Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática

La reabsorción radicular externa (RRE) es un resultado indeseable del tratamiento ortodóncico. Esta revisión sistemática evaluó los diferentes métodos radiográficos para determinar reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia, el tiempo indicado para la toma de radiografías de control de RRE y las ca...

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Autores:: Márquez, José Fernando
Castaño, Jorge Mario
Rueda, Zulma Vanessa
Rendón, Jaime

Tipo de recurso:: Trabajo de grado de pregrado

Fecha de publicación:: 2010

Institución:: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

Repositorio:: Repositorio UCC

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática
title	Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática
spellingShingle	Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática Reabsorción radicular externa Diagnostico Radiografía periapical Ortodoncia TG 2010 ODO 44584 External root resorption Diagnosis Periapical radiography Orthodontics
title_short	Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática
title_full	Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática
title_fullStr	Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática
title_full_unstemmed	Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática
title_sort	Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Márquez, José Fernando Castaño, Jorge Mario Rueda, Zulma Vanessa Rendón, Jaime
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Rueda, Zulma Vanessa Rendón, Jaime
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Márquez, José Fernando Castaño, Jorge Mario Rueda, Zulma Vanessa Rendón, Jaime
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	Reabsorción radicular externa Diagnostico Radiografía periapical Ortodoncia
topic	Reabsorción radicular externa Diagnostico Radiografía periapical Ortodoncia TG 2010 ODO 44584 External root resorption Diagnosis Periapical radiography Orthodontics
dc.subject.classification.spa.fl_str_mv	TG 2010 ODO 44584
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv	External root resorption Diagnosis Periapical radiography Orthodontics
description	La reabsorción radicular externa (RRE) es un resultado indeseable del tratamiento ortodóncico. Esta revisión sistemática evaluó los diferentes métodos radiográficos para determinar reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia, el tiempo indicado para la toma de radiografías de control de RRE y las características radiográficas de este tipo de patología. Métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en bases de datos electrónicas y búsquedas manuales, sin restricciones de año, en idioma ingles y español. Dentro de los criterios de inclusión para los estudios se seleccionaron cohortes y ensayos clínicos aleatorios en seres humanos que evaluaran el movimiento ortodóncico, con aparatología fija, y que registrarán reabsorción radicular externa durante o después del tratamiento. Dos autores evaluaron los artículos de forma independiente y extrajeron los datos de los estudios seleccionados en un formato estandarizado. Resultados: La búsqueda inicial de la literatura arrojo un total de 285 citas. Luego, por título y resumen, se identificaron 40 artículos que podían estar relacionados con el tema. Después de aplicar a los artículos los criterios inclusión, quedaron 26 artículos en total. Debido a la heterogeneidad en los artículos, no fue posible estimar una medida global para las preguntas planteadas. Conclusión: el método ideal para la detección de RRE por ortodoncia es la tomografía Cone Beam, sin embargo, la radiografía periapical es una herramienta excelente y muy útil en nuestro medio para la detección de esta patología. Cuando se utilizan las radiografías periapicales como método diagnostico, estas se deben tomar con una periodicidad de 6 meses y se debe evaluar principalmente la disminución en la longitud radicular
publishDate	2010
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2010-11-15
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2022-04-19T20:18:54Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2022-04-19T20:18:54Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/44584
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv	Márquez, J. F., Castaño, J. M., Rueda, Z. V. y Rendón, J. (2010). Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/44584
url	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/44584
identifier_str_mv	Márquez, J. F., Castaño, J. M., Rueda, Z. V. y Rendón, J. (2010). Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/44584
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Al-Qawasmi RA, Hartsfield JK Jr, Everett ET, Flury L, Liu L,Foroud TM, et al. Genetic predisposition to external apical root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123: 242-52. Newman WG. Possible etiologic factors in external root resorption. Am J Orthod 1975;67:522-39 Harris EF, Robinson QC, Woods MA. An analysis of causes of apical root resorption in patients not treated orthodontically. Quintessence Int 1993;24:417-28. Killiany DM. Root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment:an evidence-based review of literature. Semin Orthod 1999;5:128-33. Tronstad L. Root resorption- etiology, terminology and clinical manifestations. Endod Dent Traumatol 1998; 4:241-251 Jones S, Boyde A. The resorption of dentine and cementum. In: Davidovitch Z, ed. Biological mechanisms of tooth eruption and root resorption. 1994:335-54. Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Root resorption alter orthodontic treatament. Am J. Orthod. Dentofac Orthop 1993; parte 1. 103(1): 62-66. parte 2. 103(2): 138-146 Harris EF, Kineret SE, Tolley EA. A heritable component for external apical root resorption in patients treated orthodontically. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997;111:301-9. Stenvik A, Mjor IA. Pulp and dentine reactions to experimental tooth intrusion. A histological study of the initial changes. Am J Orthod 1970;5:370-85. McLaughlin KD. Quantitative determination of root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod 1964;50: 143. Lupi JE, Handelman CS, Sadowsky C. Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption and alveolar bone loss in orthodontically treated adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;109:28-37. Linge BO, Linge L. Apical root resorption in upper anterior teeth. Eur J Orthod 1983;5:173-83. Sameshima GT, Sinclair PM. Predicting and preventing root resorption: part I. Diagnostic factors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119:505-10. Blake M, Woodside DG, Pharoah MJ. A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with the edgewise and Speed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;108:76-84. Levander E, Malmgren O. Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors. Eur J Orthod 1988;10:30-8. Brin I, Tulloch JFC, Koroluk L, Philips C. External apical root resorption in Class II malocclusion: a retrospective review of 1- versus 2-phase treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacia lOrthop 2003;124:151-6. Levander E, Malmgren O, Stenback K. Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment of patients with multiple aplasia: a study of maxillary incisors. Eur J Orthod 1998;20:427-34. Killiany DM. Root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment: review of literature from 1998 to 2001 for evidence. ProgOrthod 2002;3:2-5. Linge L, Linge BO. Patient characteristics and treatment variables associated with apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;99:35-43. Malmgren O, Goldson L, Hill C, Orwin A, Petrini L, Lundberg M. Root resorption after orthodontic treatment of traumatized teeth. Am J Orthod 1982;82:487-91 Kook YA, Park S, Sameshima GT. Peg-shaped and small lateral incisors not at higher risk for root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123:253-8 Otis L, Hong J, Tuncay O. Bone structure effect on root resorption. Orthod Craniofac Res 2004;21:165-77. Dermaut LR, De Munck A. Apical root resorption of upper incisors caused by intrusive tooth movement: a radiographic study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1986;90:321-6. Casa MA, Faltin RM, Faltin K, Sander FG, Arana-Chavez VE. Root resorptions in upper first premolars after application of continuous torque moment. Intra-individual study. J Orofac Orthop2001;62:285-95. Harris DA, Jones AS, Darendeliler MA. Physical properties of root cementum: part 8. Volumetric analysis of root resorption craters after application of controlled intrusive light and heavy orthodontic forces: a microcomputed tomography scan study Chan E, Darendeliler MA. Physical properties of root cementum: part 7. Extent of root resorption under areas of compression and tension. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop 2006;129: 504-10. Kaley J, Phillips C. Factors related to root resorption in edgewise practice. Angle Orthod 1991;61:125-32. Beck BW, Harris EF. Apical root resorption in orthodontically treated subjects: analysis of edgewise and light wire mechanics.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994;105:350-61. Barbagallo LJ, Jones AS, Petocz P, Darendeliler MA. Physical properties of root cementum: part 10. Comparison of the effects of invisible removable thermoplastic appliances with light and heavy orthodontic forces on premolar cementum. A microcomputed- tomography study. AmJ Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 133:218-27. Parker RJ, Harris EF. Directions of orthodontic tooth movements associated with external apical root resorption of the maxillary central incisor. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;114: 672-83. Segal G, Schiffman P, Tuncay O. Meta analysis of the treatmentrelated factors of external apical root resorption. Orthod Craniofac Res 2004;7:71-8 Fox N. Longer orthodontic treatment may result in greater external apical root resorption. Evid Based Dent 2005;6:21. Faltin RM, Faltin K, Sander FG, Arana-Chavez VE. Ultrastructure of cementum and periodontal ligament after continuous intrusion in humans: a transmission electron microscopy study. Eur J Orthod 2001;23:35-49. Acar A, Canyurek U, Kocaaga M, Erverdi N. Continuous vs. Discontinuous force application and root resorption. Angle Orthod 1999;69:159-63. Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Root resorption after orthodontictreatment: part 1. Literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103:62-6. Pandis N, Nasika M, Polychronopoulou A, Eliades T. External apical root resorption in patients treated with conventional and self-ligating brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;134:646-51. Hartsfield JK Jr, Everett ET, Al-Qawasmi RA. Genetic factors in external apical root resorption and orthodontic treatment. CritRev Oral BiolMed 2004;15:115-22 Drysdale C, Gibbs SL, Ford TR. Orthodontic management of root-filled teeth. Br J Orthod 1996;23:255-60. Mirabella AD,Artun J. Risk factors for apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop 1995;108:48-55. McNab S, Battistutta D, Taverne A, Symons AL. External apical root resorption of posterior teeth in asthmatics after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116:545-51. Igarashi K, Adachi H, Mitani H, Shinoda H. Inhibitory effect of topical administration of a bisphosphonate (risedronate) on root resorption incident to orthodontic tooth movement in rats. J Dent Res 1996;75:1644-9. Attati I, Hellsing E, Hammarstrom L. Orthodontically induced root resorption in rat molars after 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate injection. Acta Odontol Scand 1996;54:102-8. Villa PA, Oberti G, Moncada CA, Vasseur O, Jaramillo A, Tobon D, et al. Pulp-dentine complex changes and root resorption during intrusive orthodontic tooth movement in patients prescribed nabumetone. J Endod 2005;31:61-6. Poumpros E, Loberg E, Engstrom C. Thyroid function and root resorption. Angle Orthod 1994;64:389-93. Christiansen RL. Commentary: thyroxine administration and its effects on root resorption. Angle Orthod 1994;64:399-400. McNab S, Battistutta D, Taverne A, Symons AL. External apical root resorption of posterior teeth in asthmatics after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116:545-51. Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part II: the clinical aspects. Angle Orthod 2002;72:180-4. Horiuchi A, Hotokezaka H, Kobayashi K. Correlation between cortical plate proximity and apical root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;114:311-8. Midgett RJ, Shaye R, Fruge JF Jr. The effect of altered bone metabolism on orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod1981;80:256-62. Weiland F. Constant versus dissipating forces in orthodontics: the effect on initial tooth movement and root resorption. Eur J Orthod 2003;25:335-42. Davidovitch Z, Godwin SL, Park YG, Dobeck JM, Lily CM, De Sanctis GT. The etiology of root resorption. In: McNamara JA, Trotman CA, editors. Orthodontic treatment: the management of unfavorable Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part II: the clinical aspects. Angle Orthod 2002;72:180-4. Lee KS, Straja SR, Tuncay OC. Perceived long-term prognosis of teeth with orthodontically resorbed roots. OrthodCraniofac Res 2003;6:177-91. Clarke M OA. Manual del Revisor Cochrane 4.1.6 [actualización enero 2003]; 2003. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan DJ et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials 1996;17:1-12. Wells GA SB, O'Connell D. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa. Eva Levander, RusalinBajka and OlleMalmgren. Early radiographic diagnosis of apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of maxillary incisors. European Journal of Orthodontics 20 (1998) 57–63. Sameshima GT, Asgarifar KO. Assessment of root resorption and root shape: periapicalvs panoramic films. AngleOrthod2001;71: 185–189. HoomanMohandesan, HosseinRavanmehr and Nasser Valaei. A radiographic analysis of external apical root resorption of maxillary incisors during active orthodontic treatment. European Journal of Orthodontics 29 (2007) 134–139. Dudic A, Giannopoulou C, Martinez M, Montet X, Kiliaridis S. Diagnostic accuracy of digitized periapical radiographs validated against micro-computed tomography scanning in evaluating orthodontically induced apical root resorption. Eur J Oral Sci. 2008 Oct;116(5):467-72. Jon Artun, Ron Van ‘t Hullenaar, Diane Doppel, and Anne M. Kuijpers-Jagtman. Identification of orthodontic patients at risk of severe apical root resorption. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop 2009;135:448-55 Alqerban A, Jacobs R, Fieuws S, Willems G. Comparison of two cone beam computed tomographic systems versus panoramic imaging for localization of impacted maxillary canines and detection of root resorption. European Journal of Orthodontics33 (2011) 93–102 van Loenen M, Dermaut LR, Degrieck J, De Pauw GA. Apical root resorption of upper incisors during the torquing stage of the tip-edge technique. Eur J Orthod. 2007 Dec;29(6):583-8. Mavragani M, Vergari A, Selliseth NJ, Bøe OE, Wisth PL. A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with a standard edgewise and a straight-wire edgewise technique.Eur J Orthod. 2000 Dec;22(6):665-74. Artun J, Smale I, Behbehani F, Doppel D, Van't Hof M, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Apical root resorption six and 12 months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. AngleOrthod. 2005 Nov;75(6):919-26. Costopoulos G, Nanda R. An evaluation of root resorption incident to orthodontic intrusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996 May;109(5):543-8. Smale I, Artun J, Behbehani F, Doppel D, van't Hof M, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Apical root resorption 6 months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Jul;128(1):57-67. Kocadereli I, Yesil TN, Veske PS, Uysal S. Apical root resorption: a prospective radiographic study of maxillary incisors. Eur J Dent. 2011 Jul;5(3):318-23. deFreitas MR, Beltrão RT, Janson G, Henriques JF, Chiqueto K. Evaluation of root resorption after open bite treatment with and without extractions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Aug;132(2):143.e15-22 Perona G, Wenzel A. Radiographic evaluation of the effect of orthodontic retraction on the root of the maxillary canine. DentomaxillofacRadiol. 1996 Sep;25(4):179-85. Mirabella AD, Artun J. Risk factors for apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop. 1995 Jul;108(1):48-55. Mirabella AD, Artun J. Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients. Eur J Orthod. 1995 Apr;17(2):93-9. Remington DN, Joondeph DR, Artun J, Riedel RA, Chapko MK. Long-term evaluation of root resorption occurring during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989 Jul;96(1):43-6. Esteves T, Ramos AL, Pereira CM, Hidalgo MM. Orthodontic root resorption of endodontically treated teeth. J Endod. 2007 Feb;33(2):119-22. Tsesis I, Fuss Z, Rosenberg E, Taicher S. Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence of root resorption in a Middle Eastern population. QuintessenceInt. 2008 Feb;39(2):e40-4.
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spelling	Rueda, Zulma VanessaRendón, JaimeMárquez, José FernandoCastaño, Jorge MarioRueda, Zulma VanessaRendón, Jaime2022-04-19T20:18:54Z2022-04-19T20:18:54Z2010-11-15https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/44584Márquez, J. F., Castaño, J. M., Rueda, Z. V. y Rendón, J. (2010). Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/44584La reabsorción radicular externa (RRE) es un resultado indeseable del tratamiento ortodóncico. Esta revisión sistemática evaluó los diferentes métodos radiográficos para determinar reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia, el tiempo indicado para la toma de radiografías de control de RRE y las características radiográficas de este tipo de patología. Métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en bases de datos electrónicas y búsquedas manuales, sin restricciones de año, en idioma ingles y español. Dentro de los criterios de inclusión para los estudios se seleccionaron cohortes y ensayos clínicos aleatorios en seres humanos que evaluaran el movimiento ortodóncico, con aparatología fija, y que registrarán reabsorción radicular externa durante o después del tratamiento. Dos autores evaluaron los artículos de forma independiente y extrajeron los datos de los estudios seleccionados en un formato estandarizado. Resultados: La búsqueda inicial de la literatura arrojo un total de 285 citas. Luego, por título y resumen, se identificaron 40 artículos que podían estar relacionados con el tema. Después de aplicar a los artículos los criterios inclusión, quedaron 26 artículos en total. Debido a la heterogeneidad en los artículos, no fue posible estimar una medida global para las preguntas planteadas. Conclusión: el método ideal para la detección de RRE por ortodoncia es la tomografía Cone Beam, sin embargo, la radiografía periapical es una herramienta excelente y muy útil en nuestro medio para la detección de esta patología. Cuando se utilizan las radiografías periapicales como método diagnostico, estas se deben tomar con una periodicidad de 6 meses y se debe evaluar principalmente la disminución en la longitud radicularExternal root resorption (ERR) is an undesirable outcome of orthodontic treatment. This systematic review assessed the different methods to evaluate root resorption, the proper time to take control radiographies, and the radiologic characteristics shown when root resorption is present. Methods: electronic and manual searches were performed without year restrictions. Inclusion criteria included cohort studies and randomized clinical trials performed in human subjects that assessed orthodontic movement through fixed appliances and that recorded root resorption before or during the course of treatment. Two authors evaluated the articles independently and extracted the selected ones in a standardized format. Results: initial search yielded 285 references. 40 articles that could be related to the topic were then identified by title and abstract. After the evaluation using the inclusion criteria, 26 articles were analyzed. Due to heterogeneity among articles, it was not possible to estimate a global measurement for the investigation questions. Conclusion: the ideal method for the detection of external root resorption (ERR) caused by orthodontic treatment is the cone-beam tomography, but periapical radiographies may be a useful tool. When such radiographies are used as a diagnostic method, they must be taken with a 6-month periodicity and the decrease in root length must be evaluatedjose.marquez@campusucc.edu.co22 p.Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Odontología, Medellín y EnvigadoOdontologíaMedellínReabsorción radicular externaDiagnosticoRadiografía periapicalOrtodonciaTG 2010 ODO 44584External root resorptionDiagnosisPeriapical radiographyOrthodonticsDiagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemáticaTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAtribucióninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Al-Qawasmi RA, Hartsfield JK Jr, Everett ET, Flury L, Liu L,Foroud TM, et al. Genetic predisposition to external apical root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123: 242-52.Newman WG. Possible etiologic factors in external root resorption. Am J Orthod 1975;67:522-39Harris EF, Robinson QC, Woods MA. An analysis of causes of apical root resorption in patients not treated orthodontically. Quintessence Int 1993;24:417-28.Killiany DM. Root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment:an evidence-based review of literature. Semin Orthod 1999;5:128-33.Tronstad L. Root resorption- etiology, terminology and clinical manifestations. Endod Dent Traumatol 1998; 4:241-251Jones S, Boyde A. The resorption of dentine and cementum. In: Davidovitch Z, ed. Biological mechanisms of tooth eruption and root resorption. 1994:335-54.Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Root resorption alter orthodontic treatament. Am J. Orthod. Dentofac Orthop 1993; parte 1. 103(1): 62-66. parte 2. 103(2): 138-146Harris EF, Kineret SE, Tolley EA. A heritable component for external apical root resorption in patients treated orthodontically. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997;111:301-9.Stenvik A, Mjor IA. Pulp and dentine reactions to experimental tooth intrusion. A histological study of the initial changes. Am J Orthod 1970;5:370-85.McLaughlin KD. Quantitative determination of root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod 1964;50: 143.Lupi JE, Handelman CS, Sadowsky C. Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption and alveolar bone loss in orthodontically treated adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;109:28-37.Linge BO, Linge L. Apical root resorption in upper anterior teeth. Eur J Orthod 1983;5:173-83.Sameshima GT, Sinclair PM. Predicting and preventing root resorption: part I. Diagnostic factors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119:505-10.Blake M, Woodside DG, Pharoah MJ. A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with the edgewise and Speed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;108:76-84.Levander E, Malmgren O. Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors. Eur J Orthod 1988;10:30-8.Brin I, Tulloch JFC, Koroluk L, Philips C. External apical root resorption in Class II malocclusion: a retrospective review of 1- versus 2-phase treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacia lOrthop 2003;124:151-6.Levander E, Malmgren O, Stenback K. Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment of patients with multiple aplasia: a study of maxillary incisors. Eur J Orthod 1998;20:427-34.Killiany DM. Root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment: review of literature from 1998 to 2001 for evidence. ProgOrthod 2002;3:2-5.Linge L, Linge BO. Patient characteristics and treatment variables associated with apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;99:35-43.Malmgren O, Goldson L, Hill C, Orwin A, Petrini L, Lundberg M. Root resorption after orthodontic treatment of traumatized teeth. Am J Orthod 1982;82:487-91Kook YA, Park S, Sameshima GT. Peg-shaped and small lateral incisors not at higher risk for root resorption. 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Orthodontic management of root-filled teeth. Br J Orthod 1996;23:255-60.Mirabella AD,Artun J. Risk factors for apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop 1995;108:48-55.McNab S, Battistutta D, Taverne A, Symons AL. External apical root resorption of posterior teeth in asthmatics after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116:545-51.Igarashi K, Adachi H, Mitani H, Shinoda H. Inhibitory effect of topical administration of a bisphosphonate (risedronate) on root resorption incident to orthodontic tooth movement in rats. J Dent Res 1996;75:1644-9.Attati I, Hellsing E, Hammarstrom L. Orthodontically induced root resorption in rat molars after 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate injection. Acta Odontol Scand 1996;54:102-8.Villa PA, Oberti G, Moncada CA, Vasseur O, Jaramillo A, Tobon D, et al. Pulp-dentine complex changes and root resorption during intrusive orthodontic tooth movement in patients prescribed nabumetone. J Endod 2005;31:61-6.Poumpros E, Loberg E, Engstrom C. Thyroid function and root resorption. Angle Orthod 1994;64:389-93.Christiansen RL. Commentary: thyroxine administration and its effects on root resorption. Angle Orthod 1994;64:399-400.McNab S, Battistutta D, Taverne A, Symons AL. External apical root resorption of posterior teeth in asthmatics after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116:545-51.Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part II: the clinical aspects. Angle Orthod 2002;72:180-4.Horiuchi A, Hotokezaka H, Kobayashi K. Correlation between cortical plate proximity and apical root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;114:311-8.Midgett RJ, Shaye R, Fruge JF Jr. The effect of altered bone metabolism on orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod1981;80:256-62.Weiland F. Constant versus dissipating forces in orthodontics: the effect on initial tooth movement and root resorption. Eur J Orthod 2003;25:335-42.Davidovitch Z, Godwin SL, Park YG, Dobeck JM, Lily CM, De Sanctis GT. The etiology of root resorption. In: McNamara JA, Trotman CA, editors. Orthodontic treatment: the management of unfavorableBrezniak N, Wasserstein A. Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part II: the clinical aspects. Angle Orthod 2002;72:180-4.Lee KS, Straja SR, Tuncay OC. Perceived long-term prognosis of teeth with orthodontically resorbed roots. OrthodCraniofac Res 2003;6:177-91.Clarke M OA. Manual del Revisor Cochrane 4.1.6 [actualización enero 2003]; 2003.Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan DJ et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials 1996;17:1-12.Wells GA SB, O'Connell D. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa.Eva Levander, RusalinBajka and OlleMalmgren. Early radiographic diagnosis of apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of maxillary incisors. European Journal of Orthodontics 20 (1998) 57–63.Sameshima GT, Asgarifar KO. Assessment of root resorption and root shape: periapicalvs panoramic films. AngleOrthod2001;71: 185–189.HoomanMohandesan, HosseinRavanmehr and Nasser Valaei. A radiographic analysis of external apical root resorption of maxillary incisors during active orthodontic treatment. European Journal of Orthodontics 29 (2007) 134–139.Dudic A, Giannopoulou C, Martinez M, Montet X, Kiliaridis S. Diagnostic accuracy of digitized periapical radiographs validated against micro-computed tomography scanning in evaluating orthodontically induced apical root resorption. Eur J Oral Sci. 2008 Oct;116(5):467-72.Jon Artun, Ron Van ‘t Hullenaar, Diane Doppel, and Anne M. Kuijpers-Jagtman. Identification of orthodontic patients at risk of severe apical root resorption. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop 2009;135:448-55Alqerban A, Jacobs R, Fieuws S, Willems G. Comparison of two cone beam computed tomographic systems versus panoramic imaging for localization of impacted maxillary canines and detection of root resorption. European Journal of Orthodontics33 (2011) 93–102van Loenen M, Dermaut LR, Degrieck J, De Pauw GA. Apical root resorption of upper incisors during the torquing stage of the tip-edge technique. Eur J Orthod. 2007 Dec;29(6):583-8.Mavragani M, Vergari A, Selliseth NJ, Bøe OE, Wisth PL. A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with a standard edgewise and a straight-wire edgewise technique.Eur J Orthod. 2000 Dec;22(6):665-74.Artun J, Smale I, Behbehani F, Doppel D, Van't Hof M, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Apical root resorption six and 12 months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. AngleOrthod. 2005 Nov;75(6):919-26.Costopoulos G, Nanda R. An evaluation of root resorption incident to orthodontic intrusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996 May;109(5):543-8.Smale I, Artun J, Behbehani F, Doppel D, van't Hof M, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Apical root resorption 6 months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Jul;128(1):57-67.Kocadereli I, Yesil TN, Veske PS, Uysal S. Apical root resorption: a prospective radiographic study of maxillary incisors. Eur J Dent. 2011 Jul;5(3):318-23.deFreitas MR, Beltrão RT, Janson G, Henriques JF, Chiqueto K. Evaluation of root resorption after open bite treatment with and without extractions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Aug;132(2):143.e15-22Perona G, Wenzel A. Radiographic evaluation of the effect of orthodontic retraction on the root of the maxillary canine. DentomaxillofacRadiol. 1996 Sep;25(4):179-85.Mirabella AD, Artun J. Risk factors for apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop. 1995 Jul;108(1):48-55.Mirabella AD, Artun J. Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients. Eur J Orthod. 1995 Apr;17(2):93-9.Remington DN, Joondeph DR, Artun J, Riedel RA, Chapko MK. Long-term evaluation of root resorption occurring during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989 Jul;96(1):43-6.Esteves T, Ramos AL, Pereira CM, Hidalgo MM. Orthodontic root resorption of endodontically treated teeth. J Endod. 2007 Feb;33(2):119-22.Tsesis I, Fuss Z, Rosenberg E, Taicher S. Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence of root resorption in a Middle Eastern population. 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Diagnóstico de reabsorción radicular externa en ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática

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