Novel Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage With the Spike Substitutions L249S and E484K
COVID-19 pandemics has led to genetic diversification of SARS-CoV-2 and the appearance of variants with potential impact in transmissibility and viral escape from acquired immunity. We report a new and highly divergent lineage containing 21 distinctive mutations (10 non-synonymous, eight synonymous,...
- Autores:
-
Laiton Donato, Katherine
Usme Ciro, José Aldemar
Franco Muñoz, Carlos
Álvarez Díaz, Diego Alejandro
Ruiz Moreno, Hector A.
Reales Gonzalez, Jhonnatan
Prada, Diego A.
Corchuelo, Sheryll
Herrera Sepulveda, Maria T.
Naizaque, Julián Ricardo
Santamaría, Gerardo
Wiesner, Magdalena
Walteros, Diana Marcela
Ospina Martínez, Martha L.
Mercado Reyes, Marcela
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UCC
- Idioma:
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/45598
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/45598
- Palabra clave:
- SARS-CoV-2
Variantes
Evolución
Colombia
SARS-CoV-2
Variants
Evolution
Colombia
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución – Sin Derivar
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Novel Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage With the Spike Substitutions L249S and E484K |
title |
Novel Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage With the Spike Substitutions L249S and E484K |
spellingShingle |
Novel Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage With the Spike Substitutions L249S and E484K SARS-CoV-2 Variantes Evolución Colombia SARS-CoV-2 Variants Evolution Colombia |
title_short |
Novel Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage With the Spike Substitutions L249S and E484K |
title_full |
Novel Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage With the Spike Substitutions L249S and E484K |
title_fullStr |
Novel Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage With the Spike Substitutions L249S and E484K |
title_full_unstemmed |
Novel Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage With the Spike Substitutions L249S and E484K |
title_sort |
Novel Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage With the Spike Substitutions L249S and E484K |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Laiton Donato, Katherine Usme Ciro, José Aldemar Franco Muñoz, Carlos Álvarez Díaz, Diego Alejandro Ruiz Moreno, Hector A. Reales Gonzalez, Jhonnatan Prada, Diego A. Corchuelo, Sheryll Herrera Sepulveda, Maria T. Naizaque, Julián Ricardo Santamaría, Gerardo Wiesner, Magdalena Walteros, Diana Marcela Ospina Martínez, Martha L. Mercado Reyes, Marcela |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Laiton Donato, Katherine Usme Ciro, José Aldemar Franco Muñoz, Carlos Álvarez Díaz, Diego Alejandro Ruiz Moreno, Hector A. Reales Gonzalez, Jhonnatan Prada, Diego A. Corchuelo, Sheryll Herrera Sepulveda, Maria T. Naizaque, Julián Ricardo Santamaría, Gerardo Wiesner, Magdalena Walteros, Diana Marcela Ospina Martínez, Martha L. Mercado Reyes, Marcela |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
SARS-CoV-2 Variantes Evolución Colombia |
topic |
SARS-CoV-2 Variantes Evolución Colombia SARS-CoV-2 Variants Evolution Colombia |
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv |
SARS-CoV-2 Variants Evolution Colombia |
description |
COVID-19 pandemics has led to genetic diversification of SARS-CoV-2 and the appearance of variants with potential impact in transmissibility and viral escape from acquired immunity. We report a new and highly divergent lineage containing 21 distinctive mutations (10 non-synonymous, eight synonymous, and three substitutions in non-coding regions). The amino acid changes L249S and E484K located at the CTD and RBD of the Spike protein could be of special interest due to their potential biological role in the virus-host relationship. Further studies are required for monitoring the epidemiologic impact of this new lineage. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-28 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-07T14:39:06Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-07T14:39:06Z |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Artículos Científicos |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
2296-858X |
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
10.3389/fmed.2021.697605 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/45598 |
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Laiton Donato K, Usme Ciro JA, Franco Muñoz C, Alvarez Díaz DA, Ruiz Moreno HA, et al. (2021). Novel Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage With the Spike Substitutions L249S and E484K. Front. Med. 8:697605. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.697605.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/45598 |
identifier_str_mv |
2296-858X 10.3389/fmed.2021.697605 Laiton Donato K, Usme Ciro JA, Franco Muñoz C, Alvarez Díaz DA, Ruiz Moreno HA, et al. (2021). Novel Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage With the Spike Substitutions L249S and E484K. Front. Med. 8:697605. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.697605.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/45598 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/45598 |
dc.relation.isversionof.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.697605/full |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Frontiers in Medicine |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Lee K, Worsnop CZ, Grépin KA, Kamradt-Scott A. Global coordination on cross-border travel and trade measures crucial to COVID-19 response. Lancet. (2020) 395:1593–5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20) 31032-1 GISAID. GISAID initiative. Adv Virus Res. (2020) 2008:1–7. Available online at: https://www.gisaid.org/ Rambaut A, Holmes EC, O’Toole Á, Hill V, McCrone JT, Ruis C, et al. A dynamic nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 lineages to assist genomic epidemiology. Nat Microbiol. (2020) 5:1403–7. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0770-5 Centers for Disease Control Prevention, C. D. C. Emerging SARSCoV-2 variants. Cent Infect Dis Res Policy. (2020). Available online at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/ scientific-brief-emerging-variants.html (accessed March 2, 2021). Volz E, Hill V, McCrone JT, Price A, Jorgensen D, O’Toole Á, et al. Evaluating the effects of SARS-CoV-2 spike mutation D614G on transmissibility and pathogenicity. Cell. (2021) 184:64–75.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.020 Rambaut A, Loman N, Pybus O, Barclay W, Barrett J, Carabell A, et al. Preliminary Genomic Characterisation of an Emergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage in the UK Defined by a Novel Set of Spike Mutations. (2020). Available online at: https://virological.org/t/preliminary-genomic-characterisation-of-anemergent-sars-cov-2-lineage-in-the-uk-defined-by-a-novel-set-of-spikemutations/563 (accessed April17, 2021). Voloch CM, da Silva Francisco R Jr, de Almeida LGP, Cardoso CC, Brustolini OJ, Gerber AL, et al. Genomic characterization of a novel SARSCoV-2 lineage from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Virol. (2021) 1:e00119-21. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00119-21 Faria NR, Mellan TA, Whittaker C, Claro IM, Candido D da S, Mishra S, et al. Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil. Science. (2021) 372:815–21. doi: 10.1126/science.abh2644 Tegally H, Wilkinson E, Giovanetti M, Iranzadeh A, Fonseca V, Giandhari J, et al. Detection of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa. Nature. (2021) 592:438–43. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03402-9 Weisblum Y, Schmidt F, Zhang F, DaSilva J, Poston D, Lorenzi JC, et al. Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants. Elife. (2020) 9:e61312. doi: 10.7554/eLife.61312.sa2 Wang Z, Schmidt F, Weisblum Y, Muecksch F, Barnes CO, Finkin S, et al. mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants. Nature. (2021). 592:616–22 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03324-6 Liu Z, VanBlargan LA, Bloyet L-M, Rothlauf PW, Chen RE, Stumpf S, et al. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations that attenuate monoclonal and serum antibody neutralization. Cell Host Microbe. (2021) 29:477–88.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.01.014 Laiton-Donato K, Villabona-Arenas CJ, Usme-Ciro JA, Franco-Muñoz C, Álvarez-Díaz DA, Villabona-Arenas LS, et al. Genomic epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis. (2020) 26:2854–62. doi: 10.3201/eid2612.202969 Instito Nacional de Salud. Estrategia de Caracterización Genómica SARSCoV-2, COLOMBIA. 1–12. (2021). Available online at: http://www.ins.gov. co/BibliotecaDigital/Estrategia-de-caracterizacion-genomica-SARS-CoV2_ Colombia.pdf (accessed April 18, 2021). Tyson JR, James P, Stoddart D, Sparks N, Wickenhagen A, Hall G, et al. Improvements to the ARTIC multiplex PCR method for SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing using nanopore. bioRxiv Prepr Serv Biol [Preprint]. (2020). doi: 10.1101/2020.09.04.283077 Martin DP, Murrell B, Golden M, Khoosal A, Muhire B. RDP4: detection and analysis of recombination patterns in virus genomes. Virus Evol. (2015) 1:vev003. doi: 10.1093/ve/vev003 Delport W, Poon AFY, Frost SDW, Kosakovsky Pond SL. Datamonkey 2010: a suite of phylogenetic analysis tools for evolutionary biology. Bioinformatics. (2010) 26:2455–7. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq429 Nguyen L-T, Schmidt HA, von Haeseler A, Minh BQ. IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol. (2015) 32:268–74. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu300 Guindon S, Dufayard J-F, Lefort V, Anisimova M, Hordijk W, Gascuel O, et al. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst Biol. (2010) 59:307–21. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syq010 Greaney AJ, Loes AN, Crawford KHD, Starr TN, Malone KD, Chu HY, et al. Comprehensive mapping of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that affect recognition by polyclonal human plasma antibodies. Cell Host Microbe. (2021) 29:463–76.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.003 Kemp SA, Collier DA, Datir RP, Ferreira IATM, Gayed S, Jahun A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 evolution during treatment of chronic infection. Nature. (2021) 592:277–82. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03291-y Rees-Spear C, Muir L, Griffith SA, Heaney J, Aldon Y, Snitselaar JL, et al. The effect of spike mutations on SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. Cell Rep. (2021) 34:108890. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108890 Dumonteil E, Herrera C. Polymorphism and selection pressure of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and diagnostic antigens: implications for immune evasion and serologic diagnostic performance. Pathogens. (2020) 9:584. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9070584 Cele S, Gazy I, Jackson L, Hwa S-H, Tegally H, Lustig G, et al. Escape of SARSCoV-2 501Y.V2 variants from neutralization by convalescent plasma. Nature. (2021) 593:142–6. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03471-w Wibmer CK, Ayres F, Hermanus T, Madzivhandila M, Kgagudi P, Oosthuysen B, et al. SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma. Nat Med. (2021) 27:622–5. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.18.427166 Tarke A, Sidney J, Methot N, Zhang Y, Dan JM, Goodwin B, et al. Negligible impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in COVID-19 exposed donors and vaccinees. bioRxiv [Preprint]. (2021) 2021.02.27.433180. doi: 10.1101/2021.02.27.433180 Choi B, Choudhary MC, Regan J, Sparks JA, Padera RF, Qiu X, et al. Persistence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunocompromised host. N Engl J Med. (2020) 383:2291–3. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2031364 Hu J, Peng P, Wang K, Fang L, Luo F, Jin A, et al. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants reduce neutralization sensitivity to convalescent sera and monoclonal antibodies. Cell Mol Immunol. (2021) 18:1061–3. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.22.427749 |
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Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina, Santa Marta Bathri N. Vajravelu |
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Laiton Donato, KatherineUsme Ciro, José AldemarFranco Muñoz, CarlosÁlvarez Díaz, Diego AlejandroRuiz Moreno, Hector A.Reales Gonzalez, JhonnatanPrada, Diego A.Corchuelo, SheryllHerrera Sepulveda, Maria T.Naizaque, Julián RicardoSantamaría, GerardoWiesner, MagdalenaWalteros, Diana MarcelaOspina Martínez, Martha L.Mercado Reyes, Marcela82022-07-07T14:39:06Z2022-07-07T14:39:06Z2021-06-282296-858X10.3389/fmed.2021.697605https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/45598Laiton Donato K, Usme Ciro JA, Franco Muñoz C, Alvarez Díaz DA, Ruiz Moreno HA, et al. (2021). Novel Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage With the Spike Substitutions L249S and E484K. Front. Med. 8:697605. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.697605.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/45598COVID-19 pandemics has led to genetic diversification of SARS-CoV-2 and the appearance of variants with potential impact in transmissibility and viral escape from acquired immunity. We report a new and highly divergent lineage containing 21 distinctive mutations (10 non-synonymous, eight synonymous, and three substitutions in non-coding regions). The amino acid changes L249S and E484K located at the CTD and RBD of the Spike protein could be of special interest due to their potential biological role in the virus-host relationship. Further studies are required for monitoring the epidemiologic impact of this new lineage.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000318507https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-0544https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000008981jose.usmec@campusucc.edu.cohttps://scholar.google.com.co/citations?user=cU2KyT4AAAAJ&hl=en6Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina, Santa MartaBathri N. VajraveluMedicinaSanta Martahttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.697605/fullFrontiers in MedicineLee K, Worsnop CZ, Grépin KA, Kamradt-Scott A. Global coordination on cross-border travel and trade measures crucial to COVID-19 response. Lancet. (2020) 395:1593–5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20) 31032-1GISAID. GISAID initiative. Adv Virus Res. (2020) 2008:1–7. Available online at: https://www.gisaid.org/Rambaut A, Holmes EC, O’Toole Á, Hill V, McCrone JT, Ruis C, et al. A dynamic nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 lineages to assist genomic epidemiology. Nat Microbiol. (2020) 5:1403–7. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0770-5Centers for Disease Control Prevention, C. D. C. Emerging SARSCoV-2 variants. Cent Infect Dis Res Policy. (2020). Available online at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/ scientific-brief-emerging-variants.html (accessed March 2, 2021).Volz E, Hill V, McCrone JT, Price A, Jorgensen D, O’Toole Á, et al. Evaluating the effects of SARS-CoV-2 spike mutation D614G on transmissibility and pathogenicity. Cell. (2021) 184:64–75.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.020Rambaut A, Loman N, Pybus O, Barclay W, Barrett J, Carabell A, et al. Preliminary Genomic Characterisation of an Emergent SARS-CoV-2 Lineage in the UK Defined by a Novel Set of Spike Mutations. (2020). Available online at: https://virological.org/t/preliminary-genomic-characterisation-of-anemergent-sars-cov-2-lineage-in-the-uk-defined-by-a-novel-set-of-spikemutations/563 (accessed April17, 2021).Voloch CM, da Silva Francisco R Jr, de Almeida LGP, Cardoso CC, Brustolini OJ, Gerber AL, et al. Genomic characterization of a novel SARSCoV-2 lineage from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Virol. (2021) 1:e00119-21. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00119-21Faria NR, Mellan TA, Whittaker C, Claro IM, Candido D da S, Mishra S, et al. Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil. Science. (2021) 372:815–21. doi: 10.1126/science.abh2644Tegally H, Wilkinson E, Giovanetti M, Iranzadeh A, Fonseca V, Giandhari J, et al. Detection of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa. Nature. (2021) 592:438–43. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03402-9Weisblum Y, Schmidt F, Zhang F, DaSilva J, Poston D, Lorenzi JC, et al. Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants. Elife. (2020) 9:e61312. doi: 10.7554/eLife.61312.sa2Wang Z, Schmidt F, Weisblum Y, Muecksch F, Barnes CO, Finkin S, et al. mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants. Nature. (2021). 592:616–22 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03324-6Liu Z, VanBlargan LA, Bloyet L-M, Rothlauf PW, Chen RE, Stumpf S, et al. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations that attenuate monoclonal and serum antibody neutralization. Cell Host Microbe. (2021) 29:477–88.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.01.014Laiton-Donato K, Villabona-Arenas CJ, Usme-Ciro JA, Franco-Muñoz C, Álvarez-Díaz DA, Villabona-Arenas LS, et al. Genomic epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis. (2020) 26:2854–62. doi: 10.3201/eid2612.202969Instito Nacional de Salud. Estrategia de Caracterización Genómica SARSCoV-2, COLOMBIA. 1–12. (2021). Available online at: http://www.ins.gov. co/BibliotecaDigital/Estrategia-de-caracterizacion-genomica-SARS-CoV2_ Colombia.pdf (accessed April 18, 2021).Tyson JR, James P, Stoddart D, Sparks N, Wickenhagen A, Hall G, et al. Improvements to the ARTIC multiplex PCR method for SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing using nanopore. bioRxiv Prepr Serv Biol [Preprint]. (2020). doi: 10.1101/2020.09.04.283077Martin DP, Murrell B, Golden M, Khoosal A, Muhire B. RDP4: detection and analysis of recombination patterns in virus genomes. Virus Evol. (2015) 1:vev003. doi: 10.1093/ve/vev003Delport W, Poon AFY, Frost SDW, Kosakovsky Pond SL. Datamonkey 2010: a suite of phylogenetic analysis tools for evolutionary biology. Bioinformatics. (2010) 26:2455–7. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq429Nguyen L-T, Schmidt HA, von Haeseler A, Minh BQ. IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol. (2015) 32:268–74. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu300Guindon S, Dufayard J-F, Lefort V, Anisimova M, Hordijk W, Gascuel O, et al. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst Biol. (2010) 59:307–21. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syq010Greaney AJ, Loes AN, Crawford KHD, Starr TN, Malone KD, Chu HY, et al. Comprehensive mapping of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that affect recognition by polyclonal human plasma antibodies. Cell Host Microbe. (2021) 29:463–76.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.003Kemp SA, Collier DA, Datir RP, Ferreira IATM, Gayed S, Jahun A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 evolution during treatment of chronic infection. Nature. (2021) 592:277–82. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03291-yRees-Spear C, Muir L, Griffith SA, Heaney J, Aldon Y, Snitselaar JL, et al. The effect of spike mutations on SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. Cell Rep. (2021) 34:108890. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108890Dumonteil E, Herrera C. Polymorphism and selection pressure of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and diagnostic antigens: implications for immune evasion and serologic diagnostic performance. Pathogens. (2020) 9:584. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9070584Cele S, Gazy I, Jackson L, Hwa S-H, Tegally H, Lustig G, et al. Escape of SARSCoV-2 501Y.V2 variants from neutralization by convalescent plasma. Nature. (2021) 593:142–6. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03471-wWibmer CK, Ayres F, Hermanus T, Madzivhandila M, Kgagudi P, Oosthuysen B, et al. SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma. Nat Med. (2021) 27:622–5. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.18.427166Tarke A, Sidney J, Methot N, Zhang Y, Dan JM, Goodwin B, et al. Negligible impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in COVID-19 exposed donors and vaccinees. bioRxiv [Preprint]. (2021) 2021.02.27.433180. doi: 10.1101/2021.02.27.433180Choi B, Choudhary MC, Regan J, Sparks JA, Padera RF, Qiu X, et al. Persistence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunocompromised host. N Engl J Med. (2020) 383:2291–3. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2031364Hu J, Peng P, Wang K, Fang L, Luo F, Jin A, et al. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants reduce neutralization sensitivity to convalescent sera and monoclonal antibodies. Cell Mol Immunol. 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