Mathematical model of HIV/AIDS considering sexual preferences under antiretroviral therapy, a Case study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.

Si bien varios estudios sobre el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH)/inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) en la población homosexual y heterosexual han demostrado sustanciales ventajas en el control de la transmisión del VIH en estos grupos, los beneficios generales de la modelos con población...

Full description

Autores:
Espitia, Cristian Camilo
Botina, Miguel A
Solarte, Marco Antonio
Hernández Ramírez, Iván
Riascos, Ricardo
Meyer, Joao F
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
Idioma:
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/48977
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/48977
Palabra clave:
Terapia antirretroviral
Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana
Sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias
Antiretroviral therapy
Human immunodeficiency virus
System of ordinary differential equations
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución
id COOPER2_adafc9fd14547c4be2141df26b4bec86
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/48977
network_acronym_str COOPER2
network_name_str Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Mathematical model of HIV/AIDS considering sexual preferences under antiretroviral therapy, a Case study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.
title Mathematical model of HIV/AIDS considering sexual preferences under antiretroviral therapy, a Case study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.
spellingShingle Mathematical model of HIV/AIDS considering sexual preferences under antiretroviral therapy, a Case study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.
Terapia antirretroviral
Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana
Sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias
Antiretroviral therapy
Human immunodeficiency virus
System of ordinary differential equations
title_short Mathematical model of HIV/AIDS considering sexual preferences under antiretroviral therapy, a Case study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.
title_full Mathematical model of HIV/AIDS considering sexual preferences under antiretroviral therapy, a Case study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.
title_fullStr Mathematical model of HIV/AIDS considering sexual preferences under antiretroviral therapy, a Case study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.
title_full_unstemmed Mathematical model of HIV/AIDS considering sexual preferences under antiretroviral therapy, a Case study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.
title_sort Mathematical model of HIV/AIDS considering sexual preferences under antiretroviral therapy, a Case study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Espitia, Cristian Camilo
Botina, Miguel A
Solarte, Marco Antonio
Hernández Ramírez, Iván
Riascos, Ricardo
Meyer, Joao F
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Espitia, Cristian Camilo
Botina, Miguel A
Solarte, Marco Antonio
Hernández Ramírez, Iván
Riascos, Ricardo
Meyer, Joao F
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Terapia antirretroviral
Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana
Sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias
topic Terapia antirretroviral
Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana
Sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias
Antiretroviral therapy
Human immunodeficiency virus
System of ordinary differential equations
dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv Antiretroviral therapy
Human immunodeficiency virus
System of ordinary differential equations
description Si bien varios estudios sobre el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH)/inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) en la población homosexual y heterosexual han demostrado sustanciales ventajas en el control de la transmisión del VIH en estos grupos, los beneficios generales de la modelos con población bisexual e inicio de terapia antirretroviral no han tenido suficiente atención en el modelado dinámico. Así, utilizamos un modelo matemático basado en el estudio de la impactos del comportamiento bisexual en una comunidad global desarrollados en el trabajo de tesis doctoral de Espitia (2021). El modelo se rige por un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias no lineales, los parámetros de los cuales están calibrados con datos de los casos acumulados de infección por VIH y SIDA reportado en San Juan de Pasto en 2019. Las estimaciones de nuestro modelo muestran qué parámetros son los más influyentes y cómo modularlos para disminuir la infección por el VIH.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-04-06
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-03-16T20:37:06Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-03-16T20:37:06Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículos Científicos
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 1066-5277
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/48977
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.none.fl_str_mv Espitia, C.C., Botina, M.A. Solarte, M.A., Hernandez, I., Riascos, R.A. & Meyer, J.F. (2022) Mathematical Model of HIV/AIDS Considering Sexual Preferences Under Antiretroviral Therapy, a Case Study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/48977
identifier_str_mv 1066-5277
Espitia, C.C., Botina, M.A. Solarte, M.A., Hernandez, I., Riascos, R.A. & Meyer, J.F. (2022) Mathematical Model of HIV/AIDS Considering Sexual Preferences Under Antiretroviral Therapy, a Case Study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/48977
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/48977
dc.relation.conferenceplace.none.fl_str_mv Pasto
dc.relation.ispartofconference.none.fl_str_mv Modelo Predictivo
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Computational Biology
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Afassinou, K. 2016. Analysis of multiple control strategies for pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-infection interventions on HIV infection [PhD Thesis]. University of Kwazulu-Natal. Available at: https://n9.cl/jpkdo
Akudibillah, G., Pandey, A., and Medlock, J. 2018. Optimal control for HIV treatment. Math. Biosci. Eng. 16, 373–396.
Anderson, R.M., Medley, G.F., May, R.M., et al. 1986. A preliminary study of the transmission dynamics of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV, the causative agent of AIDS. Math. Med. Biol. J. IMA. 3, 229–263.
Apenteng, O.O., and Ismail, N.A. 2019. Modeling the impact of migration on HIV persistency in Ghana. Statistics, Optim. Inf. Comput. 7, 55–65.
Beloqui, J.A. 2008. Relative risk for AIDS between homo/bisexual and heterosexual men. Rev. Sau´de Pu´bl. 42,1–6.
Bhunu, C.P. 2015. Assessing the impact of homelessness on HIV/AIDS transmission dynamics. Cogent Math. Stat. 2, 1021602.
Bhunu, C.P., Mhlanga, A.N., and Mushayabasa, S. 2014. Exploring the impact of prostitution on HIV/AIDS transmission. Int. Sch. Res. Notices. 2014, 651025.
Chan, S.K., Thornton, L.R., Chronister, K.J., et al. 2014. Likely female-to-female sexual transmission of HIV—Texas, 2012. MMWR. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 63, 209–212.
Choi, S.K., Divsalar, S., Flo´rez, J., et al. 2020. Estre´s, salud y bienestar de las personas LGBT en Colombia, resultados de una encuesta nacional [Stress, health and wellbeing of LGBT people in Colombia, results of a national survey]. Williams Institute, UCLA School of law. Available at: https://n9.cl/cdatr. Accessed March 8, 2021.
CNPV 2019, Resultados Censo Nacional de Poblacio´n y Vivienda, Pasto Narin˜o [Results of the National Census of Population and Housing, Pasto Narin˜o]. Available at: https://n9.cl/g5wg. Accessed February 23, 2021.
Cohen, M.S., Chen, Y.Q., McCauley, M., et al. 2011. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 493–505.
Cornejo, G., Martı´nez, J., and Vidal, S. 2020. LGBT studies without LGBT studies: Mapping alternative pathways in Peru´ and Colombia. J. Homosex. 67, 417–434.
DANE 2019. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadı´stica [National Administrative Department of Statistics]. Available at: https://www.dane.gov.co. Accessed February 23, 2021.
Del Romero, J., Baza, M.B., Rı´o, I., et al. 2016. Natural conception in HIV-serodiscordant couples with the infected partner in suppressive antiretroviral therapy: A prospective cohort study. Medicine. 95, e4398.
Espitia C. 2021. (in press). Mathematical Modeling of HIV/AIDS Spread in Human Population [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Campinas. Brazil
Ferna´ndez, D.Y. 2019. Comportamiento sexual y prevalencia de VIH en HSM en tres ciudades de Colombia Bogota´, Medellin y Cali en 2019 [Sexual behavior and HIV prevalence in MSM in three Colombian cities Bogota´, Medellin and Cali in 2019.]. Availabe at: https://n9.cl/gdo78. Accessed March 8, 2019.
Fondo Colombiano de Enfermedades de Alto Costo [Colombian Fund for High-Cost Diseases]. Situacio´n del VIH en Colombia 2019. Available at: https://n9.cl/grpu. Accessed March 8, 2020.
Glick, S.N., Morris, M., Foxman, B., et al. 2012. A comparison of sexual behavior patterns among men who have sex with men and heterosexual men and women. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 60, 83.
IDSN 2019. Instituto Departamental de Salud de Narin˜o, fuente SIVIGILA. Available at: https://n9.cl/g6at5. Accessed March 8, 2021.
Jones, J.H. 2007. Notes on R0. Department of Anthropological Sciences. Technical Report 323. Stanford University. Department of Anthropological Sciences, Stanford, CA
Kaur, N., Ghosh, M., and Bhatia, S.S. 2012. Modeling the spread of HIV in a stage structured population: Effect of awareness. Int. J. Biomath. 5, 1250040.
Kwakwa, H.A., and Ghobrial, M.W. 2003. Female-to-female transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 36, e40–e41.
Lloyd, A.L., and May, R.M. 1996. Spatial heterogeneity in epidemic models. J. Theor. Biol. 179, 1–11.
Mastro, T.D., and De Vincenzi, I. 1996. Probabilities of sexual HIV-1 transmission. AIDS. 10(Suppl. A), S75–S82.
Mukandavire, Z., Chiyaka, C., Magombedze, G., et al. 2009. Assessing the effects of homosexuals and bisexuals on the intrinsic dynamics of HIV/AIDS in heterosexual settings. Math. Comput. Model. 49, 1869–1882.
Nettleman. 2019. HIV Tests, Symptoms, Signs, and Stages of Infection. Available at: https://n9.cl/f5da. Accessed March 13, 2021.
Omondi, E.O., Mbogo, R.W., and Luboobi, L.S. 2018. Mathematical analysis of sex-structured population model of HIV infection in Kenya. Lett. Biomath. 5, 174–194.
Omondi, E.O., Mbogo, R.W., and Luboobi, L.S. 2019. A mathematical modeling study of HIV infection in two heterosexual age groups in Kenya. Infect. Dis. Model. 2019, 83–98.
Ostadzad, M.H., Shahmorad, S., and Erjaee, G.H. 2016. Study of public health education effect on spread of HIV infection in a density-dependent transmission model. Diff. Equ. Dyn. Syst. 28, 201–215.
Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E.W., Hunter, J., et al. 2006. Sexual identity development among lesbian, homosexual, and bisexual youths: Consistency and change over time. J. Sex Res. 43, 46–58.
Simon, B.R., Bockting, W.O., Ross, M.W., et al. 2008. The relationship between homosexuality, internalized homonegativity, and mental health in men who have sex with men. J. Homosex. 55, 185–203.
Sun, X., Xiao, Y., Peng, Z., et al. 2013. Modeling HIV/AIDS epidemic among men who have sex with men in China. BioMed. Res. Int. 2013, 1–18.
Thompson, E.M., and Morgan, E. 2008. ‘‘Mostly straight’’ young women: Variations in sexual behavior and identity development. Dev. Psychol. 44, 15.
UNAIDS. 2021. Programa conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/SIDA, ONUSIDA [Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)]. Available at: https://n9.cl/tx8a. Accessed February 4, 2021.
Van den Driessche, P. 2017. Reproduction numbers of infectious disease models. Infect. Dis. Model. 2, 288–303.
Yang, W., Shu, Z. Lam, J., et al. 2017. Global dynamics of an HIV model incorporating senior male clients. Appl. Math. Comput. 311, 203–216.
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Atribución
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 483-493 p.
dc.coverage.temporal.none.fl_str_mv Vol. 29, No. 5
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina, Pasto
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Medicina
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv Pasto
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina, Pasto
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc
institution Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/a39f4b12-cff1-495f-a2c7-4dbaad688f7b/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/088fc552-a6b0-41f8-bd70-54316bc5049f/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/fb06598c-4f69-487e-a8b9-eecc0364c1d3/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/78f38f01-1f09-4ef4-a982-1aaaaea18752/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/54c76954-b04a-4ba4-93c3-92b3b521bb94/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/91034f31-028b-4e69-b899-848eab92adba/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4ef45ac7-43e9-417b-bc43-e1dd74110590/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45
414f26084d4d5cdea845af49cdfb7478
95e83199995c616cb040c39d8bf47fc4
9e4b3f56a7111f2c369c38c0627980db
728778927abf19107d7ee5e608f8a8b3
14431e847458db68342b0f47a9737b1a
00aeee072fcd5135d4fb12647e0f7f5a
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
_version_ 1808788891107328000
spelling Espitia, Cristian CamiloBotina, Miguel ASolarte, Marco AntonioHernández Ramírez, IvánRiascos, RicardoMeyer, Joao FVol. 29, No. 52023-03-16T20:37:06Z2023-03-16T20:37:06Z2022-04-061066-5277https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/48977Espitia, C.C., Botina, M.A. Solarte, M.A., Hernandez, I., Riascos, R.A. & Meyer, J.F. (2022) Mathematical Model of HIV/AIDS Considering Sexual Preferences Under Antiretroviral Therapy, a Case Study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/48977Si bien varios estudios sobre el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH)/inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) en la población homosexual y heterosexual han demostrado sustanciales ventajas en el control de la transmisión del VIH en estos grupos, los beneficios generales de la modelos con población bisexual e inicio de terapia antirretroviral no han tenido suficiente atención en el modelado dinámico. Así, utilizamos un modelo matemático basado en el estudio de la impactos del comportamiento bisexual en una comunidad global desarrollados en el trabajo de tesis doctoral de Espitia (2021). El modelo se rige por un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias no lineales, los parámetros de los cuales están calibrados con datos de los casos acumulados de infección por VIH y SIDA reportado en San Juan de Pasto en 2019. Las estimaciones de nuestro modelo muestran qué parámetros son los más influyentes y cómo modularlos para disminuir la infección por el VIH.While several studies on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the homosexual and heterosexual population have demonstrated substantial advantages in controlling HIV transmission in these groups, the overall benefits of the models with a bisexual population and initiation of antiretroviral therapy have not had enough attention in dynamic modeling. Thus, we used a mathematical model based on studying the impacts of bisexual behavior in a global community developed in the PhD thesis work of Espitia (2021). The model is governed by a nonlinear ordinary differential equation system, the parameters of which are calibrated with data from the cumulative cases of HIV infection and AIDSreported in San Juan de Pasto in 2019. Ourmodel estimations showwhich parameters are the most influential and how to modulate them to decrease the HIV infection.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000669482https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2328-7468ivan.hernandez@campusucc.edu.co483-493 p.Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina, PastoMary Ann Liebert, IncMedicinaPastoTerapia antirretroviralVirus de inmunodeficiencia humanaSistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinariasAntiretroviral therapyHuman immunodeficiency virusSystem of ordinary differential equationsMathematical model of HIV/AIDS considering sexual preferences under antiretroviral therapy, a Case study in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia.Artículos Científicoshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAtribucióninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2PastoModelo PredictivoJournal of Computational BiologyAfassinou, K. 2016. Analysis of multiple control strategies for pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-infection interventions on HIV infection [PhD Thesis]. University of Kwazulu-Natal. Available at: https://n9.cl/jpkdoAkudibillah, G., Pandey, A., and Medlock, J. 2018. Optimal control for HIV treatment. Math. Biosci. Eng. 16, 373–396.Anderson, R.M., Medley, G.F., May, R.M., et al. 1986. A preliminary study of the transmission dynamics of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV, the causative agent of AIDS. Math. Med. Biol. J. IMA. 3, 229–263.Apenteng, O.O., and Ismail, N.A. 2019. Modeling the impact of migration on HIV persistency in Ghana. Statistics, Optim. Inf. Comput. 7, 55–65.Beloqui, J.A. 2008. Relative risk for AIDS between homo/bisexual and heterosexual men. Rev. Sau´de Pu´bl. 42,1–6.Bhunu, C.P. 2015. Assessing the impact of homelessness on HIV/AIDS transmission dynamics. Cogent Math. Stat. 2, 1021602.Bhunu, C.P., Mhlanga, A.N., and Mushayabasa, S. 2014. Exploring the impact of prostitution on HIV/AIDS transmission. Int. Sch. Res. Notices. 2014, 651025.Chan, S.K., Thornton, L.R., Chronister, K.J., et al. 2014. Likely female-to-female sexual transmission of HIV—Texas, 2012. MMWR. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 63, 209–212.Choi, S.K., Divsalar, S., Flo´rez, J., et al. 2020. Estre´s, salud y bienestar de las personas LGBT en Colombia, resultados de una encuesta nacional [Stress, health and wellbeing of LGBT people in Colombia, results of a national survey]. Williams Institute, UCLA School of law. Available at: https://n9.cl/cdatr. Accessed March 8, 2021.CNPV 2019, Resultados Censo Nacional de Poblacio´n y Vivienda, Pasto Narin˜o [Results of the National Census of Population and Housing, Pasto Narin˜o]. Available at: https://n9.cl/g5wg. Accessed February 23, 2021.Cohen, M.S., Chen, Y.Q., McCauley, M., et al. 2011. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 493–505.Cornejo, G., Martı´nez, J., and Vidal, S. 2020. LGBT studies without LGBT studies: Mapping alternative pathways in Peru´ and Colombia. J. Homosex. 67, 417–434.DANE 2019. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadı´stica [National Administrative Department of Statistics]. Available at: https://www.dane.gov.co. Accessed February 23, 2021.Del Romero, J., Baza, M.B., Rı´o, I., et al. 2016. Natural conception in HIV-serodiscordant couples with the infected partner in suppressive antiretroviral therapy: A prospective cohort study. Medicine. 95, e4398.Espitia C. 2021. (in press). Mathematical Modeling of HIV/AIDS Spread in Human Population [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Campinas. BrazilFerna´ndez, D.Y. 2019. Comportamiento sexual y prevalencia de VIH en HSM en tres ciudades de Colombia Bogota´, Medellin y Cali en 2019 [Sexual behavior and HIV prevalence in MSM in three Colombian cities Bogota´, Medellin and Cali in 2019.]. Availabe at: https://n9.cl/gdo78. Accessed March 8, 2019.Fondo Colombiano de Enfermedades de Alto Costo [Colombian Fund for High-Cost Diseases]. Situacio´n del VIH en Colombia 2019. Available at: https://n9.cl/grpu. Accessed March 8, 2020.Glick, S.N., Morris, M., Foxman, B., et al. 2012. A comparison of sexual behavior patterns among men who have sex with men and heterosexual men and women. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 60, 83.IDSN 2019. Instituto Departamental de Salud de Narin˜o, fuente SIVIGILA. Available at: https://n9.cl/g6at5. Accessed March 8, 2021.Jones, J.H. 2007. Notes on R0. Department of Anthropological Sciences. Technical Report 323. Stanford University. Department of Anthropological Sciences, Stanford, CAKaur, N., Ghosh, M., and Bhatia, S.S. 2012. Modeling the spread of HIV in a stage structured population: Effect of awareness. Int. J. Biomath. 5, 1250040.Kwakwa, H.A., and Ghobrial, M.W. 2003. Female-to-female transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 36, e40–e41.Lloyd, A.L., and May, R.M. 1996. Spatial heterogeneity in epidemic models. J. Theor. Biol. 179, 1–11.Mastro, T.D., and De Vincenzi, I. 1996. Probabilities of sexual HIV-1 transmission. AIDS. 10(Suppl. A), S75–S82.Mukandavire, Z., Chiyaka, C., Magombedze, G., et al. 2009. Assessing the effects of homosexuals and bisexuals on the intrinsic dynamics of HIV/AIDS in heterosexual settings. Math. Comput. Model. 49, 1869–1882.Nettleman. 2019. HIV Tests, Symptoms, Signs, and Stages of Infection. Available at: https://n9.cl/f5da. Accessed March 13, 2021.Omondi, E.O., Mbogo, R.W., and Luboobi, L.S. 2018. Mathematical analysis of sex-structured population model of HIV infection in Kenya. Lett. Biomath. 5, 174–194.Omondi, E.O., Mbogo, R.W., and Luboobi, L.S. 2019. A mathematical modeling study of HIV infection in two heterosexual age groups in Kenya. Infect. Dis. Model. 2019, 83–98.Ostadzad, M.H., Shahmorad, S., and Erjaee, G.H. 2016. Study of public health education effect on spread of HIV infection in a density-dependent transmission model. Diff. Equ. Dyn. Syst. 28, 201–215.Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E.W., Hunter, J., et al. 2006. Sexual identity development among lesbian, homosexual, and bisexual youths: Consistency and change over time. J. Sex Res. 43, 46–58.Simon, B.R., Bockting, W.O., Ross, M.W., et al. 2008. The relationship between homosexuality, internalized homonegativity, and mental health in men who have sex with men. J. Homosex. 55, 185–203.Sun, X., Xiao, Y., Peng, Z., et al. 2013. Modeling HIV/AIDS epidemic among men who have sex with men in China. BioMed. Res. Int. 2013, 1–18.Thompson, E.M., and Morgan, E. 2008. ‘‘Mostly straight’’ young women: Variations in sexual behavior and identity development. Dev. Psychol. 44, 15.UNAIDS. 2021. Programa conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/SIDA, ONUSIDA [Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)]. Available at: https://n9.cl/tx8a. Accessed February 4, 2021.Van den Driessche, P. 2017. Reproduction numbers of infectious disease models. Infect. Dis. Model. 2, 288–303.Yang, W., Shu, Z. Lam, J., et al. 2017. Global dynamics of an HIV model incorporating senior male clients. Appl. Math. Comput. 311, 203–216.PublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/a39f4b12-cff1-495f-a2c7-4dbaad688f7b/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD51ORIGINAL2022-Espitia_Botina_Solarte_Hernandez_RiascosYMeyer-VIH_Modelo_Matematico-LicenciaUso.pdf2022-Espitia_Botina_Solarte_Hernandez_RiascosYMeyer-VIH_Modelo_Matematico-LicenciaUso.pdfapplication/pdf190604https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/088fc552-a6b0-41f8-bd70-54316bc5049f/download414f26084d4d5cdea845af49cdfb7478MD522022-Espitia_Botina_Solarte_Hernandez_RiascosYMeyer-VIH_Modelo_Matematico.pdf2022-Espitia_Botina_Solarte_Hernandez_RiascosYMeyer-VIH_Modelo_Matematico.pdfapplication/pdf449511https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/fb06598c-4f69-487e-a8b9-eecc0364c1d3/download95e83199995c616cb040c39d8bf47fc4MD53TEXT2022-Espitia_Botina_Solarte_Hernandez_RiascosYMeyer-VIH_Modelo_Matematico-LicenciaUso.pdf.txt2022-Espitia_Botina_Solarte_Hernandez_RiascosYMeyer-VIH_Modelo_Matematico-LicenciaUso.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain5856https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/78f38f01-1f09-4ef4-a982-1aaaaea18752/download9e4b3f56a7111f2c369c38c0627980dbMD542022-Espitia_Botina_Solarte_Hernandez_RiascosYMeyer-VIH_Modelo_Matematico.pdf.txt2022-Espitia_Botina_Solarte_Hernandez_RiascosYMeyer-VIH_Modelo_Matematico.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain36601https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/54c76954-b04a-4ba4-93c3-92b3b521bb94/download728778927abf19107d7ee5e608f8a8b3MD56THUMBNAIL2022-Espitia_Botina_Solarte_Hernandez_RiascosYMeyer-VIH_Modelo_Matematico-LicenciaUso.pdf.jpg2022-Espitia_Botina_Solarte_Hernandez_RiascosYMeyer-VIH_Modelo_Matematico-LicenciaUso.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg13069https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/91034f31-028b-4e69-b899-848eab92adba/download14431e847458db68342b0f47a9737b1aMD552022-Espitia_Botina_Solarte_Hernandez_RiascosYMeyer-VIH_Modelo_Matematico.pdf.jpg2022-Espitia_Botina_Solarte_Hernandez_RiascosYMeyer-VIH_Modelo_Matematico.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg12739https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4ef45ac7-43e9-417b-bc43-e1dd74110590/download00aeee072fcd5135d4fb12647e0f7f5aMD5720.500.12494/48977oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/489772024-08-10 22:47:38.206restrictedhttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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