Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la Clínica Veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC.
Una de las herramientas básicas de diagnóstico en el manejo de la clínica diaria es la ecografía, ya que brinda un apoyo al clínico en la resolución de los diferentes casos que se puedan presentar; permitiendo obtener imágenes en tiempo real, las cuales nos brindan una aproximación más detallada hac...
- Autores:
-
Vanegas Boada, Mayra Alejandra
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UCC
- Idioma:
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/13836
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/13836
- Palabra clave:
- Ecografía.
Ecocardiografía.
Pequeños animales.
Aplicación móvil.
Ultrasound.
Echocardiography.
Small animals.
Mobile application.
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
id |
COOPER2_b2cf5b136f27b40dec5f49404b3d50ca |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/13836 |
network_acronym_str |
COOPER2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio UCC |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la Clínica Veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC. |
title |
Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la Clínica Veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC. |
spellingShingle |
Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la Clínica Veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC. Ecografía. Ecocardiografía. Pequeños animales. Aplicación móvil. Ultrasound. Echocardiography. Small animals. Mobile application. |
title_short |
Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la Clínica Veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC. |
title_full |
Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la Clínica Veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC. |
title_fullStr |
Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la Clínica Veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la Clínica Veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC. |
title_sort |
Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la Clínica Veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC. |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Vanegas Boada, Mayra Alejandra |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Arcila Quiceno, Víctor Hernán |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Vanegas Boada, Mayra Alejandra |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ecografía. Ecocardiografía. Pequeños animales. Aplicación móvil. |
topic |
Ecografía. Ecocardiografía. Pequeños animales. Aplicación móvil. Ultrasound. Echocardiography. Small animals. Mobile application. |
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ultrasound. Echocardiography. Small animals. Mobile application. |
description |
Una de las herramientas básicas de diagnóstico en el manejo de la clínica diaria es la ecografía, ya que brinda un apoyo al clínico en la resolución de los diferentes casos que se puedan presentar; permitiendo obtener imágenes en tiempo real, las cuales nos brindan una aproximación más detallada hacia el diagnostico a partir de estructuras anatómicas y sus diferentes hallazgos. Motivo por el cual son empleados en la actualidad como métodos de rutina en la práctica de la Medicina Veterinaria. Lo anterior junto con la innovación de las aplicaciones móviles, las cuales están fundamentadas en que, al instalar una de ellas, el usuario utiliza su dispositivo móvil como una fuente de búsqueda de conocimientos de forma inmediata, rápida y eficaz, esto hace necesario crear una aplicación ecográfica que permita al usuario interesado en el tema obtener de forma rápida información sobre esta técnica diagnóstica la cual va tomando fuerza día a día. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-09-12T18:00:30Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-09-12T18:00:30Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-09-11 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/13836 |
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Vanegas Boada M. A (2019) Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la clínica veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC (Tesis de pregrado) Recuperado de: http://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/13836 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/13836 |
identifier_str_mv |
Vanegas Boada M. A (2019) Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la clínica veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC (Tesis de pregrado) Recuperado de: http://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/13836 |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
L. A. Gil Grande. Unidad de Ecografías. Servicio de Gastroenterología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. Ecografía o ultrasonografía abdominal. Rev. esp. enferm. dig. vol.100 no.11 Madrid nov. 2008. Segura-Grau A, Sáez-Fernández A, Rodríguez-Lorenzo A, Díaz-Rodríguez N. Curso de ecografía abdominal. Introducción a la técnica ecográfica. Principios físicos. Lenguaje ecográfico. Semergen. 2014; 40(1):42–6. Bru Díez N. Principios Basicos De La Ecografia. 1992; 12: 9. Giraldo C. Principios básicos de Ultrasonografía Veterinaria. MVZ-Córdoba. 2003;8(2):303–9. Uco.es. Bases de estudio Ecográfico. [online] Albarracín-Navas JH (2016). Guía de procedimientos para el área de imagenología diagnóstica de la clínica veterinaria Animales de Compañía. (Documento de docencia N.o 4). Bogotá: Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Doi. Tello, Luis H.; Chován, Nora; Muñoz, Loreto. La enfermedad prostática en el perro y su diagnóstico ecotomográfico. Monografías de Medicina Veterinaria, Vol.17 (1 y 2), 1995. Encina M, Martínez G, Rojo C. Anatomía Veterinaria. Fac Vet Univ Complut. 2010;2 (1):1–20. Tello C., Luis; Rudolph R., Wilhelm; Prain B., Helen. Parámetros ecográficos cuantitativos del hígado normal en perros sanos. Monografías de Medicina Veterinaria, Vol.16 (1 y 2), 1994. Nyland TG, Mattoon DVMJS, Físicos P, Seguridad EY, Eric J, Wisner ER, et al. Técnicas De Exploración Ecográfica Abdominal. 2002. Tello C., Luis Hernán, Dr.; de Requeséns P., Joanna. Diagnóstico por imágenes en nefrología de pequeños animales. Monografías de Medicina Veterinaria, Vol.14 (2), diciembre, 1992. Sharpley JL, Marolf AJ, Reichle JK, Bachand AM, Randall EK (2012) Color and Doppler ultrasonography for characterization of splenic masses in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 53:586–590. Ohlerth S, Dennler M, Rüefli E, Hauser B, Poirier V, Siebeck N, Roos M, Kaser-Hotz B (2008) Contrast harmonic imaging characterization of canine splenic lesions. J Vet Intern Med 22:1095–1102. Hardie EM, Vaden SL, Spaulding K, Malarkey DE (1995) Splenic infarction in 16 dogs: A retrospective study. J Vet Intern Med 9:141–148. Laurenson MP, Hopper K, Herrera MA, Johnson EG (2010) Concurrent diseases and conditions in dogs with splenic vein thrombosis. J Vet Intern Med 24:1298–1304. Mai W (2006) The hilar perivenous hyperechoic triangle as a sign of acute splenic torsion in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:487–491. Càceres AV (2012) Association between hyperechoic splenic speckles and stripes with several medical conditions in 22 dogs [Abstract] Vet Radiol Ultrasound 53: 110. Lamb CR, Mantis P (1998) Ultrasonographic features of intestinal intussusception in 10 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 39:437–441. Patsikas MN, Papazoglou LG, Papaioannou NG, Savvas I, Kazakos GM, Dessiris AK (2003) Ultrasonographic findings of intestinal intussusception in seven cats. J FelineMed Surg 5:335–343. Dominguez E, Anadon E, Espada Y, Grau-Roma L, Majo N, Novellas R (2014) Imaging diagnosis-ultrasonographic appearance of small bowel metastasis from canine mammary carcinoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 55: 208–212. Baez JB, Hendrick MJ, Walker LM, Washabau RJ (1999) Radiographic, ultrasonographic, and endoscopic findings in cats with inflammatory bowel disease of the stomach and small intestine: 33 cases (1990–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:349–354. Bonagura JD, Herring DS (1985a) Echocardiography: Acquired heart disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 15:1209–1224. Hoffman KL (2003) Sonographic signs of gastroduodenal linear foreign body in 3 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:466–469. MacDonald JM, Mullen HS, Moroff SD (1993) Adenomatous polyps of the duodenum in cats: 18 cases (1985–1990). Jam Vet Med Assoc 202(4):647–651. Cesta MF, Baty CJ, Keene BW, Smoak IW, et al. (2005) Pathology of end stage remodeling in a family of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Vet Pathol 42:458–67.). Penninck DG, Moore AS, Gliatto J (1998) Ultrasonography of canine gastric epithelial neoplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:342–348. Graham JP, Newell SM, Gregore GB, Lester NV (2000) Ultrasonographic features of canine intestinal pythiosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:273–277. Tello C., Luis; Espinoza P., Dilma. Ecotomografía obstétrica en caninos. Monografías de Medicina Veterinaria, Vol.15 (1 y 2), diciembre, 1993. Fan TM, Simpson KW, Polack E, Dykes N, Harvey J (1999) Intestinal haemorrhage associated with colonic vascular ectasia (angiodysplasia) in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 40:25–30. Wallack ST, Hornof WJ, Herrgesell EJ (2003) Ultrasonographic diagnosis: Small bowel infarction in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:81–85. Seiler GS, Rhodes J, Cianciolo R, Casal ML (2010) Ultrasonographic fingings in cairn terriers with preclinical renal dysplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 51:453–457. Chandler ML, Elwood C, Murphy KF, Gajanayake I, Syme HM (2007) Juvenile nephropathy in 37 boxer dogs. J Small Anim Pract 48:690–694. Kittleson MD, Eyster GE, Knowlen GG, Olivier NB, et al. (1984) Myocardial function in small dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation and severe congestive heart failure. J Am Vet Med Ass 184:455–459. Barr FJ, Petteson MW, Lucke VM, Gibbs C (1989) Hypercalcemic nephropathy in three dogs: Sonographic appearance. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 30:169–173. Adams WH, Toal RL, Breider MA (1991) Ultrasonographic findings in dogs and cats with oxalate nephrosis attributable to ethylene glycol intoxication: 15 cases (1984–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:492–496. Forrest LJ, O’Brien RT, Tremelling MS, Steinberg H, Cooley AJ, Kerlin RL (1998) Sonographic renal findings in 20 dogs with leptospirosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:337–340. Adin DB, Diley-Poston L (2007) Papillary muscle measurements in cats with normal echocardiograms and cats with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. J Vet Intern Med 21(4):737–741 Eubig PA, Brady MS, Gwaltney-Brant SM, Khan SA, Mazzaferro EM, Morrow CM (2005) Acute renal failure in dogs after the ingestion of grapes or raisins: A retrospective evaluation of 43 dogs (1992–2002). J Vet Intern Med 19:663–674. Vaden SL, Levine JF, Lees GE, Groman RP, Grauer GF, Forrester SD (2005) Renal biopsy: A retrospective study of methods and complications in 283 dogs and 65 cats. J Vet Intern Med 19:794–801. Biller DS, Bradley GA, Partington BP (1992) Renal medullary rim sign: Ultrasonographic evidence of renal disease. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 33:286–290. Diez Bru N, Garcia L, Plaza P. Ecografía Del Tracto Gastrointestinal en Pequeños Animales. Palabras clave Ecografía Gastrointestinal Perro Gato Rev AVEPA [Internet]. 2004;24 (2):87–96. Mantis P, LambCR (2000) Most dogs withmedullary rim sign on ultrasonography have no demonstrable renal dysfunction. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:164–166. Holloway A, O’Brien R (2007) Perirenal effusion in dogs and cats with acute renal failure. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:574–579. Bonagura JD, Schober KE (2009) Can ventricular function be assessed by echocardiography in chronic canine mitral valve disease J Small Anim Pract 50(Suppl. 1):12–24 Valdès-Martinez A, Cianciolo R, Mai W (2007) Association between renal hyopechoic subcapsular thickening and lymphosarcoma in cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:357–360 Reichle JK, DiBartola SP, Léveillé R (2002) Renal ultrasonographic and computed tomographic appearance, volume, and function of cats with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:368–373. Wills SJ, Barrett EL, Barr FJ, Bradley KJ, Helps CR, Gruffydd-Jones TJ (2009) Evaluation of repeatability of ultrasound scanning for detection of feline polycystic kidney disease. J Feline Med Surg 11:993–996. Bonazzi M, Volta A, Gnudi G, Cozzi MC, Strillacci MG et al. (2009) Comparison between ultrasound and genetic testing for the early diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease in Persian and exotic shorthair cats. J Feline Med Surg 11:430–434. Schober KE, Maerz I (2006) Assessment of left atrial appendage flow velocity and its relation to spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in 89 cats with myocardial disease. J Vet Intern Med 2006 20:120–130 Moe L, Lium B (1997) Hereditary multifocal renal cystadenocarcinomas and nodular dermatofibrosis in 51 German shepherd dogs. J Small Anim Pract 38:498–505 Mosenco AS, Culp WTN, Johnson V, french A, Mehler SJ (2008) Renal Cystadenoma in a domestic shorthair. J Feline Med Surg 10:102–105. Moore FM, Thornton GW (1983) Telangiectasia of Pembroke Welsh corgi dogs. Vet Pathol 20:203–208. Gasser AM, Bush WW, Smith SS, Walton R (2003) Extradural spinal, bone marrow, and renal nephroblastoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:80–85. H. Tello, Luis, Generalidades en ecocardiografía de pequeños animales. Monografias de Medicina Veterinaria 19(1 y 2) 1997 – 1999 Lombard CW, Buergelt CD (1983a) Vegetative bacterial endocarditis in dogs: Echocardiographic diagnosis and clinical signs. J Small Anim Pract 24:325–339 Ruth JD,HengHG, MillerMA(2013) Effect of anisotropy and spatial compound imaging on renal cortical echogenicity in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 54:659–665. Mareschal A, d’Anjou MA, Moreau M, Alexander K, Beauregard G (2007) Utrasonographic measurement of kidney-to-aorta ratio as a method os estimating renal size in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48(5):434–438. Neuwirth L, Mahaffey M, Crowell W, et al. (1993) Comparison of excretory urography and ultrasonography for detection of experimentally induced pyelonephritis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 54:660–669 Choi J, Jang J, Choi H, KimH, Yoon J (2010) Ultrasonographic features of pyonephrosis in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 51:548–553. Kyles AE, Hardie EM,Wooden BG, et al. (2005) Clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic abnormalities in cats with ureteral calculi: 163 cases (1984–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:932–936. Fox PR (2004) Endomyocardial fibrosis and restrictive cardiomyopathy: pathologic and clinical features. J Vet Cardiol. 2004 6:25–31. Reichle JK, Peterson II RA, Mahaffey MB, Schelling CG, Bartez PY (2003) Ureteral fibroepithelial polyps in four dogs Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:433–437. Lamb CR, Gregory SP (1998) Ultrasonographic findings in 14 dogs with ectopic ureter. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:218–223. Stiffler KS, Stevenson MAM, Mahaffey MB, Howerth EW, Barsanti JA (2002) Intravesical ureterocele with concurrent renal dysfunction in a dog: A case report and proposed classification system. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:33–39. Specchi S, Lacava G, d’Anjou MA, Zini E, Auriemme E (2012) Ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography with computed tomography for the diagnosis of spontaneous partial ureteral rupture in a dog. Can Vet J 53:1187–1190. Calvert CA, Chapman WL Jr, Toal RL (1982) Congestive cardiomyopathy in Doberman pinscher dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 181:598–602 Ochoa VB, DiBartola SP, Chew DJ, Westropp J, Carothers M, Biller D (1999) Perinephric pseudocysts in the cat: A retrospective study and review of the literature. J Vet Intern Med 13:47–55. Abbott JA, MacLean HN (2003) Comparison of Dopplerderived peak aortic velocities obtained from subcostal and apical transducer sites in healthy dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:695–698. Beck JA, Bellenger CR, LambWA, et al. (2000) Perirenal pseudocysts in 26 cats. Aust Vet J 78:166–171. Miles KG, Jergens AE (1992) Unilateral perinephric pseudocyst of undetermined origin in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 33:277–281. Taylor, AR, Barr JW, Hokamp JA, Johnson MC, Young BD (2012) Cytologic diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in the wall of the urinary bladder of a cat. J AmAnim Hosp Assoc 48:203–208. Le Boedec K, Pastor ML, Lavoué R, Reynolds BS (2011) Pseudomembranous cystitis, an unusual condition associated with feline urine outflow obstruction: Four cases. J Feline Med Surg 13:588–593. Uehara Y (1993) An attempt to estimate the pulmonary artery pressure in dogs by means of pulsed Doppler echocardiography. J Vet Med Sci 55:307–312 Petite A, Busoni V, Heinen MP, Billen F, Snaps F (2006) Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of emphysematous cystitis in four nondiabetic female dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:90–93. Martinez I, Mattoon JS, Eaton KA, Chew DJ, DiBartola SP (2003) Polypoid cystitis in 17 dogs (1978–2001). J Vet Intern Med 17:499–509. Adin CA, Chew DJ, Heng HG, Townsend KL, Karnik K (2011) Bladder inversion and secondary hematuria in a 6-month-old domestic shorthair cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 239:370–373. Baumwart RD, Meurs KM, Atkins CE, Bonagura JD, et al. (2005) Clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic abnormalities in Boxers with cardiomyopathy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: 48 cases (1985–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:1102–1104 Leveille R, Biller DS, Partington BP, Miyabayashi T (1992) Sonographic investigation of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in small animals. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 33:103–107. Hanson JA, Tidwell AS (1996) Ultrasonographic appearance of urethral transitional cell carcinoma in ten dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:293–299 Weichselbaum RC, Feeney DA, Jessen CR, Osborne CA, Dreytser V, Holte J (2000) Relevance of sonographic artifacts observed during in vitro characterization of urocystolith mineral composition. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:438–446. Darke PGG (1992) Doppler echocardiography. J Small Anim Pract 33:104–112. Andrulli S, Turin A, Bigi MC, Ravani P, Trunchieri A, Locatelli F (2010). Colour Doppler twinkling in kidney stones: artifact or sign? NDT Plus 3:151–154. O’Brien RT, Wood EF (1998) Urinary bladder mural hemorrhage associated with systemic bleeding disorders in three dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:354–356 Diez-Bru N, Garcia-Real I, Martinez EM, Rollan E, Mayenco A, Llorens P (1998) Ultrasonographic appearance of ovarian tumors in 10 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:226–233. Serres F, Chetboul V, Gouni V, Tissier R, et al. (2007) Diagnostic value of echo-Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging in dogs with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Vet Intern Med. 21:1280–1289 Davidson AP, Baker TW (2009) Reproductive ultrasound of the Bitch and Queen. Topics Companion Anim Med 24 (2):55–63. Yeager AE, Mohammed HO, Meyers-Wallen V, Vannerson L, Concannon PW (1992) Ultrasonographic appearance of the uterus, placenta, fetus, and fetal membranes throughout accurately timed pregnancy in beagles. Am J Vet Res 53:342–351. Harvey AM, Battersby IA, Faena M, Fews D, et al. (2005) Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in two cats. J Small Anim Pract 46:151–156 Zambelli D, Caneppele B, Bassi S, Paladini C (2002) Ultrasound aspects of fetal and extrafetal structures in pregnant cats. J Feline Med Surg 4:95–106 Pharr JW, Post K (1992) Ultrasonography and radiography of the canine postpartum uterus. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 33:35–40. Ferretti LM, Newell SM, Graham JP, Roberts GD (2000) Radiographic and ultrasonographic evaluation of the normal feline postpartum uterus. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:287–291 England GCW (1998) Ultrasonographic assessment of abnormal pregnancy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28:849–868. England GCW, Yeager AE, Concannon PW (2003) Ultrasound imaging of the reproductive tract of the bitch. In: Concannon PW, England GCW, Verstegen JP, Linde-Forsberg C, eds. Recent Advances in Small Animal Reproduction. Ithaca, NY: International Veterinary Information Service. Kirberger RM, Bland-van den Berg P, Grimbeek RJ (1992a) Doppler echocardiography in the normal dog. Part II: Factors influencing blood flow velocities and a comparison between left and right heart blood flow. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 33:380–386. Allen WE, England GCW, White KB (1989) Hydrops foetalis diagnosed by real time ultrasonography in a bichon fries bitch. J Small Anim Pract 30:465–467. Voges AK, Neuwirth L (1996) Ultrasound diagnosis: Cystic uterine hyperplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:131–132. Venco L, Calzolari D, Morini S (1998) Pulmonary thromboembolism in a dog with renal amyloidosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:564–565 Klein MK (1996) Tumors of the female reproductive system. In: Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, eds. Small Animal Clinical Oncology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, pp 347–355. Fox PR (1999) Feline cardiomyopathies. In: Fox PR, Sisson D, Moise NS, eds. Textbook of Canine and Feline Cardiology: Principles and Clinical Practice, 2nd edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, pp 621–678 Díez Bru. 1992; Patología Animal D. Artículo original 16 N. ecografía abdominal en pequeños animales. Bonagura JD, Herring DS (1985b) Echocardiography: Congenital heart disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 15:1195–1208 Moise NS (1989) Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of congenital cardiac disease. J Vet Intern Med 3:195–207 Buchanan JW (2001) Pathogenesis of single right coronary artery and pulmonic stenosis in English Bulldogs. J Vet Intern Med 15:101–104.; Visser LC, Scanse BA, Schober KE (2013) Single left coronary ostium and an anomalous prepulmonic right coronary artery in 2 dogs with congenital pulmonary valve stenosis. J Vet Cardiol 15:161–169. Fonfara S, Martinez Pereira Y, Swift S, Copeland H, et al. (2010) Balloon valvuloplasty for treatment of pulmonic stenosis in English Bulldogs with an aberrant coronary artery. J Vet Intern Med 24:354–359. Fujii Y, Nishimoto Y, Sunahara H, Takano H et al. (2012) Prevalence of patent foramen ovale with right-to-left shunting in dogs with pulmonic stenosis. J Vet Intern Med 26:183–185 Bonagura JD, Miller MW (1998) Doppler echocardiography II: Color Doppler imaging. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28:1361–1389 Francis AJ, Johnson MJ, Culshaw GC, Corcoran BM, et al. (2011) Outcome in 55 dogs with pulmonic stenosis that did not undergo balloon valvuloplasty or surgery. J Small Anim Pract 52:282–288.). Lombard CW, Buergelt CD (1983b) Echocardiographic and clinical findings in dogs with heartworm-induced cor pulmonale. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 5:971–979 Bonagura JD, Miller MW, Darke PGG (1998) Doppler echocardiography I. Pulsed-wave and continuous-wave examinations. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28:1325–1359. Goodwin JK, Holland M (1995) Contrast echoartography as an aid in the diagnosis of right-to-left shunting patent ductus arteriosus. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 36:157–159. Bonagura JD, Pipers FS (1981) Echocardiographic features of pericardial effusion in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 179:49–56 Lee H, Yeon S, Lee H, et al. (2005) Ultrasonographic diagnosis: Pylorogastric intussusception in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:317–318. Moise NS, Dietze AE, Mezza LE, Strickland D, et al. (1986) Echocardiography, electrocardiography, and radiography of cats with dilatation cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hyperthyroidism. Am J Vet Res 47:1476–1486 Patología Animal D. Artículo original 16 N. Díez Bru. 1992. Penninck DG, Moore AS, Tidwell AS, Matz ME, Freden GO (1994) Ultrasonography of alimentary lymphosarcoma in the cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 35:299–304. Thomas WP, Sisson D, Bauer TG, Reed JR (1984) Detection of cardiac masses in dogs by two-dimensional echocardiography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 25:65–72 Feeney DA, Anderson KL, Ziegler LE, Jessen CR, et al. (2008) Statistical relevance of ultrasonographic criteria in the asessment of diffuse liver disease in dogs and cats. Am J Vet Res 69:212–221. Guillot M, d’Anjou MA, Alexander K, Bédard C, et al. (2009) Can sonographic findings predict the results of liver aspirates in dogs with suspected liver disease? Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:513–518. Warren-Smith CMR, Andrew S, Mantis P, Lamb CR (2012) Lack of associations between ultrasonographic appearance of parenchymal lesions of the canine liver and histological diagnosis. J Small Anim Pract 53: 168–173 Kemp SD, Panciera DL, Larson MM, Werre SR (2013) A comparison of hepatic sonographic features and histopathologic diagnosis in canine liver disease: 138 cases. J Vet Intern Med 27:806–813. Wang KW, Panceria DL, Al-Rukibat RK, Radi AZ (2004) Accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the liver and cytologic findings in dogs and cats: 97 cases (1990–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:75–78. Newell SM, Selcer BA, Girard E, Roberts GD, Thompson JP, Harrison JM (1998) Correlations between ultrasonographic findings and specific hepatic diseases in cats: 72 cases (1985–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 213:94–98. Tidwell AS, Penninck DG (1992) Ultrasonography of gastrointestinal foreign bodies. Vet Radio Ultrasound 33:160–169. Penninck DG, Berry C (1997) Diagnostic imaging of the feline liver. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Animals): Feline Liver Disease 12:10–21. Marolf AJ, Leach L, Gibbons DS, Bachand A, and Twedt A (2012) Ultrasonographic findings of feline cholangitis. Jam Anim Hosp Assoc 48:36–42 Whiteley MB, Feeney DA, Whiteley LO, Hardy RM (1989) Ultrasonographic appearance of primary and metastatic canine hepatic tumors: A review of 48 cases. Ultrasound Med 8:621–630. Zwingenberger AL, Marks SL, Baker TW, Moore PF (2010) Ultrasonographic evaluation of the muscularis propria in cats with diffuse small intestinal lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease. J Vet Int Med 24: 289–292. Lamb CR, Hartzband LE, Tidwell AT, Pearson SH (1991) Ultrasonographic findings in hepatic and splenic lymphosarcoma in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 32:117–120. Cruz-Arambulo R, Wrigley R, Powers B (2004) Sonographic features of histiocytic neoplasms in the canine abdomen. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:554–558. Sato A, Solano M (2004) Ultrasonographic findings in abdominal mast cell disease: A retrospective study of 19 patients. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:51–57. Beatty JA, Barrs VR, Martin PA, et al. (2002) Spontaneous hepatic rupture in six cats with systemic amyloidosis. J Small Anim Pract 43:355–363. Nyland TG, Barthez PY, Ortega TM, Davis CR (1996) Hepatic ultrasonographic and pathologic findings in dogs with canine superficial necrolytic dermatitis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:200–205. Nyman HT, Kristensen AT, Flagstad A, McEvoy FJ (2004) A review of the sonographic assessment of tumor metastases in liver and superficial lymph nodes. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:438–448. Penninck D, Mitchell SL (2003) Ultrasonographic detection of ingested and perforating wooden foreign bodies in four dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:206–209. Stonewater JL, Lamb C, Shelling SH (1990) Ultrasonographic features of canine hepatic nodular hyperplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 31:268–272. O’Brien RT, Iani M, Delaney F, Young K (2004) Contrast harmonic ultrasound of spontaneous liver nodules in 32 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:547–553. Cuccovillo A, Lamb CR (2002) Cellular features of sonographic target lesions of the liver and spleen in 21 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:275–278. Ramirez S, Douglass JP, Robertson ID (2002) Ultrasonographic features of canine abdominal malignant histiocytosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:167–170. Paoloni MC, Penninck DG, Moore AS (2002) Ultrasonographic and clinicopathologic findings in 21 cases of canine intestinal adenocarcinoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:562–567. Nyland TG, Koblik PD, Tellyer SE (1999) Ultrasonographic evaluation of biliary cystadenomas in cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40:300–306 Schwarz LA, Penninck DG, Leveille-Webster C (1998) Hepatic abscesses in 13 dogs: A review of the ultrasonographic findings, clinical data and therapeutic options. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:357–365. Weissman A, Penninck D, Wester C, Hecht S, Keating J, Craig LE (2012) Ultrasonographic and clinicopathological features of feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia in 4 cats. J Feline Med Surg 15: 148–154. Mills P, Saverymuttu S, Fallowfield M, Nussey S, Joseph AE (1990) Ultrasound in the diagnosis of granulomatous liver disease. Clin Radiol 41:113–115. Hinkle Schwartz SG,Mitchell SL, Keating JH, Chan DL (2006) Liver lobe torsion in dogs: 13 cases (1995–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:242–247. Junius G, Appeldoorn AM, Schrauwen E (2004) Mesenteric volvulus in the dog: a retrospective study of 12 cases. J Small Anim Pract. 45:104–107. Santiago I, Loureiro R, CUrvo-Semedo L, Marques C, et al. (2012) Congenital cystic lesions of the biliary tree. AJR 198:825–835. Last RD, Hill JM, Roach M, Kaldenberg T (2006) Congenital dilatation of the large and segmental intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli’s disease) in two Golden retriever littermates. J S Afr Vet Assoc 77(4):210–214. Best EJ, Bush DJ, Dye C (2010) Suspected choledochal cyst in a domestic shorthair cat. J Feline Med Surg 12:814–817 Bosje JT, van den Ingh TS, van der Linde-Sipman JS (1998) Polycystic kidney and liver disease in cats. Vet Q 20:136–139. Nyland TG, Gillett NA (1982) Sonographic evaluation of experimental bile duct ligation in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 23:252–260. Myers NC, Penninck DG (1994) Ultrasonographic diagnosis of gastrointestinal smooth muscle tumors in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 35:391–397. Léveillé R, Biller DS, Shiroma JT (1996) Sonographic evaluation of the common bile ducts in cats. J Vet Intern Med 10:296–299. Gaillot HA, Penninck DG, Webster CR, Crawford S (2007) Ultrasonographic features of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in 30 cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:439–447. Fahie MA, Martin RA (1995) Extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction: A retrospective study of 45 cases (1983–1993). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:478–482. Mayhew PD, Holt DE, McLear RC, Washabau RJ (2002) Pathogenesis and outcome of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in cat. J Small Anim Pract 43:247–253. Rudorf H, van SG, O’Brien RT et al. (2005) Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thickness of the small intestinal wall in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. J Small Anim Pract 46:322–326. Spaulding KA (1993) Ultrasound corner gallbladder wall thickness. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 34:270–272. Hittmair KM, Vielgrader HD, Loupal G (2001) Ultrasonographic evaluation of gallbladder wall thickness in cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:149–155. Besso JG, Wrigley RH, Gliatto JM, Webster CRL (2000) Ultrasonographic appearance and clinical findings in 14 dogs with gallbladder mucocele. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:261–271 Choi J, Kim A, Keh S, Oh J, Kim H, Yoon J (2013) Comparison between ultrasonographic and clinical findings in 43 dogs with gallbladder mucoceles. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 55:202–207. Woods, K, Brisson BA, Defarges AMN, OblakMl (2012) Congenital dupplex gallbladder and biliary mucocele associated with partial hepatic cholestasis and cholelithiasis in a cat. Can Vet J 53:269–273. Walter R, Dunn ME, d’Anjou MA, LécuyerM(2008) Nonsurgical resolution of gallbladder mucocele in two J Am Vet Med Assoc 11:1688–1693. Culp WT, Drobatz KJ, Glassman MM, et al. Feline visceral hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2008;22(1):148–52. Eich CS, Ludwig LL (2002) The surgical treatment of cholelithiasis in cats: A study of nine cases. J Am Szatmari V, Rothuizen J, van den Ingh GA, van Sluijs FJ, Voorhout G (2004) Ultrasonographic findings in dogs with hyperammonemia: 90 cases (2000–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:717–727. Lamb CR (1996) Ultrasonographic diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: Results of a prospective study. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:281–288 Penninck DG, Smyers B, Webster CRL, Rand W, Moore AS (2003) Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in differentiating canine enteritis from intestinal neoplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:570–575. Lamb CR, Forster-van Hijfte MA, White RN, McEvoy FJ, Rutgers HC (1996a) Ultrasonographic diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunt in 14 cats. J Small Anim Pract 35:205–209. d’Anjou MA, Penninck D, Cornejo L, Pibarot P (2004) Ultrasonographic diagnosis of portosystemic shunting in dogs and cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:424–437. Nyland TG, Fisher PE (1990) Evaluation of experimentally induced canine hepatic cirrhosis using duplex Doppler ultrasound. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 31:189–194 Palerme J-S, Brown JC, Marks SL, Birkenheuer AJ (2013) Splenosystemic shunts in cats: a retroscpetive of 33 cases (2004-2011) J Vet Intern Medic 27:1347–1353. Lamb CR, Wrigley RH, Simpson KW, et al. (1996b) Ultrasonographic diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis in four dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:121–129. Respess M, O’Toole TE, Taeymans O, Rogers CL, Johnston A, and Webster CRL (2012) Portal vein thrombosis in 33 dogs: 1998–2011. J Vet Intern Med 26:230–237. Hanson JA, Papageorges M, Girard E, Menard M, Hebert P (2001) Ultrasonographic appearance of splenic disease in 101 cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:441–445. Stimson EL, Cook WT, Smith MM, Forrester SD, Moon ML, Saunders GK (2000) Extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the duodenum of a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36: 332–336 Reese SL, Zekas LJ, Iasbik MC, Lehman A, et al (2013) Effect of evoflurane anesthesia and blood donation on the ultrasonographic appearance of the spleen in 60 healthy cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 54:168–175. O’Brien RT, Waller KR, Osgood TL (2004) Sonographic features of drug-induced splenic congestion. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:225–227. Penninck DG, Smyers B, Webster CRL, Rand W, Moore AS (2003) Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in differentiating canine enteritis from intestinal neoplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:570–575. Wilson DV, Evans AT, Carpenter RA, Mullineaux DR (2004) The effect of four anaesthetic protocols on splenic size in dogs, Vet Anaesth Analg 31:102–108. Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, Herrgesell ER, Wisner ER (1995) Spleen. In: Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, eds. Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, pp 128–143. Saunders HM, Neath PJ, Brockman DJ (1998) B-mode and Doppler ultrasound imaging of the spleen with canine splenic torsion: A retrospective evaluation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:349–353. Wrigley RH, Konde LJ, Park RD, Lebel JL (1988) Ultrasonographic features of splenic lymphosarcoma in dogs: 12 cases (1980–1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:1565–1568. Crevier FR, Wrigley RH (2000) The sonographic features of splenic lymphoid hyperplasia in 31 dogs: A retrospective study (1980–2000) [Abstract]. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:566 Crabtree AC, Spangler E, Beard D, Smith A (2010) Diagnostic accuracy of gray-scale ultrasonography for the detection of hepatic and splenic lymphoma In dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 51:661–664. Book AP, Fidel J, Wills T, Bryan J, Sellon R, Mattoon J (2011) Correlation of ultrasound findings, liver and spleen cytology, and prognosis in the clinical staging of high metastatic risk canine mast cell tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 52:548–554. Schwarz LA, Penninck DG, Gliatto J (2001) Canine splenic myelolipomas. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:347-348. LaurensonMP, Skorupski KA,Moore PF, Zwingenberger AL (2011) Ultrasonography of intestinal mast cell tumors in the cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 52:330–334. Day MJ, Lucke VM, Pearson H (1995) A review of pathological diagnoses made from 87 canine splenic biopsies. J Sm Anim Pract 36:426 Grooters AM, Miyabayashi T, Biller DS, Merryman J (1994) Sonographic appearance of uremic gastropathy in four dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 35:35–40. Fife WD, Samii VF, DrostWT, Mattoon JS, Hoshaw-Woodard S (2004) Comparison between malignant and nonmalignant splenic masses in dogs using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:289–297 |
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv |
Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar |
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
185 p. |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, Bucaramanga |
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Medicina veterinaria y zootecnia |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bucaramanga |
institution |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/f84828e5-85fe-4f8d-b19a-198078f1b8cc/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/f6f92aee-71af-4147-9d27-d2029e0ba80f/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/73f79788-6eca-4445-8017-2d5c11dff088/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/77c51e11-b1dc-499c-850b-b34f7e3a68c2/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/710c24dc-8997-4f93-8190-1782ae3c5c74/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4b10d5cf-7c12-44ef-a90a-0acd263c0223/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/db08bf02-b2f3-40f6-b75f-f9aa990bfc9c/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45 c1e5d3e9a5f2cdd08d10b0973f33b319 2228e977ebea8966e27929f43e39cb67 4f4bbb677295bdafe7b49bbacc645d54 d4f9e997695b3927d696b10818e8295f 3a94b534406b05ce3278c48795c4f23c 110fdcecb9a0871b3dc4276de249be19 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdigital@metabiblioteca.com |
_version_ |
1814246865950998528 |
spelling |
Arcila Quiceno, Víctor HernánVanegas Boada, Mayra Alejandra2019-09-12T18:00:30Z2019-09-12T18:00:30Z2019-09-11https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/13836Vanegas Boada M. A (2019) Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la clínica veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC (Tesis de pregrado) Recuperado de: http://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/13836Una de las herramientas básicas de diagnóstico en el manejo de la clínica diaria es la ecografía, ya que brinda un apoyo al clínico en la resolución de los diferentes casos que se puedan presentar; permitiendo obtener imágenes en tiempo real, las cuales nos brindan una aproximación más detallada hacia el diagnostico a partir de estructuras anatómicas y sus diferentes hallazgos. Motivo por el cual son empleados en la actualidad como métodos de rutina en la práctica de la Medicina Veterinaria. Lo anterior junto con la innovación de las aplicaciones móviles, las cuales están fundamentadas en que, al instalar una de ellas, el usuario utiliza su dispositivo móvil como una fuente de búsqueda de conocimientos de forma inmediata, rápida y eficaz, esto hace necesario crear una aplicación ecográfica que permita al usuario interesado en el tema obtener de forma rápida información sobre esta técnica diagnóstica la cual va tomando fuerza día a día.One of the basic diagnostic tools in the management of the daily clinic is ultrasound, since it provides support to the clinician in solving the different cases that may occur; allowing to obtain images in real time, which give us a more detailed approach to the diagnosis based on anatomical structures and their different findings. Reason why they are currently used as routine methods in the practice of Veterinary Medicine. This together with the innovation of mobile applications, which are based on the fact that, when installing one of them, the user uses his mobile device as a source of knowledge search immediately, quickly and efficiently, this makes it necessary to create a ultrasound application that allows the user interested in the subject to quickly obtain information on this diagnostic technique which is gaining strength day by day1.Introduccion. -- 2.Planteamiento del problema. -- 3.Objetivos. -- 3.1.Objetivo general. -- 3.2.Objetivos específicos. -- 4.Marco conceptual. -- 4.1.Concepto de ecografía. -- 4.2.Principios basicos. -- 4.3.Interacción de los ultrasonidos con los tejidos orgánicos. -- 4.4.Grados de ecogenicidad. --4.5.Artefactos. -- 4.6.Planos ecograficos. -- 4.7.Modos en ecografia. -- 4.8.Ecografo y sus componentes. -- 4.9.Ubicación y descripción anatómica. -- 4.9.1.Hígado. --4.9.2.Bazo. -- 4.9.3.Estomago. -- 4.9.4.Riñon. -- 4.9.5.Vejiga. -- 4.9.6.Próstata. -- 4.9.7.Aparato reproductor de la hembra. -- 4.9.8.Corazón. -- 4.10. Tecnicas ecograficas. -- 4.10.1. Higado. --4.10.2. Bazo. -- 4.10.3.Estomago. -- 4.10.4. Riñon. -- 4.10.5. Vejiga. -- 4.10.6.Prostata. -- 4.10.7. Aparato reproductor de la hembra. -- 4.10.8. Sistema digestivo. -- 4.10.9. Cavidad abdominal. --4.10.10.Corazon. -- 4.11.Ecografia normal. -- 4.11.1. Higado. -- 4.11.2. Bazo. -- 4.11.3. Estomago. -- 4.11.4. Riñon. -- 4.11.5.Vejiga. -- 4.11.6. Prostata. -- 4.11.7. Aparato reproductivo de la hembra. -- 4.12.Hallazgos ecograficos. -- 4.12.1. Higado. -- 4.12.2. Bazo. -- 4.12.3. Sistema digestivo. -- 4.12.4. Riñones. -- 4.12.5. Vejiga. -- 4.12.6. Utero y ovarios. -- 4.12.7. Prostata. -- 4.12.8. Cavidad abdominal. -- 4.12.9. Corazón. -- 5.Metodologia. -- 6. Resultados. --7. Bibliografia.mayra.vanegasb@campusucc.edu.co185 p.Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, BucaramangaMedicina veterinaria y zootecniaBucaramangaEcografía.Ecocardiografía.Pequeños animales.Aplicación móvil.Ultrasound.Echocardiography.Small animals.Mobile application.Aplicativo digital de imágenes ecográficas abdominales y cardíacas como material didáctico para la Clínica Veterinaria Animales de Compañía UCC.Trabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAtribución – No comercial – Sin Derivarinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2L. A. Gil Grande. Unidad de Ecografías. Servicio de Gastroenterología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. Ecografía o ultrasonografía abdominal. Rev. esp. enferm. dig. vol.100 no.11 Madrid nov. 2008.Segura-Grau A, Sáez-Fernández A, Rodríguez-Lorenzo A, Díaz-Rodríguez N. Curso de ecografía abdominal. Introducción a la técnica ecográfica. Principios físicos. Lenguaje ecográfico. Semergen. 2014; 40(1):42–6.Bru Díez N. Principios Basicos De La Ecografia. 1992; 12: 9.Giraldo C. Principios básicos de Ultrasonografía Veterinaria. MVZ-Córdoba. 2003;8(2):303–9.Uco.es. Bases de estudio Ecográfico. [online]Albarracín-Navas JH (2016). Guía de procedimientos para el área de imagenología diagnóstica de la clínica veterinaria Animales de Compañía. (Documento de docencia N.o 4). Bogotá: Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Doi.Tello, Luis H.; Chován, Nora; Muñoz, Loreto. La enfermedad prostática en el perro y su diagnóstico ecotomográfico. Monografías de Medicina Veterinaria, Vol.17 (1 y 2), 1995.Encina M, Martínez G, Rojo C. Anatomía Veterinaria. Fac Vet Univ Complut. 2010;2 (1):1–20.Tello C., Luis; Rudolph R., Wilhelm; Prain B., Helen. Parámetros ecográficos cuantitativos del hígado normal en perros sanos. Monografías de Medicina Veterinaria, Vol.16 (1 y 2), 1994.Nyland TG, Mattoon DVMJS, Físicos P, Seguridad EY, Eric J, Wisner ER, et al. Técnicas De Exploración Ecográfica Abdominal. 2002.Tello C., Luis Hernán, Dr.; de Requeséns P., Joanna. Diagnóstico por imágenes en nefrología de pequeños animales. Monografías de Medicina Veterinaria, Vol.14 (2), diciembre, 1992.Sharpley JL, Marolf AJ, Reichle JK, Bachand AM, Randall EK (2012) Color and Doppler ultrasonography for characterization of splenic masses in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 53:586–590.Ohlerth S, Dennler M, Rüefli E, Hauser B, Poirier V, Siebeck N, Roos M, Kaser-Hotz B (2008) Contrast harmonic imaging characterization of canine splenic lesions. J Vet Intern Med 22:1095–1102.Hardie EM, Vaden SL, Spaulding K, Malarkey DE (1995) Splenic infarction in 16 dogs: A retrospective study. J Vet Intern Med 9:141–148.Laurenson MP, Hopper K, Herrera MA, Johnson EG (2010) Concurrent diseases and conditions in dogs with splenic vein thrombosis. J Vet Intern Med 24:1298–1304.Mai W (2006) The hilar perivenous hyperechoic triangle as a sign of acute splenic torsion in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:487–491.Càceres AV (2012) Association between hyperechoic splenic speckles and stripes with several medical conditions in 22 dogs [Abstract] Vet Radiol Ultrasound 53: 110.Lamb CR, Mantis P (1998) Ultrasonographic features of intestinal intussusception in 10 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 39:437–441.Patsikas MN, Papazoglou LG, Papaioannou NG, Savvas I, Kazakos GM, Dessiris AK (2003) Ultrasonographic findings of intestinal intussusception in seven cats. J FelineMed Surg 5:335–343.Dominguez E, Anadon E, Espada Y, Grau-Roma L, Majo N, Novellas R (2014) Imaging diagnosis-ultrasonographic appearance of small bowel metastasis from canine mammary carcinoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 55: 208–212.Baez JB, Hendrick MJ, Walker LM, Washabau RJ (1999) Radiographic, ultrasonographic, and endoscopic findings in cats with inflammatory bowel disease of the stomach and small intestine: 33 cases (1990–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:349–354.Bonagura JD, Herring DS (1985a) Echocardiography: Acquired heart disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 15:1209–1224.Hoffman KL (2003) Sonographic signs of gastroduodenal linear foreign body in 3 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:466–469.MacDonald JM, Mullen HS, Moroff SD (1993) Adenomatous polyps of the duodenum in cats: 18 cases (1985–1990). Jam Vet Med Assoc 202(4):647–651.Cesta MF, Baty CJ, Keene BW, Smoak IW, et al. (2005) Pathology of end stage remodeling in a family of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Vet Pathol 42:458–67.).Penninck DG, Moore AS, Gliatto J (1998) Ultrasonography of canine gastric epithelial neoplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:342–348.Graham JP, Newell SM, Gregore GB, Lester NV (2000) Ultrasonographic features of canine intestinal pythiosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:273–277.Tello C., Luis; Espinoza P., Dilma. Ecotomografía obstétrica en caninos. Monografías de Medicina Veterinaria, Vol.15 (1 y 2), diciembre, 1993.Fan TM, Simpson KW, Polack E, Dykes N, Harvey J (1999) Intestinal haemorrhage associated with colonic vascular ectasia (angiodysplasia) in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 40:25–30.Wallack ST, Hornof WJ, Herrgesell EJ (2003) Ultrasonographic diagnosis: Small bowel infarction in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:81–85.Seiler GS, Rhodes J, Cianciolo R, Casal ML (2010) Ultrasonographic fingings in cairn terriers with preclinical renal dysplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 51:453–457.Chandler ML, Elwood C, Murphy KF, Gajanayake I, Syme HM (2007) Juvenile nephropathy in 37 boxer dogs. J Small Anim Pract 48:690–694.Kittleson MD, Eyster GE, Knowlen GG, Olivier NB, et al. (1984) Myocardial function in small dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation and severe congestive heart failure. J Am Vet Med Ass 184:455–459.Barr FJ, Petteson MW, Lucke VM, Gibbs C (1989) Hypercalcemic nephropathy in three dogs: Sonographic appearance. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 30:169–173.Adams WH, Toal RL, Breider MA (1991) Ultrasonographic findings in dogs and cats with oxalate nephrosis attributable to ethylene glycol intoxication: 15 cases (1984–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:492–496.Forrest LJ, O’Brien RT, Tremelling MS, Steinberg H, Cooley AJ, Kerlin RL (1998) Sonographic renal findings in 20 dogs with leptospirosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:337–340.Adin DB, Diley-Poston L (2007) Papillary muscle measurements in cats with normal echocardiograms and cats with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. J Vet Intern Med 21(4):737–741Eubig PA, Brady MS, Gwaltney-Brant SM, Khan SA, Mazzaferro EM, Morrow CM (2005) Acute renal failure in dogs after the ingestion of grapes or raisins: A retrospective evaluation of 43 dogs (1992–2002). J Vet Intern Med 19:663–674.Vaden SL, Levine JF, Lees GE, Groman RP, Grauer GF, Forrester SD (2005) Renal biopsy: A retrospective study of methods and complications in 283 dogs and 65 cats. J Vet Intern Med 19:794–801.Biller DS, Bradley GA, Partington BP (1992) Renal medullary rim sign: Ultrasonographic evidence of renal disease. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 33:286–290.Diez Bru N, Garcia L, Plaza P. Ecografía Del Tracto Gastrointestinal en Pequeños Animales. Palabras clave Ecografía Gastrointestinal Perro Gato Rev AVEPA [Internet]. 2004;24 (2):87–96.Mantis P, LambCR (2000) Most dogs withmedullary rim sign on ultrasonography have no demonstrable renal dysfunction. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:164–166.Holloway A, O’Brien R (2007) Perirenal effusion in dogs and cats with acute renal failure. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:574–579.Bonagura JD, Schober KE (2009) Can ventricular function be assessed by echocardiography in chronic canine mitral valve disease J Small Anim Pract 50(Suppl. 1):12–24Valdès-Martinez A, Cianciolo R, Mai W (2007) Association between renal hyopechoic subcapsular thickening and lymphosarcoma in cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:357–360Reichle JK, DiBartola SP, Léveillé R (2002) Renal ultrasonographic and computed tomographic appearance, volume, and function of cats with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:368–373.Wills SJ, Barrett EL, Barr FJ, Bradley KJ, Helps CR, Gruffydd-Jones TJ (2009) Evaluation of repeatability of ultrasound scanning for detection of feline polycystic kidney disease. J Feline Med Surg 11:993–996.Bonazzi M, Volta A, Gnudi G, Cozzi MC, Strillacci MG et al. (2009) Comparison between ultrasound and genetic testing for the early diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease in Persian and exotic shorthair cats. J Feline Med Surg 11:430–434.Schober KE, Maerz I (2006) Assessment of left atrial appendage flow velocity and its relation to spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in 89 cats with myocardial disease. J Vet Intern Med 2006 20:120–130Moe L, Lium B (1997) Hereditary multifocal renal cystadenocarcinomas and nodular dermatofibrosis in 51 German shepherd dogs. J Small Anim Pract 38:498–505Mosenco AS, Culp WTN, Johnson V, french A, Mehler SJ (2008) Renal Cystadenoma in a domestic shorthair. J Feline Med Surg 10:102–105.Moore FM, Thornton GW (1983) Telangiectasia of Pembroke Welsh corgi dogs. Vet Pathol 20:203–208.Gasser AM, Bush WW, Smith SS, Walton R (2003) Extradural spinal, bone marrow, and renal nephroblastoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:80–85.H. Tello, Luis, Generalidades en ecocardiografía de pequeños animales. Monografias de Medicina Veterinaria 19(1 y 2) 1997 – 1999Lombard CW, Buergelt CD (1983a) Vegetative bacterial endocarditis in dogs: Echocardiographic diagnosis and clinical signs. J Small Anim Pract 24:325–339Ruth JD,HengHG, MillerMA(2013) Effect of anisotropy and spatial compound imaging on renal cortical echogenicity in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 54:659–665.Mareschal A, d’Anjou MA, Moreau M, Alexander K, Beauregard G (2007) Utrasonographic measurement of kidney-to-aorta ratio as a method os estimating renal size in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48(5):434–438.Neuwirth L, Mahaffey M, Crowell W, et al. (1993) Comparison of excretory urography and ultrasonography for detection of experimentally induced pyelonephritis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 54:660–669Choi J, Jang J, Choi H, KimH, Yoon J (2010) Ultrasonographic features of pyonephrosis in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 51:548–553.Kyles AE, Hardie EM,Wooden BG, et al. (2005) Clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic abnormalities in cats with ureteral calculi: 163 cases (1984–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:932–936.Fox PR (2004) Endomyocardial fibrosis and restrictive cardiomyopathy: pathologic and clinical features. J Vet Cardiol. 2004 6:25–31.Reichle JK, Peterson II RA, Mahaffey MB, Schelling CG, Bartez PY (2003) Ureteral fibroepithelial polyps in four dogs Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:433–437.Lamb CR, Gregory SP (1998) Ultrasonographic findings in 14 dogs with ectopic ureter. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:218–223.Stiffler KS, Stevenson MAM, Mahaffey MB, Howerth EW, Barsanti JA (2002) Intravesical ureterocele with concurrent renal dysfunction in a dog: A case report and proposed classification system. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:33–39.Specchi S, Lacava G, d’Anjou MA, Zini E, Auriemme E (2012) Ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography with computed tomography for the diagnosis of spontaneous partial ureteral rupture in a dog. Can Vet J 53:1187–1190.Calvert CA, Chapman WL Jr, Toal RL (1982) Congestive cardiomyopathy in Doberman pinscher dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 181:598–602Ochoa VB, DiBartola SP, Chew DJ, Westropp J, Carothers M, Biller D (1999) Perinephric pseudocysts in the cat: A retrospective study and review of the literature. J Vet Intern Med 13:47–55.Abbott JA, MacLean HN (2003) Comparison of Dopplerderived peak aortic velocities obtained from subcostal and apical transducer sites in healthy dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:695–698.Beck JA, Bellenger CR, LambWA, et al. (2000) Perirenal pseudocysts in 26 cats. Aust Vet J 78:166–171.Miles KG, Jergens AE (1992) Unilateral perinephric pseudocyst of undetermined origin in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 33:277–281.Taylor, AR, Barr JW, Hokamp JA, Johnson MC, Young BD (2012) Cytologic diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in the wall of the urinary bladder of a cat. J AmAnim Hosp Assoc 48:203–208.Le Boedec K, Pastor ML, Lavoué R, Reynolds BS (2011) Pseudomembranous cystitis, an unusual condition associated with feline urine outflow obstruction: Four cases. J Feline Med Surg 13:588–593.Uehara Y (1993) An attempt to estimate the pulmonary artery pressure in dogs by means of pulsed Doppler echocardiography. J Vet Med Sci 55:307–312Petite A, Busoni V, Heinen MP, Billen F, Snaps F (2006) Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of emphysematous cystitis in four nondiabetic female dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 47:90–93.Martinez I, Mattoon JS, Eaton KA, Chew DJ, DiBartola SP (2003) Polypoid cystitis in 17 dogs (1978–2001). J Vet Intern Med 17:499–509.Adin CA, Chew DJ, Heng HG, Townsend KL, Karnik K (2011) Bladder inversion and secondary hematuria in a 6-month-old domestic shorthair cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 239:370–373.Baumwart RD, Meurs KM, Atkins CE, Bonagura JD, et al. (2005) Clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic abnormalities in Boxers with cardiomyopathy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: 48 cases (1985–2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc 226:1102–1104Leveille R, Biller DS, Partington BP, Miyabayashi T (1992) Sonographic investigation of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in small animals. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 33:103–107.Hanson JA, Tidwell AS (1996) Ultrasonographic appearance of urethral transitional cell carcinoma in ten dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:293–299Weichselbaum RC, Feeney DA, Jessen CR, Osborne CA, Dreytser V, Holte J (2000) Relevance of sonographic artifacts observed during in vitro characterization of urocystolith mineral composition. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:438–446.Darke PGG (1992) Doppler echocardiography. J Small Anim Pract 33:104–112.Andrulli S, Turin A, Bigi MC, Ravani P, Trunchieri A, Locatelli F (2010). Colour Doppler twinkling in kidney stones: artifact or sign? NDT Plus 3:151–154.O’Brien RT, Wood EF (1998) Urinary bladder mural hemorrhage associated with systemic bleeding disorders in three dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:354–356Diez-Bru N, Garcia-Real I, Martinez EM, Rollan E, Mayenco A, Llorens P (1998) Ultrasonographic appearance of ovarian tumors in 10 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:226–233.Serres F, Chetboul V, Gouni V, Tissier R, et al. (2007) Diagnostic value of echo-Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging in dogs with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Vet Intern Med. 21:1280–1289Davidson AP, Baker TW (2009) Reproductive ultrasound of the Bitch and Queen. Topics Companion Anim Med 24 (2):55–63.Yeager AE, Mohammed HO, Meyers-Wallen V, Vannerson L, Concannon PW (1992) Ultrasonographic appearance of the uterus, placenta, fetus, and fetal membranes throughout accurately timed pregnancy in beagles. Am J Vet Res 53:342–351.Harvey AM, Battersby IA, Faena M, Fews D, et al. (2005) Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in two cats. J Small Anim Pract 46:151–156Zambelli D, Caneppele B, Bassi S, Paladini C (2002) Ultrasound aspects of fetal and extrafetal structures in pregnant cats. J Feline Med Surg 4:95–106Pharr JW, Post K (1992) Ultrasonography and radiography of the canine postpartum uterus. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 33:35–40.Ferretti LM, Newell SM, Graham JP, Roberts GD (2000) Radiographic and ultrasonographic evaluation of the normal feline postpartum uterus. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:287–291England GCW (1998) Ultrasonographic assessment of abnormal pregnancy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28:849–868.England GCW, Yeager AE, Concannon PW (2003) Ultrasound imaging of the reproductive tract of the bitch. In: Concannon PW, England GCW, Verstegen JP, Linde-Forsberg C, eds. Recent Advances in Small Animal Reproduction. Ithaca, NY: International Veterinary Information Service.Kirberger RM, Bland-van den Berg P, Grimbeek RJ (1992a) Doppler echocardiography in the normal dog. Part II: Factors influencing blood flow velocities and a comparison between left and right heart blood flow. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 33:380–386.Allen WE, England GCW, White KB (1989) Hydrops foetalis diagnosed by real time ultrasonography in a bichon fries bitch. J Small Anim Pract 30:465–467.Voges AK, Neuwirth L (1996) Ultrasound diagnosis: Cystic uterine hyperplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:131–132.Venco L, Calzolari D, Morini S (1998) Pulmonary thromboembolism in a dog with renal amyloidosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:564–565Klein MK (1996) Tumors of the female reproductive system. In: Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, eds. Small Animal Clinical Oncology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, pp 347–355.Fox PR (1999) Feline cardiomyopathies. In: Fox PR, Sisson D, Moise NS, eds. Textbook of Canine and Feline Cardiology: Principles and Clinical Practice, 2nd edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, pp 621–678Díez Bru. 1992; Patología Animal D. Artículo original 16 N. ecografía abdominal en pequeños animales.Bonagura JD, Herring DS (1985b) Echocardiography: Congenital heart disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 15:1195–1208Moise NS (1989) Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of congenital cardiac disease. J Vet Intern Med 3:195–207Buchanan JW (2001) Pathogenesis of single right coronary artery and pulmonic stenosis in English Bulldogs. J Vet Intern Med 15:101–104.;Visser LC, Scanse BA, Schober KE (2013) Single left coronary ostium and an anomalous prepulmonic right coronary artery in 2 dogs with congenital pulmonary valve stenosis. J Vet Cardiol 15:161–169.Fonfara S, Martinez Pereira Y, Swift S, Copeland H, et al. (2010) Balloon valvuloplasty for treatment of pulmonic stenosis in English Bulldogs with an aberrant coronary artery. J Vet Intern Med 24:354–359.Fujii Y, Nishimoto Y, Sunahara H, Takano H et al. (2012) Prevalence of patent foramen ovale with right-to-left shunting in dogs with pulmonic stenosis. J Vet Intern Med 26:183–185Bonagura JD, Miller MW (1998) Doppler echocardiography II: Color Doppler imaging. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28:1361–1389Francis AJ, Johnson MJ, Culshaw GC, Corcoran BM, et al. (2011) Outcome in 55 dogs with pulmonic stenosis that did not undergo balloon valvuloplasty or surgery. J Small Anim Pract 52:282–288.).Lombard CW, Buergelt CD (1983b) Echocardiographic and clinical findings in dogs with heartworm-induced cor pulmonale. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 5:971–979Bonagura JD, Miller MW, Darke PGG (1998) Doppler echocardiography I. Pulsed-wave and continuous-wave examinations. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28:1325–1359.Goodwin JK, Holland M (1995) Contrast echoartography as an aid in the diagnosis of right-to-left shunting patent ductus arteriosus. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 36:157–159.Bonagura JD, Pipers FS (1981) Echocardiographic features of pericardial effusion in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 179:49–56Lee H, Yeon S, Lee H, et al. (2005) Ultrasonographic diagnosis: Pylorogastric intussusception in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 46:317–318.Moise NS, Dietze AE, Mezza LE, Strickland D, et al. (1986) Echocardiography, electrocardiography, and radiography of cats with dilatation cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hyperthyroidism. Am J Vet Res 47:1476–1486Patología Animal D. Artículo original 16 N. Díez Bru. 1992.Penninck DG, Moore AS, Tidwell AS, Matz ME, Freden GO (1994) Ultrasonography of alimentary lymphosarcoma in the cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 35:299–304.Thomas WP, Sisson D, Bauer TG, Reed JR (1984) Detection of cardiac masses in dogs by two-dimensional echocardiography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 25:65–72Feeney DA, Anderson KL, Ziegler LE, Jessen CR, et al. (2008) Statistical relevance of ultrasonographic criteria in the asessment of diffuse liver disease in dogs and cats. Am J Vet Res 69:212–221.Guillot M, d’Anjou MA, Alexander K, Bédard C, et al. (2009) Can sonographic findings predict the results of liver aspirates in dogs with suspected liver disease? Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:513–518.Warren-Smith CMR, Andrew S, Mantis P, Lamb CR (2012) Lack of associations between ultrasonographic appearance of parenchymal lesions of the canine liver and histological diagnosis. J Small Anim Pract 53: 168–173Kemp SD, Panciera DL, Larson MM, Werre SR (2013) A comparison of hepatic sonographic features and histopathologic diagnosis in canine liver disease: 138 cases. J Vet Intern Med 27:806–813.Wang KW, Panceria DL, Al-Rukibat RK, Radi AZ (2004) Accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the liver and cytologic findings in dogs and cats: 97 cases (1990–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:75–78.Newell SM, Selcer BA, Girard E, Roberts GD, Thompson JP, Harrison JM (1998) Correlations between ultrasonographic findings and specific hepatic diseases in cats: 72 cases (1985–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 213:94–98.Tidwell AS, Penninck DG (1992) Ultrasonography of gastrointestinal foreign bodies. Vet Radio Ultrasound 33:160–169.Penninck DG, Berry C (1997) Diagnostic imaging of the feline liver. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Animals): Feline Liver Disease 12:10–21.Marolf AJ, Leach L, Gibbons DS, Bachand A, and Twedt A (2012) Ultrasonographic findings of feline cholangitis. Jam Anim Hosp Assoc 48:36–42Whiteley MB, Feeney DA, Whiteley LO, Hardy RM (1989) Ultrasonographic appearance of primary and metastatic canine hepatic tumors: A review of 48 cases. Ultrasound Med 8:621–630.Zwingenberger AL, Marks SL, Baker TW, Moore PF (2010) Ultrasonographic evaluation of the muscularis propria in cats with diffuse small intestinal lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease. J Vet Int Med 24: 289–292.Lamb CR, Hartzband LE, Tidwell AT, Pearson SH (1991) Ultrasonographic findings in hepatic and splenic lymphosarcoma in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 32:117–120.Cruz-Arambulo R, Wrigley R, Powers B (2004) Sonographic features of histiocytic neoplasms in the canine abdomen. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:554–558.Sato A, Solano M (2004) Ultrasonographic findings in abdominal mast cell disease: A retrospective study of 19 patients. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:51–57.Beatty JA, Barrs VR, Martin PA, et al. (2002) Spontaneous hepatic rupture in six cats with systemic amyloidosis. J Small Anim Pract 43:355–363.Nyland TG, Barthez PY, Ortega TM, Davis CR (1996) Hepatic ultrasonographic and pathologic findings in dogs with canine superficial necrolytic dermatitis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:200–205.Nyman HT, Kristensen AT, Flagstad A, McEvoy FJ (2004) A review of the sonographic assessment of tumor metastases in liver and superficial lymph nodes. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:438–448.Penninck D, Mitchell SL (2003) Ultrasonographic detection of ingested and perforating wooden foreign bodies in four dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:206–209.Stonewater JL, Lamb C, Shelling SH (1990) Ultrasonographic features of canine hepatic nodular hyperplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 31:268–272.O’Brien RT, Iani M, Delaney F, Young K (2004) Contrast harmonic ultrasound of spontaneous liver nodules in 32 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:547–553.Cuccovillo A, Lamb CR (2002) Cellular features of sonographic target lesions of the liver and spleen in 21 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:275–278.Ramirez S, Douglass JP, Robertson ID (2002) Ultrasonographic features of canine abdominal malignant histiocytosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:167–170.Paoloni MC, Penninck DG, Moore AS (2002) Ultrasonographic and clinicopathologic findings in 21 cases of canine intestinal adenocarcinoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:562–567.Nyland TG, Koblik PD, Tellyer SE (1999) Ultrasonographic evaluation of biliary cystadenomas in cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40:300–306Schwarz LA, Penninck DG, Leveille-Webster C (1998) Hepatic abscesses in 13 dogs: A review of the ultrasonographic findings, clinical data and therapeutic options. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:357–365.Weissman A, Penninck D, Wester C, Hecht S, Keating J, Craig LE (2012) Ultrasonographic and clinicopathological features of feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia in 4 cats. J Feline Med Surg 15: 148–154.Mills P, Saverymuttu S, Fallowfield M, Nussey S, Joseph AE (1990) Ultrasound in the diagnosis of granulomatous liver disease. Clin Radiol 41:113–115.Hinkle Schwartz SG,Mitchell SL, Keating JH, Chan DL (2006) Liver lobe torsion in dogs: 13 cases (1995–2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:242–247.Junius G, Appeldoorn AM, Schrauwen E (2004) Mesenteric volvulus in the dog: a retrospective study of 12 cases. J Small Anim Pract. 45:104–107.Santiago I, Loureiro R, CUrvo-Semedo L, Marques C, et al. (2012) Congenital cystic lesions of the biliary tree. AJR 198:825–835.Last RD, Hill JM, Roach M, Kaldenberg T (2006) Congenital dilatation of the large and segmental intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli’s disease) in two Golden retriever littermates. J S Afr Vet Assoc 77(4):210–214.Best EJ, Bush DJ, Dye C (2010) Suspected choledochal cyst in a domestic shorthair cat. J Feline Med Surg 12:814–817Bosje JT, van den Ingh TS, van der Linde-Sipman JS (1998) Polycystic kidney and liver disease in cats. Vet Q 20:136–139.Nyland TG, Gillett NA (1982) Sonographic evaluation of experimental bile duct ligation in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 23:252–260.Myers NC, Penninck DG (1994) Ultrasonographic diagnosis of gastrointestinal smooth muscle tumors in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 35:391–397.Léveillé R, Biller DS, Shiroma JT (1996) Sonographic evaluation of the common bile ducts in cats. J Vet Intern Med 10:296–299.Gaillot HA, Penninck DG, Webster CR, Crawford S (2007) Ultrasonographic features of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in 30 cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:439–447.Fahie MA, Martin RA (1995) Extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction: A retrospective study of 45 cases (1983–1993). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:478–482.Mayhew PD, Holt DE, McLear RC, Washabau RJ (2002) Pathogenesis and outcome of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in cat. J Small Anim Pract 43:247–253.Rudorf H, van SG, O’Brien RT et al. (2005) Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thickness of the small intestinal wall in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. J Small Anim Pract 46:322–326.Spaulding KA (1993) Ultrasound corner gallbladder wall thickness. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 34:270–272.Hittmair KM, Vielgrader HD, Loupal G (2001) Ultrasonographic evaluation of gallbladder wall thickness in cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:149–155.Besso JG, Wrigley RH, Gliatto JM, Webster CRL (2000) Ultrasonographic appearance and clinical findings in 14 dogs with gallbladder mucocele. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:261–271Choi J, Kim A, Keh S, Oh J, Kim H, Yoon J (2013) Comparison between ultrasonographic and clinical findings in 43 dogs with gallbladder mucoceles. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 55:202–207.Woods, K, Brisson BA, Defarges AMN, OblakMl (2012) Congenital dupplex gallbladder and biliary mucocele associated with partial hepatic cholestasis and cholelithiasis in a cat. Can Vet J 53:269–273.Walter R, Dunn ME, d’Anjou MA, LécuyerM(2008) Nonsurgical resolution of gallbladder mucocele in two J Am Vet Med Assoc 11:1688–1693.Culp WT, Drobatz KJ, Glassman MM, et al. Feline visceral hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2008;22(1):148–52.Eich CS, Ludwig LL (2002) The surgical treatment of cholelithiasis in cats: A study of nine cases. J AmSzatmari V, Rothuizen J, van den Ingh GA, van Sluijs FJ, Voorhout G (2004) Ultrasonographic findings in dogs with hyperammonemia: 90 cases (2000–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:717–727.Lamb CR (1996) Ultrasonographic diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: Results of a prospective study. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:281–288Penninck DG, Smyers B, Webster CRL, Rand W, Moore AS (2003) Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in differentiating canine enteritis from intestinal neoplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:570–575.Lamb CR, Forster-van Hijfte MA, White RN, McEvoy FJ, Rutgers HC (1996a) Ultrasonographic diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunt in 14 cats. J Small Anim Pract 35:205–209.d’Anjou MA, Penninck D, Cornejo L, Pibarot P (2004) Ultrasonographic diagnosis of portosystemic shunting in dogs and cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:424–437.Nyland TG, Fisher PE (1990) Evaluation of experimentally induced canine hepatic cirrhosis using duplex Doppler ultrasound. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 31:189–194Palerme J-S, Brown JC, Marks SL, Birkenheuer AJ (2013) Splenosystemic shunts in cats: a retroscpetive of 33 cases (2004-2011) J Vet Intern Medic 27:1347–1353.Lamb CR, Wrigley RH, Simpson KW, et al. (1996b) Ultrasonographic diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis in four dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 37:121–129.Respess M, O’Toole TE, Taeymans O, Rogers CL, Johnston A, and Webster CRL (2012) Portal vein thrombosis in 33 dogs: 1998–2011. J Vet Intern Med 26:230–237.Hanson JA, Papageorges M, Girard E, Menard M, Hebert P (2001) Ultrasonographic appearance of splenic disease in 101 cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:441–445.Stimson EL, Cook WT, Smith MM, Forrester SD, Moon ML, Saunders GK (2000) Extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the duodenum of a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36: 332–336Reese SL, Zekas LJ, Iasbik MC, Lehman A, et al (2013) Effect of evoflurane anesthesia and blood donation on the ultrasonographic appearance of the spleen in 60 healthy cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 54:168–175.O’Brien RT, Waller KR, Osgood TL (2004) Sonographic features of drug-induced splenic congestion. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:225–227.Penninck DG, Smyers B, Webster CRL, Rand W, Moore AS (2003) Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in differentiating canine enteritis from intestinal neoplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:570–575.Wilson DV, Evans AT, Carpenter RA, Mullineaux DR (2004) The effect of four anaesthetic protocols on splenic size in dogs, Vet Anaesth Analg 31:102–108.Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, Herrgesell ER, Wisner ER (1995) Spleen. In: Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, eds. Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, pp 128–143.Saunders HM, Neath PJ, Brockman DJ (1998) B-mode and Doppler ultrasound imaging of the spleen with canine splenic torsion: A retrospective evaluation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:349–353.Wrigley RH, Konde LJ, Park RD, Lebel JL (1988) Ultrasonographic features of splenic lymphosarcoma in dogs: 12 cases (1980–1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:1565–1568.Crevier FR, Wrigley RH (2000) The sonographic features of splenic lymphoid hyperplasia in 31 dogs: A retrospective study (1980–2000) [Abstract]. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 41:566Crabtree AC, Spangler E, Beard D, Smith A (2010) Diagnostic accuracy of gray-scale ultrasonography for the detection of hepatic and splenic lymphoma In dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 51:661–664.Book AP, Fidel J, Wills T, Bryan J, Sellon R, Mattoon J (2011) Correlation of ultrasound findings, liver and spleen cytology, and prognosis in the clinical staging of high metastatic risk canine mast cell tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 52:548–554.Schwarz LA, Penninck DG, Gliatto J (2001) Canine splenic myelolipomas. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:347-348.LaurensonMP, Skorupski KA,Moore PF, Zwingenberger AL (2011) Ultrasonography of intestinal mast cell tumors in the cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 52:330–334.Day MJ, Lucke VM, Pearson H (1995) A review of pathological diagnoses made from 87 canine splenic biopsies. J Sm Anim Pract 36:426Grooters AM, Miyabayashi T, Biller DS, Merryman J (1994) Sonographic appearance of uremic gastropathy in four dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 35:35–40.Fife WD, Samii VF, DrostWT, Mattoon JS, Hoshaw-Woodard S (2004) Comparison between malignant and nonmalignant splenic masses in dogs using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:289–297PublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/f84828e5-85fe-4f8d-b19a-198078f1b8cc/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD55TEXT2019_APLICATIVO_DIGITAL_IMÁGENES.pdf.txt2019_APLICATIVO_DIGITAL_IMÁGENES.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain329204https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/f6f92aee-71af-4147-9d27-d2029e0ba80f/downloadc1e5d3e9a5f2cdd08d10b0973f33b319MD58licencia de uso.pdf.txtlicencia de uso.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain3https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/73f79788-6eca-4445-8017-2d5c11dff088/download2228e977ebea8966e27929f43e39cb67MD57ORIGINAL2019_APLICATIVO_DIGITAL_IMÁGENES.pdf2019_APLICATIVO_DIGITAL_IMÁGENES.pdfTrabajo de gradoapplication/pdf7800071https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/77c51e11-b1dc-499c-850b-b34f7e3a68c2/download4f4bbb677295bdafe7b49bbacc645d54MD56licencia de uso.pdflicencia de uso.pdflicencia de usoapplication/pdf142718https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/710c24dc-8997-4f93-8190-1782ae3c5c74/downloadd4f9e997695b3927d696b10818e8295fMD54THUMBNAIL2019_APLICATIVO_DIGITAL_IMÁGENES.pdf.jpg2019_APLICATIVO_DIGITAL_IMÁGENES.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg3615https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4b10d5cf-7c12-44ef-a90a-0acd263c0223/download3a94b534406b05ce3278c48795c4f23cMD510licencia de uso.pdf.jpglicencia de uso.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5146https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/db08bf02-b2f3-40f6-b75f-f9aa990bfc9c/download110fdcecb9a0871b3dc4276de249be19MD5920.500.12494/13836oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/138362024-08-23 17:00:21.576open.accesshttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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 |