La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerable
A lo largo de muchos años se ha catalogado la reproducción del panda gigante como una de las más complejas de entender, para ello se debe de analizar todos los aspectos posibles como lo es su conformación social, etología reproductiva, anatomía reproductiva y endocrinología. El extenuante estudio de...
- Autores:
-
Marín Franco, Manuela
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UCC
- Idioma:
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/53916
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/53916
- Palabra clave:
- Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Reproducción
Protocolos in situ y ex situ
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
id |
COOPER2_bb1057f9d69710a6ffbeb3d8c9397d61 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/53916 |
network_acronym_str |
COOPER2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio UCC |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerable |
title |
La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerable |
spellingShingle |
La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerable Ailuropoda melanoleuca Reproducción Protocolos in situ y ex situ |
title_short |
La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerable |
title_full |
La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerable |
title_fullStr |
La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerable |
title_full_unstemmed |
La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerable |
title_sort |
La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerable |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Marín Franco, Manuela |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Dueñas Ortiz, Fausto D´ Nicolas |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Marín Franco, Manuela |
dc.contributor.validator.none.fl_str_mv |
Dueñas Ortiz, Fausto D´ Nicolas |
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv |
Dueñas Ortiz, Fausto D´ Nicolas |
dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv |
Ailuropoda melanoleuca Reproducción Protocolos in situ y ex situ |
topic |
Ailuropoda melanoleuca Reproducción Protocolos in situ y ex situ |
description |
A lo largo de muchos años se ha catalogado la reproducción del panda gigante como una de las más complejas de entender, para ello se debe de analizar todos los aspectos posibles como lo es su conformación social, etología reproductiva, anatomía reproductiva y endocrinología. El extenuante estudio de millones de científicos ha permitido comprender el reconocimiento del manejo in situ y ex situ de esta especie. Este análisis sistemático de literatura desea proveerle al lector todos los conocimientos importantes para estudiar al panda gigante desde el impacto de los protocolos de conservación mediante la elaboración de diferentes arboles genealógicas provenientes de tres Zoológicos en el mundo (Ciudad de México, Prefectura de Wakayama y Tokio) hasta la ilustración a mano alzada de sus órganos reproductores. La expansión de estos saberes pretende plantear respuestas a las incógnitas que se han venido creando desde los primeros años de estudio hasta la actualidad. |
publishDate |
2024 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-01-18T13:40:27Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-01-18T13:40:27Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-01-17 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv |
Marín Franco, M. (2024). La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerable. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/53916 |
identifier_str_mv |
Marín Franco, M. (2024). La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerable. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/53916 |
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Misanimales.com. El oso panda en China, símbolo de cultura y tradición [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Sep 23]. Available from: https://misanimales.com/oso-panda-china-simbolo-cultura-tradicion/ Castro J. The Complicated Sex Lives of Giant Pandas [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2023 Jun 8]. Available from: https://www.livescience.com/56269-animal-sex-giant-pandas.html Swaisgood R, Wang D, Wei F&. Ailuropoda melanoleuca (errata version. 2016; Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T712A45033386.en AL JAZEERA AND NEWS AGENCIES. What is panda diplomacy, and why are the bears going back to China? [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/3/what-is-panda-diplomacy-and-why-are-the-bears-going-back-to López Alfonsín M, Sol Bucetto M. Las especies en peligro de extinción y los mecanismos para la recuperación y conservación de la biodiversidad: un estudio sobre la viabilidad de los mecanismos y las trabas burocráticas. LEX. 2019 May 30;17(23):300. UICN. Visión general . 2023 [cited 2023 Sep 29]. Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). Available from: https://www.iucn.org/es Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza y de los Recursos Naturales. Categorías y criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN Version 3.1 : aprobado en la 51° Reunión del Consejo de la UICN, Gland Suiza, 9 de Febrero 2000 [Internet]. UICN; 2012 [cited 2023 Sep 29]. 21–23 p. Available from: https://clasificacionespecies.mma.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CriteriosIUCNredlistcatspanish_2daEdicion.pdf Nozières JE. Deontología y Veterinaria Legal Facultad Veterinaria UAB REINTRODUCCIÓN DE ESPECIES AMENAZADAS Problemáticas y recomendaciones [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2023 Sep 29]. Available from: https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/trerecpro/2011/85780/reiespame.pdf Zhigang J, Jianping J, Yuezhao W, Yanyun Z. Red List of China’s Vertebrates 中国脊椎动物红色名录. Biodiversity Science [Internet]. 2016 May 13;24(5):506–51. Available from: http://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2016076 Kemmerer L, Boston L|. Bear Necessities Rescue, Rehabilitation, Sanctuary, and Advocacy Edited by [Internet]. 2015. Available from: www.brill.com/brill-typeface. Gaffi L, Zibordi F, Cremonesi G, Bisi F. SUN BEAR Conservation Action plan 2020 - 2029 RYER and Htamanthi WS [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Oct 2]. Available from: https://www.istituto-oikos.org/files/allegatoprogetto/2020/Sun_bear_Action_Plan_impaginato_web.pdf World Wildlife Fund. WORKING TOGETHER TO COMBAT ILLEGAL AND UNSUSTAINABLE WILDLIFE TRADE CORRUPTION IN WILDLIFE CONSERVATION: A PRIMER STRATEGIES FOR FIGHTING [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2023 Oct 2]. Available from: https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/1961/wci_strategies_for_fighting_corruption_wildlife_conservation.pdf Wiig Ø, Amstrup S, Atwood T, Laidre K, Lunn N, Obbard M et al. Ursus maritimus, Polar Bear THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIESTM. 2015 [cited 2023 Oct 2];2. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/es/species/22823/14871490 U.S. Fish and Wildlife. Polar Bear Conservation Management Plan [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2023 Oct 2]. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20170202073030/https://www.fws.gov/alaska/fisheries/mmm/polarbear/pdf/PBRT_Recovery_%20Plan_Book_FINAL_signed.pdf National forestry and Grassland Administration, National Park Administration. 认识大熊猫 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Sep 23]. Available from: http://www.forestry.gov.cn/c/www/zhzs/514552.jhtml MIN NEWS CULTURE. Shanglin Garden - the back garden of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the largest royal garden in Chinese history [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 31]. Available from: https://min.news/en/culture/0955c63e538242f0622449cc625825cc.html Jinguo Zhang, He Liu. 大熊猫人工繁育史上的第一次- 张金国:北京动物园 ( The first time in history of artificial breeding of giant pandas). [cited 2023 Oct 31]; Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Liu-He-3/publication/274065374_Giant_panda-Natural_Heritage_of_humanity/links/551361e50cf23203199bfcc5/Giant-panda-Natural-Heritage-of-humanity.pdf Olascoaga A. MANUAL DE PRINCIPALES PATOLOGÍAS Y TERAPÉUTICA EN EL PANDA GIGANTE (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) DURANTE LAS DIFERENTES ETAPAS FISIOLÓGICAS BAJO CONDICIONES DE CAUTIVERIO. 2011 [cited 2023 Oct 21]; Available from: http://www.economia.unam.mx/cechimex/chmxExtras/documentos/propuestasbecas/2011/albertoolascoaga/AOlascoagaAnexos.pdf Smitsonian´s national zoo & conservation biology institute. GIANT PANDA [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Oct 21]. Available from: https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/giant-panda Caro T, Walker H, Rossman Z, Hendrix M, Stankowich T. Why is the giant panda black and white? Behavioral Ecology. 2017 May 1;28(3):657–67. World Wildlife Fund. ESPECIES Y HÁBITATS: OSO PANDA [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.wwf.es/nuestro_trabajo/especies_y_habitats/oso_panda_/ Bordino J. Clima subtropical: qué es, características, flora y fauna [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.geoenciclopedia.com/clima-subtropical-que-es-caracteristicas-flora-y-fauna-619.html Jiang Z, Lu Xueli, Zhang Jinguo, Peng Jianjun. Mate preference and sexual selection in giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca in captivity [Internet]. 2009. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260794806 Zhou W, Wang M, Ma Y, Wang L, Hu Y, Wei F, et al. Community structure of the solitary giant pandas is maintained by indirect social connections. Mov Ecol. 2022 Dec 1;10(1). Gilad O, Swaisgood RR, Owen MA, Zhou X. Giant pandas use odor cues to discriminate kin from nonkin. Curr Zool. 2016 Aug 1;62(4):333–6. Zhao H, Yang JR, Xu H, Zhang J. Pseudogenization of the Umami Taste Receptor Gene Tas1r1 in the Giant Panda Coincided with its Dietary Switch to Bamboo. Mol Biol Evol [Internet]. 2010 Dec 1 [cited 2023 Oct 30];27(12):2669–73. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108379/ Guo W, Chen Y, Wang C, Ning R, Zeng B, Tang J, et al. The carnivorous digestive system and bamboo diet of giant pandas may shape their low gut bacterial diversity. Conserv Physiol. 2020 Jan 21;8(1). Wang X, Su DF, Jablonski NG, Ji X, Kelley J, Flynn LJ, et al. Earliest giant panda false thumb suggests conflicting demands for locomotion and feeding. Sci Rep. 2022 Dec 1;12(1). Xue Z, Zhang W, Wang L, Hou R, Zhang M, Fei L, et al. The bamboo-eating giant panda harbors a carnivore-like gut microbiota, with excessive seasonal variations. mBio. 2015 May 19;6(3):1–12. Devlin Hannah. Hard to bear: pandas poorly adapted for digesting bamboo, scientists find [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/may/19/hard-to-bear-pandas-poorly-adapted-for-digesting-bamboo-scientists-find Wang H, Zhong H, Hou R, Ayala J, Liu G, Yuan S, et al. A Diet Diverse in Bamboo Parts is Important for Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Metabolism and Health. Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 1;7(1). Smith Andrew, Yan Xie, Hoffmann Robert, Lunde Darrin, MacKinnon John, Wozencraft Chris. A Guide to the Mammals of China [Internet]. Course Book. Princeton University Press; 2010 [cited 2023 Nov 4]. Available from: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400834112/html Li B V., Alibhai S, Jewell Z, Li D, Zhang H. Using footprints to identify and sex giant pandas. Biol Conserv. 2018 Feb 1;218:83–90. Juqun Ye, Xu Juanhua, Yu Liyan, Niu Yong, Xie Jingqiang. MORPHOLOGY OF THE GIANT PANDA SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY AND ORGAN - HISTOLOGY [Internet]. Science Press; 1986 [cited 2023 Nov 1]. 282–290 p. Available from: https://book.sciencereading.cn/shop/book/Booksimple/onlineRead.do?id=BAB63D5875F9342139AF1281F1D7A70A9000&readMark=0 CHENGDU PAMBASSADOR. REPRODUCTION ET CROISSANCE DU JEUNE [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 4]. Available from: https://www.panda.fr/reproduction-et-croissance-du-jeune.html Kleiman DG. Ethology and Reproduction of Captive Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Z Tierpsychol. 1983;62(1):1–46. Swaisgood RR, Zhou X, Zhang G, Lindburg DG, Zhang H. Application of Behavioral Knowledge to Conservation in the Giant Panda. Int J Comp Psychol [Internet]. 2003 Dec 31 [cited 2023 Oct 4];16(2):67–8. Available from: https://escholarship.org/content/qt40g5k8cq/qt40g5k8cq.pdf?t=lnrciz Zhou W, Nie Y, Swaisgood RR, Li Y, Liu D, Wei F. Ecological context influences scent‐marking behavior in the giant panda. J Zool [Internet]. 2019 Nov 5 [cited 2023 Oct 9];309(3):191–9. Available from: https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12711 Zhang H, Li D, Wang C, Hull V. Delayed implantation in giant pandas: The first comprehensive empirical evidence. Reproduction [Internet]. 2009 Dec [cited 2023 Nov 4];138(6):979–86. Available from: https://rep.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/rep/138/6/979.xml#bib10 Sandell M. The Evolution of Seasonal Delayed Implantation. Q Rev Biol [Internet]. 1990 Mar;65(1):23–42. Available from: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/416583 Ueno Zoological Gardens. Crecimiento infantil [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 5]. Available from: https://www.ueno-panda.jp/growth_record/ Yanwu Lai, Qiang Zhou, Cheng Meiling, Tang Dan, Cheng Jianbin, Zhou Yingmin, et al. Discusión y perspectivas sobre los métodos de seguimiento del estro y la ovulación en pandas gigantes hembras en cautiverio [Internet]. 2022 Jan [cited 2023 Nov 5]. Available from: http://html.rhhz.net/scdwzz/html/68235.htm Tang Chunxiang, Durrant Barbara, Russ Kara, Bolamba Digbo. Monitoreo continuo de los cambios de queratinocitos vaginales en pandas gigantes. Revista de la Universidad Normal de Sichuan (Edición de Ciencias Naturales) . 2000;21:315–7. Japan- China Joint Research on Giant panda Breeding. Investigación: Estro y apareamiento del panda gigante [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Nov 5]. Available from: https://www.aws-s.com/panda_breeding_and_research/en/research/giantpanda.html Chaudhuri M, Kleiman DG, Wildt DE, Bush M, Frank ES, Thau RB. Urinary steroid concentrations during natural and gonadotrophin-induced oestrus and pregnancy in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Reproduction [Internet]. 1988 Sep 1;84(1):23–8. Available from: https://rep.bioscientifica.com/doi/10.1530/jrf.0.0840023 Bonney RC, Wood DJ, Kleimant DG. Endocrine correlates of behavioural oestrus in the female giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and associated hormonal changes in the male. Reproduction [Internet]. 1982 Jan 1;64(1):209–15. Available from: https://rep.bioscientifica.com/doi/10.1530/jrf.0.0640209 Tay T, Ni T, Kawi J, Desheng L, Yan H. Evidence-based practice Urine collection conditioning in determining the oestrous cycle of a captive female giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca. J Zoo Aquar Res [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 5];9(1). Available from: https://www.jzar.org/jzar/article/view/498/354 SMITHSONIAN´S NATIONAL ZOO & CONSERVATION BIOLOGY INSTITUTE. The Science Behind Giant Panda Veterinary Care. 2023 May 22 [cited 2023 Nov 5]; Available from: https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/news/science-behind-giant-panda-veterinary-care Zhang M yue, Wang X ying, Ayala J, Liu Y liang, An J hui, Wang D hui, et al. Combined urine metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing analyses reveals physiological mechanism underlying decline in natural mating behavior of captive giant pandas. Front Microbiol [Internet]. 2022 Sep 2;13. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.906737/full Huang Q, Fei Y, Yang H, Gu X, Songer M. Giant Panda National Park, a step towards streamlining protected areas and cohesive conservation management in China. Glob Ecol Conserv [Internet]. 2020 Jun 1 [cited 2023 Nov 6];22. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989419307887#fig1 Guan TP, Owens JR, Gong MH, Liu G, Ouyang ZY, Song YL. Role of new nature reserve in assisting endangered species conservation - Case study of giant pandas in the Northern Qionglai Mountains, China. PLoS One [Internet]. 2016 Aug 1 [cited 2023 Nov 6];11(8). Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0159738 Japan - China Joint Research on Giant Panda Breeding. Adventure World . 2020 [cited 2023 Nov 6]. HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS, PANDA PROFILES. Available from: https://www.aws-s.com/panda_breeding_and_research/en/history/individuals.html Ueno Zoological gardens. Perfiles pandas pasados [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2023 Nov 6]. Available from: https://www.ueno-panda.jp/history/ Giant panda global. CURRENT GIANT PANDAS, CHENGDU RESEARCH BASE OF GIANT PANDA BREEDING [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 6]. Available from: https://www.giantpandaglobal.com/category/zoo/chengdu-research-base-of-giant-panda-breeding/ Li D, Wintle NJP, Zhang G, Wang C, Luo B, Martin-Wintle MS, et al. Analyzing the past to understand the future: Natural mating yields better reproductive rates than artificial insemination in the giant panda. Biol Conserv. 2017 Dec 1;216:10–7. Li MF, Swaisgood RR, Owen MA, Zhang H, Zhang G, Qiu J, et al. Consequences of nescient mating: Artificial insemination increases cub rejection in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Appl Anim Behav Sci [Internet]. 2022 Feb;247:105565. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168159122000235 Martin-Wintle MS, Shepherdson D, Zhang G, Zhang H, Li D, Zhou X, et al. Free mate choice enhances conservation breeding in the endangered giant panda. Nat Commun. 2015 Dec 15;6. Zhang G, Swaisgood RR, Zhang H. Evaluation of behavioral factors influencing reproductive success and failure in captive giant pandas. Zoo Biol. 2004;23(1):15–31. Raven, H. Notes of the anatomy of the víscera of the Giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The American museum of natural history, New york city. 1936. Yibo Hu, Yonggang Nie, Wei Wei, Tianxiao Ma, Van Horn Rusell, Xiaoguang Zheng, et al. Inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance in wild giant pandas. 2017; 08(9). Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.14284 Ocampo R, Codano H. La endogamia en la producción animal. Universidad de Antioquia. Facultad de ciencias agrarias, 2013; (29)11. |
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ |
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-ND 4.0) |
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-ND 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Departamento de Antropología |
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv |
Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia |
dc.publisher.faculty.none.fl_str_mv |
Facultad |
dc.publisher.branch.none.fl_str_mv |
Campus Ibagué - Espinal |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Departamento de Antropología |
institution |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/946f205d-7622-49ff-9493-6091a4d9ef93/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/d60de027-6877-4d84-9c1b-0874800cc7d7/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/d0cf09ad-255f-4438-a462-6953fc32e078/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4c265e4c-f035-4402-9b17-192a97fe144e/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/687fbddc-1038-4e09-8c4f-c400c616392b/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/5fc04b26-cb1c-4e0b-8cbf-23a903a572e4/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/26bcca33-054d-4db2-a4ac-de3f6bfc0fd5/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/ef8e7592-40c4-40fa-bf6c-8680bda77778/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/8c498ed0-4203-4830-b2cc-9a7de74be2e5/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/3e8badd6-4c2a-4e70-af99-aabb5007d922/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683 cfb764f0b16979715f04001c997a2375 32271380e8d30de5454cb13914292a0c 0150ac57d61cd49d3611111595225e93 37fc266b48078f09afef796f5b5c35a6 1061cf71e4a04731fcb61004505bea47 47c9258168527cc20edd25329e237d3a 393d297366b392b872f5b4461839157f 961b9df5dee44a67743a61d11db98601 669f5894a2019e9f5c15d684654b2f84 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdigital@metabiblioteca.com |
_version_ |
1814246554679115776 |
spelling |
Dueñas Ortiz, Fausto D´ NicolasMarín Franco, ManuelaDueñas Ortiz, Fausto D´ NicolasDueñas Ortiz, Fausto D´ Nicolas2024-01-18T13:40:27Z2024-01-18T13:40:27Z2024-01-17Marín Franco, M. (2024). La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerable. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/53916A lo largo de muchos años se ha catalogado la reproducción del panda gigante como una de las más complejas de entender, para ello se debe de analizar todos los aspectos posibles como lo es su conformación social, etología reproductiva, anatomía reproductiva y endocrinología. El extenuante estudio de millones de científicos ha permitido comprender el reconocimiento del manejo in situ y ex situ de esta especie. Este análisis sistemático de literatura desea proveerle al lector todos los conocimientos importantes para estudiar al panda gigante desde el impacto de los protocolos de conservación mediante la elaboración de diferentes arboles genealógicas provenientes de tres Zoológicos en el mundo (Ciudad de México, Prefectura de Wakayama y Tokio) hasta la ilustración a mano alzada de sus órganos reproductores. La expansión de estos saberes pretende plantear respuestas a las incógnitas que se han venido creando desde los primeros años de estudio hasta la actualidad.1. Resumen. -- 2. Abstract. -- 3. Introducción. -- 4. Objetivo general. -- 5. Objetivos específicos. -- 6. Planteamiento del problema. -- 7. Justificación. -- 8. Estado del arte. -- 9. Marco referencial. -- 10. Anatomía reproductiva. -- 11. La reproducción del Ailuropoda melanoleuca. -- 12. Etología reproductiva. -- 13. Endocrinología reproductiva del Ailuropoda melanoleuca. -- 14. Protocolos de conservación. -- 15. Metodología. -- 16. Resultados. -- 17. Proceso de selección en publicaciones. -- 18. Presentación de las publicaciones seleccionadas al objetivo de estudio. -- 19.Discusión. -- 20. Conclusión. -- 21. Referencias.PregradoMedicina Veterinaria y Zootecniaapplication/pdfUniversidad Cooperativa de ColombiaDepartamento de AntropologíaMedicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaFacultadCampus Ibagué - Espinalhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-ND 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2La reproducción in situ y ex situ del panda gigante ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) y sus protocolos de conservación como especie en estado vulnerableTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionMisanimales.com. El oso panda en China, símbolo de cultura y tradición [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Sep 23]. Available from: https://misanimales.com/oso-panda-china-simbolo-cultura-tradicion/Castro J. The Complicated Sex Lives of Giant Pandas [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2023 Jun 8]. Available from: https://www.livescience.com/56269-animal-sex-giant-pandas.htmlSwaisgood R, Wang D, Wei F&. Ailuropoda melanoleuca (errata version. 2016; Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T712A45033386.enAL JAZEERA AND NEWS AGENCIES. What is panda diplomacy, and why are the bears going back to China? [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/3/what-is-panda-diplomacy-and-why-are-the-bears-going-back-toLópez Alfonsín M, Sol Bucetto M. Las especies en peligro de extinción y los mecanismos para la recuperación y conservación de la biodiversidad: un estudio sobre la viabilidad de los mecanismos y las trabas burocráticas. LEX. 2019 May 30;17(23):300.UICN. Visión general . 2023 [cited 2023 Sep 29]. Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). Available from: https://www.iucn.org/esUnión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza y de los Recursos Naturales. Categorías y criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN Version 3.1 : aprobado en la 51° Reunión del Consejo de la UICN, Gland Suiza, 9 de Febrero 2000 [Internet]. UICN; 2012 [cited 2023 Sep 29]. 21–23 p. Available from: https://clasificacionespecies.mma.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CriteriosIUCNredlistcatspanish_2daEdicion.pdfNozières JE. Deontología y Veterinaria Legal Facultad Veterinaria UAB REINTRODUCCIÓN DE ESPECIES AMENAZADAS Problemáticas y recomendaciones [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2023 Sep 29]. Available from: https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/trerecpro/2011/85780/reiespame.pdfZhigang J, Jianping J, Yuezhao W, Yanyun Z. Red List of China’s Vertebrates 中国脊椎动物红色名录. Biodiversity Science [Internet]. 2016 May 13;24(5):506–51. Available from: http://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2016076Kemmerer L, Boston L|. Bear Necessities Rescue, Rehabilitation, Sanctuary, and Advocacy Edited by [Internet]. 2015. Available from: www.brill.com/brill-typeface.Gaffi L, Zibordi F, Cremonesi G, Bisi F. SUN BEAR Conservation Action plan 2020 - 2029 RYER and Htamanthi WS [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Oct 2]. Available from: https://www.istituto-oikos.org/files/allegatoprogetto/2020/Sun_bear_Action_Plan_impaginato_web.pdfWorld Wildlife Fund. WORKING TOGETHER TO COMBAT ILLEGAL AND UNSUSTAINABLE WILDLIFE TRADE CORRUPTION IN WILDLIFE CONSERVATION: A PRIMER STRATEGIES FOR FIGHTING [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2023 Oct 2]. Available from: https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/1961/wci_strategies_for_fighting_corruption_wildlife_conservation.pdfWiig Ø, Amstrup S, Atwood T, Laidre K, Lunn N, Obbard M et al. Ursus maritimus, Polar Bear THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIESTM. 2015 [cited 2023 Oct 2];2. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/es/species/22823/14871490U.S. Fish and Wildlife. Polar Bear Conservation Management Plan [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2023 Oct 2]. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20170202073030/https://www.fws.gov/alaska/fisheries/mmm/polarbear/pdf/PBRT_Recovery_%20Plan_Book_FINAL_signed.pdfNational forestry and Grassland Administration, National Park Administration. 认识大熊猫 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Sep 23]. Available from: http://www.forestry.gov.cn/c/www/zhzs/514552.jhtmlMIN NEWS CULTURE. Shanglin Garden - the back garden of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the largest royal garden in Chinese history [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 31]. Available from: https://min.news/en/culture/0955c63e538242f0622449cc625825cc.htmlJinguo Zhang, He Liu. 大熊猫人工繁育史上的第一次- 张金国:北京动物园 ( The first time in history of artificial breeding of giant pandas). [cited 2023 Oct 31]; Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Liu-He-3/publication/274065374_Giant_panda-Natural_Heritage_of_humanity/links/551361e50cf23203199bfcc5/Giant-panda-Natural-Heritage-of-humanity.pdfOlascoaga A. MANUAL DE PRINCIPALES PATOLOGÍAS Y TERAPÉUTICA EN EL PANDA GIGANTE (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) DURANTE LAS DIFERENTES ETAPAS FISIOLÓGICAS BAJO CONDICIONES DE CAUTIVERIO. 2011 [cited 2023 Oct 21]; Available from: http://www.economia.unam.mx/cechimex/chmxExtras/documentos/propuestasbecas/2011/albertoolascoaga/AOlascoagaAnexos.pdfSmitsonian´s national zoo & conservation biology institute. GIANT PANDA [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Oct 21]. Available from: https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/giant-pandaCaro T, Walker H, Rossman Z, Hendrix M, Stankowich T. Why is the giant panda black and white? Behavioral Ecology. 2017 May 1;28(3):657–67.World Wildlife Fund. ESPECIES Y HÁBITATS: OSO PANDA [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.wwf.es/nuestro_trabajo/especies_y_habitats/oso_panda_/Bordino J. Clima subtropical: qué es, características, flora y fauna [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.geoenciclopedia.com/clima-subtropical-que-es-caracteristicas-flora-y-fauna-619.htmlJiang Z, Lu Xueli, Zhang Jinguo, Peng Jianjun. Mate preference and sexual selection in giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca in captivity [Internet]. 2009. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260794806Zhou W, Wang M, Ma Y, Wang L, Hu Y, Wei F, et al. Community structure of the solitary giant pandas is maintained by indirect social connections. Mov Ecol. 2022 Dec 1;10(1).Gilad O, Swaisgood RR, Owen MA, Zhou X. Giant pandas use odor cues to discriminate kin from nonkin. Curr Zool. 2016 Aug 1;62(4):333–6.Zhao H, Yang JR, Xu H, Zhang J. Pseudogenization of the Umami Taste Receptor Gene Tas1r1 in the Giant Panda Coincided with its Dietary Switch to Bamboo. Mol Biol Evol [Internet]. 2010 Dec 1 [cited 2023 Oct 30];27(12):2669–73. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108379/Guo W, Chen Y, Wang C, Ning R, Zeng B, Tang J, et al. The carnivorous digestive system and bamboo diet of giant pandas may shape their low gut bacterial diversity. Conserv Physiol. 2020 Jan 21;8(1).Wang X, Su DF, Jablonski NG, Ji X, Kelley J, Flynn LJ, et al. Earliest giant panda false thumb suggests conflicting demands for locomotion and feeding. Sci Rep. 2022 Dec 1;12(1).Xue Z, Zhang W, Wang L, Hou R, Zhang M, Fei L, et al. The bamboo-eating giant panda harbors a carnivore-like gut microbiota, with excessive seasonal variations. mBio. 2015 May 19;6(3):1–12.Devlin Hannah. Hard to bear: pandas poorly adapted for digesting bamboo, scientists find [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2023 Nov 3]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/may/19/hard-to-bear-pandas-poorly-adapted-for-digesting-bamboo-scientists-findWang H, Zhong H, Hou R, Ayala J, Liu G, Yuan S, et al. A Diet Diverse in Bamboo Parts is Important for Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Metabolism and Health. Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 1;7(1).Smith Andrew, Yan Xie, Hoffmann Robert, Lunde Darrin, MacKinnon John, Wozencraft Chris. A Guide to the Mammals of China [Internet]. Course Book. Princeton University Press; 2010 [cited 2023 Nov 4]. Available from: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400834112/htmlLi B V., Alibhai S, Jewell Z, Li D, Zhang H. Using footprints to identify and sex giant pandas. Biol Conserv. 2018 Feb 1;218:83–90.Juqun Ye, Xu Juanhua, Yu Liyan, Niu Yong, Xie Jingqiang. MORPHOLOGY OF THE GIANT PANDA SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY AND ORGAN - HISTOLOGY [Internet]. Science Press; 1986 [cited 2023 Nov 1]. 282–290 p. Available from: https://book.sciencereading.cn/shop/book/Booksimple/onlineRead.do?id=BAB63D5875F9342139AF1281F1D7A70A9000&readMark=0CHENGDU PAMBASSADOR. REPRODUCTION ET CROISSANCE DU JEUNE [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 4]. Available from: https://www.panda.fr/reproduction-et-croissance-du-jeune.htmlKleiman DG. Ethology and Reproduction of Captive Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Z Tierpsychol. 1983;62(1):1–46.Swaisgood RR, Zhou X, Zhang G, Lindburg DG, Zhang H. Application of Behavioral Knowledge to Conservation in the Giant Panda. Int J Comp Psychol [Internet]. 2003 Dec 31 [cited 2023 Oct 4];16(2):67–8. Available from: https://escholarship.org/content/qt40g5k8cq/qt40g5k8cq.pdf?t=lnrcizZhou W, Nie Y, Swaisgood RR, Li Y, Liu D, Wei F. Ecological context influences scent‐marking behavior in the giant panda. J Zool [Internet]. 2019 Nov 5 [cited 2023 Oct 9];309(3):191–9. Available from: https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzo.12711Zhang H, Li D, Wang C, Hull V. Delayed implantation in giant pandas: The first comprehensive empirical evidence. Reproduction [Internet]. 2009 Dec [cited 2023 Nov 4];138(6):979–86. Available from: https://rep.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/rep/138/6/979.xml#bib10Sandell M. The Evolution of Seasonal Delayed Implantation. Q Rev Biol [Internet]. 1990 Mar;65(1):23–42. Available from: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/416583Ueno Zoological Gardens. Crecimiento infantil [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 5]. Available from: https://www.ueno-panda.jp/growth_record/Yanwu Lai, Qiang Zhou, Cheng Meiling, Tang Dan, Cheng Jianbin, Zhou Yingmin, et al. Discusión y perspectivas sobre los métodos de seguimiento del estro y la ovulación en pandas gigantes hembras en cautiverio [Internet]. 2022 Jan [cited 2023 Nov 5]. Available from: http://html.rhhz.net/scdwzz/html/68235.htmTang Chunxiang, Durrant Barbara, Russ Kara, Bolamba Digbo. Monitoreo continuo de los cambios de queratinocitos vaginales en pandas gigantes. Revista de la Universidad Normal de Sichuan (Edición de Ciencias Naturales) . 2000;21:315–7.Japan- China Joint Research on Giant panda Breeding. Investigación: Estro y apareamiento del panda gigante [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Nov 5]. Available from: https://www.aws-s.com/panda_breeding_and_research/en/research/giantpanda.htmlChaudhuri M, Kleiman DG, Wildt DE, Bush M, Frank ES, Thau RB. Urinary steroid concentrations during natural and gonadotrophin-induced oestrus and pregnancy in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Reproduction [Internet]. 1988 Sep 1;84(1):23–8. Available from: https://rep.bioscientifica.com/doi/10.1530/jrf.0.0840023Bonney RC, Wood DJ, Kleimant DG. Endocrine correlates of behavioural oestrus in the female giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and associated hormonal changes in the male. Reproduction [Internet]. 1982 Jan 1;64(1):209–15. Available from: https://rep.bioscientifica.com/doi/10.1530/jrf.0.0640209Tay T, Ni T, Kawi J, Desheng L, Yan H. Evidence-based practice Urine collection conditioning in determining the oestrous cycle of a captive female giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca. J Zoo Aquar Res [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 5];9(1). Available from: https://www.jzar.org/jzar/article/view/498/354SMITHSONIAN´S NATIONAL ZOO & CONSERVATION BIOLOGY INSTITUTE. The Science Behind Giant Panda Veterinary Care. 2023 May 22 [cited 2023 Nov 5]; Available from: https://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/news/science-behind-giant-panda-veterinary-careZhang M yue, Wang X ying, Ayala J, Liu Y liang, An J hui, Wang D hui, et al. Combined urine metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing analyses reveals physiological mechanism underlying decline in natural mating behavior of captive giant pandas. Front Microbiol [Internet]. 2022 Sep 2;13. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.906737/fullHuang Q, Fei Y, Yang H, Gu X, Songer M. Giant Panda National Park, a step towards streamlining protected areas and cohesive conservation management in China. Glob Ecol Conserv [Internet]. 2020 Jun 1 [cited 2023 Nov 6];22. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989419307887#fig1Guan TP, Owens JR, Gong MH, Liu G, Ouyang ZY, Song YL. Role of new nature reserve in assisting endangered species conservation - Case study of giant pandas in the Northern Qionglai Mountains, China. PLoS One [Internet]. 2016 Aug 1 [cited 2023 Nov 6];11(8). Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0159738Japan - China Joint Research on Giant Panda Breeding. Adventure World . 2020 [cited 2023 Nov 6]. HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS, PANDA PROFILES. Available from: https://www.aws-s.com/panda_breeding_and_research/en/history/individuals.htmlUeno Zoological gardens. Perfiles pandas pasados [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2023 Nov 6]. Available from: https://www.ueno-panda.jp/history/Giant panda global. CURRENT GIANT PANDAS, CHENGDU RESEARCH BASE OF GIANT PANDA BREEDING [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 6]. Available from: https://www.giantpandaglobal.com/category/zoo/chengdu-research-base-of-giant-panda-breeding/Li D, Wintle NJP, Zhang G, Wang C, Luo B, Martin-Wintle MS, et al. Analyzing the past to understand the future: Natural mating yields better reproductive rates than artificial insemination in the giant panda. Biol Conserv. 2017 Dec 1;216:10–7.Li MF, Swaisgood RR, Owen MA, Zhang H, Zhang G, Qiu J, et al. Consequences of nescient mating: Artificial insemination increases cub rejection in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Appl Anim Behav Sci [Internet]. 2022 Feb;247:105565. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168159122000235Martin-Wintle MS, Shepherdson D, Zhang G, Zhang H, Li D, Zhou X, et al. Free mate choice enhances conservation breeding in the endangered giant panda. Nat Commun. 2015 Dec 15;6.Zhang G, Swaisgood RR, Zhang H. Evaluation of behavioral factors influencing reproductive success and failure in captive giant pandas. Zoo Biol. 2004;23(1):15–31.Raven, H. Notes of the anatomy of the víscera of the Giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The American museum of natural history, New york city. 1936.Yibo Hu, Yonggang Nie, Wei Wei, Tianxiao Ma, Van Horn Rusell, Xiaoguang Zheng, et al. Inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance in wild giant pandas. 2017; 08(9). Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.14284Ocampo R, Codano H. La endogamia en la producción animal. Universidad de Antioquia. Facultad de ciencias agrarias, 2013; (29)11.Ailuropoda melanoleucaReproducciónProtocolos in situ y ex situPublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/946f205d-7622-49ff-9493-6091a4d9ef93/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD51ORIGINAL2024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante.pdf2024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante.pdfTrabajo de gradosapplication/pdf1826424https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/d60de027-6877-4d84-9c1b-0874800cc7d7/downloadcfb764f0b16979715f04001c997a2375MD522024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante-ActaSustentacion.pdf2024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante-ActaSustentacion.pdfActa de sustentaciónapplication/pdf131054https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/d0cf09ad-255f-4438-a462-6953fc32e078/download32271380e8d30de5454cb13914292a0cMD532024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante-FormatoLicenciaUso.pdf2024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante-FormatoLicenciaUso.pdfLicencia de usoapplication/pdf208648https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4c265e4c-f035-4402-9b17-192a97fe144e/download0150ac57d61cd49d3611111595225e93MD54TEXT2024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante.pdf.txt2024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain101962https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/687fbddc-1038-4e09-8c4f-c400c616392b/download37fc266b48078f09afef796f5b5c35a6MD552024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante-ActaSustentacion.pdf.txt2024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante-ActaSustentacion.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1317https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/5fc04b26-cb1c-4e0b-8cbf-23a903a572e4/download1061cf71e4a04731fcb61004505bea47MD572024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante-FormatoLicenciaUso.pdf.txt2024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante-FormatoLicenciaUso.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain5859https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/26bcca33-054d-4db2-a4ac-de3f6bfc0fd5/download47c9258168527cc20edd25329e237d3aMD59THUMBNAIL2024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante.pdf.jpg2024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5829https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/ef8e7592-40c4-40fa-bf6c-8680bda77778/download393d297366b392b872f5b4461839157fMD562024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante-ActaSustentacion.pdf.jpg2024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante-ActaSustentacion.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg10956https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/8c498ed0-4203-4830-b2cc-9a7de74be2e5/download961b9df5dee44a67743a61d11db98601MD582024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante-FormatoLicenciaUso.pdf.jpg2024_reproduccion_situ_panda_gigante-FormatoLicenciaUso.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg12871https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/3e8badd6-4c2a-4e70-af99-aabb5007d922/download669f5894a2019e9f5c15d684654b2f84MD51020.500.12494/53916oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/539162024-08-09 12:30:19.696https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/open.accesshttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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 |