Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbite
Introduction: Tongue position during deglutition presents great variability and can be assessed clinically or with different techniques. Aim: This study aims to determine tongue position during deglutition in children aged 8–16 years with anterior open bite (AOB) and normal vertical overbite (NVO) u...
- Autores:
-
Gonzalez, Paula
Martínez, María Beatriz
Sierra Alzate, Valentina
Botero Mariaca, Paola María
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UCC
- Idioma:
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/15794
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15794
- Palabra clave:
- Tongue
Position
Open bite
TG 2019 EOF 15794
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
id |
COOPER2_fad43b7bd4d3062938782195455e7e12 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/15794 |
network_acronym_str |
COOPER2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio UCC |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbite |
title |
Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbite |
spellingShingle |
Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbite Tongue Position Open bite TG 2019 EOF 15794 |
title_short |
Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbite |
title_full |
Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbite |
title_fullStr |
Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbite |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbite |
title_sort |
Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbite |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Gonzalez, Paula Martínez, María Beatriz Sierra Alzate, Valentina Botero Mariaca, Paola María |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Gonzalez, Paula Martínez, María Beatriz Sierra Alzate, Valentina Botero Mariaca, Paola María |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Tongue Position Open bite |
topic |
Tongue Position Open bite TG 2019 EOF 15794 |
dc.subject.classification.spa.fl_str_mv |
TG 2019 EOF 15794 |
description |
Introduction: Tongue position during deglutition presents great variability and can be assessed clinically or with different techniques. Aim: This study aims to determine tongue position during deglutition in children aged 8–16 years with anterior open bite (AOB) and normal vertical overbite (NVO) using a fluorescein technique. Settings and Design: A cross‑sectional analytical study was conducted to assess tongue contact points during the oral phase of deglutition. Subjects and Methods: A total of 132 children with AOB and 132 children with NVO were included in this study. The difference between tongue contacts in both groups was performed, and the association between tongue position and anterior occlusion was establish. Statistical Analysis Used: Normal distribution analysis, Parson’s Chi‑square test (P < 0.05). Results: In AOB, about 28.8% showed tongue contact on the palatal surface of the incisors during the oral phase, 25.8% at the gingival margin, and 22% on the palatal rugae. Regarding NVO, 53% showed contact on the palatal rugae, 28.8% at the gingival margin, and 13.6% at the palatal surface. Conclusion: AOB group presented a higher prevalence of impaired tongue positions compared to NVO controls. The palatal surface was the most frequent contact point in the AOB, whereas tongue showed contact points at the palatal rugae in NVO. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-12-17T16:43:53Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-12-17T16:43:53Z 2024-12-17 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-06-16 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Artículo |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
0970-4388 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15794 |
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv |
-Gonzalez P., Martínez M. B., Sierra V., Rueda Z. V. y Botero-Mariaca P. (2019) Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbite. J. Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:167-71 (Trabajo de posgrado) Recuperado de: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15794 |
identifier_str_mv |
0970-4388 -Gonzalez P., Martínez M. B., Sierra V., Rueda Z. V. y Botero-Mariaca P. (2019) Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbite. J. Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:167-71 (Trabajo de posgrado) Recuperado de: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15794 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15794 |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Johnson NC, Sandy JR. Tooth position and speech – Is there a relationship? Angle Orthod 1999;69:306‑10. Rijpstra C, Lisson JA. Etiology of anterior open bite: A review. J Orofac Orthop 2016;77:281‑6. Nogueira Fialho MP, Pinzan‑Vercelino CR, Nogueira RP, Gurgel JA. Relationship between facial morphology, anterior open bite and non‑nutritive sucking habits during the primary dentition stage. Dental Press J Orthod 2014;19:108‑13. Fujiki T, Inoue M, Miyawaki S, Nagasaki T, Tanimoto K, Takano‑Yamamoto T. Relationship between maxillofacial morphology and deglutitive tongue movement in patients with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125:160‑7. Lopez‑Gavito G, Wallen TR, Little RM, Joondeph DR. Anterior open‑bite malocclusion: A longitudinal 10‑year postretention evaluation of orthodontically treated patients. Am J Orthod 1985;87:175‑86. Machado DB, Brizon VS, Ambrosano GM, Madureira DF, Gomes VE, de Oliveira AC, et al. Factors associated with the prevalence of anterior open bite among preschool children: A population‑based study in Brazil. Dental Press J Orthod 2014;19:103‑9. Ngan P, Fields HW. Open bite: A review of etiology and management. Pediatr Dent 1997;19:91‑8 Nielsen IL. Vertical malocclusions: Etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment. Angle Orthod 1991;61:247‑60 Yılmaz F, Sağdıç D, Karaçay S, Akin E, Bulakbası N. Tongue movements in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion evaluated with real‑time balanced turbo field echo cine magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:e415‑25 Akin E, Sayin MO, Karaçay S, Bulakbaşi N. Real‑time balanced turbo field echo cine‑magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of tongue movements during deglutition in subjects with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;129:24‑8 Vaiman M, Eviatar E. Surface electromyography as a screening method for evaluation of dysphagia and odynophagia. Head Face Med 2009;5:9 Rivera‑Torres P. The diagnostic importance of the payne technique. J Gen Orthod 1992;3:13‑7. Feres MF, Abreu LG, Insabralde NM, Almeida MR, Flores‑Mir C. Effectiveness of the open bite treatment in growing children and adolescents. A systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2016;38:237‑50 Beane RA, Reimann G, Phillips C, Tulloch C. A cephalometric comparison of black open‑bite subjects and black normals. Angle Orthod 2003;73:294‑300 Thilander B, Pena L, Infante C, Parada SS, de Mayorga C. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in children and adolescents in Bogota, Colombia. An epidemiological study related to different stages of dental development. Eur J Orthod 2001;23:153‑67 García G. Etiology and diagnosis of ventilator patients mouths at early ages. Rev Latinoam Ortod Odontopediatría [Online] 2011. Available from: http://www.ortodoncia.ws/ publicaciones/2011/art18.asp. [Last accessed on 2013 Jan 25]. Ocampo‑Parra A, Escobar‑Toro B, Sierra‑Alzate V, Rueda ZV, Lema MC. Prevalence of dyslalias in 8 to 16 year‑old students with anterior open bite in the municipality of Envigado, Colombia. BMC Oral Health 2015;15:77. Fujiki T, Takano‑Yamamoto T, Noguchi H, Yamashiro T, Guan G, Tanimoto K. A cineradiographic study of deglutitive tongue movement and nasopharyngeal closure in patients with anterior open bite. Angle Orthod 2000;70:284‑9. Quiroz Marchesan I. Foundations of speech therapy: Clinical aspects of oral motricity. Madrid: Médica Panamericana; 2002. p. 35‑52. Cozza P, Baccetti T, Franchi L, Mucedero M. Comparison of 2 early treatment protocols for open‑bite malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;132:743‑7 Wilks CG. Stress modified swallowing. Br Dent J 2011;210:98. Ng CS, Wong WK, Hagg U. Orthodontic treatment of anterior open bite. Int J Paediatr Dent 2008;18:78‑83. Lentini‑Oliveira DA, Carvalho FR, Rodrigues CG, Ye Q, Prado LB, Prado GF, et al. Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;9:CD005515. Bueno R, Cardoso L, Mucha J, Trindade A. Stability of open‑bite treatment in adult patients: A systematic. J World Fed Orthod 2012;1:97‑101. Giancotti A, Greco M. The use of bonded acrylic expander in patient with open‑bite and oral breathing. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2008;9:3‑8. Castells M. Myofunctional therapy and speech therapy. Logoped Rev Logoped Foniatría Audiol 1992;12:85‑92. |
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv |
Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar |
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
5 |
dc.coverage.temporal.spa.fl_str_mv |
37 |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Especialización en Ortodoncia, Medellín y Envigado |
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Especialización en Ortodoncia |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Medellín |
institution |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/9a25bb16-70f3-4a05-a443-c88fecb80a68/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/d0994045-5199-489f-a4fd-3be7ac76786c/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/f0d14f37-ee0d-4590-999b-7a4dd6fa2f88/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/07e4027f-0c1e-4f6c-bfcd-a4389cdd0fe8/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/79c4c933-9488-4d3d-927d-66c1511051d3/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/aade26ab-ad3b-468a-964a-c2e5a80e6473/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/68483671-9f5a-48f6-a97b-90d68a25ddf0/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
79955b9d53a8745ccd6f99092ffe667b e8c52703b5158be0b36b07f3fa8872d6 3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45 b219998c9cdac89dd0ccc9f326eaa744 4d44993936adbff91f9f5ddf7529761d 91426ef6418b56e9a1a51c06a39d70ea 9dcba258fc2b48656909729ffdcd8cf0 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdigital@metabiblioteca.com |
_version_ |
1814246714832322560 |
spelling |
Gonzalez, PaulaMartínez, María BeatrizSierra Alzate, ValentinaBotero Mariaca, Paola María 372019-12-17T16:43:53Z2019-12-17T16:43:53Z2024-12-172019-06-160970-4388https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15794-Gonzalez P., Martínez M. B., Sierra V., Rueda Z. V. y Botero-Mariaca P. (2019) Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbite. J. Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:167-71 (Trabajo de posgrado) Recuperado de: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15794Introduction: Tongue position during deglutition presents great variability and can be assessed clinically or with different techniques. Aim: This study aims to determine tongue position during deglutition in children aged 8–16 years with anterior open bite (AOB) and normal vertical overbite (NVO) using a fluorescein technique. Settings and Design: A cross‑sectional analytical study was conducted to assess tongue contact points during the oral phase of deglutition. Subjects and Methods: A total of 132 children with AOB and 132 children with NVO were included in this study. The difference between tongue contacts in both groups was performed, and the association between tongue position and anterior occlusion was establish. Statistical Analysis Used: Normal distribution analysis, Parson’s Chi‑square test (P < 0.05). Results: In AOB, about 28.8% showed tongue contact on the palatal surface of the incisors during the oral phase, 25.8% at the gingival margin, and 22% on the palatal rugae. Regarding NVO, 53% showed contact on the palatal rugae, 28.8% at the gingival margin, and 13.6% at the palatal surface. Conclusion: AOB group presented a higher prevalence of impaired tongue positions compared to NVO controls. The palatal surface was the most frequent contact point in the AOB, whereas tongue showed contact points at the palatal rugae in NVO.paula.gonzalezp@campusucc.edu.coMaria.Martinez@campusucc.edu.covalentina.sierra@campusucc.edu.copaola.botero@ucc.edu.co5Wolters Kluwer - MedknowUniversidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Especialización en Ortodoncia, Medellín y EnvigadoEspecialización en OrtodonciaMedellínTonguePositionOpen biteTG 2019 EOF 15794Tongue position assessment during oral phase deglutition in children with anterior open bite and normal vertical overbiteArtículohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAtribución – No comercial – Sin Derivarinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive DentistryJohnson NC, Sandy JR. Tooth position and speech – Is there a relationship? Angle Orthod 1999;69:306‑10.Rijpstra C, Lisson JA. Etiology of anterior open bite: A review. J Orofac Orthop 2016;77:281‑6.Nogueira Fialho MP, Pinzan‑Vercelino CR, Nogueira RP, Gurgel JA. Relationship between facial morphology, anterior open bite and non‑nutritive sucking habits during the primary dentition stage. Dental Press J Orthod 2014;19:108‑13.Fujiki T, Inoue M, Miyawaki S, Nagasaki T, Tanimoto K, Takano‑Yamamoto T. Relationship between maxillofacial morphology and deglutitive tongue movement in patients with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125:160‑7.Lopez‑Gavito G, Wallen TR, Little RM, Joondeph DR. Anterior open‑bite malocclusion: A longitudinal 10‑year postretention evaluation of orthodontically treated patients. Am J Orthod 1985;87:175‑86.Machado DB, Brizon VS, Ambrosano GM, Madureira DF, Gomes VE, de Oliveira AC, et al. Factors associated with the prevalence of anterior open bite among preschool children: A population‑based study in Brazil. Dental Press J Orthod 2014;19:103‑9.Ngan P, Fields HW. Open bite: A review of etiology and management. Pediatr Dent 1997;19:91‑8Nielsen IL. Vertical malocclusions: Etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment. Angle Orthod 1991;61:247‑60Yılmaz F, Sağdıç D, Karaçay S, Akin E, Bulakbası N. Tongue movements in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion evaluated with real‑time balanced turbo field echo cine magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:e415‑25Akin E, Sayin MO, Karaçay S, Bulakbaşi N. Real‑time balanced turbo field echo cine‑magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of tongue movements during deglutition in subjects with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;129:24‑8Vaiman M, Eviatar E. Surface electromyography as a screening method for evaluation of dysphagia and odynophagia. Head Face Med 2009;5:9Rivera‑Torres P. The diagnostic importance of the payne technique. J Gen Orthod 1992;3:13‑7.Feres MF, Abreu LG, Insabralde NM, Almeida MR, Flores‑Mir C. Effectiveness of the open bite treatment in growing children and adolescents. A systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2016;38:237‑50Beane RA, Reimann G, Phillips C, Tulloch C. A cephalometric comparison of black open‑bite subjects and black normals. Angle Orthod 2003;73:294‑300Thilander B, Pena L, Infante C, Parada SS, de Mayorga C. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in children and adolescents in Bogota, Colombia. An epidemiological study related to different stages of dental development. Eur J Orthod 2001;23:153‑67García G. Etiology and diagnosis of ventilator patients mouths at early ages. Rev Latinoam Ortod Odontopediatría [Online] 2011. Available from: http://www.ortodoncia.ws/ publicaciones/2011/art18.asp. [Last accessed on 2013 Jan 25].Ocampo‑Parra A, Escobar‑Toro B, Sierra‑Alzate V, Rueda ZV, Lema MC. Prevalence of dyslalias in 8 to 16 year‑old students with anterior open bite in the municipality of Envigado, Colombia. BMC Oral Health 2015;15:77.Fujiki T, Takano‑Yamamoto T, Noguchi H, Yamashiro T, Guan G, Tanimoto K. A cineradiographic study of deglutitive tongue movement and nasopharyngeal closure in patients with anterior open bite. Angle Orthod 2000;70:284‑9.Quiroz Marchesan I. Foundations of speech therapy: Clinical aspects of oral motricity. Madrid: Médica Panamericana; 2002. p. 35‑52.Cozza P, Baccetti T, Franchi L, Mucedero M. Comparison of 2 early treatment protocols for open‑bite malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;132:743‑7Wilks CG. Stress modified swallowing. Br Dent J 2011;210:98.Ng CS, Wong WK, Hagg U. Orthodontic treatment of anterior open bite. Int J Paediatr Dent 2008;18:78‑83.Lentini‑Oliveira DA, Carvalho FR, Rodrigues CG, Ye Q, Prado LB, Prado GF, et al. Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;9:CD005515.Bueno R, Cardoso L, Mucha J, Trindade A. Stability of open‑bite treatment in adult patients: A systematic. J World Fed Orthod 2012;1:97‑101.Giancotti A, Greco M. The use of bonded acrylic expander in patient with open‑bite and oral breathing. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2008;9:3‑8.Castells M. Myofunctional therapy and speech therapy. Logoped Rev Logoped Foniatría Audiol 1992;12:85‑92.PublicationORIGINAL2019_Tongue_ position_open bite.pdf2019_Tongue_ position_open bite.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf4530624https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/9a25bb16-70f3-4a05-a443-c88fecb80a68/download79955b9d53a8745ccd6f99092ffe667bMD51Tongue_position_openbite_Licencia de uso RI.pdfTongue_position_openbite_Licencia de uso RI.pdfLicencia de usoapplication/pdf164879https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/d0994045-5199-489f-a4fd-3be7ac76786c/downloade8c52703b5158be0b36b07f3fa8872d6MD54LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/f0d14f37-ee0d-4590-999b-7a4dd6fa2f88/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD53THUMBNAIL2019_Tongue_ position_open bite.pdf.jpg2019_Tongue_ position_open bite.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg2680https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/07e4027f-0c1e-4f6c-bfcd-a4389cdd0fe8/downloadb219998c9cdac89dd0ccc9f326eaa744MD55Tongue_position_openbite_Licencia de uso RI.pdf.jpgTongue_position_openbite_Licencia de uso RI.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg4914https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/79c4c933-9488-4d3d-927d-66c1511051d3/download4d44993936adbff91f9f5ddf7529761dMD56TEXT2019_Tongue_ position_open bite.pdf.txt2019_Tongue_ position_open bite.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain24819https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/aade26ab-ad3b-468a-964a-c2e5a80e6473/download91426ef6418b56e9a1a51c06a39d70eaMD57Tongue_position_openbite_Licencia de uso RI.pdf.txtTongue_position_openbite_Licencia de uso RI.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain5577https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/68483671-9f5a-48f6-a97b-90d68a25ddf0/download9dcba258fc2b48656909729ffdcd8cf0MD5820.500.12494/15794oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/157942024-08-10 22:43:15.952restrictedhttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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 |