Ehlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a Colombian Woman with Multiple Comorbidities
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a heterogeneous group of genetically transmitted connective tissue disorders that directly affect collagen synthesis, with a broad range of symptoms. Case presentation: This study presents a clinical case of a Colombian woman with myopathic EDS and multiple comorbid...
- Autores:
-
Fajardo-Jiménez, María José
Tejada-Moreno, Johanna A.
Mejía-García, Alejandro
Villegas-Lanau, Andrés
Zapata Builes, Wildeman
Restrepo, Jorge E.
Cuartas, Gina P.
Hernández López, Juan Carlos
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UCC
- Idioma:
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/52306
- Palabra clave:
- Ehlers-Danlos syndromes; genetic diseases; collagen; neuropsychological assessment; case report
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes
genetic diseases; collagen
neuropsychological assessment
case report
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
id |
COOPER2_f67719a765e1ebdf58e23484998c9c76 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/52306 |
network_acronym_str |
COOPER2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio UCC |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Ehlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a Colombian Woman with Multiple Comorbidities |
title |
Ehlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a Colombian Woman with Multiple Comorbidities |
spellingShingle |
Ehlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a Colombian Woman with Multiple Comorbidities Ehlers-Danlos syndromes; genetic diseases; collagen; neuropsychological assessment; case report Ehlers-Danlos syndromes genetic diseases; collagen neuropsychological assessment case report |
title_short |
Ehlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a Colombian Woman with Multiple Comorbidities |
title_full |
Ehlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a Colombian Woman with Multiple Comorbidities |
title_fullStr |
Ehlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a Colombian Woman with Multiple Comorbidities |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ehlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a Colombian Woman with Multiple Comorbidities |
title_sort |
Ehlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a Colombian Woman with Multiple Comorbidities |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Fajardo-Jiménez, María José Tejada-Moreno, Johanna A. Mejía-García, Alejandro Villegas-Lanau, Andrés Zapata Builes, Wildeman Restrepo, Jorge E. Cuartas, Gina P. Hernández López, Juan Carlos |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Fajardo-Jiménez, María José Tejada-Moreno, Johanna A. Mejía-García, Alejandro Villegas-Lanau, Andrés Zapata Builes, Wildeman Restrepo, Jorge E. Cuartas, Gina P. Hernández López, Juan Carlos |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes; genetic diseases; collagen; neuropsychological assessment; case report |
topic |
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes; genetic diseases; collagen; neuropsychological assessment; case report Ehlers-Danlos syndromes genetic diseases; collagen neuropsychological assessment case report |
dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv |
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes genetic diseases; collagen neuropsychological assessment case report |
description |
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a heterogeneous group of genetically transmitted connective tissue disorders that directly affect collagen synthesis, with a broad range of symptoms. Case presentation: This study presents a clinical case of a Colombian woman with myopathic EDS and multiple comorbidities taking 40 years of medical history to make the right diagnosis. This article also presents a review of the current literature on EDS, not only to remind the syndrome but also to help the clinician correctly identify symptoms of this diverse syndrome. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of the patient, including clinical and molecular analysis, and neuropsychological and psychological assessment, is important to improve the treatment choice and the outcome prediction of the patients. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-11-15 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-03T16:56:45Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-03T16:56:45Z |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Artículos Científicos |
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv |
2073-4425 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13112118 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/52306 |
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.none.fl_str_mv |
Fajardo-Jiménez, M.J.; Tejada-Moreno, J.A.; Mejía-García, A.; Villegas-Lanau, A.; Zapata-Builes,W.; Restrepo, J.E.; Cuartas, G.P.; Hernandez, J.C. Ehlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a ColombianWoman with Multiple Comorbidities. Genes 2022, 13, 2118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ genes13112118 |
identifier_str_mv |
2073-4425 Fajardo-Jiménez, M.J.; Tejada-Moreno, J.A.; Mejía-García, A.; Villegas-Lanau, A.; Zapata-Builes,W.; Restrepo, J.E.; Cuartas, G.P.; Hernandez, J.C. Ehlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a ColombianWoman with Multiple Comorbidities. Genes 2022, 13, 2118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ genes13112118 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13112118 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/52306 |
dc.relation.isversionof.none.fl_str_mv |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2118 |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv |
Genes |
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
1. Yeowell, H.N.; Pinnell, S.R. The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Semin. Dermatol. 1993, 12, 229–240. [PubMed] 2. Callewaert, B.; Malfait, F.; Loeys, B.; De Paepe, A. Ehlers-Danlos syndromes and Marfan syndrome. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. 2008, 22, 165–189. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 3. Tinkle, B.; Castori, M.; Berglund, B.; Cohen, H.; Grahame, R.; Kazkaz, H.; Levy, H. Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome Type III and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobility type): Clinical description and natural history. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 48–69. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 4. Malfait, F.; Francomano, C.; Byers, P.; Belmont, J.; Berglund, B.; Black, J.; Bloom, L.; Bowen, J.M.; Brady, A.F.; Burrows, N.P.; et al. The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 8–26. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 5. Beighton, P.; De Paepe, A.; Steinmann, B.; Tsipouras, P.; Wenstrup, R.J. Ehlers-danlos syndromes: Revised nosology, Villefranche, 1997. Am. J. Med. Genet. 1998, 77, 31–37. [CrossRef] De Paepe, A.; Malfait, F. The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a disorder with many faces. Clin. Genet. 2012, 82, 1–11. [CrossRef] 7. Henderson, F.C.; Austin, C.; Benzel, E.; Bolognese, P.; Ellenbogen, R.; Francomano, C.A.; Ireton, C.; Klinge, P.; Koby, M.; Long, D.; et al. Neurological and spinal manifestations of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes; Neurological and spinal manifestations of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 195–211. [CrossRef] 8. Bulbena, A.; Pailhez, G.; Bulbena-Cabré, A.; Mallorquí-Bagué, N.; Baeza-Velasco, C. Joint hypermobility, anxiety and psychosomatics: Two and a half decades of progress toward a new phenotype. Adv. Psychosom. Med. 2015, 34, 143–157. 9. Pasquini, M.; Celletti, C.; Berardelli, I.; Roselli, V.; Mastroeni, S.; Castori, M.; Biondi, M.; Camerota, F. Unexpected association between joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Rheumatol. Int. 2014, 34, 631–636. [CrossRef] 10. Voermans, N.C.; Knoop, H.; van de Kamp, N.; Hamel, B.C.; Bleijenberg, G.; van Engelen, B.G. Fatigue Is a Frequent and Clinically Relevant Problem in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 2010, 40, 267–274. [CrossRef] 11. Baeza-Velasco, C.; Bourdon, C.; Polanco-Carrasco, R.; De Jouvencel, M.; Gely-Nargeot, M.-C.; Gompel, A.; Hamonet, C. Cognitive impairment in women with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type. Rheumatol. Int. 2017, 37, 937–939. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 12. Symoens, S.; Malfait, F.; Renard, M.; André, J.; Hausser, I.; Loeys, B.; Coucke, P.; De Paepe, A. COL5A1 signal peptide mutations interfere with protein secretion and cause classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Hum. Mutat. 2008, 30, E395–E403. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 13. Malfait, F.; Coucke, P.; Symoens, S.; Loeys, B.; Nuytinck, L.; De Paepe, A. The molecular basis of classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A comprehensive study of biochemical and molecular findings in 48 unrelated patients. Hum. Mutat. 2004, 25, 28–37. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 14. Viglio, S.; Zoppi, N.; Sangalli, A.; Gallanti, A.; Barlati, S.; Mottes, M.; Colombi, M.; Valli, M. Rescue of migratory defects of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome fibroblasts in vitro by type V collagen but not insulin-like binding protein-1. J. Investig. Dermatol. 2008, 128, 1915–1919. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 15. Birk, D.E. Type V collagen: Heterotypic type I/V collagen interactions in the regulation of fibril assembly. Micron 2000, 32, 223–237. [CrossRef] 16. Schalkwijk, J.; Zweers, M.C.; Steijlen, P.M.; Dean, W.B.; Taylor, G.; van Vlijmen, I.M.; van Haren, B.; Miller, W.L.; Bristow, J. A Recessive Form of the Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Caused by Tenascin-X Deficiency. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002, 345, 1167–1175. [CrossRef] 17. Malfait, F.; Symoens, S.; Coucke, P.; Nunes, L.; De Almeida, S.; De Paepe, A. Total absence of the alpha2(I) chain of collagen type I causes a rare form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with hypermobility and propensity to cardiac valvular problems. J. Med. Genet. 2005, 43, e36. [CrossRef] 18. Leistritz, D.F.; Pepin, M.G.; Schwarze, U.; Byers, P.H. COL3A1 haploinsufficiency results in a variety of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV with delayed onset of complications and longer life expectancy. Genet. Med. 2011, 13, 717–722. [CrossRef] 19. Yeowell, H.; Steinmann, B. PLOD1-Related Kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. In GeneReviews; Adam, M.P., Everman, D.B., Mirzaa, G.M., Eds.; University of Washington: Seattle, WA, USA, 2000. Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK1462/ (accessed on 12 September 2022). 20. Giunta, C.; Superti-Furga, A.; Spranger, S.; Cole, W.G.; Steinmann, B. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII: Clinical features and molecular defects. JBJS 1999, 81, 225–238. [CrossRef] 21. Byers, P.H.; Duvic, M.; Atkinson, M.; Robinow, M.; Smith, L.T.; Krane, S.M.; Greally, M.T.; Ludman, M.; Matalon, R.; Pauker, S.; et al. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIA and VIIB result from splice-junction mutations or genomic deletions that involve exon 6 in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes of type I collagen. Am. J. Med. Genet. 1997, 72, 94–105. [CrossRef] 22. Colige, A.; Sieron, A.L.; Li, S.-W.; Schwarze, U.; Petty, E.;Wertelecki,W.;Wilcox,W.; Krakow, D.; Cohn, D.H.; Reardon,W.; et al. Human Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type VII C and Bovine Dermatosparaxis Are Caused by Mutations in the Procollagen I N-Proteinase Gene. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1999, 65, 308–317. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 23. Malfait, F.; De Paepe, A. The Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. In Progress in Heritable Soft Connective Tissue Diseases; Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; Halper, J., Ed.; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2014; Volume 802. [CrossRef] 24. Mitchell, A.L.; Schwarze, U.; Jennings, J.F.; Byers, P.H. Molecular mechanisms of classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Hum. Mutat. 2009, 30, 995–1002. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 25. Symoens, S.; Syx, D.; Malfait, F.; Callewaert, B.; De Backer, J.; Vanakker, O.; Coucke, P.; De Paepe, A. Comprehensive molecular analysis demonstrates type V collagen mutations in over 90% of patients with classic EDS and allows to refine diagnostic criteria. Hum. Mutat. 2012, 33, 1485–1493. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 26. Juul-Kristensen, B.; Rogind, H.; Jensen, D.V.; Remvig, L. Inter-examiner reproducibility of tests and criteria for generalized joint hypermobility and benign joint hypermobility syndrome. Rheumatology 2007, 46, 1835–1841. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 27. Zweers, M.C.; Dean, W.B.; van Kuppevelt, T.H.; Bristow, J.; Schalkwijk, J. Elastic fiber abnormalities in hypermobility type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome patients with tenascin-X mutations. Clin. Genet. 2005, 67, 330–334. [CrossRef] 28. Danielson, K.G.; Baribault, H.; Holmes, D.F.; Graham, H.; Kadler, K.E.; Iozzo, R.V. Targeted disruption of decorin leads to abnormal collagen fibril morphology and skin fragility. J. Cell Biol. 1997, 136, 729–743. [CrossRef] 29. Svensson, L.; Aszódi, A.; Reinholt, F.P.; Fässler, R.; Heinegård, D.; Oldberg, Å. Fibromodulin-null mice have abnormal collagen fibrils, tissue organization, and altered lumican deposition in tendon. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274, 9636–9647. [CrossRef] 30. Chakravarti, S.; Magnuson, T.; Lass, J.H.; Jepsen, K.J.; LaMantia, C.; Carroll, H. Lumican regulates collagen fibril assembly: Skin fragility and corneal opacity in the absence of lumican. J. Cell Biol. 1998, 141, 1277–1286. [CrossRef] 31. Mao, J.R.; Bristow, J. The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: On beyond collagens. J. Clin. Investig. 2001, 107, 1063–1069. [CrossRef] 32. Hamonet, C.; Brissot, R.; Gompel, A.; Baeza-Velasco, C.; Guinchat, V.; Brock, I.; Ducret, L.; Pommeret, S.; Metlaine, A. Prospective Study of 853 Patients. EC Neurol. 2018, 10, 428–439. 33. Sulli, A.; Talarico, R.; Scirè, C.A.; Avcin, T.; Castori, M.; Ferraris, A.; Frank, C.; Grunert, J.; Paolino, S.; Bombardieri, S.; et al. Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: State of the art on clinical practice guidelines. RMD Open 2018, 4, e000790. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 34. Baeza-Velasco, C.; Gély-Nargeot, M.C.; Vilarrasa, A.B.; Bravo, J.F. Joint hypermobility syndrome: Problems that require psychological intervention. Rheumatol. Int. 2011, 31, 1131–1136. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 35. Lee, M.; Strand, M. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome in a young woman with anorexia nervosa and complex somatic symptoms. Int. J. Eat. Disord. 2017, 51, 281–284. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 36. Zhou, Z.; Rewari, A.; Shanthanna, H. Management of chronic pain in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Medicine 2018, 97, e13115. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 37. Sacheti, A.; Szemere, J.; Bernstein, B.; Tafas, T.; Schechter, N.; Tsipouras, P. Chronic pain is a manifestation of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J. Pain Symptom Manag. 1997, 14, 88–93. [CrossRef] 38. Voermans, N.C.; Knoop, H.; Bleijenberg, G.; Van Engelen, B.G. Pain in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is common, severe, and associated with functional impairment. J. Pain Symptom Manag. 2010, 40, 370–378. [CrossRef] 39. Brady, A.F.; Demirdas, S.; Fournel-Gigleux, S.; Ghali, N.; Giunta, C.; Kapferer-Seebacher, I.; Kosho, T.; Mendoza-Londono, R.; Pope, M.F.; Rohrbach, M.; et al. The Ehlers–Danlos syndromes, rare types. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 70–115. [CrossRef] 40. Shimizu, K.; Okamoto, N.; Miyake, N.; Taira, K.; Sato, Y.; Matsuda, K.; Akimaru, N.; Ohashi, H.;Wakui, K.; Fukushima, Y.; et al. Delineation of dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 deficient Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: Observation of two additional patients and comprehensive review of 20 reported patients. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A 2011, 155, 1949–1958. [CrossRef] 41. Kosho, T. CHST14/D4ST1 deficiency: New form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Pediatr. Int. 2016, 58, 88–99. [CrossRef] 42. Castori, M.; Morlino, S.; Celletti, C.; Ghibellini, G.; Bruschini, M.; Grammatico, P.; Blundo, C.; Camerota, F. Re-writing the natural history of pain and related symptoms in the joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A 2013, 161, 2989–3004. [CrossRef] 43. Chopra, P.; Tinkle, B.; Hamonet, C.; Brock, I.; Gompel, A.; Bulbena, A.; Francomano, C. Pain management in the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 212–219. [CrossRef] 44. Hamonet, C.; Gompel, A.; Raffray, Y.; Zeitoun, J.D.; Delarue, M.; Vlamynck, E.; Haidari, R.; Mazaltarinej, G. Multiple pains in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Description and proposal of a therapy protocol. Douleurs 2014, 15, 264–277. 45. Hamonet, C.; Brock, I. Joint mobility and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, (EDS) new data based on 232 cases. J. Arthritis 2015, 4, 1–5. 46. Arthur, K.; Caldwell, K.; Forehand, S.; Davis, K. Pain control methods in use and perceived effectiveness by patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A descriptive study. Disabil. Rehabil. 2016, 38, 1063–1074. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 47. Ostrosky, F.; Gómez, M.E.; Matute, E.; Rosselli, M.; Ardila, A.P.D. Neuropsi: Atención y Memoria, 3rd ed.; Manual Moderno: Ciudad de México, México, 2019. 48. Beck, A.T.; Steer, R.A. Beck Anxiety Inventory: Manual; Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX, USA, 1993; 23p. 49. Beck, A.T.; Steer, R.A.; Brown, G.K. Beck Depression InventoryManual; Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX, USA, 1993; 38p. 50. Fernández, J.; Mielgo, L. Escalas de Apreciación del Estrés; Manual; TEA: Madrid, Spain, 2001. 51. Costa, P.T.; McCrae, R.R. The NEO-PI/NEO-FFI Manual Supplement; Psychological Assessment Resources: Odessa, FL, USA, 1989. 52. Mason, J.W.;Wang, S.; Yehuda, R.; Riney, S.; Charney, D.S.; Southwick, S.M. Psychogenic lowering of urinary cortisol levels linked to increased emotional numbing and a shame-depressive syndrome in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychosom. Med. 2001, 63, 387–401. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 53. Coordinators, N.R. Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016, 44, D7–D19. 54. The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature 2015, 526, 68–74. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 55. Karczewski, K.J.; Weisburd, B.; Thomas, B.; Solomonson, M.; Ruderfer, D.M.; Kavanagh, D.; Hamamsy, T.; Lek, M.; Samocha, K.E.; Cummings, B.B.; et al. The ExAC browser: Displaying reference data information from over 60,000 exomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017, 45, D840–D845. [CrossRef] 56. Karczewski, K.J.; Francioli, L.C.; Tiao, G.; Cummings, B.B.; Alföldi, J.; Wang, Q.; Collins, R.L.; Laricchia, K.M.; Ganna, A.; Birnbaum, D.P.; et al. The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans. Nature 2020, 581, 434–443. [CrossRef] 57. Vaser, R.; Adusumalli, S.; Leng, S.; Sikic, M.; Ng, P.C. SIFT missense predictions for genomes. Nat. Protoc. 2016, 11, 1–9. [CrossRef] 58. Adzhubei, I.; Jordan, D.M.; Sunyaev, S.R. Predicting functional effect of human missense mutations using PolyPhen-2. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 2013, 76, 7–20. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 59. Choi, Y.; Sims, G.E.; Murphy, S.; Miller, J.R.; Chan, A.P. Predicting the functional effect of amino acid substitutions and indels. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e46688. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 60. Rentzsch, P.; Witten, D.; Cooper, G.M.; Shendure, J.; Kircher, M. CADD: Predicting the deleteriousness of variants throughout the human genome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019, 47, D886–D894. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 61. Richards, S.; Aziz, N.; Bale, S.; Bick, D.; Das, S.; Gastier-Foster, J.; Grody,W.W.; Hegde, M.; Lyon, E.; Spector, E.; et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: A joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet. Med. 2015, 17, 405–424. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 62. Li, Q.;Wang, K. InterVar: Clinical Interpretation of Genetic Variants by the 2015 ACMG-AMP Guidelines. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2017, 100, 267–280. [CrossRef] 63. Kole, A.; Faurisson, F. Rare diseases social epidemiology: Analysis of inequalities. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2010, 686, 223–250. 64. Tinkle, B.T.; Bird, H.A.; Grahame, R.; Lavallee, M.; Levy, H.P.; Sillence, D. The lack of clinical distinction between the hypermobility type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and the joint hypermobility syndrome (a.k.a. hypermobility syndrome). Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A 2009, 149, 2368–2370. [CrossRef] 65. Bregant, T.; Spevak, M.K. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Not Just Joint Hypermobility. Case Rep. Med. 2018, 2018, 5053825. [CrossRef] 66. Barabas, A.P. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Associated with Prematurity and Premature Rupture of Foetal Membranes; Possible Increase in Incidence. BMJ 1966, 2, 682–684. [CrossRef] 67. Bravo, J. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, with special emphasis in the joint hypermobility syndrome. Rev. Med. Chil. 2009, 137, 1488–1497. 68. Scheper, M.C.; Nicholson, L.L.; Adams, R.D.; Tofts, L.; Pacey, V. The natural history of children with joint hypermobility syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos hypermobility type: A longitudinal cohort study. Rheumatology 2017, 56, 2073–2083. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 69. Osborn, T.G.; Lichtenstein, J.R.; Moore, T.L.;Weiss, T.; Zuckner, J. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome presenting as rheumatic manifestations in the child. J. Rheumatol. 1981, 8, 79–85. [PubMed] 70. Castori, M.; Morlino, S.; Pascolini, G.; Blundo, C.; Grammatico, P. Gastrointestinal and nutritional issues in joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2015, 169, 54–75. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 71. Fikree, A.; Chelimsky, G.; Collins, H.; Kovacic, K.; Aziz, Q. Gastrointestinal involvement in the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 181–187. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 72. Zarate, N.; Farmer, A.D.; Grahame, R.; Mohammed, S.D.; Knowles, C.H.; Scott, S.M.; Aziz, Q. Unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and joint hypermobility: Is connective tissue the missing link? Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 2010, 22, 252-e78. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 73. De Paepe, A.; Malfait, F. Bleeding and bruising in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and other collagen vascular disorders. Br. J. Haematol. 2004, 127, 491–500. [CrossRef] [PubMed 74. Haviarova, Z.; Janega, P.; Durdik, S.; Kovac, P.; Mraz, P.; Stvrtinova, V. Comparison of collagen subtype I and III presence in varicose and non-varicose vein walls. Bratisl. Lek. Listy 2008, 109, 102–105. 75. Sansilvestri-Morel, P.; Rupin, A.; Badier-Commander, C.; Kern, P.; Fabiani, J.-N.; Verbeuren, T.J.; Vanhoutte, P.M. Imbalance in the synthesis of collagen type I and collagen type III in smooth muscle cells derived from human varicose veins. J. Vasc. Res. 2001, 38, 560–568. [CrossRef] 76. Lim, C.S.; Davies, A.H. Pathogenesis of primary varicose veins. Br. J. Surg. 2009, 96, 1231–1242. [CrossRef] 77. Tinkle, B.T. Joint Hypermobility Handbook: A Guide for the Issues & Management of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Hypermobility Type and the Hypermobility Syndrome; Left Paw Press: Greens Fork, IN, USA, 2010; 251p. 78. Lammers, K.; Lince, S.L.; Spath, M.A.; van Kempen, L.C.; Hendriks, J.; Vierhout, M.E.; Kluivers, K.B. Pelvic organ prolapse and collagen-associated disorders. Int. Urogynecol. J. 2012, 23, 313–319. [CrossRef] 79. Ericson, W.B.; Wolman, R. Orthopaedic management of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 188–194. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 80. al-Rawi, Z.; Nessan, A.H. Joint hypermobility in patients with chondromalacia patellae. Br. J. Rheumatol. 1997, 36, 1324–1327. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 81. Sheehan, F.T.; Derasari, A.; Brindle, T.J.; Alter, K.E. Understanding patellofemoral pain with maltracking in the presence of joint laxity: Complete 3D in vivo patellofemoral and tibiofemoral kinematics. J. Orthop. Res. 2008, 27, 561–570. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 82. Stoler, J.M.; Oaklander, A.L. Patients with Ehlers Danlos syndrome and CRPS: A possible association? Pain 2006, 123, 204–209. [CrossRef] 83. Weir, F.W.; Hatch, J.L.; Muus, J.S.;Wallace, S.A.; Meyer, T.A. Audiologic Outcomes in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Otol. Neurotol. 2016, 37, 748–752. [CrossRef] 84. Chau, A.S.; Jongco, A.M. Allergic and Immunologic Dysregulation in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Case Series. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2018, 141, AB125. [CrossRef] 85. Smith, T.O.; Easton, V.; Bacon, H.; Jerman, E.; Armon, K.; Poland, F.; Macgregor, A.J. The relationship between benign joint hypermobility syndrome and psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology 2013, 53, 114–122. [CrossRef] 86. Rubio-Agusti, I.; Kojovic, M.; Chandrashekar, H.S.; Edwards, M.J.; Bhatia, K.P. Cervical dystonia and joint hypermobility syndrome: A dangerous combination. Mov. Disord. 2012, 27, 203–204. [CrossRef] 87. Walter, S. Case Report: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in an adolescent presenting with Chronic Daily Headache. Surg. Neurol. Int. 2014, 5, 475–478. [CrossRef] 88. Puledda, F.; Vigano, A.; Celletti, C.; Petolicchio, B.; Toscano, M.; Vicenzini, E.; Castori, M.; Laudani, G.; Valente, D.; Camerota, F.; et al. A study of migraine characteristics in joint hypermobility syndrome a.k.a. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type. Neurol. Sci. 2015, 36, 1417–1424. [CrossRef] 89. Mitra, A.; Ramakrishnan, R.; Kader, M.A. Open angle glaucoma in a case of Type IV Ehler Danlos syndrome: A rarely reported association. Indian J. Ophthalmol. 2014, 62, 880–884. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 90. Rodgers, K.; Gui, J.; Dinulos, M.B.P.; Chou, R.C. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type is associated with rheumatic diseases. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 39636. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 91. Dousa, K.M.; Khan, K.; Alencherry, B.; Deng, L.; Salata, R.A. Renal infarction in vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome masquerading as pyelonephritis. Clin. Case Rep. 2018, 6, 1478–1480. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 92. McIntosh, L.J.; Mallett, V.T.; Frahm, J.D.; A Richardson, D.; Evans, M.I. Gynecologic disorders in women with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig. 1995, 2, 559–564. [CrossRef] 93. Brunk, I.; Ikonomidou, C.; Neumann, L.M. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI with cystic malformations of the meninges in a 7-year-old girl. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2004, 163, 214–217. [CrossRef] 94. Grosveld,W.J.H.M.; Gilhuis, H.; Voermans, N. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a patient with classical type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Neurol. India 2011, 59, 633–634. 95. Castori, M.; Morlino, S.; Celletti, C.; Celli, M.; Morrone, A.; Colombi, M.; Camerota, F.; Grammatico, P. Management of pain and fatigue in the joint hypermobility syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type): Principles and proposal for a multidisciplinary approach. Am. J. Med. Genet. A 2012, 158, 2055–2270. [CrossRef] 96. Pavan, S.; Rommel, K.; Mateo-Marquina, M.E.; Höhn, S.; Lanneau, V.; Rath, A. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rare Diseases: The Orphanet Database. PLoS ONE 2017, 12, e0170365. [CrossRef] 97. Hamosh, A.; Scott, A.F.; Amberger, J.S.; Bocchini, C.A.; McKusick, V.A. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), a knowledgebase of human genes and genetic disorders. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005, 33, D514–D517. [CrossRef] 98. Spatz, M.A. Genetics Home Reference. J. Med. Libr. Assoc. 2004, 92, 282–283. 99. Stelzer, G.; Rosen, N.; Plaschkes, I.; Zimmerman, S.; Twik, M.; Fishilevich, S.; Stein, T.I.; Nudel, R.; Lieder, I.; Mazor, Y.; et al. The GeneCards Suite: From Gene Data Mining to Disease Genome Sequence Analyses. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 2016, 54, 1–30. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 100. Zou, Y.; Zwolanek, D.; Izu, Y.; Gandhy, S.; Schreiber, G.; Brockmann, K.; Devoto, M.; Tian, Z.; Hu, Y.; Veit, G.; et al. Recessive and dominant mutations in COL12A1 cause a novel EDS/myopathy overlap syndrome in humans and mice. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2013, 23, 2339–2352. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 101. Punetha, J.; Kesari, A.; Hoffman, E.P.; Gos, M.; Kami´ nska, A.; Kostera-Pruszczyk, A.; Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz, I.; Hu, Y.; Zou, Y.; Bönnemann, C.G.; et al. Novel Col12A1 variant expands the clinical picture of congenital myopathies with extracellular matrix defects. Muscle Nerve 2017, 55, 277–281. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 102. Delbaere, S.; Dhooge, T.; Syx, D.; Petit, F.; Goemans, N.; Destrée, A.; Vanakker, O.; De Rycke, R.; Symoens, S.; Malfait, F. Novel defects in collagen XII and VI expand the mixed myopathy/Ehlers–Danlos syndrome spectrum and lead to variant-specific alterations in the extracellular matrix. Genet. Med. 2020, 22, 112–123. [CrossRef] 103. Hohenester, E. Laminin G-like domains: Dystroglycan-specific lectins. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2019, 56, 56–63. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 104. Zou, Y.; Zwolanek, D.; Hu, Y.; Schreiber, G.; Brockmann, K.; Izu, Y.; Tian, Z.; Devoto, M.; Gandhy, S.; Meier, M.; et al. O.2 Collagen type XII: A new congenital matrix and muscle disease. Neuromuscul. Disord. 2013, 23, 739–740. [CrossRef] 105. Neuhaus, S.; Konersman, C.; Saade, D.; Donkervoort, S.; Ceulemans, S.; Magoulas, P.; Skalsky, A.; Friedman, J.; Malicki, D.; Bainbridge, M.; et al. P.382Recessive COL12A1 loss of function EDS/myopathy overlap syndrome: Confirmation and expansion of a consistently severe phenotype. Neuromuscul. Disord. 2019, 29, S193. [CrossRef] 106. Araújo, D.; Antunes, H. A novel mutation in the COL12A1 gene. Gene 2020, 768, 145266. [CrossRef] 107. Cazzato, D.; Castori, M.; Lombardi, R.; Caravello, F.; Bella, E.D.; Petrucci, A.; Grammatico, P.; Dordoni, C.; Colombi, M.; Lauria, G. Small fiber neuropathy is a common feature of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Neurology 2016, 87, 155–159. [CrossRef] 108. Voortman, M.; Fritz, D.; Vogels, O.J.M.; Eftimov, F.; Van De Beek, D.; Brouwer, M.C.; Drent, M. Small fiber neuropathy: A disabling and underrecognized syndrome. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 2017, 23, 447–457. [CrossRef] 109. Dusanic, M.; Dekomien, G.; Lücke, T.; Vorgerd, M.; Weis, J.; Epplen, J.T.; Köhler, C.; Hoffjan, S. Novel Nonsense Mutation in SLC39A13 Initially Presenting as Myopathy: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Mol. Syndromol. 2018, 9, 100–109. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 110. Izu, Y.; Sun, M.; Zwolanek, D.; Veit, G.; Williams, V.; Cha, B.; Jepsen, K.J.; Koch, M.; Birk, D.E. Type XII collagen regulates osteoblast polarity and communication during bone formation. J. Cell Biol. 2011, 193, 1115–1130. [CrossRef] [PubMed] |
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
2118 |
dc.coverage.temporal.none.fl_str_mv |
13 |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Maestría en Psicología de la Salud |
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv |
Maestría en Psicología de la Salud |
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv |
Medellín |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Maestría en Psicología de la Salud |
institution |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/634bdabc-30fd-4b25-8ae0-198463f287d9/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/1547e0d4-dbcc-4f5e-8508-633ccb7a32f9/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/69025342-d1bd-40ae-8bf6-69eb994d7d83/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/a550a958-fcc9-4ff9-afb0-aa19e55113e9/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/2d3a7088-151b-433f-a1b7-f98e0b7092e6/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/70e16ec8-61d1-477f-a73b-37bcd1c763a5/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/22fcf729-e70f-4815-9bce-8edb53ad5e30/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
e4144d75bfd22bebc48d0eb631f1180e 887de21e0009c45e0630e81bb3d64988 3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45 fe7be19b3e7b1d9d00c10287ac6c627c 8615d7d62ff980081190741c309842ac e5f2d542d72c1540c85b57fb62a896c5 47965e195a88bbd7694368e859bab7a6 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdigital@metabiblioteca.com |
_version_ |
1811565123313074176 |
spelling |
Fajardo-Jiménez, María JoséTejada-Moreno, Johanna A.Mejía-García, AlejandroVillegas-Lanau, AndrésZapata Builes, WildemanRestrepo, Jorge E.Cuartas, Gina P.Hernández López, Juan Carlos132023-08-03T16:56:45Z2023-08-03T16:56:45Z2022-11-152073-4425https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13112118https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/52306Fajardo-Jiménez, M.J.; Tejada-Moreno, J.A.; Mejía-García, A.; Villegas-Lanau, A.; Zapata-Builes,W.; Restrepo, J.E.; Cuartas, G.P.; Hernandez, J.C. Ehlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a ColombianWoman with Multiple Comorbidities. Genes 2022, 13, 2118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ genes13112118Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a heterogeneous group of genetically transmitted connective tissue disorders that directly affect collagen synthesis, with a broad range of symptoms. Case presentation: This study presents a clinical case of a Colombian woman with myopathic EDS and multiple comorbidities taking 40 years of medical history to make the right diagnosis. This article also presents a review of the current literature on EDS, not only to remind the syndrome but also to help the clinician correctly identify symptoms of this diverse syndrome. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of the patient, including clinical and molecular analysis, and neuropsychological and psychological assessment, is important to improve the treatment choice and the outcome prediction of the patients.Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a heterogeneous group of genetically transmitted connective tissue disorders that directly affect collagen synthesis, with a broad range of symptoms. Case presentation: This study presents a clinical case of a Colombian woman with myopathic EDS and multiple comorbidities taking 40 years of medical history to make the right diagnosis. This article also presents a review of the current literature on EDS, not only to remind the syndrome but also to help the clinician correctly identify symptoms of this diverse syndrome. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of the patient, including clinical and molecular analysis, and neuropsychological and psychological assessment, is important to improve the treatment choice and the outcome prediction of the patients.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000157775https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000283088https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001114948https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7351-8738https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-5698https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-1560https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000011355https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000011355https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000004241wildeman.zapatab@campusucc.edu.cojuanc.hernandezl@campusucc.edu.cogina.cuartasm@campusucc.edu.cohttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VLZxl1UAAAAJ&hl=frhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fo79p5QAAAAJ&hl=frhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=fr&user=xSOiCrsAAAAJ2118MDPIUniversidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Maestría en Psicología de la SaludMaestría en Psicología de la SaludMedellínhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2118Genes1. Yeowell, H.N.; Pinnell, S.R. The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Semin. Dermatol. 1993, 12, 229–240. [PubMed]2. Callewaert, B.; Malfait, F.; Loeys, B.; De Paepe, A. Ehlers-Danlos syndromes and Marfan syndrome. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. 2008, 22, 165–189. [CrossRef] [PubMed]3. Tinkle, B.; Castori, M.; Berglund, B.; Cohen, H.; Grahame, R.; Kazkaz, H.; Levy, H. Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome Type III and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobility type): Clinical description and natural history. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 48–69. [CrossRef] [PubMed]4. Malfait, F.; Francomano, C.; Byers, P.; Belmont, J.; Berglund, B.; Black, J.; Bloom, L.; Bowen, J.M.; Brady, A.F.; Burrows, N.P.; et al. The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 8–26. [CrossRef] [PubMed]5. Beighton, P.; De Paepe, A.; Steinmann, B.; Tsipouras, P.; Wenstrup, R.J. Ehlers-danlos syndromes: Revised nosology, Villefranche, 1997. Am. J. Med. Genet. 1998, 77, 31–37. [CrossRef]De Paepe, A.; Malfait, F. The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a disorder with many faces. Clin. Genet. 2012, 82, 1–11. [CrossRef]7. Henderson, F.C.; Austin, C.; Benzel, E.; Bolognese, P.; Ellenbogen, R.; Francomano, C.A.; Ireton, C.; Klinge, P.; Koby, M.; Long, D.; et al. Neurological and spinal manifestations of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes; Neurological and spinal manifestations of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 195–211. [CrossRef]8. Bulbena, A.; Pailhez, G.; Bulbena-Cabré, A.; Mallorquí-Bagué, N.; Baeza-Velasco, C. Joint hypermobility, anxiety and psychosomatics: Two and a half decades of progress toward a new phenotype. Adv. Psychosom. Med. 2015, 34, 143–157.9. Pasquini, M.; Celletti, C.; Berardelli, I.; Roselli, V.; Mastroeni, S.; Castori, M.; Biondi, M.; Camerota, F. Unexpected association between joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Rheumatol. Int. 2014, 34, 631–636. [CrossRef]10. Voermans, N.C.; Knoop, H.; van de Kamp, N.; Hamel, B.C.; Bleijenberg, G.; van Engelen, B.G. Fatigue Is a Frequent and Clinically Relevant Problem in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 2010, 40, 267–274. [CrossRef]11. Baeza-Velasco, C.; Bourdon, C.; Polanco-Carrasco, R.; De Jouvencel, M.; Gely-Nargeot, M.-C.; Gompel, A.; Hamonet, C. Cognitive impairment in women with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type. Rheumatol. Int. 2017, 37, 937–939. [CrossRef] [PubMed]12. Symoens, S.; Malfait, F.; Renard, M.; André, J.; Hausser, I.; Loeys, B.; Coucke, P.; De Paepe, A. COL5A1 signal peptide mutations interfere with protein secretion and cause classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Hum. Mutat. 2008, 30, E395–E403. [CrossRef] [PubMed]13. Malfait, F.; Coucke, P.; Symoens, S.; Loeys, B.; Nuytinck, L.; De Paepe, A. The molecular basis of classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A comprehensive study of biochemical and molecular findings in 48 unrelated patients. Hum. Mutat. 2004, 25, 28–37. [CrossRef] [PubMed]14. Viglio, S.; Zoppi, N.; Sangalli, A.; Gallanti, A.; Barlati, S.; Mottes, M.; Colombi, M.; Valli, M. Rescue of migratory defects of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome fibroblasts in vitro by type V collagen but not insulin-like binding protein-1. J. Investig. Dermatol. 2008, 128, 1915–1919. [CrossRef] [PubMed]15. Birk, D.E. Type V collagen: Heterotypic type I/V collagen interactions in the regulation of fibril assembly. Micron 2000, 32, 223–237. [CrossRef]16. Schalkwijk, J.; Zweers, M.C.; Steijlen, P.M.; Dean, W.B.; Taylor, G.; van Vlijmen, I.M.; van Haren, B.; Miller, W.L.; Bristow, J. A Recessive Form of the Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Caused by Tenascin-X Deficiency. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002, 345, 1167–1175. [CrossRef]17. Malfait, F.; Symoens, S.; Coucke, P.; Nunes, L.; De Almeida, S.; De Paepe, A. Total absence of the alpha2(I) chain of collagen type I causes a rare form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with hypermobility and propensity to cardiac valvular problems. J. Med. Genet. 2005, 43, e36. [CrossRef]18. Leistritz, D.F.; Pepin, M.G.; Schwarze, U.; Byers, P.H. COL3A1 haploinsufficiency results in a variety of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV with delayed onset of complications and longer life expectancy. Genet. Med. 2011, 13, 717–722. [CrossRef]19. Yeowell, H.; Steinmann, B. PLOD1-Related Kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. In GeneReviews; Adam, M.P., Everman, D.B., Mirzaa, G.M., Eds.; University of Washington: Seattle, WA, USA, 2000. Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK1462/ (accessed on 12 September 2022).20. Giunta, C.; Superti-Furga, A.; Spranger, S.; Cole, W.G.; Steinmann, B. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII: Clinical features and molecular defects. JBJS 1999, 81, 225–238. [CrossRef]21. Byers, P.H.; Duvic, M.; Atkinson, M.; Robinow, M.; Smith, L.T.; Krane, S.M.; Greally, M.T.; Ludman, M.; Matalon, R.; Pauker, S.; et al. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIA and VIIB result from splice-junction mutations or genomic deletions that involve exon 6 in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes of type I collagen. Am. J. Med. Genet. 1997, 72, 94–105. [CrossRef]22. Colige, A.; Sieron, A.L.; Li, S.-W.; Schwarze, U.; Petty, E.;Wertelecki,W.;Wilcox,W.; Krakow, D.; Cohn, D.H.; Reardon,W.; et al. Human Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type VII C and Bovine Dermatosparaxis Are Caused by Mutations in the Procollagen I N-Proteinase Gene. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1999, 65, 308–317. [CrossRef] [PubMed]23. Malfait, F.; De Paepe, A. The Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. In Progress in Heritable Soft Connective Tissue Diseases; Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; Halper, J., Ed.; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2014; Volume 802. [CrossRef]24. Mitchell, A.L.; Schwarze, U.; Jennings, J.F.; Byers, P.H. Molecular mechanisms of classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Hum. Mutat. 2009, 30, 995–1002. [CrossRef] [PubMed]25. Symoens, S.; Syx, D.; Malfait, F.; Callewaert, B.; De Backer, J.; Vanakker, O.; Coucke, P.; De Paepe, A. Comprehensive molecular analysis demonstrates type V collagen mutations in over 90% of patients with classic EDS and allows to refine diagnostic criteria. Hum. Mutat. 2012, 33, 1485–1493. [CrossRef] [PubMed]26. Juul-Kristensen, B.; Rogind, H.; Jensen, D.V.; Remvig, L. Inter-examiner reproducibility of tests and criteria for generalized joint hypermobility and benign joint hypermobility syndrome. Rheumatology 2007, 46, 1835–1841. [CrossRef] [PubMed]27. Zweers, M.C.; Dean, W.B.; van Kuppevelt, T.H.; Bristow, J.; Schalkwijk, J. Elastic fiber abnormalities in hypermobility type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome patients with tenascin-X mutations. Clin. Genet. 2005, 67, 330–334. [CrossRef]28. Danielson, K.G.; Baribault, H.; Holmes, D.F.; Graham, H.; Kadler, K.E.; Iozzo, R.V. Targeted disruption of decorin leads to abnormal collagen fibril morphology and skin fragility. J. Cell Biol. 1997, 136, 729–743. [CrossRef]29. Svensson, L.; Aszódi, A.; Reinholt, F.P.; Fässler, R.; Heinegård, D.; Oldberg, Å. Fibromodulin-null mice have abnormal collagen fibrils, tissue organization, and altered lumican deposition in tendon. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274, 9636–9647. [CrossRef]30. Chakravarti, S.; Magnuson, T.; Lass, J.H.; Jepsen, K.J.; LaMantia, C.; Carroll, H. Lumican regulates collagen fibril assembly: Skin fragility and corneal opacity in the absence of lumican. J. Cell Biol. 1998, 141, 1277–1286. [CrossRef]31. Mao, J.R.; Bristow, J. The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: On beyond collagens. J. Clin. Investig. 2001, 107, 1063–1069. [CrossRef]32. Hamonet, C.; Brissot, R.; Gompel, A.; Baeza-Velasco, C.; Guinchat, V.; Brock, I.; Ducret, L.; Pommeret, S.; Metlaine, A. Prospective Study of 853 Patients. EC Neurol. 2018, 10, 428–439.33. Sulli, A.; Talarico, R.; Scirè, C.A.; Avcin, T.; Castori, M.; Ferraris, A.; Frank, C.; Grunert, J.; Paolino, S.; Bombardieri, S.; et al. Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: State of the art on clinical practice guidelines. RMD Open 2018, 4, e000790. [CrossRef] [PubMed]34. Baeza-Velasco, C.; Gély-Nargeot, M.C.; Vilarrasa, A.B.; Bravo, J.F. Joint hypermobility syndrome: Problems that require psychological intervention. Rheumatol. Int. 2011, 31, 1131–1136. [CrossRef] [PubMed]35. Lee, M.; Strand, M. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome in a young woman with anorexia nervosa and complex somatic symptoms. Int. J. Eat. Disord. 2017, 51, 281–284. [CrossRef] [PubMed]36. Zhou, Z.; Rewari, A.; Shanthanna, H. Management of chronic pain in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Medicine 2018, 97, e13115. [CrossRef] [PubMed]37. Sacheti, A.; Szemere, J.; Bernstein, B.; Tafas, T.; Schechter, N.; Tsipouras, P. Chronic pain is a manifestation of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J. Pain Symptom Manag. 1997, 14, 88–93. [CrossRef]38. Voermans, N.C.; Knoop, H.; Bleijenberg, G.; Van Engelen, B.G. Pain in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is common, severe, and associated with functional impairment. J. Pain Symptom Manag. 2010, 40, 370–378. [CrossRef]39. Brady, A.F.; Demirdas, S.; Fournel-Gigleux, S.; Ghali, N.; Giunta, C.; Kapferer-Seebacher, I.; Kosho, T.; Mendoza-Londono, R.; Pope, M.F.; Rohrbach, M.; et al. The Ehlers–Danlos syndromes, rare types. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 70–115. [CrossRef]40. Shimizu, K.; Okamoto, N.; Miyake, N.; Taira, K.; Sato, Y.; Matsuda, K.; Akimaru, N.; Ohashi, H.;Wakui, K.; Fukushima, Y.; et al. Delineation of dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 deficient Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: Observation of two additional patients and comprehensive review of 20 reported patients. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A 2011, 155, 1949–1958. [CrossRef]41. Kosho, T. CHST14/D4ST1 deficiency: New form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Pediatr. Int. 2016, 58, 88–99. [CrossRef]42. Castori, M.; Morlino, S.; Celletti, C.; Ghibellini, G.; Bruschini, M.; Grammatico, P.; Blundo, C.; Camerota, F. Re-writing the natural history of pain and related symptoms in the joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A 2013, 161, 2989–3004. [CrossRef]43. Chopra, P.; Tinkle, B.; Hamonet, C.; Brock, I.; Gompel, A.; Bulbena, A.; Francomano, C. Pain management in the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 212–219. [CrossRef]44. Hamonet, C.; Gompel, A.; Raffray, Y.; Zeitoun, J.D.; Delarue, M.; Vlamynck, E.; Haidari, R.; Mazaltarinej, G. Multiple pains in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Description and proposal of a therapy protocol. Douleurs 2014, 15, 264–277.45. Hamonet, C.; Brock, I. Joint mobility and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, (EDS) new data based on 232 cases. J. Arthritis 2015, 4, 1–5.46. Arthur, K.; Caldwell, K.; Forehand, S.; Davis, K. Pain control methods in use and perceived effectiveness by patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A descriptive study. Disabil. Rehabil. 2016, 38, 1063–1074. [CrossRef] [PubMed]47. Ostrosky, F.; Gómez, M.E.; Matute, E.; Rosselli, M.; Ardila, A.P.D. Neuropsi: Atención y Memoria, 3rd ed.; Manual Moderno: Ciudad de México, México, 2019.48. Beck, A.T.; Steer, R.A. Beck Anxiety Inventory: Manual; Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX, USA, 1993; 23p.49. Beck, A.T.; Steer, R.A.; Brown, G.K. Beck Depression InventoryManual; Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX, USA, 1993; 38p.50. Fernández, J.; Mielgo, L. Escalas de Apreciación del Estrés; Manual; TEA: Madrid, Spain, 2001.51. Costa, P.T.; McCrae, R.R. The NEO-PI/NEO-FFI Manual Supplement; Psychological Assessment Resources: Odessa, FL, USA, 1989.52. Mason, J.W.;Wang, S.; Yehuda, R.; Riney, S.; Charney, D.S.; Southwick, S.M. Psychogenic lowering of urinary cortisol levels linked to increased emotional numbing and a shame-depressive syndrome in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychosom. Med. 2001, 63, 387–401. [CrossRef] [PubMed]53. Coordinators, N.R. Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016, 44, D7–D19.54. The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature 2015, 526, 68–74. [CrossRef] [PubMed]55. Karczewski, K.J.; Weisburd, B.; Thomas, B.; Solomonson, M.; Ruderfer, D.M.; Kavanagh, D.; Hamamsy, T.; Lek, M.; Samocha, K.E.; Cummings, B.B.; et al. The ExAC browser: Displaying reference data information from over 60,000 exomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017, 45, D840–D845. [CrossRef]56. Karczewski, K.J.; Francioli, L.C.; Tiao, G.; Cummings, B.B.; Alföldi, J.; Wang, Q.; Collins, R.L.; Laricchia, K.M.; Ganna, A.; Birnbaum, D.P.; et al. The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans. Nature 2020, 581, 434–443. [CrossRef]57. Vaser, R.; Adusumalli, S.; Leng, S.; Sikic, M.; Ng, P.C. SIFT missense predictions for genomes. Nat. Protoc. 2016, 11, 1–9. [CrossRef]58. Adzhubei, I.; Jordan, D.M.; Sunyaev, S.R. Predicting functional effect of human missense mutations using PolyPhen-2. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 2013, 76, 7–20. [CrossRef] [PubMed]59. Choi, Y.; Sims, G.E.; Murphy, S.; Miller, J.R.; Chan, A.P. Predicting the functional effect of amino acid substitutions and indels. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e46688. [CrossRef] [PubMed]60. Rentzsch, P.; Witten, D.; Cooper, G.M.; Shendure, J.; Kircher, M. CADD: Predicting the deleteriousness of variants throughout the human genome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019, 47, D886–D894. [CrossRef] [PubMed]61. Richards, S.; Aziz, N.; Bale, S.; Bick, D.; Das, S.; Gastier-Foster, J.; Grody,W.W.; Hegde, M.; Lyon, E.; Spector, E.; et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: A joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet. Med. 2015, 17, 405–424. [CrossRef] [PubMed]62. Li, Q.;Wang, K. InterVar: Clinical Interpretation of Genetic Variants by the 2015 ACMG-AMP Guidelines. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2017, 100, 267–280. [CrossRef]63. Kole, A.; Faurisson, F. Rare diseases social epidemiology: Analysis of inequalities. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2010, 686, 223–250.64. Tinkle, B.T.; Bird, H.A.; Grahame, R.; Lavallee, M.; Levy, H.P.; Sillence, D. The lack of clinical distinction between the hypermobility type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and the joint hypermobility syndrome (a.k.a. hypermobility syndrome). Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A 2009, 149, 2368–2370. [CrossRef]65. Bregant, T.; Spevak, M.K. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Not Just Joint Hypermobility. Case Rep. Med. 2018, 2018, 5053825. [CrossRef]66. Barabas, A.P. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Associated with Prematurity and Premature Rupture of Foetal Membranes; Possible Increase in Incidence. BMJ 1966, 2, 682–684. [CrossRef]67. Bravo, J. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, with special emphasis in the joint hypermobility syndrome. Rev. Med. Chil. 2009, 137, 1488–1497.68. Scheper, M.C.; Nicholson, L.L.; Adams, R.D.; Tofts, L.; Pacey, V. The natural history of children with joint hypermobility syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos hypermobility type: A longitudinal cohort study. Rheumatology 2017, 56, 2073–2083. [CrossRef] [PubMed]69. Osborn, T.G.; Lichtenstein, J.R.; Moore, T.L.;Weiss, T.; Zuckner, J. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome presenting as rheumatic manifestations in the child. J. Rheumatol. 1981, 8, 79–85. [PubMed]70. Castori, M.; Morlino, S.; Pascolini, G.; Blundo, C.; Grammatico, P. Gastrointestinal and nutritional issues in joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2015, 169, 54–75. [CrossRef] [PubMed]71. Fikree, A.; Chelimsky, G.; Collins, H.; Kovacic, K.; Aziz, Q. Gastrointestinal involvement in the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 181–187. [CrossRef] [PubMed]72. Zarate, N.; Farmer, A.D.; Grahame, R.; Mohammed, S.D.; Knowles, C.H.; Scott, S.M.; Aziz, Q. Unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and joint hypermobility: Is connective tissue the missing link? Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 2010, 22, 252-e78. [CrossRef] [PubMed]73. De Paepe, A.; Malfait, F. Bleeding and bruising in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and other collagen vascular disorders. Br. J. Haematol. 2004, 127, 491–500. [CrossRef] [PubMed74. Haviarova, Z.; Janega, P.; Durdik, S.; Kovac, P.; Mraz, P.; Stvrtinova, V. Comparison of collagen subtype I and III presence in varicose and non-varicose vein walls. Bratisl. Lek. Listy 2008, 109, 102–105.75. Sansilvestri-Morel, P.; Rupin, A.; Badier-Commander, C.; Kern, P.; Fabiani, J.-N.; Verbeuren, T.J.; Vanhoutte, P.M. Imbalance in the synthesis of collagen type I and collagen type III in smooth muscle cells derived from human varicose veins. J. Vasc. Res. 2001, 38, 560–568. [CrossRef]76. Lim, C.S.; Davies, A.H. Pathogenesis of primary varicose veins. Br. J. Surg. 2009, 96, 1231–1242. [CrossRef]77. Tinkle, B.T. Joint Hypermobility Handbook: A Guide for the Issues & Management of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Hypermobility Type and the Hypermobility Syndrome; Left Paw Press: Greens Fork, IN, USA, 2010; 251p.78. Lammers, K.; Lince, S.L.; Spath, M.A.; van Kempen, L.C.; Hendriks, J.; Vierhout, M.E.; Kluivers, K.B. Pelvic organ prolapse and collagen-associated disorders. Int. Urogynecol. J. 2012, 23, 313–319. [CrossRef]79. Ericson, W.B.; Wolman, R. Orthopaedic management of the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2017, 175, 188–194. [CrossRef] [PubMed]80. al-Rawi, Z.; Nessan, A.H. Joint hypermobility in patients with chondromalacia patellae. Br. J. Rheumatol. 1997, 36, 1324–1327. [CrossRef] [PubMed]81. Sheehan, F.T.; Derasari, A.; Brindle, T.J.; Alter, K.E. Understanding patellofemoral pain with maltracking in the presence of joint laxity: Complete 3D in vivo patellofemoral and tibiofemoral kinematics. J. Orthop. Res. 2008, 27, 561–570. [CrossRef] [PubMed]82. Stoler, J.M.; Oaklander, A.L. Patients with Ehlers Danlos syndrome and CRPS: A possible association? Pain 2006, 123, 204–209. [CrossRef]83. Weir, F.W.; Hatch, J.L.; Muus, J.S.;Wallace, S.A.; Meyer, T.A. Audiologic Outcomes in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Otol. Neurotol. 2016, 37, 748–752. [CrossRef]84. Chau, A.S.; Jongco, A.M. Allergic and Immunologic Dysregulation in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Case Series. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2018, 141, AB125. [CrossRef]85. Smith, T.O.; Easton, V.; Bacon, H.; Jerman, E.; Armon, K.; Poland, F.; Macgregor, A.J. The relationship between benign joint hypermobility syndrome and psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology 2013, 53, 114–122. [CrossRef]86. Rubio-Agusti, I.; Kojovic, M.; Chandrashekar, H.S.; Edwards, M.J.; Bhatia, K.P. Cervical dystonia and joint hypermobility syndrome: A dangerous combination. Mov. Disord. 2012, 27, 203–204. [CrossRef]87. Walter, S. Case Report: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in an adolescent presenting with Chronic Daily Headache. Surg. Neurol. Int. 2014, 5, 475–478. [CrossRef]88. Puledda, F.; Vigano, A.; Celletti, C.; Petolicchio, B.; Toscano, M.; Vicenzini, E.; Castori, M.; Laudani, G.; Valente, D.; Camerota, F.; et al. A study of migraine characteristics in joint hypermobility syndrome a.k.a. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type. Neurol. Sci. 2015, 36, 1417–1424. [CrossRef]89. Mitra, A.; Ramakrishnan, R.; Kader, M.A. Open angle glaucoma in a case of Type IV Ehler Danlos syndrome: A rarely reported association. Indian J. Ophthalmol. 2014, 62, 880–884. [CrossRef] [PubMed]90. Rodgers, K.; Gui, J.; Dinulos, M.B.P.; Chou, R.C. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type is associated with rheumatic diseases. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 39636. [CrossRef] [PubMed]91. Dousa, K.M.; Khan, K.; Alencherry, B.; Deng, L.; Salata, R.A. Renal infarction in vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome masquerading as pyelonephritis. Clin. Case Rep. 2018, 6, 1478–1480. [CrossRef] [PubMed]92. McIntosh, L.J.; Mallett, V.T.; Frahm, J.D.; A Richardson, D.; Evans, M.I. Gynecologic disorders in women with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig. 1995, 2, 559–564. [CrossRef]93. Brunk, I.; Ikonomidou, C.; Neumann, L.M. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI with cystic malformations of the meninges in a 7-year-old girl. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2004, 163, 214–217. [CrossRef]94. Grosveld,W.J.H.M.; Gilhuis, H.; Voermans, N. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a patient with classical type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Neurol. India 2011, 59, 633–634.95. Castori, M.; Morlino, S.; Celletti, C.; Celli, M.; Morrone, A.; Colombi, M.; Camerota, F.; Grammatico, P. Management of pain and fatigue in the joint hypermobility syndrome (a.k.a. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type): Principles and proposal for a multidisciplinary approach. Am. J. Med. Genet. A 2012, 158, 2055–2270. [CrossRef]96. Pavan, S.; Rommel, K.; Mateo-Marquina, M.E.; Höhn, S.; Lanneau, V.; Rath, A. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rare Diseases: The Orphanet Database. PLoS ONE 2017, 12, e0170365. [CrossRef]97. Hamosh, A.; Scott, A.F.; Amberger, J.S.; Bocchini, C.A.; McKusick, V.A. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), a knowledgebase of human genes and genetic disorders. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005, 33, D514–D517. [CrossRef]98. Spatz, M.A. Genetics Home Reference. J. Med. Libr. Assoc. 2004, 92, 282–283.99. Stelzer, G.; Rosen, N.; Plaschkes, I.; Zimmerman, S.; Twik, M.; Fishilevich, S.; Stein, T.I.; Nudel, R.; Lieder, I.; Mazor, Y.; et al. The GeneCards Suite: From Gene Data Mining to Disease Genome Sequence Analyses. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 2016, 54, 1–30. [CrossRef] [PubMed]100. Zou, Y.; Zwolanek, D.; Izu, Y.; Gandhy, S.; Schreiber, G.; Brockmann, K.; Devoto, M.; Tian, Z.; Hu, Y.; Veit, G.; et al. Recessive and dominant mutations in COL12A1 cause a novel EDS/myopathy overlap syndrome in humans and mice. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2013, 23, 2339–2352. [CrossRef] [PubMed]101. Punetha, J.; Kesari, A.; Hoffman, E.P.; Gos, M.; Kami´ nska, A.; Kostera-Pruszczyk, A.; Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz, I.; Hu, Y.; Zou, Y.; Bönnemann, C.G.; et al. Novel Col12A1 variant expands the clinical picture of congenital myopathies with extracellular matrix defects. Muscle Nerve 2017, 55, 277–281. [CrossRef] [PubMed]102. Delbaere, S.; Dhooge, T.; Syx, D.; Petit, F.; Goemans, N.; Destrée, A.; Vanakker, O.; De Rycke, R.; Symoens, S.; Malfait, F. Novel defects in collagen XII and VI expand the mixed myopathy/Ehlers–Danlos syndrome spectrum and lead to variant-specific alterations in the extracellular matrix. Genet. Med. 2020, 22, 112–123. [CrossRef]103. Hohenester, E. Laminin G-like domains: Dystroglycan-specific lectins. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2019, 56, 56–63. [CrossRef] [PubMed]104. Zou, Y.; Zwolanek, D.; Hu, Y.; Schreiber, G.; Brockmann, K.; Izu, Y.; Tian, Z.; Devoto, M.; Gandhy, S.; Meier, M.; et al. O.2 Collagen type XII: A new congenital matrix and muscle disease. Neuromuscul. Disord. 2013, 23, 739–740. [CrossRef]105. Neuhaus, S.; Konersman, C.; Saade, D.; Donkervoort, S.; Ceulemans, S.; Magoulas, P.; Skalsky, A.; Friedman, J.; Malicki, D.; Bainbridge, M.; et al. P.382Recessive COL12A1 loss of function EDS/myopathy overlap syndrome: Confirmation and expansion of a consistently severe phenotype. Neuromuscul. Disord. 2019, 29, S193. [CrossRef]106. Araújo, D.; Antunes, H. A novel mutation in the COL12A1 gene. Gene 2020, 768, 145266. [CrossRef]107. Cazzato, D.; Castori, M.; Lombardi, R.; Caravello, F.; Bella, E.D.; Petrucci, A.; Grammatico, P.; Dordoni, C.; Colombi, M.; Lauria, G. Small fiber neuropathy is a common feature of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Neurology 2016, 87, 155–159. [CrossRef]108. Voortman, M.; Fritz, D.; Vogels, O.J.M.; Eftimov, F.; Van De Beek, D.; Brouwer, M.C.; Drent, M. Small fiber neuropathy: A disabling and underrecognized syndrome. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 2017, 23, 447–457. [CrossRef]109. Dusanic, M.; Dekomien, G.; Lücke, T.; Vorgerd, M.; Weis, J.; Epplen, J.T.; Köhler, C.; Hoffjan, S. Novel Nonsense Mutation in SLC39A13 Initially Presenting as Myopathy: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Mol. Syndromol. 2018, 9, 100–109. [CrossRef] [PubMed]110. Izu, Y.; Sun, M.; Zwolanek, D.; Veit, G.; Williams, V.; Cha, B.; Jepsen, K.J.; Koch, M.; Birk, D.E. Type XII collagen regulates osteoblast polarity and communication during bone formation. J. Cell Biol. 2011, 193, 1115–1130. [CrossRef] [PubMed]Ehlers-Danlos syndromes; genetic diseases; collagen; neuropsychological assessment; case reportEhlers-Danlos syndromesgenetic diseases; collagenneuropsychological assessmentcase reportEhlers-Danlos: A Literature Review and Case Report in a Colombian Woman with Multiple ComorbiditiesArtículos Científicoshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2PublicationORIGINALgenes Ehlers Danlos.pdfgenes Ehlers Danlos.pdfapplication/pdf1452289https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/634bdabc-30fd-4b25-8ae0-198463f287d9/downloade4144d75bfd22bebc48d0eb631f1180eMD51Licencia de uso EHLER DHANLOS.pdfLicencia de uso EHLER DHANLOS.pdfapplication/pdf702157https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/1547e0d4-dbcc-4f5e-8508-633ccb7a32f9/download887de21e0009c45e0630e81bb3d64988MD53LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/69025342-d1bd-40ae-8bf6-69eb994d7d83/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD52TEXTgenes Ehlers Danlos.pdf.txtgenes Ehlers Danlos.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain80753https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/a550a958-fcc9-4ff9-afb0-aa19e55113e9/downloadfe7be19b3e7b1d9d00c10287ac6c627cMD54Licencia de uso EHLER DHANLOS.pdf.txtLicencia de uso EHLER DHANLOS.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain5796https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/2d3a7088-151b-433f-a1b7-f98e0b7092e6/download8615d7d62ff980081190741c309842acMD56THUMBNAILgenes Ehlers Danlos.pdf.jpggenes Ehlers Danlos.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16379https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/70e16ec8-61d1-477f-a73b-37bcd1c763a5/downloade5f2d542d72c1540c85b57fb62a896c5MD55Licencia de uso EHLER DHANLOS.pdf.jpgLicencia de uso EHLER DHANLOS.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg13241https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/22fcf729-e70f-4815-9bce-8edb53ad5e30/download47965e195a88bbd7694368e859bab7a6MD5720.500.12494/52306oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/523062024-08-10 17:36:56.708open.accesshttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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 |