Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninos

La cardiomiopatía dilatada (CMD) es una enfermedad que afecta predominantemente a caninos de razas medianas, grandes y gigantes, caracterizada por disfunciones sistólicas y diastólicas que desencadenan insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva. Esta patología es asintomática en etapas iniciales, presenta un...

Full description

Autores:
Ariza Vargas, Vanessa
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/56665
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/56665
Palabra clave:
Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva
Biomarcadores
Troponina
Péptidos natriurétricos
Ecocardiografía
Congestive heart failure
Biomarkers
Troponin
Natriuretric peptides
Echocardiography
Rights
openAccess
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
id COOPER2_f150ab093689d32c4c384d76aca8d456
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/56665
network_acronym_str COOPER2
network_name_str Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninos
title Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninos
spellingShingle Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninos
Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva
Biomarcadores
Troponina
Péptidos natriurétricos
Ecocardiografía
Congestive heart failure
Biomarkers
Troponin
Natriuretric peptides
Echocardiography
title_short Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninos
title_full Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninos
title_fullStr Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninos
title_full_unstemmed Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninos
title_sort Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninos
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ariza Vargas, Vanessa
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Padilla Barreto, Mónica Yamile
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Ariza Vargas, Vanessa
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva
Biomarcadores
Troponina
Péptidos natriurétricos
Ecocardiografía
topic Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva
Biomarcadores
Troponina
Péptidos natriurétricos
Ecocardiografía
Congestive heart failure
Biomarkers
Troponin
Natriuretric peptides
Echocardiography
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Congestive heart failure
Biomarkers
Troponin
Natriuretric peptides
Echocardiography
description La cardiomiopatía dilatada (CMD) es una enfermedad que afecta predominantemente a caninos de razas medianas, grandes y gigantes, caracterizada por disfunciones sistólicas y diastólicas que desencadenan insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva. Esta patología es asintomática en etapas iniciales, presenta un desafío considerable en su diagnóstico temprano debido a su variabilidad clínica y a la falta de conciencia sobre la importancia de las evaluaciones cardíacas regulares tanto entre propietarios de mascotas como entre profesionales de la salud veterinaria. Los métodos diagnósticos tradicionales, como la auscultación, radiografías, ecocardiografía y electrocardiograma, son valiosos, pero su aplicación a veces resulta insuficiente para una detección temprana y precisa de la CMD. Además, la escasez de biomarcadores específicos y su limitado uso en la práctica clínica veterinaria agregan complejidad al proceso diagnóstico. La demora en el diagnóstico de la CMD conlleva a tratamientos tardíos y poco eficientes, lo que aumenta la mortalidad en los caninos afectados. Por tanto, es fundamental investigar y desarrollar enfoques más precisos y accesibles para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad, incluyendo la identificación de biomarcadores séricos específicos que puedan revolucionar la detección temprana y la evaluación del riesgo en los pacientes caninos. Este trabajo busca no solo educar a propietarios de mascotas y profesionales veterinarios sobre la importancia de la evaluación cardíaca regular, sino también promover la utilización de nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en la práctica clínica para ofrecer diagnósticos más integrales y tratamientos más efectivos. Al mejorar la conciencia y el acceso a métodos diagnósticos avanzados, se espera mejorar la calidad de vida de los caninos afectados por la CMD y avanzar en el campo de la 3 cardiología veterinaria.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-07-30T15:59:31Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-07-30T15:59:31Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2024-07-30
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv Ariza Vargas, V. (2024). Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninos. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/56665
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/56665
identifier_str_mv Ariza Vargas, V. (2024). Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninos. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/56665
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/56665
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv TIDHOLM, A., HÄGGSTRÖM, J., BORGARELLI, M., & TARDUCCI A. Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Part I: Aetiology, Clinical Characteristics, Epidemiology and Pathology. The Veterinary Journal, 162(2), 92–107 [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2024 Apr 17]. Available from: https://sci-hub.se/10.1053/tvjl.2001.0571
Kittleson MD. Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs and Cats - Circulatory System - MSD Veterinary Manual [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.msdvetmanual.com/circulatory-system/cardiomyopathy-in-dogs-and cats/dilated-cardiomyopathy-in-dogs-and-c
Holler PJ, Wess G. Sphericity index and E-point-to-septal-separation (EPSS) to diagnose dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers [Internet]. Vol. 28, Journal of veterinary internal medicine. J Vet Intern Med; 2014 [cited 2024 May 30]. 123–129 p. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24428318/
Simpson S, Rutland P, Rutland CS. Genomic Insights into Cardiomyopathies: A Comparative Cross-Species Review. Vet Sci [Internet]. 2017 Mar 1 [cited 2024 Jun 13];4(1). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5606618/
Dukes-McEwan J, Borgarelli M, Tidholm A, Vollmar AC, Häggström J. Proposed Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 5(2), 7–19 [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2024 May 30]. p. 13. Available from: https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1760-2734(06)70047-9
Borgarelli, M., Tarducci, A., Tidholm, A., & Häggström J. Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Part II: Pathophysiology and therapy. The Veterinary Journal. [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2024 Apr 17]. Available from: https://sci-hub.se/10.1053/tvjl.2001.0616
Vatnikov Y, Rudenko A, Rudenko P, Kulikov E, Karamyan A, Lutsay V, et al. Immune inflammatory concept of the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Vet World [Internet]. 2019 Sep 1 [cited 2024 Apr 17];12(9):1491. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6813603/
Syariah KB, Ilmu G. Cardiovascular-renal Axis Disroders in Dogs and Cats. 2021
Montoya Alonso JA. RACVE | Miocardiopatía dilatada canina: aspectos clínicos [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2024 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.racve.es/publicaciones/miocardiopatia-dilatada-canina-aspectos-clinicos/
Caivano D, Dickson D, Pariaut R, Stillman M, Rishniw M. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion-to-aortic ratio provides a bodyweight-independent measure of right ventricular systolic function in dogs. J Vet Cardiol. 2018 Apr 1;20(2):79–91.
McCauley SR, Clark SD, Quest BW, Streeter RM OE. Review of canine dilated cardiomyopathy in the wake of diet-associated concerns. Journal of Animal Science [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Apr 17]. Available from: https://sci hub.se/10.1093/jas/skaa155
Gaar-Humphreys KR, Spanjersberg TCF, Santarelli G, Grinwis GCM, Szatmári V, Roelen BAJ, et al. Genetic Basis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs and Its Potential as a Bidirectional Model. Anim an Open Access J from MDPI [Internet]. 2022 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Jun 13];12(13). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC9265105/
McNally EM, Golbus JR, Puckelwartz MJ. Genetic mutations and mechanisms in dilated cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest [Internet]. 2013 Jan 2 [cited 2024 Jun 14];123(1):19–26. 27 Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23281406/
Walker, A. L., DeFrancesco, T. C., Bonagura, J. D., Keene, B. W., Meurs, K. M., Tou, S. P., Kurtz, K., Aona, B., Barro, L., McManamey, A., Robertson, J., Adin DB. Association of diet with clinical outcomes in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology | 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.02.001 [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Jun 13]. Available from: https://sci hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2021.02.001
Freeman L, Rush J, Adin D, Weeks K, Antoon K, Brethel S, et al. Prospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs eating nontraditional or traditional diets and in dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 2022 Mar 1 [cited 2024 Jun 13];36(2):451–63. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jvim.16397
Freid KJ, Freeman LM, Rush JE, Cunningham SM, Davis MS, Karlin ET, et al. Retrospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Apr 17];35(1):58–67. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33345431
Kittleson MD, Keene B, Pion PD, Loyer CG. Results of the multicenter spaniel trial (MUST): taurine- and carnitine-responsive dilated cardiomyopathy in American cocker spaniels with decreased plasma taurine concentration. J Vet Intern Med. 1997;11(4):204–11.
Basili M, Pedro B, Hodgkiss-Geere H, Navarro-Cubas X, Graef N, Dukes-McEwan J. Low plasma taurine levels in English cocker spaniels diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Small Anim Pract. 2021 Jul 1;62(7):570–9.
Kaplan JL, Stern JA, Fascetti AJ, Larsen JA, Skolnik H, Peddle GD, et al. Taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers fed commercial diets. PLoS One. 2018 Dec 1;13(12).
Bélanger MC, Ouellet M, Queney G, Moreau M. Taurine-deficient dilated cardiomyopathy in a family of golden retrievers. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2005;41(5):284–91.
Sanderson SL. Taurine and carnitine in canine cardiomyopathy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract [Internet]. 2006 Nov [cited 2024 Apr 17];36(6):1325–43. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17085238/
Smith CE, Parnell LD, Lai CQ, Rush JE, Freeman LM. Investigation of diets associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs using foodomics analysis. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2021;11(1):1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94464-2
Roche-Catholy M, Van Cappellen I, Locquet L, Broeckx BJG, Paepe D, Smets P. Clinical relevance of serum electrolytes in dogs and cats with acute heart failure: A retrospective study. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 2021 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Apr 17];35(4):1652–62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34096660/
Smith CE, Parnell LD, Lai CQ, Rush JE, Adin DB, Ordovás JM, et al. Metabolomic profiling in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy eating non-traditional or traditional diets and in healthy controls. Sci Reports 2022 121 [Internet]. 2022 Dec 30 [cited 2024 Apr 17];12(1):1–14. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-26322-8
López Álvarez, J. Santiago, J. A. Fernández del Palacio MJ. Una actualización práctica CARDIOLOGÍA CANINA 2 PONENTES. 2016;33.
Rhee SS, Pearce EN. The Endocrine System and the Heart: A Review. Rev Española Cardiol (English Ed [Internet]. 2011 Mar 1 [cited 2024 Apr 17];64(3):220–31. Available from: http://www.revespcardiol.org/en-the-endocrine-system-heart-a-articulo S1885585710000745
Beier P, Reese S, Holler PJ, Simak J, Tater G, Wess G. The Role of Hypothyroidism in the Etiology and Progression of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 2015 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Apr 17];29(1):141. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4858054/
Kalil RFT. Cardiomiopatia dilatada em cão com hipotireoidismo e megaesôfago. Pubvet. 2023 Apr 7;17(4):e1366
Bilhalva M, Costa PPC. O hipotireoidismo canino e seus efeitos sobre o sistema cardiovascular. Pubvet. 2020 May 1;14(04)
Riggs AH, Rhinehart J, Cooper ES. Possible development and resolution of dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype secondary to atypical hypoadrenocorticism in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care [Internet]. 2023 Sep 1 [cited 2024 Jun 13];33(5):606–12. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/vec.13321
López AG, González GP, Quert AL, Recarey MV. Aldosterona: sus implicaciones en las enfermedades del corazón. CorSalud [Internet]. 2016 Jul 24 [cited 2024 Apr 17];8(3):177–82. Available from: https://revcorsalud.sld.cu/index.php/cors/article/view/138/328
Klein BG. Cunninhgham’s Textbook of Veterinary Phisiology, Shith Edition [Internet]. 2016. Available from: http://evolve.elsevier.com/Seeram/YOU’VEJUSTPURCHASED
Simpson S, Kordtomeikel KZ, Wong S, Bennison S, El-Gendy SAA, Cobb M, et al. Diagnosis, Prognosis, Management, Treatment, Research and Advances in Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Canine Genet Heal Med [Internet]. 2021 May 5 [cited 2024 Apr 18]; Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/76601
Castillo E, Pabaña JP, Rubio P, Alvarado J, Maldonado M. Determinación del índice cardíaco vertebral en perros de raza mestiza. Salud y Tecnol Vet. 2020;8(1):14–8.
Cagua L. Cardiomiopatía dilatada canina abordaje y diagnóstico clínico [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 Apr 18]. Available from: https://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/bitstream/001/423/1/RUNILLANOS MV0828/CARDIOMIOPATIA DILATADA CANINA ABORDAJE Y DIAGNOSTICO CLINICO pdf
Rabanal M. Valoraciones radiográficas del tamaño cardiaco y de la aurícula izquierda. ecGVETERINARIA. 2014;1:10–5.
Malcom EL, Visser LC. Diagnostic value of vertebral left atrial size as determined from thoracic radiographs for assessment of left atrial size in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Javma. 2018;253(8):5–7.
Ponikowski, P., Voors, A. A., Anker, S. D., Bueno, H., Cleland, J. G. F., Coats, A. J. S., … van der Meer P. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal, 37(27), 2129–2200 [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2024 Apr 18]. Available from: https://sci-hub.se/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128
Wess G, Domenech O, Dukes-McEwan J, Häggström J, Gordon S. European Society of Veterinary Cardiology screening guidelines for dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. J Vet Cardiol. 2017;19(5):405–15.
Bonagura JD, Visser LC. Echocardiographic assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. J Vet Cardiol. 2022 Apr 1;40:15–50.
Conrado ALV, Corredor-Castillo AS, Cardoso F, Ramos CC, Bruno CEM. Ecocardiografía en clínicas veterinarias de pequeños animales: Informe práctico para los estudiantes en fase de pasantía profesional. Rev Electron Vet. 2016;17(12).
Spalla I, Payne JR, Borgeat K, Pope A, Fuentes VL, Connolly DJ. Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion and Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 May 1 [cited 2024 Jun 13];31(3):691–9. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jvim.14697
Visser LC. Right Ventricular Function: Imaging Techniques. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2017 Sep 1;47(5):989–1003.
Dussán Lozada R, Buriticá Gaviria EF. Interpretación práctica del reporte ecocardiográfico en caninos Practical interpretation of echocadiographic report in dogs. Maderas Cienc y Tecnol. 2010;10(1):61–8.
Klüser L, Maier ET, Wess G. Evaluation of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay compared to a first-generation cardiac troponin I assay in Doberman Pinschers with and without dilated cardiomyopathy. 2018;
De la Fuente J, Porteiro D MA. Biomarcadores cardiacos en pequeños animales Cardiac biomarkers in small animals Introducción. Clin Vet Peq Anim. 2019;2019(4):199–205.
Álvarez I, Uribe A, Duarte S. Biomarcadores de la falla cardiaca en pequeños animales. Rev Med Vet (Bogota) [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2024 Jul 21];(24):59–70. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0122-93542012000200006&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Mattin MJ, Boswood A, Church DB, Brodbelt DC. Prognostic factors in dogs with presumed degenerative mitral valve disease attending primary-care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. J Vet Intern Med. 2019;33(2):432–44.
Miguel E. Análisis morfológico y valoración de gravedad en la presentación de complejos ventriculares prematuros Morphological analysis and severity assessment in the presentation of premature ventricular complexes. 2023;2023:2–5.
Arias DO. Métodos complementarios de diagnóstico. Métodos Complement diagnóstico. 2020;
Serrano S. Doberman con cardiomiopatía dilatada Presentación y anamnesis. 2019.
Gunasekaran T, Olivier NB, Sanders RA. Comparison of single- versus seven-day Holter analysis for the identification of dilated cardiomyopathy predictive criteria in apparently healthy Doberman Pinscher dogs. J Vet Cardiol. 2020 Feb 1;27:78–87
Mavropoulou A, Oliveira P, Willis R. Holter monitoring in dogs: 24 h vs. 48 h. Vet J. 2021 Jun 1;272:105628.
Porteiro Vásquez DM. Cómo sacarle partido a tu Holter. 2018.
Wess G, Schulze A, Geraghty N, Hartmann K. Ability of a 5-Minute Electrocardiography (ECG) for Predicting Arrhythmias in Doberman Pinschers with Cardiomyopathy in Comparison with a 24-Hour Ambulatory ECG. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 2010 Mar 1 [cited 2024 May 31];24(2):367–71. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0477.x
Barreda Marín L, Gascón Pérez FM (dir. . Actualización del manejo terapéutico de la cardiomiopatía dilatada canina. Univ Zaragoza [Internet]. 2020;40. Available from: http://zaguan.unizar.es/TAZ/EUCS/2014/14180/TAZ-TFG-2014-408.pdf%0Ahttp://147.96.70.122/Web/TFG/TFG/Memoria/ADRIAN REPILADO ALVAREZ.pdf
Hernandez-Suarez DF, Lopez-Menendez F, Roche-Lima A, Lopez-Candales A. Assessment of Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion in Patients With Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. Cardiol Res [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 May 31];10(2):83. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6469911/
Visser, L. C., Sintov, D. J., & Oldach MS. Evaluation of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion measured by two-dimensional echocardiography in healthy dogs: repeatability, reference intervals, and comparison with M-mode assessment. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 20(3), 165–174 [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2024 Apr 18]. Available from: https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.jvc.2018.04.002
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 30 p.
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, Ibagué
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Medicina veterinaria y zootecnia
dc.publisher.faculty.none.fl_str_mv Ciencias de la Salud
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv Ibagué
dc.publisher.branch.none.fl_str_mv Ibagué
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, Ibagué
institution Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/422f3574-0cf5-41e9-9f49-ffcf1f269d98/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/ddf4ee12-a5c9-4f64-9999-13e920d17f84/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4bbce0aa-072a-4d75-a546-dba91de65cdd/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/77dff250-82f4-4e70-a769-909ea9a3529b/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/56bae5fd-c647-480a-8822-dd663384be61/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/b6e1b832-26e3-4eb6-bf43-db36d3bdacda/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/0fac41a9-8c23-4b80-8336-76621a31bc1c/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/0655d563-f169-4180-8c10-bfea42eaaef9/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/6d016ec9-c2bb-4052-9058-c4516e1234af/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/68f3ad27-8f05-4809-a2f5-3156ad8ec134/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/23635b76-fdfa-4488-a992-c865eba51623/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 228fb064add092ce1ddd251ae2a25f59
666e7a2b933db85bac6018e81205b35c
8df3ef113b4e99c50f1085f425f5286e
934f4ca17e109e0a05eaeaba504d7ce4
3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45
4bfb6949e761f59fb863b351a5591c9b
768380b4d2304ba62f3d6a0880dc0a4a
0cccd0aa785fd5a4d0e3cd8cab3acc4e
d64807b5ffdc03a264ef0ba586bba7de
2ede21b5acffbd2788f1b48b44d80599
3ac9f4e46be15b4473777926f1fb64fc
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
_version_ 1814247254810165248
spelling Padilla Barreto, Mónica YamileAriza Vargas, Vanessa2024-07-30T15:59:31Z2024-07-30T15:59:31Z2024-07-30Ariza Vargas, V. (2024). Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninos. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/56665https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/56665La cardiomiopatía dilatada (CMD) es una enfermedad que afecta predominantemente a caninos de razas medianas, grandes y gigantes, caracterizada por disfunciones sistólicas y diastólicas que desencadenan insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva. Esta patología es asintomática en etapas iniciales, presenta un desafío considerable en su diagnóstico temprano debido a su variabilidad clínica y a la falta de conciencia sobre la importancia de las evaluaciones cardíacas regulares tanto entre propietarios de mascotas como entre profesionales de la salud veterinaria. Los métodos diagnósticos tradicionales, como la auscultación, radiografías, ecocardiografía y electrocardiograma, son valiosos, pero su aplicación a veces resulta insuficiente para una detección temprana y precisa de la CMD. Además, la escasez de biomarcadores específicos y su limitado uso en la práctica clínica veterinaria agregan complejidad al proceso diagnóstico. La demora en el diagnóstico de la CMD conlleva a tratamientos tardíos y poco eficientes, lo que aumenta la mortalidad en los caninos afectados. Por tanto, es fundamental investigar y desarrollar enfoques más precisos y accesibles para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad, incluyendo la identificación de biomarcadores séricos específicos que puedan revolucionar la detección temprana y la evaluación del riesgo en los pacientes caninos. Este trabajo busca no solo educar a propietarios de mascotas y profesionales veterinarios sobre la importancia de la evaluación cardíaca regular, sino también promover la utilización de nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en la práctica clínica para ofrecer diagnósticos más integrales y tratamientos más efectivos. Al mejorar la conciencia y el acceso a métodos diagnósticos avanzados, se espera mejorar la calidad de vida de los caninos afectados por la CMD y avanzar en el campo de la 3 cardiología veterinaria.Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease predominantly affecting medium, large, and giant breed dogs, characterized by systolic and diastolic dysfunctions leading to congestive heart failure. The condition is asymptomatically in early stages, posing a significant challenge for early diagnosis due to its clinical variability and the lack of awareness regarding the importance of regular cardiac evaluations among both pet owners and veterinary professionals. While traditional diagnostic methods such as auscultation, radiography, echocardiography, and electrocardiography are valuable, they sometimes prove insufficient for early and accurate detection of DCM, and the scarcity of specific biomarkers and their limited use in veterinary clinical practice add complexity to the diagnostic process. Delayed diagnosis of DCM results in late and suboptimal treatments, increasing morbidity and mortality in affected canine patients. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate and develop more precise and ccessible approaches for diagnosing this disease, including the identification of specific serum biomarkers that could revolutionize early detection and risk assessment in canine patients. This work aims not only to educate pet owners and veterinary professionals about the importance of regular cardiac evaluation but also to promote the use of new diagnostic tests in clinical practice to provide more comprehensive diagnoses and more effective treatments, ultimately improving the quality of life of dogs affected by DCM and advancing the field of veterinary cardiology.PregradoMedico Veterinario30 p.application/pdfspaUniversidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, IbaguéMedicina veterinaria y zootecniaCiencias de la SaludIbaguéIbaguéhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Métodos diagnósticos para detección de cardiomiopatía dilatada en caninosTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTIDHOLM, A., HÄGGSTRÖM, J., BORGARELLI, M., & TARDUCCI A. Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Part I: Aetiology, Clinical Characteristics, Epidemiology and Pathology. The Veterinary Journal, 162(2), 92–107 [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2024 Apr 17]. Available from: https://sci-hub.se/10.1053/tvjl.2001.0571Kittleson MD. Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs and Cats - Circulatory System - MSD Veterinary Manual [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.msdvetmanual.com/circulatory-system/cardiomyopathy-in-dogs-and cats/dilated-cardiomyopathy-in-dogs-and-cHoller PJ, Wess G. Sphericity index and E-point-to-septal-separation (EPSS) to diagnose dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers [Internet]. Vol. 28, Journal of veterinary internal medicine. J Vet Intern Med; 2014 [cited 2024 May 30]. 123–129 p. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24428318/Simpson S, Rutland P, Rutland CS. Genomic Insights into Cardiomyopathies: A Comparative Cross-Species Review. Vet Sci [Internet]. 2017 Mar 1 [cited 2024 Jun 13];4(1). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5606618/Dukes-McEwan J, Borgarelli M, Tidholm A, Vollmar AC, Häggström J. Proposed Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 5(2), 7–19 [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2024 May 30]. p. 13. Available from: https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1760-2734(06)70047-9Borgarelli, M., Tarducci, A., Tidholm, A., & Häggström J. Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Part II: Pathophysiology and therapy. The Veterinary Journal. [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2024 Apr 17]. Available from: https://sci-hub.se/10.1053/tvjl.2001.0616Vatnikov Y, Rudenko A, Rudenko P, Kulikov E, Karamyan A, Lutsay V, et al. Immune inflammatory concept of the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Vet World [Internet]. 2019 Sep 1 [cited 2024 Apr 17];12(9):1491. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6813603/Syariah KB, Ilmu G. Cardiovascular-renal Axis Disroders in Dogs and Cats. 2021Montoya Alonso JA. RACVE | Miocardiopatía dilatada canina: aspectos clínicos [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2024 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.racve.es/publicaciones/miocardiopatia-dilatada-canina-aspectos-clinicos/Caivano D, Dickson D, Pariaut R, Stillman M, Rishniw M. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion-to-aortic ratio provides a bodyweight-independent measure of right ventricular systolic function in dogs. J Vet Cardiol. 2018 Apr 1;20(2):79–91.McCauley SR, Clark SD, Quest BW, Streeter RM OE. Review of canine dilated cardiomyopathy in the wake of diet-associated concerns. Journal of Animal Science [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Apr 17]. Available from: https://sci hub.se/10.1093/jas/skaa155Gaar-Humphreys KR, Spanjersberg TCF, Santarelli G, Grinwis GCM, Szatmári V, Roelen BAJ, et al. Genetic Basis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs and Its Potential as a Bidirectional Model. Anim an Open Access J from MDPI [Internet]. 2022 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Jun 13];12(13). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC9265105/McNally EM, Golbus JR, Puckelwartz MJ. Genetic mutations and mechanisms in dilated cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest [Internet]. 2013 Jan 2 [cited 2024 Jun 14];123(1):19–26. 27 Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23281406/Walker, A. L., DeFrancesco, T. C., Bonagura, J. D., Keene, B. W., Meurs, K. M., Tou, S. P., Kurtz, K., Aona, B., Barro, L., McManamey, A., Robertson, J., Adin DB. Association of diet with clinical outcomes in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology | 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.02.001 [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Jun 13]. Available from: https://sci hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2021.02.001Freeman L, Rush J, Adin D, Weeks K, Antoon K, Brethel S, et al. Prospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs eating nontraditional or traditional diets and in dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 2022 Mar 1 [cited 2024 Jun 13];36(2):451–63. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jvim.16397Freid KJ, Freeman LM, Rush JE, Cunningham SM, Davis MS, Karlin ET, et al. Retrospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Apr 17];35(1):58–67. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33345431Kittleson MD, Keene B, Pion PD, Loyer CG. Results of the multicenter spaniel trial (MUST): taurine- and carnitine-responsive dilated cardiomyopathy in American cocker spaniels with decreased plasma taurine concentration. J Vet Intern Med. 1997;11(4):204–11.Basili M, Pedro B, Hodgkiss-Geere H, Navarro-Cubas X, Graef N, Dukes-McEwan J. Low plasma taurine levels in English cocker spaniels diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Small Anim Pract. 2021 Jul 1;62(7):570–9.Kaplan JL, Stern JA, Fascetti AJ, Larsen JA, Skolnik H, Peddle GD, et al. Taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers fed commercial diets. PLoS One. 2018 Dec 1;13(12).Bélanger MC, Ouellet M, Queney G, Moreau M. Taurine-deficient dilated cardiomyopathy in a family of golden retrievers. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2005;41(5):284–91.Sanderson SL. Taurine and carnitine in canine cardiomyopathy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract [Internet]. 2006 Nov [cited 2024 Apr 17];36(6):1325–43. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17085238/Smith CE, Parnell LD, Lai CQ, Rush JE, Freeman LM. Investigation of diets associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs using foodomics analysis. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2021;11(1):1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94464-2Roche-Catholy M, Van Cappellen I, Locquet L, Broeckx BJG, Paepe D, Smets P. Clinical relevance of serum electrolytes in dogs and cats with acute heart failure: A retrospective study. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 2021 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Apr 17];35(4):1652–62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34096660/Smith CE, Parnell LD, Lai CQ, Rush JE, Adin DB, Ordovás JM, et al. Metabolomic profiling in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy eating non-traditional or traditional diets and in healthy controls. Sci Reports 2022 121 [Internet]. 2022 Dec 30 [cited 2024 Apr 17];12(1):1–14. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-26322-8López Álvarez, J. Santiago, J. A. Fernández del Palacio MJ. Una actualización práctica CARDIOLOGÍA CANINA 2 PONENTES. 2016;33.Rhee SS, Pearce EN. The Endocrine System and the Heart: A Review. Rev Española Cardiol (English Ed [Internet]. 2011 Mar 1 [cited 2024 Apr 17];64(3):220–31. Available from: http://www.revespcardiol.org/en-the-endocrine-system-heart-a-articulo S1885585710000745Beier P, Reese S, Holler PJ, Simak J, Tater G, Wess G. The Role of Hypothyroidism in the Etiology and Progression of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 2015 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Apr 17];29(1):141. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4858054/Kalil RFT. Cardiomiopatia dilatada em cão com hipotireoidismo e megaesôfago. Pubvet. 2023 Apr 7;17(4):e1366Bilhalva M, Costa PPC. O hipotireoidismo canino e seus efeitos sobre o sistema cardiovascular. Pubvet. 2020 May 1;14(04)Riggs AH, Rhinehart J, Cooper ES. Possible development and resolution of dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype secondary to atypical hypoadrenocorticism in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care [Internet]. 2023 Sep 1 [cited 2024 Jun 13];33(5):606–12. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/vec.13321López AG, González GP, Quert AL, Recarey MV. Aldosterona: sus implicaciones en las enfermedades del corazón. CorSalud [Internet]. 2016 Jul 24 [cited 2024 Apr 17];8(3):177–82. Available from: https://revcorsalud.sld.cu/index.php/cors/article/view/138/328Klein BG. Cunninhgham’s Textbook of Veterinary Phisiology, Shith Edition [Internet]. 2016. Available from: http://evolve.elsevier.com/Seeram/YOU’VEJUSTPURCHASEDSimpson S, Kordtomeikel KZ, Wong S, Bennison S, El-Gendy SAA, Cobb M, et al. Diagnosis, Prognosis, Management, Treatment, Research and Advances in Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Canine Genet Heal Med [Internet]. 2021 May 5 [cited 2024 Apr 18]; Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/76601Castillo E, Pabaña JP, Rubio P, Alvarado J, Maldonado M. Determinación del índice cardíaco vertebral en perros de raza mestiza. Salud y Tecnol Vet. 2020;8(1):14–8.Cagua L. Cardiomiopatía dilatada canina abordaje y diagnóstico clínico [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 Apr 18]. Available from: https://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/bitstream/001/423/1/RUNILLANOS MV0828/CARDIOMIOPATIA DILATADA CANINA ABORDAJE Y DIAGNOSTICO CLINICO pdfRabanal M. Valoraciones radiográficas del tamaño cardiaco y de la aurícula izquierda. ecGVETERINARIA. 2014;1:10–5.Malcom EL, Visser LC. Diagnostic value of vertebral left atrial size as determined from thoracic radiographs for assessment of left atrial size in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Javma. 2018;253(8):5–7.Ponikowski, P., Voors, A. A., Anker, S. D., Bueno, H., Cleland, J. G. F., Coats, A. J. S., … van der Meer P. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal, 37(27), 2129–2200 [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2024 Apr 18]. Available from: https://sci-hub.se/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128Wess G, Domenech O, Dukes-McEwan J, Häggström J, Gordon S. European Society of Veterinary Cardiology screening guidelines for dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. J Vet Cardiol. 2017;19(5):405–15.Bonagura JD, Visser LC. Echocardiographic assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. J Vet Cardiol. 2022 Apr 1;40:15–50.Conrado ALV, Corredor-Castillo AS, Cardoso F, Ramos CC, Bruno CEM. Ecocardiografía en clínicas veterinarias de pequeños animales: Informe práctico para los estudiantes en fase de pasantía profesional. Rev Electron Vet. 2016;17(12).Spalla I, Payne JR, Borgeat K, Pope A, Fuentes VL, Connolly DJ. Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion and Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 May 1 [cited 2024 Jun 13];31(3):691–9. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jvim.14697Visser LC. Right Ventricular Function: Imaging Techniques. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2017 Sep 1;47(5):989–1003.Dussán Lozada R, Buriticá Gaviria EF. Interpretación práctica del reporte ecocardiográfico en caninos Practical interpretation of echocadiographic report in dogs. Maderas Cienc y Tecnol. 2010;10(1):61–8.Klüser L, Maier ET, Wess G. Evaluation of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay compared to a first-generation cardiac troponin I assay in Doberman Pinschers with and without dilated cardiomyopathy. 2018;De la Fuente J, Porteiro D MA. Biomarcadores cardiacos en pequeños animales Cardiac biomarkers in small animals Introducción. Clin Vet Peq Anim. 2019;2019(4):199–205.Álvarez I, Uribe A, Duarte S. Biomarcadores de la falla cardiaca en pequeños animales. Rev Med Vet (Bogota) [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2024 Jul 21];(24):59–70. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0122-93542012000200006&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=esMattin MJ, Boswood A, Church DB, Brodbelt DC. Prognostic factors in dogs with presumed degenerative mitral valve disease attending primary-care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. J Vet Intern Med. 2019;33(2):432–44.Miguel E. Análisis morfológico y valoración de gravedad en la presentación de complejos ventriculares prematuros Morphological analysis and severity assessment in the presentation of premature ventricular complexes. 2023;2023:2–5.Arias DO. Métodos complementarios de diagnóstico. Métodos Complement diagnóstico. 2020;Serrano S. Doberman con cardiomiopatía dilatada Presentación y anamnesis. 2019.Gunasekaran T, Olivier NB, Sanders RA. Comparison of single- versus seven-day Holter analysis for the identification of dilated cardiomyopathy predictive criteria in apparently healthy Doberman Pinscher dogs. J Vet Cardiol. 2020 Feb 1;27:78–87Mavropoulou A, Oliveira P, Willis R. Holter monitoring in dogs: 24 h vs. 48 h. Vet J. 2021 Jun 1;272:105628.Porteiro Vásquez DM. Cómo sacarle partido a tu Holter. 2018.Wess G, Schulze A, Geraghty N, Hartmann K. Ability of a 5-Minute Electrocardiography (ECG) for Predicting Arrhythmias in Doberman Pinschers with Cardiomyopathy in Comparison with a 24-Hour Ambulatory ECG. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 2010 Mar 1 [cited 2024 May 31];24(2):367–71. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0477.xBarreda Marín L, Gascón Pérez FM (dir. . Actualización del manejo terapéutico de la cardiomiopatía dilatada canina. Univ Zaragoza [Internet]. 2020;40. Available from: http://zaguan.unizar.es/TAZ/EUCS/2014/14180/TAZ-TFG-2014-408.pdf%0Ahttp://147.96.70.122/Web/TFG/TFG/Memoria/ADRIAN REPILADO ALVAREZ.pdfHernandez-Suarez DF, Lopez-Menendez F, Roche-Lima A, Lopez-Candales A. Assessment of Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion in Patients With Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. Cardiol Res [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 May 31];10(2):83. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6469911/Visser, L. C., Sintov, D. J., & Oldach MS. Evaluation of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion measured by two-dimensional echocardiography in healthy dogs: repeatability, reference intervals, and comparison with M-mode assessment. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 20(3), 165–174 [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2024 Apr 18]. Available from: https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.jvc.2018.04.002Insuficiencia cardíaca congestivaBiomarcadoresTroponinaPéptidos natriurétricosEcocardiografíaCongestive heart failureBiomarkersTroponinNatriuretric peptidesEchocardiographyPublicationORIGINAL2024_Licencia_Uso.pdf2024_Licencia_Uso.pdfLicencia de usoapplication/pdf190410https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/422f3574-0cf5-41e9-9f49-ffcf1f269d98/download228fb064add092ce1ddd251ae2a25f59MD522024_Trabajo_Grado.pdf2024_Trabajo_Grado.pdfTrabajo de gradoapplication/pdf423968https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/ddf4ee12-a5c9-4f64-9999-13e920d17f84/download666e7a2b933db85bac6018e81205b35cMD532024_Acta_Sustentacion.pdf2024_Acta_Sustentacion.pdfActa de sustentaciónapplication/pdf114137https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4bbce0aa-072a-4d75-a546-dba91de65cdd/download8df3ef113b4e99c50f1085f425f5286eMD54CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-81031https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/77dff250-82f4-4e70-a769-909ea9a3529b/download934f4ca17e109e0a05eaeaba504d7ce4MD55LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/56bae5fd-c647-480a-8822-dd663384be61/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD56TEXT2024_Licencia_Uso.pdf.txt2024_Licencia_Uso.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain5776https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/b6e1b832-26e3-4eb6-bf43-db36d3bdacda/download4bfb6949e761f59fb863b351a5591c9bMD572024_Trabajo_Grado.pdf.txt2024_Trabajo_Grado.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain57201https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/0fac41a9-8c23-4b80-8336-76621a31bc1c/download768380b4d2304ba62f3d6a0880dc0a4aMD592024_Acta_Sustentacion.pdf.txt2024_Acta_Sustentacion.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1163https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/0655d563-f169-4180-8c10-bfea42eaaef9/download0cccd0aa785fd5a4d0e3cd8cab3acc4eMD511THUMBNAIL2024_Licencia_Uso.pdf.jpg2024_Licencia_Uso.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg12741https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/6d016ec9-c2bb-4052-9058-c4516e1234af/downloadd64807b5ffdc03a264ef0ba586bba7deMD582024_Trabajo_Grado.pdf.jpg2024_Trabajo_Grado.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg6315https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/68f3ad27-8f05-4809-a2f5-3156ad8ec134/download2ede21b5acffbd2788f1b48b44d80599MD5102024_Acta_Sustentacion.pdf.jpg2024_Acta_Sustentacion.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg9802https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/23635b76-fdfa-4488-a992-c865eba51623/download3ac9f4e46be15b4473777926f1fb64fcMD51220.500.12494/56665oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/566652024-08-09 12:29:24.595http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalrestrictedhttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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

Publicaciones similares