Algunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicas

En este artículo se describen algunas de principales patologías que afectan a los perros Bulldog inglés, debido a los cambios anatómicos de esta raza como los huesos cortos del cráneo, hipertrofia de los tejidos blandos, patologías oculares, respiratorias, piel entre otras. El trabajo describe una B...

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Autores:
Noreña Rubio, Juan Diego
Rada Betancur, Yessica Andrea
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
Idioma:
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/43365
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/43365
Palabra clave:
Bulldog
Entropion
Patología
TG 2021 MVZ 43365
Bulldog
Entropion
Pathologies
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
id COOPER2_c6d42d827df22252f951686070139662
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/43365
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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Algunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicas
title Algunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicas
spellingShingle Algunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicas
Bulldog
Entropion
Patología
TG 2021 MVZ 43365
Bulldog
Entropion
Pathologies
title_short Algunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicas
title_full Algunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicas
title_fullStr Algunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicas
title_full_unstemmed Algunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicas
title_sort Algunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicas
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Noreña Rubio, Juan Diego
Rada Betancur, Yessica Andrea
dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv Medina, Maritza
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Noreña Rubio, Juan Diego
Rada Betancur, Yessica Andrea
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Bulldog
Entropion
Patología
topic Bulldog
Entropion
Patología
TG 2021 MVZ 43365
Bulldog
Entropion
Pathologies
dc.subject.classification.spa.fl_str_mv TG 2021 MVZ 43365
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv Bulldog
Entropion
Pathologies
description En este artículo se describen algunas de principales patologías que afectan a los perros Bulldog inglés, debido a los cambios anatómicos de esta raza como los huesos cortos del cráneo, hipertrofia de los tejidos blandos, patologías oculares, respiratorias, piel entre otras. El trabajo describe una Bulldog inglés, adoptada, adulta, no castrada que ingreso a una clínica veterinaria privada de la ciudad de Villavicencio: Al examen clínico presenta entropión, úlcera corneal, dermatitis de los pliegues cutáneos de la cola, prurito intenso. Se realiza cuadro hemático, químicas sanguíneas, coprológico e hisopado de oído. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico para entropión, palatoplastia y retiro del exceso de piel en la cola asi como para otitis por hongos y enteritis por Isospora sp. Siendo todos exitosos.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-01-21T17:46:53Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-01-21T17:46:53Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-01-20
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/43365
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv Noreña Rubio, J. D. y Rada Betancur, Y. A. (2022). Algunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicas. [tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/43365
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/43365
identifier_str_mv Noreña Rubio, J. D. y Rada Betancur, Y. A. (2022). Algunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicas. [tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/43365
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Angulo, A. (2013). Oftalmología veterinaria en especies menores con énfasis en trastornos oculares externos en caninos. [Tesis de pregrado. Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica]. Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. http://repositorio.unsa.edu.pe/handle/UNSA/3464
Bertilsson, I. (2019). Phenotypic variation for BOAS within four brachycephalic dog breeds – Can good welfare be obtained?. Degree Project in Animal Science. https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/15103/7/bertilsson_i_190822.pdf
Burchell, G. (2015). Breeding Frankenstein’s Bulldog: Reimagining the Pedigree in Nineteenth Century England. University of Nottingham, 1–20. https://scgrg.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Burchell-Breeding-
Frankensteins-Bulldog-Reimagining-the-Pedigree-in-19C-England.pdf
BVA, T. B. V. A. (2018). Brachycephalic Dogs. BVA Policy Statements, 1–9. https://www.bva.co.uk/media/1183/bva-position-on-brachycephalic-dogs-full.pdf
Canola, R., Sousa, M. G., Braz, J. B., Restan, W. A. Z., Yamada, D. I., Silva Filho, J. C., & Camacho, A. A. (2018). Cardiorespiratory evaluation of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 38(6), 1130–1136. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5376
Dupré, G., Findji, L., & Oechtering, G. (2013). Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome. Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery, LXI(1), 167–183. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118997505.ch19
Fawcett, A. (2020). Top 5 Consequences of Brachycephaly. Clinician’s Brief, August, 17–20. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/top-5-consequences-brachycephaly
Fawcett, A., Barrs, V., Awad, M., Child, G., Brunel, L., Mooney, E., Martinez-Taboada, F., McDonald, B., & McGreevy, P. (2019). Consequences and management of canine brachycephaly in veterinary practice: perspectives from Australian veterinarians and veterinary specialists. Animals, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9010003
Federación Cinológica Internacional. (2021). Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre. https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federaci%C3%B3n_Cinol%C3%B3gica_Internacional&oldid=137125428. Johansson, E. (2019). Genetic variation in genes associated with canine brachycephaly. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1–9. https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/14846/8/johansson_e_190704.pdf
Federación Cinológica Internacional. (2011). Bulldog Estándar-FCI N° 149. http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/149g02-es.pdf
Kokkinos, P., Murgia, D., & Referrals, D. W. (2019). Screw tail and tail fold pyoderma – medical and surgical updates. ResearchGate, December, 1–8. file:///C:/Users/Karen Melissa Medina/OneDrive/Documentos/Escritorio/noreña y rada/Screwtailandtailfoldpyodermamedicalandsurgicalupdates_VetTimes.pdf
Laboratories, P. (2012). c. Minnesota Urolith Center, University of Minnesota, 3–7. https://vetmed.umn.edu/sites/vetmed.umn.edu/files/canine_cystine_uroliths.pdf?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=pmd_637eZJmWTYMcaA_VQQbrYBgcErSI1gkstNBPrCwoeAM-1631847727-0-gqNtZGzNAvujcnBszQiR
Lloyd, D. H. (2016). Advances in Veterinary Dermatology. In Veterinary Dermatology (Vol. 9, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3164.1998.00888.x
Njikam, I., Huault, M., Pirson, V., & Detilleux, J. (2009). The Influence of Phylogenic Origin on the Occurrence of Brachycephalic Airway Obstruction Syndrome in a Large Retrospective Study. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 7(3), 138–143. http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/75887/1/Baos138-143.pdf
O’Neill, D., Jackson, C., Guy, J. H., Church, D. B., McGreevy, P. D., Thomson, P. C., & Brodbelt, D. C. (2015). Epidemiological associations between brachycephaly and upper respiratory tract disorders in dogs attending veterinary practices in England. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-015-0023-8
O’Neill, D., Skipper, A. M., Kadhim, J., Church, D. B., Brodbelt, D. C., & Packer, R. M. A. (2019). Disorders of Bulldogs under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. PLoS ONE, 14(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217928
Orozco, S y Gómez, L. (2003). Manejo médico y quirúrgico del síndrome de las vías aéreas superiores del braquicéfalo. Reporte de un caso. Rev Col Cienc Pec Vol. 16: 2. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2950/295026126007.pdf
Packer, R., Hendricks, A., Tivers, M. S., & Burn, C. C. (2015). Impact of facial conformation on canine health: Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. PLoS ONE, 10(10), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496
Packer, R., O’Neill, D. G., Fletcher, F., & Farnworth, M. J. (2019). Great expectations, inconvenient truths, and the paradoxes of the dog-owner relationship for owners of brachycephalic dogs. PLoS ONE, 14(7), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219918
Pedersen, N., Pooch, A. S., & Liu, H. (2016). A genetic assessment of the English bulldog. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 3(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-016-0036-y
Reeve, E., Sutton, D., Friend, E. J., & Warren, C. (2017). Documenting the prevalence of hiatal hernia and oesophageal abnormalities in brachycephalic dogs using fluoroscopy. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 58(12), 1–5. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsap.12734
Sahr, S., Dietrich, A., & Oechtering, G. (2021). Evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis. PLoS ONE, 16(9 September), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257020
Selba, M., Oechtering, G. U., Heng, H. G., & DeLeon, V. B. (2020). The Impact of Selection for Facial Reduction in Dogs: Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Canine Cranial Shape. Anatomical Record, 303(2), 330–346. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24184
Seppänen, R., Kaimio, M., Schildt, K. J. M., Lilja-Maula, L., Hyytiäinen, H. K., Mölsä, S., Morelius, M., Rajamäki, M. M., Lappalainen, A. K., & Rantala, M. (2019). Skin and ear health in a group of English bulldogs in Finland – a descriptive study with special reference to owner perceptions. Veterinary Dermatology, 30(4), 307-e85. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12752
Angulo, A. (2013). Oftalmología veterinaria en especies menores con énfasis en trastornos oculares externos en caninos. [Tesis de pregrado. Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica]. Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. http://repositorio.unsa.edu.pe/handle/UNSA/3464 Bertilsson, I. (2019). Phenotypic variation for BOAS within four brachycephalic dog breeds – Can good welfare be obtained?. Degree Project in Animal Science. https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/15103/7/bertilsson_i_190822.pdf Burchell, G. (2015). Breeding Frankenstein’s Bulldog: Reimagining the Pedigree in Nineteenth Century England. University of Nottingham, 1–20. https://scgrg.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Burchell-Breeding-Frankensteins-Bulldog-Reimagining-the-Pedigree-in-19C-England.pdf BVA, T. B. V. A. (2018). Brachycephalic Dogs. BVA Policy Statements, 1–9. https://www.bva.co.uk/media/1183/bva-position-on-brachycephalic-dogs-full.pdf Canola, R., Sousa, M. G., Braz, J. B., Restan, W. A. Z., Yamada, D. I., Silva Filho, J. C., & Camacho, A. A. (2018). Cardiorespiratory evaluation of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 38(6), 1130–1136. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5376 Dupré, G., Findji, L., & Oechtering, G. (2013). Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome. Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery, LXI(1), 167–183. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118997505.ch19 Fawcett, A. (2020). Top 5 Consequences of Brachycephaly. Clinician’s Brief, August, 17–20. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/top-5-consequences-brachycephaly Fawcett, A., Barrs, V., Awad, M., Child, G., Brunel, L., Mooney, E., Martinez-Taboada, F., McDonald, B., & McGreevy, P. (2019). Consequences and management of canine brachycephaly in veterinary practice: perspectives from Australian veterinarians and veterinary specialists. Animals, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9010003 Federación Cinológica Internacional. (2021). Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre. https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federaci%C3%B3n_Cinol%C3%B3gica_Internacional&oldid=137125428. Johansson, E. (2019). Genetic variation in genes associated with canine brachycephaly. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1–9. https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/14846/8/johansson_e_190704.pdf Federación Cinológica Internacional. (2011). Bulldog Estándar-FCI N° 149. http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/149g02-es.pdf Kokkinos, P., Murgia, D., & Referrals, D. W. (2019). Screw tail and tail fold pyoderma – medical and surgical updates. ResearchGate, December, 1–8. file:///C:/Users/Karen Melissa Medina/OneDrive/Documentos/Escritorio/noreña y rada/Screwtailandtailfoldpyodermamedicalandsurgicalupdates_VetTimes.pdf Laboratories, P. (2012). c. Minnesota Urolith Center, University of Minnesota, 3–7. https://vetmed.umn.edu/sites/vetmed.umn.edu/files/canine_cystine_uroliths.pdf?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=pmd_637eZJmWTYMcaA_VQQbrYBgcErSI1gkstNBPrCwoeAM-1631847727-0-gqNtZGzNAvujcnBszQiR Lloyd, D. H. (2016). Advances in Veterinary Dermatology. In Veterinary Dermatology (Vol. 9, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3164.1998.00888.x Njikam, I., Huault, M., Pirson, V., & Detilleux, J. (2009). The Influence of Phylogenic Origin on the Occurrence of Brachycephalic Airway Obstruction Syndrome in a Large Retrospective Study. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 7(3), 138–143. http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/75887/1/Baos138-143.pdf O’Neill, D., Jackson, C., Guy, J. H., Church, D. B., McGreevy, P. D., Thomson, P. C., & Brodbelt, D. C. (2015). Epidemiological associations between brachycephaly and upper respiratory tract disorders in dogs attending veterinary practices in England. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-015-0023-8 O’Neill, D., Skipper, A. M., Kadhim, J., Church, D. B., Brodbelt, D. C., & Packer, R. M. A. (2019). Disorders of Bulldogs under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. PLoS ONE, 14(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217928 Orozco, S y Gómez, L. (2003). Manejo médico y quirúrgico del síndrome de las vías aéreas superiores del braquicéfalo. Reporte de un caso. Rev Col Cienc Pec Vol. 16: 2. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2950/295026126007.pdf Packer, R., Hendricks, A., Tivers, M. S., & Burn, C. C. (2015). Impact of facial conformation on canine health: Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. PLoS ONE, 10(10), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496 Packer, R., O’Neill, D. G., Fletcher, F., & Farnworth, M. J. (2019). Great expectations, inconvenient truths, and the paradoxes of the dog-owner relationship for owners of brachycephalic dogs. PLoS ONE, 14(7), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219918 Pedersen, N., Pooch, A. S., & Liu, H. (2016). A genetic assessment of the English bulldog. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 3(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-016-0036-y Reeve, E., Sutton, D., Friend, E. J., & Warren, C. (2017). Documenting the prevalence of hiatal hernia and oesophageal abnormalities in brachycephalic dogs using fluoroscopy. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 58(12), 1–5. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsap.12734 Sahr, S., Dietrich, A., & Oechtering, G. (2021). Evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis. PLoS ONE, 16(9 September), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257020 Selba, M., Oechtering, G. U., Heng, H. G., & DeLeon, V. B. (2020). The Impact of Selection for Facial Reduction in Dogs: Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Canine Cranial Shape. Anatomical Record, 303(2), 330–346. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24184 Seppänen, R., Kaimio, M., Schildt, K. J. M., Lilja-Maula, L., Hyytiäinen, H. K., Mölsä, S., Morelius, M., Rajamäki, M. M., Lappalainen, A. K., & Rantala, M. (2019). Skin and ear health in a group of English bulldogs in Finland – a descriptive study with special reference to owner perceptions. Veterinary Dermatology, 30(4), 307-e85. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12752 Thomas, R. (2011). Entropion. Repositorio Scottsdale, 1. www.tsvcpets.com. https://scottsdaleveterinaryclinic.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/02/Entropion.pdf
Veterinary Policy Research Foundation. “s.f.”. Brachycephaly & other conformational disorders. https://vprf.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/brachycephaly-and-breed-or-conformation-related-disease-vprf-factfile-2019.docx.pdf
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spelling Medina, MaritzaNoreña Rubio, Juan DiegoRada Betancur, Yessica Andrea2022-01-21T17:46:53Z2022-01-21T17:46:53Z2022-01-20https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/43365Noreña Rubio, J. D. y Rada Betancur, Y. A. (2022). Algunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicas. [tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/43365En este artículo se describen algunas de principales patologías que afectan a los perros Bulldog inglés, debido a los cambios anatómicos de esta raza como los huesos cortos del cráneo, hipertrofia de los tejidos blandos, patologías oculares, respiratorias, piel entre otras. El trabajo describe una Bulldog inglés, adoptada, adulta, no castrada que ingreso a una clínica veterinaria privada de la ciudad de Villavicencio: Al examen clínico presenta entropión, úlcera corneal, dermatitis de los pliegues cutáneos de la cola, prurito intenso. Se realiza cuadro hemático, químicas sanguíneas, coprológico e hisopado de oído. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico para entropión, palatoplastia y retiro del exceso de piel en la cola asi como para otitis por hongos y enteritis por Isospora sp. Siendo todos exitosos.This article describes some of the main pathologies that affect English Bulldog dogs, due to the anatomical changes of this breed such as the short bones of the skull, hypertrophy of the soft tissues, eye, respiratory and skin pathologies, among others. The work describes an adopted English Bulldog, who entered a private veterinary clinic in the city of Villavicencio, the clinical examination presented entropion, corneal ulcer, dermatitis of the skin folds of the tail, intense itching. A blood count, blood chemistry, stool and ear swabs are performed. Surgical treatment was performed for entropion, palatoplasty and removal of excess skin as well as for fungal otitis and enteritis due to Isospora sp. All being successful.juan.norenar@campusucc.edu.coyessica.radab@campusucc.edu.co14 p.Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, VillavicencioMedicina veterinaria y zootecniaVillavicencioBulldogEntropionPatologíaTG 2021 MVZ 43365BulldogEntropionPathologiesAlgunas patologías que afectan razas braquiocefálicasTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAtribución – No comercial – Sin Derivarinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Angulo, A. (2013). Oftalmología veterinaria en especies menores con énfasis en trastornos oculares externos en caninos. [Tesis de pregrado. Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica]. Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. http://repositorio.unsa.edu.pe/handle/UNSA/3464Bertilsson, I. (2019). Phenotypic variation for BOAS within four brachycephalic dog breeds – Can good welfare be obtained?. Degree Project in Animal Science. https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/15103/7/bertilsson_i_190822.pdfBurchell, G. (2015). Breeding Frankenstein’s Bulldog: Reimagining the Pedigree in Nineteenth Century England. University of Nottingham, 1–20. https://scgrg.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Burchell-Breeding-Frankensteins-Bulldog-Reimagining-the-Pedigree-in-19C-England.pdfBVA, T. B. V. A. (2018). Brachycephalic Dogs. BVA Policy Statements, 1–9. https://www.bva.co.uk/media/1183/bva-position-on-brachycephalic-dogs-full.pdfCanola, R., Sousa, M. G., Braz, J. B., Restan, W. A. Z., Yamada, D. I., Silva Filho, J. C., & Camacho, A. A. (2018). Cardiorespiratory evaluation of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 38(6), 1130–1136. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5376Dupré, G., Findji, L., & Oechtering, G. (2013). Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome. Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery, LXI(1), 167–183. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118997505.ch19Fawcett, A. (2020). Top 5 Consequences of Brachycephaly. Clinician’s Brief, August, 17–20. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/top-5-consequences-brachycephalyFawcett, A., Barrs, V., Awad, M., Child, G., Brunel, L., Mooney, E., Martinez-Taboada, F., McDonald, B., & McGreevy, P. (2019). Consequences and management of canine brachycephaly in veterinary practice: perspectives from Australian veterinarians and veterinary specialists. Animals, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9010003Federación Cinológica Internacional. (2021). Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre. https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federaci%C3%B3n_Cinol%C3%B3gica_Internacional&oldid=137125428. Johansson, E. (2019). Genetic variation in genes associated with canine brachycephaly. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1–9. https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/14846/8/johansson_e_190704.pdfFederación Cinológica Internacional. (2011). Bulldog Estándar-FCI N° 149. http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/149g02-es.pdfKokkinos, P., Murgia, D., & Referrals, D. W. (2019). Screw tail and tail fold pyoderma – medical and surgical updates. ResearchGate, December, 1–8. file:///C:/Users/Karen Melissa Medina/OneDrive/Documentos/Escritorio/noreña y rada/Screwtailandtailfoldpyodermamedicalandsurgicalupdates_VetTimes.pdfLaboratories, P. (2012). c. Minnesota Urolith Center, University of Minnesota, 3–7. https://vetmed.umn.edu/sites/vetmed.umn.edu/files/canine_cystine_uroliths.pdf?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=pmd_637eZJmWTYMcaA_VQQbrYBgcErSI1gkstNBPrCwoeAM-1631847727-0-gqNtZGzNAvujcnBszQiRLloyd, D. H. (2016). Advances in Veterinary Dermatology. In Veterinary Dermatology (Vol. 9, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3164.1998.00888.xNjikam, I., Huault, M., Pirson, V., & Detilleux, J. (2009). The Influence of Phylogenic Origin on the Occurrence of Brachycephalic Airway Obstruction Syndrome in a Large Retrospective Study. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 7(3), 138–143. http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/75887/1/Baos138-143.pdfO’Neill, D., Jackson, C., Guy, J. H., Church, D. B., McGreevy, P. D., Thomson, P. C., & Brodbelt, D. C. (2015). Epidemiological associations between brachycephaly and upper respiratory tract disorders in dogs attending veterinary practices in England. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-015-0023-8O’Neill, D., Skipper, A. M., Kadhim, J., Church, D. B., Brodbelt, D. C., & Packer, R. M. A. (2019). Disorders of Bulldogs under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. PLoS ONE, 14(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217928Orozco, S y Gómez, L. (2003). Manejo médico y quirúrgico del síndrome de las vías aéreas superiores del braquicéfalo. Reporte de un caso. Rev Col Cienc Pec Vol. 16: 2. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2950/295026126007.pdfPacker, R., Hendricks, A., Tivers, M. S., & Burn, C. C. (2015). Impact of facial conformation on canine health: Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. PLoS ONE, 10(10), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496Packer, R., O’Neill, D. G., Fletcher, F., & Farnworth, M. J. (2019). Great expectations, inconvenient truths, and the paradoxes of the dog-owner relationship for owners of brachycephalic dogs. PLoS ONE, 14(7), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219918Pedersen, N., Pooch, A. S., & Liu, H. (2016). A genetic assessment of the English bulldog. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 3(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-016-0036-yReeve, E., Sutton, D., Friend, E. J., & Warren, C. (2017). Documenting the prevalence of hiatal hernia and oesophageal abnormalities in brachycephalic dogs using fluoroscopy. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 58(12), 1–5. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsap.12734Sahr, S., Dietrich, A., & Oechtering, G. (2021). Evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis. PLoS ONE, 16(9 September), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257020Selba, M., Oechtering, G. U., Heng, H. G., & DeLeon, V. B. (2020). The Impact of Selection for Facial Reduction in Dogs: Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Canine Cranial Shape. Anatomical Record, 303(2), 330–346. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24184Seppänen, R., Kaimio, M., Schildt, K. J. M., Lilja-Maula, L., Hyytiäinen, H. K., Mölsä, S., Morelius, M., Rajamäki, M. M., Lappalainen, A. K., & Rantala, M. (2019). Skin and ear health in a group of English bulldogs in Finland – a descriptive study with special reference to owner perceptions. Veterinary Dermatology, 30(4), 307-e85. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12752Angulo, A. (2013). Oftalmología veterinaria en especies menores con énfasis en trastornos oculares externos en caninos. [Tesis de pregrado. Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica]. Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. http://repositorio.unsa.edu.pe/handle/UNSA/3464 Bertilsson, I. (2019). Phenotypic variation for BOAS within four brachycephalic dog breeds – Can good welfare be obtained?. Degree Project in Animal Science. https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/15103/7/bertilsson_i_190822.pdf Burchell, G. (2015). Breeding Frankenstein’s Bulldog: Reimagining the Pedigree in Nineteenth Century England. University of Nottingham, 1–20. https://scgrg.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Burchell-Breeding-Frankensteins-Bulldog-Reimagining-the-Pedigree-in-19C-England.pdf BVA, T. B. V. A. (2018). Brachycephalic Dogs. BVA Policy Statements, 1–9. https://www.bva.co.uk/media/1183/bva-position-on-brachycephalic-dogs-full.pdf Canola, R., Sousa, M. G., Braz, J. B., Restan, W. A. Z., Yamada, D. I., Silva Filho, J. C., & Camacho, A. A. (2018). Cardiorespiratory evaluation of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 38(6), 1130–1136. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5376 Dupré, G., Findji, L., & Oechtering, G. (2013). Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome. Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery, LXI(1), 167–183. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118997505.ch19 Fawcett, A. (2020). Top 5 Consequences of Brachycephaly. Clinician’s Brief, August, 17–20. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/top-5-consequences-brachycephaly Fawcett, A., Barrs, V., Awad, M., Child, G., Brunel, L., Mooney, E., Martinez-Taboada, F., McDonald, B., & McGreevy, P. (2019). Consequences and management of canine brachycephaly in veterinary practice: perspectives from Australian veterinarians and veterinary specialists. Animals, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9010003 Federación Cinológica Internacional. (2021). Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre. https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federaci%C3%B3n_Cinol%C3%B3gica_Internacional&oldid=137125428. Johansson, E. (2019). Genetic variation in genes associated with canine brachycephaly. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1–9. https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/14846/8/johansson_e_190704.pdf Federación Cinológica Internacional. (2011). Bulldog Estándar-FCI N° 149. http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/149g02-es.pdf Kokkinos, P., Murgia, D., & Referrals, D. W. (2019). Screw tail and tail fold pyoderma – medical and surgical updates. ResearchGate, December, 1–8. file:///C:/Users/Karen Melissa Medina/OneDrive/Documentos/Escritorio/noreña y rada/Screwtailandtailfoldpyodermamedicalandsurgicalupdates_VetTimes.pdf Laboratories, P. (2012). c. Minnesota Urolith Center, University of Minnesota, 3–7. https://vetmed.umn.edu/sites/vetmed.umn.edu/files/canine_cystine_uroliths.pdf?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=pmd_637eZJmWTYMcaA_VQQbrYBgcErSI1gkstNBPrCwoeAM-1631847727-0-gqNtZGzNAvujcnBszQiR Lloyd, D. H. (2016). Advances in Veterinary Dermatology. In Veterinary Dermatology (Vol. 9, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3164.1998.00888.x Njikam, I., Huault, M., Pirson, V., & Detilleux, J. (2009). The Influence of Phylogenic Origin on the Occurrence of Brachycephalic Airway Obstruction Syndrome in a Large Retrospective Study. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 7(3), 138–143. http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/75887/1/Baos138-143.pdf O’Neill, D., Jackson, C., Guy, J. H., Church, D. B., McGreevy, P. D., Thomson, P. C., & Brodbelt, D. C. (2015). Epidemiological associations between brachycephaly and upper respiratory tract disorders in dogs attending veterinary practices in England. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-015-0023-8 O’Neill, D., Skipper, A. M., Kadhim, J., Church, D. B., Brodbelt, D. C., & Packer, R. M. A. (2019). Disorders of Bulldogs under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013. PLoS ONE, 14(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217928 Orozco, S y Gómez, L. (2003). Manejo médico y quirúrgico del síndrome de las vías aéreas superiores del braquicéfalo. Reporte de un caso. Rev Col Cienc Pec Vol. 16: 2. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2950/295026126007.pdf Packer, R., Hendricks, A., Tivers, M. S., & Burn, C. C. (2015). Impact of facial conformation on canine health: Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. PLoS ONE, 10(10), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496 Packer, R., O’Neill, D. G., Fletcher, F., & Farnworth, M. J. (2019). Great expectations, inconvenient truths, and the paradoxes of the dog-owner relationship for owners of brachycephalic dogs. PLoS ONE, 14(7), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219918 Pedersen, N., Pooch, A. S., & Liu, H. (2016). A genetic assessment of the English bulldog. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 3(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-016-0036-y Reeve, E., Sutton, D., Friend, E. J., & Warren, C. (2017). Documenting the prevalence of hiatal hernia and oesophageal abnormalities in brachycephalic dogs using fluoroscopy. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 58(12), 1–5. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsap.12734 Sahr, S., Dietrich, A., & Oechtering, G. (2021). Evaluating malformations of the lacrimal drainage system in brachycephalic dog breeds: A comparative computed tomography analysis. PLoS ONE, 16(9 September), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257020 Selba, M., Oechtering, G. U., Heng, H. G., & DeLeon, V. B. (2020). The Impact of Selection for Facial Reduction in Dogs: Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Canine Cranial Shape. Anatomical Record, 303(2), 330–346. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24184 Seppänen, R., Kaimio, M., Schildt, K. J. M., Lilja-Maula, L., Hyytiäinen, H. K., Mölsä, S., Morelius, M., Rajamäki, M. M., Lappalainen, A. K., & Rantala, M. (2019). Skin and ear health in a group of English bulldogs in Finland – a descriptive study with special reference to owner perceptions. Veterinary Dermatology, 30(4), 307-e85. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12752 Thomas, R. (2011). Entropion. Repositorio Scottsdale, 1. www.tsvcpets.com. https://scottsdaleveterinaryclinic.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/02/Entropion.pdfVeterinary Policy Research Foundation. “s.f.”. 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12:52:13.375open.accesshttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de 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