Mapping the open access ecosystem

El Acceso Abierto (AA) como movimiento ha ido ganando fuerza de forma constante durante aproximadamente las dos últimas décadas. A medida que han surgido nuevos actores, políticas y herramientas para apoyar este movimiento, componiendo lo que podría considerarse un Ecosistema de Acceso Abierto (EAA)...

Full description

Autores:
Jaime, Astrid
Osorio Sanabria, Mariutsi Alexandra
Alcántara Concepción, Tamara Iskra
Barreto Granada, Piedad Lucia
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
Idioma:
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/49037
Acceso en línea:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102436
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/49037
Palabra clave:
Acceso abierto
Ecosistema
Revisión de literatura
Comunicación academica
Open access
Ecosystem
Literature review
Scholarly Communication
Rights
closedAccess
License
Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
id COOPER2_8cb068bc2552c645185382e137185a8c
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/49037
network_acronym_str COOPER2
network_name_str Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Mapping the open access ecosystem
title Mapping the open access ecosystem
spellingShingle Mapping the open access ecosystem
Acceso abierto
Ecosistema
Revisión de literatura
Comunicación academica
Open access
Ecosystem
Literature review
Scholarly Communication
title_short Mapping the open access ecosystem
title_full Mapping the open access ecosystem
title_fullStr Mapping the open access ecosystem
title_full_unstemmed Mapping the open access ecosystem
title_sort Mapping the open access ecosystem
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Jaime, Astrid
Osorio Sanabria, Mariutsi Alexandra
Alcántara Concepción, Tamara Iskra
Barreto Granada, Piedad Lucia
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Jaime, Astrid
Osorio Sanabria, Mariutsi Alexandra
Alcántara Concepción, Tamara Iskra
Barreto Granada, Piedad Lucia
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Acceso abierto
Ecosistema
Revisión de literatura
Comunicación academica
topic Acceso abierto
Ecosistema
Revisión de literatura
Comunicación academica
Open access
Ecosystem
Literature review
Scholarly Communication
dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv Open access
Ecosystem
Literature review
Scholarly Communication
description El Acceso Abierto (AA) como movimiento ha ido ganando fuerza de forma constante durante aproximadamente las dos últimas décadas. A medida que han surgido nuevos actores, políticas y herramientas para apoyar este movimiento, componiendo lo que podría considerarse un Ecosistema de Acceso Abierto (EAA). como un Ecosistema de Acceso Abierto (EAA). Sin embargo, la bibliografía sigue siendo sorprendentemente escasa sobre los elementos, la estructura y las relaciones entre los componentes del OAE real. Por esta razón, revisamos la literatura sobre el tema con el fin de alcanzar una propuesta de lo que es este OAE en la actualidad. Tras revisar la literatura, proponemos que el OAE incluye tres componentes principales: actores, Tecnología y Marco Regulatorio. Para cada uno de estos componentes, definimos los elementos incluidos en cada uno de ellos, y damos ejemplos que surgen de la revisión de la literatura sobre investigación relacionada con el AA. Proponemos que dilucidar el OAE real podría ayudar a los responsables políticos así como a la comunidad de OA, a comprender mejor la complejidad del Ecosistema y a definir formas de mejorar su funcionamiento.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-08-21
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-03-27T18:47:34Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-03-27T18:47:34Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículos Científicos
dc.type.hasVersion.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv Jaime, A; Osorio, M; Alcantara, T; Barreto,P. (2021). Mapping de open access ecosystem. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(2021)102436. Doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102436
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 18791999
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102436
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/49037
identifier_str_mv Jaime, A; Osorio, M; Alcantara, T; Barreto,P. (2021). Mapping de open access ecosystem. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(2021)102436. Doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102436
18791999
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102436
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/49037
dc.relation.isversionof.none.fl_str_mv https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0099133321001270
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv The Journal of Academic Librarianship
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Adner, R. (2017). Ecosystem as structure: An actionable construct for strategy. Journal of Management, 43(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316678451
Attour, A., & Lazaric, N. (2020). From knowledge to business ecosystems: Emergence of an entrepreneurial activity during knowledge replication. Small Business Economics, 54(2), 575–587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0035-3
Avital, M., Bj¨ork, B. C., Boland, R. J., Crowston, K., Lyytinen, K., & Majchrzak, A. (2009). ICIS 2008 panel report: Open access publishing to nurture the sprouts of knowledge and the future of information systems research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 24(1), 509–522. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2536508
Ball, D. (2016). Definitions of terms used in Open Science and open access: Introductory | FOSTER. https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/content/definitions-terms-used-openscience- and-open-access-introductory.
Becerril García, A., Aguado L´opez, E., Batthy´any, K., Melero, R., Beigel, F., V´elez Cuartas, G., Banzato, G., Rozemblum, C., Amescua García, C., Gallardo, O., & Torres, J. (2018). AmeliCA: A Community-driven Sustainable Framework for Open Knowledge in Latin America and the Global South. Redalyc: Universidad Aut´onoma del Estado de M´exico, CLACSO, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Universidad de Antioquia. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/90958.
Bid. (2014). 4 razones para apostar por Open Knowledge., febrero 6). https://blogs.iadb.or g/conocimiento-abierto/es/4-razones-para-apostar-por-open-knowledge/.
Bornmann, L., Schier, H., Marx, W., & Daniel, H.-D. (2011). Is interactive open access publishing able to identify high-impact submissions? A study on the predictive validity of atmospheric chemistry and physics by using percentile rank classes. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21418
Cantner, U., Cunningham, J. A., Lehmann, E. E., & Menter, M. (2020). Entrepreneurial ecosystems: A dynamic lifecycle model. Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11187-020-00316-0
Chaudhuri, J., & Thohira, M. (2010). Usage of open-access journals: Findings from eleven top science and medical journals. Serials Librarian, 58(1–4), 97–105. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/03615261003623070
Clobridge, A. (2014). Open access: Progress, possibilities, and the changing scholarly communications ecosystem. Online, 38(2), 42–52. Colciencias. (2018). Lineamientos para una Política de Ciencia Abierta en Colombia.
D´avalos-Sotelo, R. (2015). Una forma de evaluar el impacto de la investigaci´on científica. Madera Bosques, 21, 7–16. https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2015.210422
Dawes, S. S., Vidiasova, L., & Parkhimovich, O. (2016). Planning and designing open government data programs: An ecosystem approach. Government Information Quarterly, 33(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.01.003
Evans, S., Thompson, H., & Watkins, A. (2011). Discovering open access art history: A comparative study of the indexing of open access art journals. The Serials Librarian, 61(2), 168–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361526X.2011.592666
Finch, D. J. (2013). Accessibility, sustainability, excellence: the UK approach to open access. Information Services and Use, 33(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.3233/ISU- 130687
Fosci, M., Ficarra, V., Chiarelli, A., & Johnson, R. (2020). Equitable access to research in a changing world: Research4Life landscape and situation analysis. Commonplace. https:// commonplace.knowledgefutures.org/pub/fgm2pqu5/release/1.
Frandsen, T. F. (2009). The integration of open access journals in the scholarly communication system: three science fields. Information Processing and Management, 45(1), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2008.06.001
Gonz´alez-Videgaray, M., & Hern´andez Zamora, G. (2014). Publicaciones de los investigadores educativos mexicanos en índices con liderazgo mundial. In (pp. 31–49). Perfiles Educativos, XXXVI. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=13230751003.
Granstrand, O., & Holgersson, M. (2020). Innovation ecosystems: A conceptual review and a new definition. Technovation, 90–91(November 2019), Article 102098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2019.102098
Gunasekaran, S., & Arunachalam, S. (2014). The impact factors of open access and subscription journals across fields. Current Science, 107(3), 380–388. https://doi. org/10.18520/cs/v107/i3/380-388
Harnad, S. (2001). The self-archiving initiative. In , Vol. 410, Número 6832. Nature (pp. 1024–1025). Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/35074210.
Hassandoust, F., Logeswaran, R., & Farzaneh Kazerouni, M. (2011). Behavioral factors influencing virtual knowledge sharing: theory of reasoned action. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 3(2), 116–134. https://doi.org/10.1108/ 17581181111198665
Heaton, S., Siegel, D. S., & Teece, D. J. (2019). Universities and innovation ecosystems: a dynamic capabilities perspective. Industrial and Corporate Change, 28(4), 921–939. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtz038
Heimst¨adt, M., Saunderson, F., & Heath, T. (2014). Conceptualizing open data ecosystems: A timeline analysis of open data development in the UK. In Proceedings of the international conference for E-democracy and open government (CeDEM2014) (pp. 1–11).
Jain, N., & Singh, M. (2019). The evolving ecosystem of predatory journals: A case study in Indian perspective. In Lecture notes in Computer Science (including subseries lecture notes in artificial intelligence and lecture notes in Bioinformatics) 11853 LNCS (pp. 78–92). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34058-2_9
Kaier, C., & Schilhan, L. (2018). Gold open access journals on the institutional repository unipub. VOEB-Mitteilungen, 71(1), 190–198. https://doi.org/10.31263/voebm. v71i1.1975
Lawton, A. (2016). Communicating the open access message: a case study from Ireland. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 22(1), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13614533.2015.1127832
Linde, P., Wessels, B., Smallwood, R., Price, L., Noorman, M., Wyatt, S., & Sondervan, J. (2015). Feasibility of using existing open access networks to support the harmonization of open access. Seventh Framework Programme. www.oecd.org/dataoecd/9/61/385 00813.pdf.
López-L´opez, W. (2019a). Knowledge ecosystem in Latin America: Open access, metrics, paradox and contradictions. Universitas Psychologica, 18(4), 1–3. https://doi.org/ 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy18-4.ecal
Lopez-López, W. (2019b). Open access to knowledge, a universal right: The implications of the governance of open access ecosystems. Universitas Psychologica, 18(5), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy18-5.acdu
Madhan, M., & Arunachalam, S. (2011). Use made of open access journals by indian researchers to publish their findings. In , Vol. 100 Número 9. Current science. http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/about/faq?name=impactfactor#jif.
Malo de Molina, T., & Boyer, M. (2019). Open Access: a proper management | FOSTER. https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/node/2786.
Mangiafico, P., & Smith, K. L. (2014). Reason, risk, and reward: models for libraries and other stakeholders in an evolving scholarly publishing ecosystem. Cultural Anthropology, 29(2), 216–235. https://doi.org/10.14506/ca29.2.03
Massoro, Z. Z., & Othman, R. (2017). Antecedents for actual usage intentions of open access journals in agricultural research institutions in Tanzania. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2017(1). https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1460/?utm_sou rce=digitalcommons.unl.edu%2Flibphilprac%2F1460&utm_medium=PDF&utm _campaign=PDFCoverPages.
Melero, R. (2014). Relieve: veinte a˜nos inmersos en la cronología del acceso abierto a la ciencia. RELIEVE - E- Journal of Educational Research, Assessment and Evaluation, 20 (2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.7203/relieve.20.2.4300
Miguel, S., Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Z., Moya-Aneg´on, F., Chinchilla-Rodriguez, Z., & de Moya-Aneg´on, F. (2011). Open access and scopus: A new approach to scientific visibility from the standpoint of access. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(6), 1130–1145. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21532
Moore, S. (2019). Revisiting ‘the 1990s debutante’: scholar-led publishing and the pre-history of the open access movement | hc:24075 | Humanities CORE. https://doi.org/ 10.17613/gty2-w177
Morais, L. P., & Bacic, M. J. (2020). Social and solidarity economy and the need for its entrepreneuring ecosystem: Current challenges in Brazil. CIRIEC-Espana Revista de Economia Publica, Social y Cooperativa, 98, 5–30. https://doi.org/10.7203/CIRIECE. 98.14138
Morales Martínez, Y. M., & Dutr´enit Bielous, G. (2017). El movimiento maker y los procesos de generaci´on, transferencia y uso del conocimiento. Entreciencias: Di´alogos en la Sociedad del Conocimiento, 5(15). https://doi.org/10.22201/ enesl.20078064e.2017.15.62588
Morante, L. F. M. (2016). Visibilidad e impacto de las revistas peruanas de ciencias sociales en acceso abierto. Biblios, 65(65), 29–51. https://doi.org/10.5195/ biblios.2016.320
Moreira, J. M., Laranjeira, C., Carvalho, J., Ribeiro, F., Lopes, P., & Graça, P. (2017). Integrating a national network of institutional repositories into the National/ international research management ecosystem. Procedia Computer Science, 106(June 2016), 146–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.03.010
Nordling, N. (2019). Public policy’s role and capability in fostering the emergence and evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystems: a case of ecosystem-based policy in Finland. Local Economy, 34(8), 807–824. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0269094219896260
Okada, M. (2018). Polarization in the future journal publishing ecosystem: Selective subscription journals and open access mega-journals. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics, 6(3), 96. https://doi.org/10.22381/JSME6320183
Open Knowledge Foundation. (2017). What is open?. https://okfn.org/opendata/.
Ordu˜na-Malea, E., & Delgado L´opez-C´ozar, E. (2015). The dark side of open access in google and google scholar: the case of latin-american repositories. Scientometrics, 102 (1), 829–846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1369-5
Osorio-Sanabria, M. A., Gonz´alez-Zabala, M. P., & Amaya-Fern´andez, F. O. (2020). Explorando los componentes de los ecosistemas de datos abiertos: un estudio de mapeo sistem´atico.
Osorio-Sanabria, M. A., Barreto, P. L., Alcantara-Concepcion, T., & Jaime, A. (2021a). Open access research trends in higher education: A literature revie. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 6(5), 1–13.
Osorio-Sanabria, M. A., & Jaime, A. (2021b). In M. A. Osorio-Sanabria, A. Jaime, & F. O. Amaya-Fern´andez (Eds.), Roles and Relationships Among the Actors in the Open Access Ecosystem.
Outsell. (2019). Scientific publishing ecosystem. https://www.outsellinc.com/the-scienti fic-publishing-ecosystem/.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hr´objartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. In , Vol. 372. The BMJ. BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.
Phillips, M. A., & Ritala, P. (2019). A complex adaptive systems agenda for ecosystem research methodology. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 148(September), Article 119739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119739
Pinfield, S., Wakeling, S., Bawden, D., & Robinson, L. (2020). Open access in theory and practice. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429276842
Poorna, L., Moghul, M., & Arunachalam, H. (2012). A study of select open access journals and their business models listed in DOAJ in the fields of civil and structural engineering. Journal of Structural Engineering, 39(4), 458–468.
Radicic, D., Pugh, G., & Douglas, D. (2020). Promoting cooperation in innovation ecosystems: evidence from european traditional manufacturing SMEs. Small Business Economics, 54(1), 257–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0088-3
Redalyc. (2018). Declaraci´on de M´exico a favor del ecosistema latinoamericano de acceso abierto no comercial. Andes. 29(1).
Reggi, L., & Dawes, S. (2016). Open government data ecosystems: Linking transparency for innovation with transparency for participation and accountability. In C. Springer (Ed.), Lecture notes in Computer Science (including subseries lecture notes in artificial intelligence and lecture notes in Bioinformatics) (pp. 74–86). Springer Verlag. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44421-5_6.
Sahoo, J., Mohanty, B., Priyadarshini, L., & Sahoo, L. P. (2017). Indian contribution to open access scholarly publishing in DOAJ. Library Philosophy and Practice, 6–26. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1567.
Styrin, E., Luna-Reyes, L. F., & Harrison, T. M. (2017). Open data ecosystems: an international comparison. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 11(1), 132–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-01-2017-0006
Subbiah, S. (2018). Contribution to open access repository by the Tamil Nadu State Universities in India: A case study of Shodhganga. Library Philosophy and Practice (ejournal), 1766, 1–16. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1766.
Suber, P. (2012). Open access. MIT Press.
Sveinsdottir, T., Wessels, B. A., Smallwood, R., Linde, P., Kala, V., Tsoukala, V., & Sondervan, J. (2014). Policy recommendations for open access to research data in Europe – stakeholder values and ecosystems. Information Services & Use, 34(3–4), 331–333. https://doi.org/10.3233/ISU-140756
Teixeira, J. (2015). On the openness of digital platforms/ecosystems. In Proceedings of the 11th international symposium on open collaboration - OpenSym '15 (pp. 1–4). https:// doi.org/10.1145/2788993.2789829
Togia, A., & Korobili, S. (2014). Attitudes towards open access: A meta-synthesis of the empirical literature. Information Services and Use, 34(3–4), 221–231. https://doi.org/ 10.3233/ISU-140742
Tsoukala, V., & Sachini, E. (2013). MedOANet: Facilitating coordinated open access policies and strategies in Mediterranean Europe. In Uma Decada de Acesso Aberto na UMinho e no Mundo (pp. 79–92). http://hdl.handle.net/10442/13731.
Valle, U., Valle, U., Palacios, M., & Cali, V. (2016). Como organizar la informaci´on de ciencia y tecnología en Latinoam´erica? [How to organize science and technology information in Latin America?].
van Oudenhoven, A. P. E., Schr¨oter, M., & de Groot, R. (2016). Open access to science on ecosystem services and biodiversity. In , Vol. 12, Número 4. International journal of biodiversity science, ecosystem services and management (pp. 239–241). Taylor and Francis Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2016.1229837.
van Schalkwyk, F., Willmers, M., & McNaughton, M. (2016). Viscous open data: The roles of intermediaries in an open data ecosystem. Information Technology for Development, 22(sup1), 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2015.1081868
Wesolek, A. (2014). Bridging the gap between digital measures and digital commons in support of open access: Or, how I learned to stop worrying and love human mediation. Collection Management, 39(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01462679.2014.860856
Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M., & Davis, C. (2014). Innovation with open data: Essential elements of open data ecosystems. Information Polity, 19(1–2), 17–33. https://doi. org/10.3233/IP-140329
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
eu_rights_str_mv closedAccess
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 13 p.
dc.coverage.temporal.none.fl_str_mv 47 (5)
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Derecho, Derecho, Bogotá
Elsevier
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Derecho
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv Bogotá
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Derecho, Derecho, Bogotá
Elsevier
institution Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/2a5d53be-edb9-4623-8077-779261e682c4/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
_version_ 1811564965304205312
spelling Jaime, AstridOsorio Sanabria, Mariutsi AlexandraAlcántara Concepción, Tamara Iskra Barreto Granada, Piedad Lucia47 (5)2023-03-27T18:47:34Z2023-03-27T18:47:34Z2021-08-21Jaime, A; Osorio, M; Alcantara, T; Barreto,P. (2021). Mapping de open access ecosystem. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(2021)102436. Doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.10243618791999https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102436https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/49037El Acceso Abierto (AA) como movimiento ha ido ganando fuerza de forma constante durante aproximadamente las dos últimas décadas. A medida que han surgido nuevos actores, políticas y herramientas para apoyar este movimiento, componiendo lo que podría considerarse un Ecosistema de Acceso Abierto (EAA). como un Ecosistema de Acceso Abierto (EAA). Sin embargo, la bibliografía sigue siendo sorprendentemente escasa sobre los elementos, la estructura y las relaciones entre los componentes del OAE real. Por esta razón, revisamos la literatura sobre el tema con el fin de alcanzar una propuesta de lo que es este OAE en la actualidad. Tras revisar la literatura, proponemos que el OAE incluye tres componentes principales: actores, Tecnología y Marco Regulatorio. Para cada uno de estos componentes, definimos los elementos incluidos en cada uno de ellos, y damos ejemplos que surgen de la revisión de la literatura sobre investigación relacionada con el AA. Proponemos que dilucidar el OAE real podría ayudar a los responsables políticos así como a la comunidad de OA, a comprender mejor la complejidad del Ecosistema y a definir formas de mejorar su funcionamiento.Open Access (OA) as a movement has been steadily gaining strength for roughly the last two decades. As this happens, new actors, policies and tools have emerged to support this movement, composing what could be seen as an Open Access Ecosystem (OAE). However, the literature is still surprisingly scarce on the elements, structure and relationships among the components of the actual OAE. For this reason, we review the literature on the subject in order to attain a proposal of what this OAE is at present. After reviewing the literature, we propose the OAE includes three main components: Actors, Technology, and Regulatory Framework. For each of these components, we define the elements included in each one of them, and give examples that emerge from the review of the literature on OA-related research. We propose that elucidating the actual OAE could support policymakers, as well as the OA community, to better understand the complexity of the Ecosystem and define ways to improve its functioning.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000845302https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001114026https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001301284https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-2439https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7375-3052https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5153-1907CEIL-MDGRINTECCIFADmajaime@unbosque.edu.comariutsi.osorio@upb.edu.cotalcantarac@unam.mxpiedad.barreto@campusucc.edu.cohttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jul0vw8AAAAJ&hl=es&authuser=2https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RqHVt8AAAAAJ&hl=eshttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=J7j2WboAAAAJ&hl=eshttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=UbXf4OIAAAAJ&hl=es13 p.Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Derecho, Derecho, BogotáElsevierDerechoBogotáhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0099133321001270The Journal of Academic LibrarianshipAdner, R. (2017). Ecosystem as structure: An actionable construct for strategy. Journal of Management, 43(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316678451Attour, A., & Lazaric, N. (2020). From knowledge to business ecosystems: Emergence of an entrepreneurial activity during knowledge replication. Small Business Economics, 54(2), 575–587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0035-3Avital, M., Bj¨ork, B. C., Boland, R. J., Crowston, K., Lyytinen, K., & Majchrzak, A. (2009). ICIS 2008 panel report: Open access publishing to nurture the sprouts of knowledge and the future of information systems research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 24(1), 509–522. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2536508Ball, D. (2016). Definitions of terms used in Open Science and open access: Introductory | FOSTER. https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/content/definitions-terms-used-openscience- and-open-access-introductory.Becerril García, A., Aguado L´opez, E., Batthy´any, K., Melero, R., Beigel, F., V´elez Cuartas, G., Banzato, G., Rozemblum, C., Amescua García, C., Gallardo, O., & Torres, J. (2018). AmeliCA: A Community-driven Sustainable Framework for Open Knowledge in Latin America and the Global South. Redalyc: Universidad Aut´onoma del Estado de M´exico, CLACSO, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Universidad de Antioquia. http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/90958.Bid. (2014). 4 razones para apostar por Open Knowledge., febrero 6). https://blogs.iadb.or g/conocimiento-abierto/es/4-razones-para-apostar-por-open-knowledge/.Bornmann, L., Schier, H., Marx, W., & Daniel, H.-D. (2011). Is interactive open access publishing able to identify high-impact submissions? A study on the predictive validity of atmospheric chemistry and physics by using percentile rank classes. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21418Cantner, U., Cunningham, J. A., Lehmann, E. E., & Menter, M. (2020). Entrepreneurial ecosystems: A dynamic lifecycle model. Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11187-020-00316-0Chaudhuri, J., & Thohira, M. (2010). Usage of open-access journals: Findings from eleven top science and medical journals. Serials Librarian, 58(1–4), 97–105. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/03615261003623070Clobridge, A. (2014). Open access: Progress, possibilities, and the changing scholarly communications ecosystem. Online, 38(2), 42–52. Colciencias. (2018). Lineamientos para una Política de Ciencia Abierta en Colombia.D´avalos-Sotelo, R. (2015). Una forma de evaluar el impacto de la investigaci´on científica. Madera Bosques, 21, 7–16. https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2015.210422Dawes, S. S., Vidiasova, L., & Parkhimovich, O. (2016). Planning and designing open government data programs: An ecosystem approach. Government Information Quarterly, 33(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.01.003Evans, S., Thompson, H., & Watkins, A. (2011). Discovering open access art history: A comparative study of the indexing of open access art journals. The Serials Librarian, 61(2), 168–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361526X.2011.592666Finch, D. J. (2013). Accessibility, sustainability, excellence: the UK approach to open access. Information Services and Use, 33(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.3233/ISU- 130687Fosci, M., Ficarra, V., Chiarelli, A., & Johnson, R. (2020). Equitable access to research in a changing world: Research4Life landscape and situation analysis. Commonplace. https:// commonplace.knowledgefutures.org/pub/fgm2pqu5/release/1.Frandsen, T. F. (2009). The integration of open access journals in the scholarly communication system: three science fields. Information Processing and Management, 45(1), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2008.06.001Gonz´alez-Videgaray, M., & Hern´andez Zamora, G. (2014). Publicaciones de los investigadores educativos mexicanos en índices con liderazgo mundial. In (pp. 31–49). Perfiles Educativos, XXXVI. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=13230751003.Granstrand, O., & Holgersson, M. (2020). Innovation ecosystems: A conceptual review and a new definition. Technovation, 90–91(November 2019), Article 102098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2019.102098Gunasekaran, S., & Arunachalam, S. (2014). The impact factors of open access and subscription journals across fields. Current Science, 107(3), 380–388. https://doi. org/10.18520/cs/v107/i3/380-388Harnad, S. (2001). The self-archiving initiative. In , Vol. 410, Número 6832. Nature (pp. 1024–1025). Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/35074210.Hassandoust, F., Logeswaran, R., & Farzaneh Kazerouni, M. (2011). Behavioral factors influencing virtual knowledge sharing: theory of reasoned action. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 3(2), 116–134. https://doi.org/10.1108/ 17581181111198665Heaton, S., Siegel, D. S., & Teece, D. J. (2019). Universities and innovation ecosystems: a dynamic capabilities perspective. Industrial and Corporate Change, 28(4), 921–939. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtz038Heimst¨adt, M., Saunderson, F., & Heath, T. (2014). Conceptualizing open data ecosystems: A timeline analysis of open data development in the UK. In Proceedings of the international conference for E-democracy and open government (CeDEM2014) (pp. 1–11).Jain, N., & Singh, M. (2019). The evolving ecosystem of predatory journals: A case study in Indian perspective. In Lecture notes in Computer Science (including subseries lecture notes in artificial intelligence and lecture notes in Bioinformatics) 11853 LNCS (pp. 78–92). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34058-2_9Kaier, C., & Schilhan, L. (2018). Gold open access journals on the institutional repository unipub. VOEB-Mitteilungen, 71(1), 190–198. https://doi.org/10.31263/voebm. v71i1.1975Lawton, A. (2016). Communicating the open access message: a case study from Ireland. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 22(1), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13614533.2015.1127832Linde, P., Wessels, B., Smallwood, R., Price, L., Noorman, M., Wyatt, S., & Sondervan, J. (2015). Feasibility of using existing open access networks to support the harmonization of open access. Seventh Framework Programme. www.oecd.org/dataoecd/9/61/385 00813.pdf.López-L´opez, W. (2019a). Knowledge ecosystem in Latin America: Open access, metrics, paradox and contradictions. Universitas Psychologica, 18(4), 1–3. https://doi.org/ 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy18-4.ecalLopez-López, W. (2019b). Open access to knowledge, a universal right: The implications of the governance of open access ecosystems. Universitas Psychologica, 18(5), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy18-5.acduMadhan, M., & Arunachalam, S. (2011). Use made of open access journals by indian researchers to publish their findings. In , Vol. 100 Número 9. Current science. http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/about/faq?name=impactfactor#jif.Malo de Molina, T., & Boyer, M. (2019). Open Access: a proper management | FOSTER. https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/node/2786.Mangiafico, P., & Smith, K. L. (2014). Reason, risk, and reward: models for libraries and other stakeholders in an evolving scholarly publishing ecosystem. Cultural Anthropology, 29(2), 216–235. https://doi.org/10.14506/ca29.2.03Massoro, Z. Z., & Othman, R. (2017). Antecedents for actual usage intentions of open access journals in agricultural research institutions in Tanzania. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2017(1). https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1460/?utm_sou rce=digitalcommons.unl.edu%2Flibphilprac%2F1460&utm_medium=PDF&utm _campaign=PDFCoverPages.Melero, R. (2014). Relieve: veinte a˜nos inmersos en la cronología del acceso abierto a la ciencia. RELIEVE - E- Journal of Educational Research, Assessment and Evaluation, 20 (2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.7203/relieve.20.2.4300Miguel, S., Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Z., Moya-Aneg´on, F., Chinchilla-Rodriguez, Z., & de Moya-Aneg´on, F. (2011). Open access and scopus: A new approach to scientific visibility from the standpoint of access. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(6), 1130–1145. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21532Moore, S. (2019). Revisiting ‘the 1990s debutante’: scholar-led publishing and the pre-history of the open access movement | hc:24075 | Humanities CORE. https://doi.org/ 10.17613/gty2-w177Morais, L. P., & Bacic, M. J. (2020). Social and solidarity economy and the need for its entrepreneuring ecosystem: Current challenges in Brazil. CIRIEC-Espana Revista de Economia Publica, Social y Cooperativa, 98, 5–30. https://doi.org/10.7203/CIRIECE. 98.14138Morales Martínez, Y. M., & Dutr´enit Bielous, G. (2017). El movimiento maker y los procesos de generaci´on, transferencia y uso del conocimiento. Entreciencias: Di´alogos en la Sociedad del Conocimiento, 5(15). https://doi.org/10.22201/ enesl.20078064e.2017.15.62588Morante, L. F. M. (2016). Visibilidad e impacto de las revistas peruanas de ciencias sociales en acceso abierto. Biblios, 65(65), 29–51. https://doi.org/10.5195/ biblios.2016.320Moreira, J. M., Laranjeira, C., Carvalho, J., Ribeiro, F., Lopes, P., & Graça, P. (2017). Integrating a national network of institutional repositories into the National/ international research management ecosystem. Procedia Computer Science, 106(June 2016), 146–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.03.010Nordling, N. (2019). Public policy’s role and capability in fostering the emergence and evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystems: a case of ecosystem-based policy in Finland. Local Economy, 34(8), 807–824. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0269094219896260Okada, M. (2018). Polarization in the future journal publishing ecosystem: Selective subscription journals and open access mega-journals. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics, 6(3), 96. https://doi.org/10.22381/JSME6320183Open Knowledge Foundation. (2017). What is open?. https://okfn.org/opendata/.Ordu˜na-Malea, E., & Delgado L´opez-C´ozar, E. (2015). The dark side of open access in google and google scholar: the case of latin-american repositories. Scientometrics, 102 (1), 829–846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1369-5Osorio-Sanabria, M. A., Gonz´alez-Zabala, M. P., & Amaya-Fern´andez, F. O. (2020). Explorando los componentes de los ecosistemas de datos abiertos: un estudio de mapeo sistem´atico.Osorio-Sanabria, M. A., Barreto, P. L., Alcantara-Concepcion, T., & Jaime, A. (2021a). Open access research trends in higher education: A literature revie. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 6(5), 1–13.Osorio-Sanabria, M. A., & Jaime, A. (2021b). In M. A. Osorio-Sanabria, A. Jaime, & F. O. Amaya-Fern´andez (Eds.), Roles and Relationships Among the Actors in the Open Access Ecosystem.Outsell. (2019). Scientific publishing ecosystem. https://www.outsellinc.com/the-scienti fic-publishing-ecosystem/.Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hr´objartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. In , Vol. 372. The BMJ. BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.Phillips, M. A., & Ritala, P. (2019). A complex adaptive systems agenda for ecosystem research methodology. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 148(September), Article 119739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119739Pinfield, S., Wakeling, S., Bawden, D., & Robinson, L. (2020). Open access in theory and practice. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429276842Poorna, L., Moghul, M., & Arunachalam, H. (2012). A study of select open access journals and their business models listed in DOAJ in the fields of civil and structural engineering. Journal of Structural Engineering, 39(4), 458–468.Radicic, D., Pugh, G., & Douglas, D. (2020). Promoting cooperation in innovation ecosystems: evidence from european traditional manufacturing SMEs. Small Business Economics, 54(1), 257–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0088-3Redalyc. (2018). Declaraci´on de M´exico a favor del ecosistema latinoamericano de acceso abierto no comercial. Andes. 29(1).Reggi, L., & Dawes, S. (2016). Open government data ecosystems: Linking transparency for innovation with transparency for participation and accountability. In C. Springer (Ed.), Lecture notes in Computer Science (including subseries lecture notes in artificial intelligence and lecture notes in Bioinformatics) (pp. 74–86). Springer Verlag. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44421-5_6.Sahoo, J., Mohanty, B., Priyadarshini, L., & Sahoo, L. P. (2017). Indian contribution to open access scholarly publishing in DOAJ. Library Philosophy and Practice, 6–26. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1567.Styrin, E., Luna-Reyes, L. F., & Harrison, T. M. (2017). Open data ecosystems: an international comparison. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 11(1), 132–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-01-2017-0006Subbiah, S. (2018). Contribution to open access repository by the Tamil Nadu State Universities in India: A case study of Shodhganga. Library Philosophy and Practice (ejournal), 1766, 1–16. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1766.Suber, P. (2012). Open access. MIT Press.Sveinsdottir, T., Wessels, B. A., Smallwood, R., Linde, P., Kala, V., Tsoukala, V., & Sondervan, J. (2014). Policy recommendations for open access to research data in Europe – stakeholder values and ecosystems. Information Services & Use, 34(3–4), 331–333. https://doi.org/10.3233/ISU-140756Teixeira, J. (2015). On the openness of digital platforms/ecosystems. In Proceedings of the 11th international symposium on open collaboration - OpenSym '15 (pp. 1–4). https:// doi.org/10.1145/2788993.2789829Togia, A., & Korobili, S. (2014). Attitudes towards open access: A meta-synthesis of the empirical literature. Information Services and Use, 34(3–4), 221–231. https://doi.org/ 10.3233/ISU-140742Tsoukala, V., & Sachini, E. (2013). MedOANet: Facilitating coordinated open access policies and strategies in Mediterranean Europe. In Uma Decada de Acesso Aberto na UMinho e no Mundo (pp. 79–92). http://hdl.handle.net/10442/13731.Valle, U., Valle, U., Palacios, M., & Cali, V. (2016). Como organizar la informaci´on de ciencia y tecnología en Latinoam´erica? [How to organize science and technology information in Latin America?].van Oudenhoven, A. P. E., Schr¨oter, M., & de Groot, R. (2016). Open access to science on ecosystem services and biodiversity. In , Vol. 12, Número 4. International journal of biodiversity science, ecosystem services and management (pp. 239–241). Taylor and Francis Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2016.1229837.van Schalkwyk, F., Willmers, M., & McNaughton, M. (2016). Viscous open data: The roles of intermediaries in an open data ecosystem. Information Technology for Development, 22(sup1), 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2015.1081868Wesolek, A. (2014). Bridging the gap between digital measures and digital commons in support of open access: Or, how I learned to stop worrying and love human mediation. Collection Management, 39(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01462679.2014.860856Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M., & Davis, C. (2014). Innovation with open data: Essential elements of open data ecosystems. Information Polity, 19(1–2), 17–33. https://doi. org/10.3233/IP-140329Acceso abiertoEcosistemaRevisión de literaturaComunicación academicaOpen accessEcosystemLiterature reviewScholarly CommunicationMapping the open access ecosystemArtículos Científicosinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleAtribución – No comercial – Sin Derivarinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbPublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/2a5d53be-edb9-4623-8077-779261e682c4/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD5120.500.12494/49037oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/490372024-09-23 10:38:59.301metadata.onlyhttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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