Effect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass system
This work aims to determine the most suitable synthesis route using calcium phosphate ceramic pastes with Mg to generate scaffolds with antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans from ceramic powders obtained by sol–gel (SGM) and self-combustion (SCM) routes. Calcium ph...
- Autores:
-
Jaramillo, Natalia
Moreno, Ana
Ospina, Valentina
Lopera, Alex
Peláez Vargas, Alejandro
Cupitra, Nelson
García, Claudia
Paucar, Carlos
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UCC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/55128
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/55128
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.134907
- Palabra clave:
- 610
Calcium phosphate synthesis
Co-culture
S. mutans
C. Albicans
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
| id |
COOPER2_c4075278ff494eec73ac44b9f151439a |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/55128 |
| network_acronym_str |
COOPER2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio UCC |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Effect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass system |
| title |
Effect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass system |
| spellingShingle |
Effect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass system 610 Calcium phosphate synthesis Co-culture S. mutans C. Albicans |
| title_short |
Effect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass system |
| title_full |
Effect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass system |
| title_fullStr |
Effect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass system |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass system |
| title_sort |
Effect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass system |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Jaramillo, Natalia Moreno, Ana Ospina, Valentina Lopera, Alex Peláez Vargas, Alejandro Cupitra, Nelson García, Claudia Paucar, Carlos |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Jaramillo, Natalia Moreno, Ana Ospina, Valentina Lopera, Alex Peláez Vargas, Alejandro Cupitra, Nelson García, Claudia Paucar, Carlos |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.none.fl_str_mv |
GIOM |
| dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv |
610 |
| topic |
610 Calcium phosphate synthesis Co-culture S. mutans C. Albicans |
| dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv |
Calcium phosphate synthesis Co-culture S. mutans C. Albicans |
| description |
This work aims to determine the most suitable synthesis route using calcium phosphate ceramic pastes with Mg to generate scaffolds with antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans from ceramic powders obtained by sol–gel (SGM) and self-combustion (SCM) routes. Calcium phosphates in SGM processes present a mixture of several types of crystalline phases, whereas SCM leads to a single β-TCP phase. The in vitro antimicrobial activity study showed that CP-C/Mg by SCM had a better effect than CP-S by SGM against C. albicans. For S. mutans, no inhibitory effect was found. In addition, the co-culture of these two species showed an inhibitory effect on the evaluated materials. These results formulated a ceramic paste based on the β-TCP/Mg/ bioglass system by the design of experiments to obtain 3D-printed scaffolds. These ceramic materials show promise as devices for the regeneration of dental tissues. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-07-12 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-03-04T23:05:25Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-03-04T23:05:25Z |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Artículo |
| dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv |
Jaramillo N, Moreno A, Ospina V, Lopera A, Pelaez-Vargas A, Cupitra NI, García C, Paucar C. Effect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass system. Materials Letters. 2023 Nov 1;350:134907.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/55128 |
| dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv |
0167-577X |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/55128 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.134907 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Jaramillo N, Moreno A, Ospina V, Lopera A, Pelaez-Vargas A, Cupitra NI, García C, Paucar C. Effect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass system. Materials Letters. 2023 Nov 1;350:134907.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/55128 0167-577X |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/55128 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.134907 |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv |
5 |
| dc.relation.citationissue.none.fl_str_mv |
134907 |
| dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv |
1 |
| dc.relation.citationvolume.none.fl_str_mv |
350 |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv |
Materials Letters |
| dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
characterisation and in vitro evaluation of sol–gel derived SiO2–P2O5–CaO–B2O3 bioactive system, Ceram. Int. 40 (7) (2014) 9517–9524. T.Y. Hosida, et al., Effects of Sodium Hexametaphosphate and Fluoride on the pH and Inorganic Components of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Biofilm after Sucrose Exposure, Antibiotics 11 (8) (2022.) 1044, https://doi.org/10.3390/ antibiotics11081044. N. Jaramillo, A. Moreno, R. S´anchez, V. Ospina, A. Pel´aez-Vargas, C. García, C. Paucar, Influence of composition of β-TCP and borate bioglass scaffolds on cell proliferation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: osteogenic differentiation, MRS Adv. 6 (16) (2021) 434–443. N.W. Tietz, A.D. Rinker, L.M. Shaw, IFCC method for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes part 5. IFCC method for alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase, alkaline optimum, EC3.1.3.1), J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 21 (1983) 731–748. D.D.S. Tavares, L.d.O. Castro, G.D.d.A. Soares, G.G. Alves, J.M. Granjeiro, Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of granular magnesium substituted β-tricalcium phosphate, J. Appl. Oral Sci. 21 (1) (2013) 37–42. S. Vylkova, A.J. Carman, H.A. Danhof, J.R. Collette, H. Zhou, M.C. Lorenz, The fungal pathogen Candida albicans autoinduces hyphal morphogenesis by raising extracellular pH, MBio 2 (3) (2011) e00055–e00111, https://doi.org/10.1128/ mBio.00055-11. S.G. Dashper, E.C. Reynolds, pH regulation by Streptococcus mutans, J Dent Res. 71 (5) (1992) 1159–1165, https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345920710050601. L. Zhu, P. Wan, J. Duan, L. Tan, K. Yang, An alternative magnesium-based root canal disinfectant: Preliminary study of its efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in vitro, Prog. Nat. Sci.: Mater. Int. 24 (5) (2014) 441–445. O. Yamamoto, Influence of particle size on the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide, Int. J. Inorg. Mater. 3 (7) (2001) 643–646, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-6049 (01)00197-0. |
| dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.creativecommons.none.fl_str_mv |
CC0 1.0 Universal |
| dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ CC0 1.0 Universal http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
5 |
| dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Odontología, Especialización en Ortodoncia, Medellín y Envigado. |
| dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv |
Medellín |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Odontología, Especialización en Ortodoncia, Medellín y Envigado. |
| institution |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/5adfe35d-5a3d-4504-8a8c-c87a2cfa42e9/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/2189b96a-8e65-4887-8fb6-8835b608334c/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/8b0d16e1-7390-4951-a8ab-34cd60e61adb/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/772d691a-c54f-4424-83bd-17b6e9aec45a/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/312fa848-df7e-42dd-a6f7-fb660f294a9c/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/30f0b43f-3b25-4cd0-89b2-6de377f73291/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/b5da0314-0cd8-49b0-b8c6-7960e872d0ee/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/baa16d4a-ef50-49c6-9d67-8d4a151fa505/download |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45 42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708c d2ae236f4c40e1b4c41c4c96d05d9e21 85cadc7a027d53d5bd4578a33937b7a4 f36afc887205bad141534584f95a4606 04537acfaf39143fe0e3cf416323af7b fbf3c4deb21bb368072444ae0b5874f2 7f41273b226a4d984afd0725b2f3cc11 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdigital@metabiblioteca.com |
| _version_ |
1814246825288269824 |
| spelling |
Jaramillo, NataliaMoreno, AnaOspina, ValentinaLopera, AlexPeláez Vargas, AlejandroCupitra, NelsonGarcía, ClaudiaPaucar, CarlosGIOM2024-03-04T23:05:25Z2024-03-04T23:05:25Z2023-07-12Jaramillo N, Moreno A, Ospina V, Lopera A, Pelaez-Vargas A, Cupitra NI, García C, Paucar C. Effect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass system. Materials Letters. 2023 Nov 1;350:134907.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/551280167-577Xhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/55128https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.134907This work aims to determine the most suitable synthesis route using calcium phosphate ceramic pastes with Mg to generate scaffolds with antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans from ceramic powders obtained by sol–gel (SGM) and self-combustion (SCM) routes. Calcium phosphates in SGM processes present a mixture of several types of crystalline phases, whereas SCM leads to a single β-TCP phase. The in vitro antimicrobial activity study showed that CP-C/Mg by SCM had a better effect than CP-S by SGM against C. albicans. For S. mutans, no inhibitory effect was found. In addition, the co-culture of these two species showed an inhibitory effect on the evaluated materials. These results formulated a ceramic paste based on the β-TCP/Mg/ bioglass system by the design of experiments to obtain 3D-printed scaffolds. These ceramic materials show promise as devices for the regeneration of dental tissues.Biomaterials5application/pdfengUniversidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Odontología, Especialización en Ortodoncia, Medellín y Envigado.Medellínhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2610Calcium phosphate synthesisCo-cultureS. mutansC. AlbicansEffect of synthesis on the antimicrobial response of β-TCP/Mg with potential applications in the regeneration of dental tissue: 3D printing of ceramic paste in a β-TCP/Mg/bioglass systemArtículohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion51349071350Materials Letterscharacterisation and in vitro evaluation of sol–gel derived SiO2–P2O5–CaO–B2O3 bioactive system, Ceram. Int. 40 (7) (2014) 9517–9524.T.Y. Hosida, et al., Effects of Sodium Hexametaphosphate and Fluoride on the pH and Inorganic Components of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Biofilm after Sucrose Exposure, Antibiotics 11 (8) (2022.) 1044, https://doi.org/10.3390/ antibiotics11081044.N. Jaramillo, A. Moreno, R. S´anchez, V. Ospina, A. Pel´aez-Vargas, C. García, C. Paucar, Influence of composition of β-TCP and borate bioglass scaffolds on cell proliferation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: osteogenic differentiation, MRS Adv. 6 (16) (2021) 434–443.N.W. Tietz, A.D. Rinker, L.M. Shaw, IFCC method for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes part 5. IFCC method for alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase, alkaline optimum, EC3.1.3.1), J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 21 (1983) 731–748.D.D.S. Tavares, L.d.O. Castro, G.D.d.A. Soares, G.G. Alves, J.M. Granjeiro, Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of granular magnesium substituted β-tricalcium phosphate, J. Appl. Oral Sci. 21 (1) (2013) 37–42.S. Vylkova, A.J. Carman, H.A. Danhof, J.R. Collette, H. Zhou, M.C. Lorenz, The fungal pathogen Candida albicans autoinduces hyphal morphogenesis by raising extracellular pH, MBio 2 (3) (2011) e00055–e00111, https://doi.org/10.1128/ mBio.00055-11.S.G. Dashper, E.C. Reynolds, pH regulation by Streptococcus mutans, J Dent Res. 71 (5) (1992) 1159–1165, https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345920710050601.L. Zhu, P. Wan, J. Duan, L. Tan, K. Yang, An alternative magnesium-based root canal disinfectant: Preliminary study of its efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in vitro, Prog. Nat. Sci.: Mater. Int. 24 (5) (2014) 441–445.O. Yamamoto, Influence of particle size on the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide, Int. J. Inorg. Mater. 3 (7) (2001) 643–646, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-6049 (01)00197-0.PublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/5adfe35d-5a3d-4504-8a8c-c87a2cfa42e9/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD54CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/2189b96a-8e65-4887-8fb6-8835b608334c/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD53ORIGINAL2023_OthersandPelaez-Vargas_3D_printing_BTCP_antimicrobial_MatLet.pdf2023_OthersandPelaez-Vargas_3D_printing_BTCP_antimicrobial_MatLet.pdfapplication/pdf5819063https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/8b0d16e1-7390-4951-a8ab-34cd60e61adb/downloadd2ae236f4c40e1b4c41c4c96d05d9e21MD512023_OthersandPelaez-Vargas_3D_printing_BTCP_antimicrobial_MatLet_Licence.pdf2023_OthersandPelaez-Vargas_3D_printing_BTCP_antimicrobial_MatLet_Licence.pdfapplication/pdf260919https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/772d691a-c54f-4424-83bd-17b6e9aec45a/download85cadc7a027d53d5bd4578a33937b7a4MD52TEXT2023_OthersandPelaez-Vargas_3D_printing_BTCP_antimicrobial_MatLet.pdf.txt2023_OthersandPelaez-Vargas_3D_printing_BTCP_antimicrobial_MatLet.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain16582https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/312fa848-df7e-42dd-a6f7-fb660f294a9c/downloadf36afc887205bad141534584f95a4606MD552023_OthersandPelaez-Vargas_3D_printing_BTCP_antimicrobial_MatLet_Licence.pdf.txt2023_OthersandPelaez-Vargas_3D_printing_BTCP_antimicrobial_MatLet_Licence.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain5813https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/30f0b43f-3b25-4cd0-89b2-6de377f73291/download04537acfaf39143fe0e3cf416323af7bMD57THUMBNAIL2023_OthersandPelaez-Vargas_3D_printing_BTCP_antimicrobial_MatLet.pdf.jpg2023_OthersandPelaez-Vargas_3D_printing_BTCP_antimicrobial_MatLet.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg14510https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/b5da0314-0cd8-49b0-b8c6-7960e872d0ee/downloadfbf3c4deb21bb368072444ae0b5874f2MD562023_OthersandPelaez-Vargas_3D_printing_BTCP_antimicrobial_MatLet_Licence.pdf.jpg2023_OthersandPelaez-Vargas_3D_printing_BTCP_antimicrobial_MatLet_Licence.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg12950https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/baa16d4a-ef50-49c6-9d67-8d4a151fa505/download7f41273b226a4d984afd0725b2f3cc11MD5820.500.12494/55128oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/551282024-08-10 22:47:13.076http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalrestrictedhttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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 |