5–13.Bratkowska D, Marcé R, Cormack P, et al. Development and application of a polar coating for stir bar sorptive extraction of emerging pollutants from environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta. 2011;706:135–142.Cárdenas ZJ, Jiménez DM, Delgado DR, et al. Solubility and preferential solvation of some n-alkylparabens in methanol+water mixtures at 298.15K. J Chem Thermodyn. 2017;108:26–37.Cárdenas ZJ, Jiménez DM, Martínez F. Thermodynamic study of the partitioning of methyl and propyl parabens in some organic solvent/buffer systems. J Chem Thermodyn. 2015;86:180–187Sun Q, Li Y, Li M, et al. PPCPs in Jiulong River estuary (China): spatiotemporal distributions, fate, and their use as chemical markers of wastewater. Chemosphere. 2016;150:596–604.Sun Q, Lv M, Hu A, et al. Seasonal variation in the occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a wastewater treatment plant in Xiamen, China. J Hazard Mater. 2014;277:69–75.Caviedes DI, Delgado DR, Olaya A. Normatividad ambiental dirigida a regular la presencia de los productos farmacéuticos residuales en ambientes acuáticos. Rev Jurídica Piélagus. 2017;16:121–130.Caviedes DI, Camacho DM, Delgado D. Tratamientos para la remoción de antibacteriales y agentes antimicrobiales presentes en aguas residuales. Rev Logos Cienc Tecnol. 2017;9:43–62.González-Mariño I, Quintana JB, Rodríguez I, et al. Evaluation of the occurrence and biodegradation of parabens and halogenated by-products in wastewater by accurate-mass liquid chromatography-quadrupoletime- of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Water Res. 2011;45:6770–6780.Terasaki M, Abe R, Makino M, et al. Chronic toxicity of parabens and their chlorinated by-products in Ceriodaphnia dubia. Environ Toxicol. 2015;30:664–673.Peña MA, Bustamante P, Escalera B, et al. Solubility and phase separation of benzocaine and salicylic acid in 1,4-dioxane–water mixtures at several temperatures. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2004;36:571–578.Paruta A, Sciarrone B, Lori N. Solubility of salicylic acid as a function of dielectric constant. J Pharm Sci. 1964;53:1349–1353.Paruta A, Sciarrone B, Lordi N. Solubility profiles for the Xanthines in Dioxane — water mixtures. J Pharm Sci. 1965;54:838–841.Paruta AN. Solubility of the Parabens in Dioxane—water mixtures. J Pharm Sci. 1969;58:204–206.Yang H, Rasmuson AC. Ternary phase diagrams of ethyl paraben and propyl paraben in ethanol aqueous solvents. Fluid Ph Equilibria. 2014;376:69–75.Paruta AN. Solubility of the parabens in ethanol-water mixtures. J Pharm Sci. 1969;58:364–366.Sotomayor RG, Holguín AR, Cristancho DM, et al. Extended hildebrand solubility approach applied to piroxicam in ethanol+water mixtures. J Mol Liq. 2013;180:34–38.Jiménez DM, Cárdenas ZJ, Delgado DR, et al. Solubility temperature dependence and preferential solvation of sulfadiazine in 1,4-dioxane+water co-solvent mixtures. Fluid Phase Equilib. 2015;397:26–36.Methylparaben{acetonitrile (1) + water (2)} mixturessolubilityvan´t Hoffenthalpy/entropy compensationMethylparaben{acetonitrile (1) + water (2)} mixturessolubilityvan´t Hoffenthalpy/entropy compensationTemperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile+ water mixturesArtículohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAtribución – No comercial – Sin Derivarinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbPublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4c9fb075-dc8e-48a5-a02a-f879867510e2/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD52TEXTTemperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile + water mixtures.pdf.txtTemperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile + water mixtures.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain38991https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/7a234fcd-404e-484d-913d-cb3027a99b56/download5a2b7111342539bb99baf300ff569adcMD53ORIGINALTemperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile + water mixtures.pdfTemperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile + water mixtures.pdfArtículo Científicoapplication/pdf2042721https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/948e9050-219d-4544-97de-a24a4cb8f9a7/download4bfd33ee9208ba7eff596ecbffa1b499MD51THUMBNAILTemperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile + water mixtures.pdf.jpgTemperature and cosolvent composition effects in the solubility of methylparaben in acetonitrile + water mixtures.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4179https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/5814bd59-82f9-4b55-b14d-1d076f995bed/downloada6c68288ef00ecfd2cd0b78f4f8169b1MD5420.500.12494/15548oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/155482024-08-10 20:59:14.877restrictedhttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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 |