Knowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategy

Dental trauma in school populations has a high frequency and school teachers are often close to the place where such injuries occur. However, many studies have confirmed the lack of knowledge as to how to act in these cases. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge in regard to dental tr...

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Autores:
Marcano Caldera, Maytté
Mejía Cardona, Jose Luis
Parra Sánchez, José Hernán
Méndez de la Espriella, Catalina
Covo Morales, Eduardo
Sierra Varón, Gustavo
Gómez Díaz, Martha
Fortich Mesa, Natalia
Escobar Villegas, Paola
Bermúdez Reyes, Patricia
Rodríguez Sánchez, Patricia
Mejia Fernández, Pedro
Gómez Scarpetta, Ruth Ángela
Bernal Alfaro, Vanessa
Cifuentes Aguirre, Olga Lucia
López Soto, Olga Patricia
Sigurdsson, Asgeir
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
Idioma:
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/17136
Acceso en línea:
https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12393
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/17136
Palabra clave:
Odontología
Dental trauma
Conocimiento
Gestión de emergencias
Educación
Dental trauma
knowledge
Emergency management
School teachers
Education
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
id COOPER2_82600746ce281e01fa82d8c9f12bfca7
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/17136
network_acronym_str COOPER2
network_name_str Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Knowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategy
title Knowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategy
spellingShingle Knowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategy
Odontología
Dental trauma
Conocimiento
Gestión de emergencias
Educación
Dental trauma
knowledge
Emergency management
School teachers
Education
title_short Knowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategy
title_full Knowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategy
title_fullStr Knowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategy
title_full_unstemmed Knowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategy
title_sort Knowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategy
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Marcano Caldera, Maytté
Mejía Cardona, Jose Luis
Parra Sánchez, José Hernán
Méndez de la Espriella, Catalina
Covo Morales, Eduardo
Sierra Varón, Gustavo
Gómez Díaz, Martha
Fortich Mesa, Natalia
Escobar Villegas, Paola
Bermúdez Reyes, Patricia
Rodríguez Sánchez, Patricia
Mejia Fernández, Pedro
Gómez Scarpetta, Ruth Ángela
Bernal Alfaro, Vanessa
Cifuentes Aguirre, Olga Lucia
López Soto, Olga Patricia
Sigurdsson, Asgeir
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Marcano Caldera, Maytté
Mejía Cardona, Jose Luis
Parra Sánchez, José Hernán
Méndez de la Espriella, Catalina
Covo Morales, Eduardo
Sierra Varón, Gustavo
Gómez Díaz, Martha
Fortich Mesa, Natalia
Escobar Villegas, Paola
Bermúdez Reyes, Patricia
Rodríguez Sánchez, Patricia
Mejia Fernández, Pedro
Gómez Scarpetta, Ruth Ángela
Bernal Alfaro, Vanessa
Cifuentes Aguirre, Olga Lucia
López Soto, Olga Patricia
Sigurdsson, Asgeir
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Odontología
Dental trauma
Conocimiento
Gestión de emergencias
Educación
topic Odontología
Dental trauma
Conocimiento
Gestión de emergencias
Educación
Dental trauma
knowledge
Emergency management
School teachers
Education
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv Dental trauma
knowledge
Emergency management
School teachers
Education
description Dental trauma in school populations has a high frequency and school teachers are often close to the place where such injuries occur. However, many studies have confirmed the lack of knowledge as to how to act in these cases. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge in regard to dental trauma of school teachers in Colombia.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-03-11T18:14:59Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-03-11T18:14:59Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020-02-14
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
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dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1600-9657
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12393
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/17136
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv Marcano-Caldera, M., Mejía-Cardona, J. L., Parra Sanchez, J. H., Méndez de la Espriella, C., Covo Morales, E., Sierra Varón, G., … Sigurdsson, A. (2018). Knowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategy. Dental Traumatology, 34(3), 164–174. doi:10.1111/edt.12393
identifier_str_mv 1600-9657
Marcano-Caldera, M., Mejía-Cardona, J. L., Parra Sanchez, J. H., Méndez de la Espriella, C., Covo Morales, E., Sierra Varón, G., … Sigurdsson, A. (2018). Knowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategy. Dental Traumatology, 34(3), 164–174. doi:10.1111/edt.12393
url https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12393
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/17136
dc.relation.isversionof.spa.fl_str_mv https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/edt.12393
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Dental Traumatology
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1- Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Day P, Heithersay G, Trope M, Diangelis AJ et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:88–96.
2- Diangelis AJ, Andreasen JO, Ebeleseder KA, Kenny DJ, Trope M, Sigurdsson A et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:2–12.
3- Bakland L. Endodontic considerations in the management of traumatic dental injuries. Endodontics Colleagues for Excellence. American Association of Endodontics. 2006;1–5.
4- Cardona JL, Caldera MM, Vera J. Autotransplantation of a premolar: a longterm follow-up report of a clinical case. J Endod. 2012;38:1149–1152.
5- Andreasen JO, Ödman J, Hämmerle C, Buser D, von Arx T, Jensen J et al. Implants in the anterior region. IN: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, eds. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. 4th Edn. Ames: Blackwell Munksgaard. 2007;761–790.
6- Zachrisson BU, Toreskog S. Esthetic considerations in restoring the traumatized dentition: a biological approach. IN: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, eds. Text Book and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. 4th Edn. Ames: Blackwell Munksgaard. 2007;798–812.
7- Hasan AA, Qudeimat MA, Andersson L. Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in preschool children in Kuwait – a screening study. Dent Traumatol. 2010;26:346–350.
8- Levin L, Zadik Y. Education on and prevention of dental trauma: it’s time to act. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:49–54.
9- Ministerio de Salud Colombia. Cuarto Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal, ENSAB IV.Bogotá: Ministerio de Salud. República de Colombia. 2014.
10- Livny A, Sgan-Cohen HD, Junadi S, Marcenes W. Traumatic dental injuries and related factors among sixth grade schoolchildren in four Palestinian towns. Dent Traumatol. 2010;26:422–6.
11- Zadik Y, Levin L. Oral and facial trauma among paratroopers in the Israel Defence Forces. Dent Traumatol. 2009;25:100–2.
12- Qazi SR, Nasir KS. First-aid knowledge about tooth avulsion among dentists, doctors and lay people. Dent Traumatol. 2009;25:295–299.
13- Lin S, Levin L, Emodi O, Fuss Z, Peled M. Physician and emergency medical technicians’ knowledge and experience regarding dental trauma. Dent Traumatol. 2006;22:124–126.
14- Jarvinen S. Fractured and avulsed permanent incisors in Finnish children. A retrospective study. Acta Odontol Scand. 1979;37:47–50.
15- Love RM, Ponnambalam Y. Dental and maxillofacial skeletal injuries seen at the University of Otago School of Dentistry, New Zealand 2000–2004. Dent Traumatol. 2008;24:170–176.
16- Bastone EB, Freer TJ, McNamara JR. Epidemiology of dental trauma: a review of the literature. Aust Dent J. 2000;45:2–9.
17- Arikan V, Sönmez H. Knowledge level of primary school teachers regarding traumatic dental injuries and their emergency management before and after receiving an informative leaflet. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:101–107.
18- Tzigkounakis V, Merglov V. Attitude of Pilsen primary school teachers in dental traumas. Dent Traumatol. 2008;24:528–531.
19- Vieira Frujeri ML, Dias Costa E. Effect of a single dental health education on the management of permanent avulsed teeth by different groups of professionals. Dent Traumatol. 2009;25:262–271
20- McIntyre JD, Lee JY, Trope M, Vann Jr WF. Elementary school staff knowledge about dental injures Dent Traumatol. 2008;24:289–98.
21- Raoof M, Zaherara F, Shokouhinejad N, Mohammadalizadeh S. Elementary school staff knowledge and attitude with regard to first-aid management of dental trauma in Iran: a basic premise for developing future intervention. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:441–447.
22- Wong FSL, Kolokotsa K. The cost of treating children and adolescents with injuries to their permanent incisors at a dental hospital in the United Kingdom. Dent Traumatol. 2004;20:327–333.
23- Antunes LAA, Silva Rodrigues A, do Couto Martins AM, Seixas Cardoso E, Homsi N, Santos Antunes L. Traumatic dental injury in permanent teeth: knowledge and management in a group of Brazilian school teachers. Dent Traumatol. 2015;32:269–273.
24- de Lima Ludgero A, de Santana Santos T, Fernandes AV, de Melo DG, Peixoto AC, da Costa Araújo FA, et al. Knowledge regarding emergency management of avulsed teeth among elementary school teachers in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil. Indian J Dent Res. 2012;23:585–590.
25- Tzigkounakis V, Merglova V. Attitude of Pilsen primary school teachers in dental trauma. Dent Traumatol. 2008;24:528–531.
26- Vergotine RJ, Govoni R. Public school educator’s knowledge of initial management of dental trauma Dent Traumatol. 2010;26:133–136.
27- Addo ME, Parekh S, Moles DR, Roberts GJ. Knowledge of dental trauma first aid (DTFA): the example of avulsed incisors in casualty departments and schools in London. Brit Dent J. 2007;202:1–6.
28- Olatosi OO, Iwuala SO, Isiekwe GI, Oredugba FA, Adenaike AS, Oluwo AO. Knowledge and attitude of some Nigerian school teachers on the emergency management of avulsed permanent incisor. J West Afr Coll Surg. 2013;3:30– 52.
29- Hashim R. Dental trauma management awareness among primary school teachers in the Emirate of Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Eur J Paed Dent. 2011;12:99–102.
30- Shamarao S, Jain J, Ajagannanavar SL, Haridas R, Tikare S, Kalappa AA. Knowledge and attitude regarding management of tooth avulsion injuries among school teachers in rural India. J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent. 2014;4:44–8.
31- Young C, Wong KY, Cheung LK. Emergency management of dental trauma: knowledge of Hong Kong primary and secondary school teachers. Hong Kong Med J. 2012;18:362–370.
32- Kane AW, Babacar T, Moustapha D, Malick M, Mouhamed S, Yves B. Attitude and knowledge of primary school teachers of initial management of dental trauma. J Oral Health Res. 2011;2:51–54.
33- Touré B, Léye Benoist F, Faye B, Kane AW, Kaadioui S. Primary school teachers’ knowledge regarding emergency management of avulsed permanent incisors. J Dent. 2011;8:117–122.
34- Andreasen JO, Vinding TR, Ahrensburg Christensen SS. Predictors for healing complications in the permanent dentition after dental trauma. Endod Topics. 2006;14:20–27.
35- Bakland LK, Andreasen JO. Biological considerations in the management of traumatic dental injuries. Endod Topics. 2014;30:44–50.
36- Mori GG, Turcio KHL, Borro VPB, Mariusso, AM. Evaluation of the knowledge of tooth avulsion of school professionals from Adamantina Brazil. Dent Traumatol. 2007;23:2–5.
37- Junges R, Celeste RK, Pizzatto LN, dos Santos Gatti F, Abegg C, Werner Samuel SM. Elementary schoolteachers’ knowledge and decision-making regarding dental trauma. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2015;13:357–364.
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dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 164-174
dc.coverage.temporal.spa.fl_str_mv 34 Issue 3
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Odontología, Villavicencio
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Odontología
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Villavicencio
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spelling Marcano Caldera, MayttéMejía Cardona, Jose LuisParra Sánchez, José HernánMéndez de la Espriella, CatalinaCovo Morales, EduardoSierra Varón, GustavoGómez Díaz, MarthaFortich Mesa, NataliaEscobar Villegas, PaolaBermúdez Reyes, PatriciaRodríguez Sánchez, PatriciaMejia Fernández, PedroGómez Scarpetta, Ruth ÁngelaBernal Alfaro, VanessaCifuentes Aguirre, Olga LuciaLópez Soto, Olga PatriciaSigurdsson, Asgeir34 Issue 32020-03-11T18:14:59Z2020-03-11T18:14:59Z2020-02-141600-9657https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12393https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/17136Marcano-Caldera, M., Mejía-Cardona, J. L., Parra Sanchez, J. H., Méndez de la Espriella, C., Covo Morales, E., Sierra Varón, G., … Sigurdsson, A. (2018). Knowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategy. Dental Traumatology, 34(3), 164–174. doi:10.1111/edt.12393Dental trauma in school populations has a high frequency and school teachers are often close to the place where such injuries occur. However, many studies have confirmed the lack of knowledge as to how to act in these cases. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge in regard to dental trauma of school teachers in Colombia.http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001075101mayttemc@gmail.comruth.gomez@campusucc.edu.co164-174Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Odontología, VillavicencioOdontologíaVillavicenciohttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/edt.12393Dental Traumatology1- Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Day P, Heithersay G, Trope M, Diangelis AJ et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:88–96.2- Diangelis AJ, Andreasen JO, Ebeleseder KA, Kenny DJ, Trope M, Sigurdsson A et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:2–12.3- Bakland L. Endodontic considerations in the management of traumatic dental injuries. Endodontics Colleagues for Excellence. American Association of Endodontics. 2006;1–5.4- Cardona JL, Caldera MM, Vera J. Autotransplantation of a premolar: a longterm follow-up report of a clinical case. J Endod. 2012;38:1149–1152.5- Andreasen JO, Ödman J, Hämmerle C, Buser D, von Arx T, Jensen J et al. Implants in the anterior region. IN: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, eds. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. 4th Edn. Ames: Blackwell Munksgaard. 2007;761–790.6- Zachrisson BU, Toreskog S. Esthetic considerations in restoring the traumatized dentition: a biological approach. IN: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, eds. Text Book and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. 4th Edn. Ames: Blackwell Munksgaard. 2007;798–812.7- Hasan AA, Qudeimat MA, Andersson L. Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in preschool children in Kuwait – a screening study. Dent Traumatol. 2010;26:346–350.8- Levin L, Zadik Y. Education on and prevention of dental trauma: it’s time to act. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:49–54.9- Ministerio de Salud Colombia. Cuarto Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal, ENSAB IV.Bogotá: Ministerio de Salud. República de Colombia. 2014.10- Livny A, Sgan-Cohen HD, Junadi S, Marcenes W. Traumatic dental injuries and related factors among sixth grade schoolchildren in four Palestinian towns. Dent Traumatol. 2010;26:422–6.11- Zadik Y, Levin L. Oral and facial trauma among paratroopers in the Israel Defence Forces. Dent Traumatol. 2009;25:100–2.12- Qazi SR, Nasir KS. First-aid knowledge about tooth avulsion among dentists, doctors and lay people. Dent Traumatol. 2009;25:295–299.13- Lin S, Levin L, Emodi O, Fuss Z, Peled M. Physician and emergency medical technicians’ knowledge and experience regarding dental trauma. Dent Traumatol. 2006;22:124–126.14- Jarvinen S. Fractured and avulsed permanent incisors in Finnish children. A retrospective study. Acta Odontol Scand. 1979;37:47–50.15- Love RM, Ponnambalam Y. Dental and maxillofacial skeletal injuries seen at the University of Otago School of Dentistry, New Zealand 2000–2004. Dent Traumatol. 2008;24:170–176.16- Bastone EB, Freer TJ, McNamara JR. Epidemiology of dental trauma: a review of the literature. Aust Dent J. 2000;45:2–9.17- Arikan V, Sönmez H. Knowledge level of primary school teachers regarding traumatic dental injuries and their emergency management before and after receiving an informative leaflet. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:101–107.18- Tzigkounakis V, Merglov V. Attitude of Pilsen primary school teachers in dental traumas. Dent Traumatol. 2008;24:528–531.19- Vieira Frujeri ML, Dias Costa E. Effect of a single dental health education on the management of permanent avulsed teeth by different groups of professionals. Dent Traumatol. 2009;25:262–27120- McIntyre JD, Lee JY, Trope M, Vann Jr WF. Elementary school staff knowledge about dental injures Dent Traumatol. 2008;24:289–98.21- Raoof M, Zaherara F, Shokouhinejad N, Mohammadalizadeh S. Elementary school staff knowledge and attitude with regard to first-aid management of dental trauma in Iran: a basic premise for developing future intervention. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:441–447.22- Wong FSL, Kolokotsa K. The cost of treating children and adolescents with injuries to their permanent incisors at a dental hospital in the United Kingdom. Dent Traumatol. 2004;20:327–333.23- Antunes LAA, Silva Rodrigues A, do Couto Martins AM, Seixas Cardoso E, Homsi N, Santos Antunes L. Traumatic dental injury in permanent teeth: knowledge and management in a group of Brazilian school teachers. Dent Traumatol. 2015;32:269–273.24- de Lima Ludgero A, de Santana Santos T, Fernandes AV, de Melo DG, Peixoto AC, da Costa Araújo FA, et al. Knowledge regarding emergency management of avulsed teeth among elementary school teachers in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil. Indian J Dent Res. 2012;23:585–590.25- Tzigkounakis V, Merglova V. Attitude of Pilsen primary school teachers in dental trauma. Dent Traumatol. 2008;24:528–531.26- Vergotine RJ, Govoni R. Public school educator’s knowledge of initial management of dental trauma Dent Traumatol. 2010;26:133–136.27- Addo ME, Parekh S, Moles DR, Roberts GJ. Knowledge of dental trauma first aid (DTFA): the example of avulsed incisors in casualty departments and schools in London. Brit Dent J. 2007;202:1–6.28- Olatosi OO, Iwuala SO, Isiekwe GI, Oredugba FA, Adenaike AS, Oluwo AO. Knowledge and attitude of some Nigerian school teachers on the emergency management of avulsed permanent incisor. J West Afr Coll Surg. 2013;3:30– 52.29- Hashim R. Dental trauma management awareness among primary school teachers in the Emirate of Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Eur J Paed Dent. 2011;12:99–102.30- Shamarao S, Jain J, Ajagannanavar SL, Haridas R, Tikare S, Kalappa AA. Knowledge and attitude regarding management of tooth avulsion injuries among school teachers in rural India. J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent. 2014;4:44–8.31- Young C, Wong KY, Cheung LK. Emergency management of dental trauma: knowledge of Hong Kong primary and secondary school teachers. Hong Kong Med J. 2012;18:362–370.32- Kane AW, Babacar T, Moustapha D, Malick M, Mouhamed S, Yves B. Attitude and knowledge of primary school teachers of initial management of dental trauma. J Oral Health Res. 2011;2:51–54.33- Touré B, Léye Benoist F, Faye B, Kane AW, Kaadioui S. Primary school teachers’ knowledge regarding emergency management of avulsed permanent incisors. J Dent. 2011;8:117–122.34- Andreasen JO, Vinding TR, Ahrensburg Christensen SS. Predictors for healing complications in the permanent dentition after dental trauma. Endod Topics. 2006;14:20–27.35- Bakland LK, Andreasen JO. Biological considerations in the management of traumatic dental injuries. Endod Topics. 2014;30:44–50.36- Mori GG, Turcio KHL, Borro VPB, Mariusso, AM. Evaluation of the knowledge of tooth avulsion of school professionals from Adamantina Brazil. Dent Traumatol. 2007;23:2–5.37- Junges R, Celeste RK, Pizzatto LN, dos Santos Gatti F, Abegg C, Werner Samuel SM. Elementary schoolteachers’ knowledge and decision-making regarding dental trauma. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2015;13:357–364.OdontologíaDental traumaConocimientoGestión de emergenciasEducaciónDental traumaknowledgeEmergency managementSchool teachersEducationKnowledge about emergency dental trauma management among school teachers in Colombia: A baseline study to develop an education strategyArtículohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAtribución – No comercial – Sin Derivarinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2PublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4b3263c5-b614-4e3e-aae0-c8c7fe46e5fc/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD5220.500.12494/17136oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/171362024-08-10 22:43:39.872metadata.onlyhttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de 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