Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los efectos de la inclusión en el alimento de sustancias húmicas (HS) y/o carbonato de calcio (CaCO3) sobre el rendimiento y el bienestar de las gallinas ponedoras. Se asignó aleatoriamente un número total de 144 gallinas ponedoras Hy-Line Brown (55 semanas...

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Autores:: Sanmiguel Plazas, Rosa Angélica
Dedousi, Anna
López , Juan David
Sierra, Daniel Andrey
Sossidou, Evangelia Nikolaus

Tipo de recurso:: Article of investigation

Fecha de publicación:: 2023

Institución:: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

Repositorio:: Repositorio UCC

Idioma:

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network_acronym_str	COOPER2
network_name_str	Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens
title	Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens
spellingShingle	Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens Cáscara de huevo Balance simpatovgal Aditivo alimenticio Egg shell Sympathovagal balance Feed additive
title_short	Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens
title_full	Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens
title_fullStr	Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens
title_sort	Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Sanmiguel Plazas, Rosa Angélica Dedousi, Anna López , Juan David Sierra, Daniel Andrey Sossidou, Evangelia Nikolaus
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Sanmiguel Plazas, Rosa Angélica Dedousi, Anna López , Juan David Sierra, Daniel Andrey Sossidou, Evangelia Nikolaus
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Cáscara de huevo Balance simpatovgal Aditivo alimenticio
topic	Cáscara de huevo Balance simpatovgal Aditivo alimenticio Egg shell Sympathovagal balance Feed additive
dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv	Egg shell Sympathovagal balance Feed additive
description	Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los efectos de la inclusión en el alimento de sustancias húmicas (HS) y/o carbonato de calcio (CaCO3) sobre el rendimiento y el bienestar de las gallinas ponedoras. Se asignó aleatoriamente un número total de 144 gallinas ponedoras Hy-Line Brown (55 semanas de edad) a cuatro tratamientos, T1–T4 (36 aves por tratamiento). Las gallinas T1 se alimentaron con una dieta de control sin HS ni CaCO3, las gallinas T2 se alimentaron con la dieta de control + 2,00 g por ave por día CaCO3, las gallinas T3 se alimentaron con la dieta de control + 0,20% de HS y las gallinas T4 se alimentaron con la dieta de control. dieta + 0,20% HS + 2,00 g/ave/día CaCO3. El experimento comenzó después de 15 días de adaptación y duró 8 semanas. Los parámetros evaluados fueron porcentaje de producción de huevo gallina-día, consumo de alimento, mortalidad, parámetros de calidad del huevo y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (indicador de bienestar). Las gallinas del grupo T3 mostraron un consumo de alimento significativamente menor que las de los otros tres grupos, sin embargo, se registró una producción diaria de huevos significativamente mayor en los grupos T3 y T4 en comparación con T1 y T2. Las características de calidad de la cáscara del huevo mejoraron significativamente con la suplementación con HS y los huevos puestos por las gallinas en los grupos T1 y T4 presentaron una yema y un color de la cáscara más pálidos que los de los otros grupos. En conclusión, estos resultados indicaron que la inclusión de HS en el alimento tuvo un efecto beneficioso sobre el rendimiento productivo de las gallinas ponedoras, incluida la producción de huevos y la calidad de la cáscara.
publishDate	2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2023-03-28T20:36:55Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2023-03-28T20:36:55Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2023-03-28
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Artículos Científicos
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dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv	2322-3618
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	10.30466/vrf.2022.533902.3210 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/49051
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.none.fl_str_mv	Sanmiguel Plazas, R. A., Dedousi, A., López, J. D., Sierra, D. A. y Sossidou, E. N. (2023). Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens. [Articulo, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. 2022; 13(4): 461-467. doi: 10.30466/vrf.2022.533902.3210
identifier_str_mv	2322-3618 10.30466/vrf.2022.533902.3210 Sanmiguel Plazas, R. A., Dedousi, A., López, J. D., Sierra, D. A. y Sossidou, E. N. (2023). Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens. [Articulo, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. 2022; 13(4): 461-467. doi: 10.30466/vrf.2022.533902.3210
url	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/49051
dc.relation.isversionof.none.fl_str_mv	http://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_254666.html
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv	Veterinary Research Forum
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv	Avci M, Denek N, Kaplan O. Effects of humic acid at different levels on growth performance, carcass yields and some biochemical parameters of quails. J Anim Vet Adv 2007; 6(1): 1-4. Yörük MA, Gül M, Hayirli A, et al. The effects of supplementation of humate and probiotic on egg production and quality parameters during the late laying period in hens. Poult Sci 2004; 83(1): 84-88. Kucukersan S, Kucukersan K, Colpan I, et al. The effects of humic acid on egg production and egg traits of laying hen. Vet Med-Czech 2005; 50(9): 406-410. Macit M, Çelebi Ş, Esenbuga N, et al. Effects of dietary humate supplementation on performance, egg quality and egg yolk fatty acid composition in layers. J Sci Food Agric 2009; 89(2): 315-319. Papatsiros V, Katsoulos PD, Koutoulis K, et al. Alternatives to antibiotics for farm animals. CAB Rev:Perspect Agric Vet Sci Nutr Nat Resour 2013; 8(32): doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR20138032. Vlcová Z. Chemical and physical transformations of humic acids. PhD Thesis. Institute of Physical and Applied Chemistry. BRNO University of Technology. Brno, Czechia 2009. Islam KM, Schuhmacher A, Gropp JM. Humic acid substances in animal agriculture. Pak J Nutr 2005; 4(3): 126-134. Sanmiguel-Plazas RA, Aguirre Pedreros WJ, Rondón Barragán IS. Perspectives on the use of humic substances in poultry production. [Spanish]. Ces Med Vet Zootec 2014; 9(1): 104-113. Sanmiguel RA, Rondon IS. Supplementation with humic substances affects the innate immunity in layer hens in posfasting phase. Rev MVZ Córdoba 2016; 21(1): 5198-5210. Disetlhe AR, Marume U, Mlambo V, et al. Humic acid and enzymes in canola-based broiler diets: Effects on bone development, intestinal histomorphology and immune development. S Afr J Anim Sci 2017; 47(6): 914-922. Arif M, Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, et al. Humic acid as a feed additive in poultry diets: a review. Iran J Vet Res 2019; 20(3): 167-172. Ergin O, Isa C, Nuh O, et al. Effects of dietary humic substances on egg production and egg shell quality of hens after peak laying period. Afr J Biotechnol 2009; 8(6): 1155-1159. Nys Y. Nutritional factors affecting eggshell quality. Czech J Anim Sci 1999; 44(3): 135-143. Bain MM. Recent advances in the assessment of eggshell quality and their future applications. Worlds Poult Sci J 2005; 61(2): 268-276. Arafat RY, Hassan Khan S, Abbas G, et al. Effect of dietary humic acid via drinking water on the performance and egg quality of commercial layers. Am J Biol Life Sci 2015; 3(2): 26-30. Ahmadi F, Rahimi F. Factors affecting quality and quantity of egg production in laying hens: A Review. World Appl Sci J 2011; 12(3): 372-384. Feng Y, Yang XJ, Wang YB, et al. Effects of immune stress on performance parameters, intestinal enzyme activity and mRNA expression of intestinal transporters in broiler chickens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25(5): 701-707. Sordillo LM, Aitken SL. Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 128(1-3): 104-109. Broom DM. Welfare in relations to feelings, stress and health. Rev Electrón Vet 2007; 8(12B): 1695-1704. Pistová V, Arpášová, H, Hrnčar C, et al. The effect of the humic acid and herbal additive supplement on production parameters of broiler chicken. Sci P Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 49(2): 166-169. Pistová V, Arpášová H, Hrnčar C. The effect of the humic acid and garlic (Allium sativum L.) on performance parameters and carcass characteristic of broiler chicken. J Cent Eur Agric 2016; 17(4): 1168-1178. von Borell E, Langbein J, Després G, et al. Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in farm animals - a review. Physiol Behav 2007; 92(3): 293-316. Nutri-Humic. Technical data sheet. Code 963. 2018. Available at: https://www.pba.com.co/Productos/ Accessed Oct 08, 2022. Sanmiguel-Plazas RA, Mejía-Rojas GR, Lozano-Covaleda LM, et al. Evaluation of different calcium grain sizes in laying hens diet. [Spanish]). Ciencia Agricultura 2016; 13(2): 67-72. Hy-Line. Brown Commercial layers-Australia. Manage-ment guide (2018); available at: https://www.hyline. com/ filesimages/ BrownAccessed Oct 08, 2022. Yalcin S, Ergun A, Ozsoy B, et al. The effects of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine and humic substances on performance, egg traits and blood parameters in laying hens. Asian- australas J Anim Sci 2006; 19(10): 1478-1483. 27. Hanafy M, El-Sheikh AMH. The effect of dietry humic acid supplementation on some productive and physiological traits of laying hens. Egypt Poult Sci 2008; 28: 1043-1058. Abo-EglaES, EL-Samra H, Ismail FS, et al. Effect of humic acid and BIO-MOS supplementation on egg production and quality parameters in local hens. J Anim Poult Prod 2011; 2(4): 55-63. Hakan KB, Gultekin Y, Ozge S. Effects of boric acid and humate supplementation on performance and egg quality parameters of laying hens. Braz J Poult Sci 2012; 14(4): 283-289. Sanmiguel Plazas RA, Rondón I. Supplementation with humic substances in laying hens during molt. [Spanish]. CES Med Vet Zootec 2014; 9(2): 169-178. Arpášová H, Kacaniová M, Pistová V, et al. Effect of probiotics and humic acid on egg production and quality parameters of laying hens eggs [Abstract]. Sci Pap Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 49(2): 1-9. Wang Q, Yoo JS, Chen YJ, et al. Effects of supplemental humic substances on egg production and quality in laying hens. Korean J Poult Sci 2006; 33(4): 317-321. Sopoliga IA, Hreško-Šamudovská A, Demeterová M, et al. Effect of humic substances on the production parameters of pheasant hens. Acta Fytotechn Zootech 2016; 19(1): 11-14. Hayirli A, Esenbuğa N, Macit M, et al. Nutrition practice to alleviate the adverse effects of stress on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in peak producing hen: II. The probiotic supplementation. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 2005; 18(12): 1752-1760. Monira KN, Salahuddin M, Miah G. Effect of breed and holding period on egg quality characteristics of chicken. Int J Poult Sci 2003; 2(4): 261-263 Świątkiewicz S, Arczewska-Włosek A, Krawczyk J, et al. Effects on performance and eggshell quality of particle size of calcium sources in laying hens' diets with different Ca concentrations. Arch Anim Breed 2015; 58(2): 301-307. Goger H, Demirtas SE, Yurtogullari S. A selection study for improving eggshell colour in two parent lines of laying hens and their hybrids. Ital J Animal Sci 2016; 15(3): 390-395. Butcher GD, Miles R. Factors causing poor pigmentation of brown shelled eggs. University of Florida 2003. Available at: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ pdffiles/VM/VM04700.pdf. Accessed Oct 08, 2022. Lang MR, Wells JW. A review of eggshell pigmentation. Worlds Poult Sci J 1987; 43(3): 238-246. Odabaşi AZ, Miles RD, Balaban MO, et al. Changes in brown eggshell color as the hen ages. Poult Sci 2007; 86(2): 356-363. Kjaer JB, Jørgensen H. Heart rate variability in domestic chicken lines genetically selected on feather pecking behavior. Genes Brain Behav 2011; 10(7): 747–755. Müller MS, Vyssotski AL, Yamamoto M, et al. Heart rate variability reveals that a decrease in parasympathetic (‘rest-and-digest’) activity dominates autonomic stress responses in a free-living seabird. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 212: 117-126. Rath NC, Huff WE, Huff GR. Effects of humic acid on broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2006; 85(3): 410-414.
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spelling	Sanmiguel Plazas, Rosa AngélicaDedousi, AnnaLópez , Juan DavidSierra, Daniel AndreySossidou, Evangelia Nikolaus13 (4)2023-03-28T20:36:55Z2023-03-28T20:36:55Z2023-03-282322-361810.30466/vrf.2022.533902.3210https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/49051Sanmiguel Plazas, R. A., Dedousi, A., López, J. D., Sierra, D. A. y Sossidou, E. N. (2023). Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens. [Articulo, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. 2022; 13(4): 461-467. doi: 10.30466/vrf.2022.533902.3210Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los efectos de la inclusión en el alimento de sustancias húmicas (HS) y/o carbonato de calcio (CaCO3) sobre el rendimiento y el bienestar de las gallinas ponedoras. Se asignó aleatoriamente un número total de 144 gallinas ponedoras Hy-Line Brown (55 semanas de edad) a cuatro tratamientos, T1–T4 (36 aves por tratamiento). Las gallinas T1 se alimentaron con una dieta de control sin HS ni CaCO3, las gallinas T2 se alimentaron con la dieta de control + 2,00 g por ave por día CaCO3, las gallinas T3 se alimentaron con la dieta de control + 0,20% de HS y las gallinas T4 se alimentaron con la dieta de control. dieta + 0,20% HS + 2,00 g/ave/día CaCO3. El experimento comenzó después de 15 días de adaptación y duró 8 semanas. Los parámetros evaluados fueron porcentaje de producción de huevo gallina-día, consumo de alimento, mortalidad, parámetros de calidad del huevo y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (indicador de bienestar). Las gallinas del grupo T3 mostraron un consumo de alimento significativamente menor que las de los otros tres grupos, sin embargo, se registró una producción diaria de huevos significativamente mayor en los grupos T3 y T4 en comparación con T1 y T2. Las características de calidad de la cáscara del huevo mejoraron significativamente con la suplementación con HS y los huevos puestos por las gallinas en los grupos T1 y T4 presentaron una yema y un color de la cáscara más pálidos que los de los otros grupos. En conclusión, estos resultados indicaron que la inclusión de HS en el alimento tuvo un efecto beneficioso sobre el rendimiento productivo de las gallinas ponedoras, incluida la producción de huevos y la calidad de la cáscara.This study aimed to determine the effects of in-feed inclusion of humic substances (HS) and/or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the performance and welfare of laying hens. A total number of 144 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (55 weeks old) were randomly assigned to four treatments, T1–T4 (36 birds per treatment). T1 hens were fed on a control diet without HS or CaCO3, T2 hens were fed on the control diet + 2.00 g per bird per day CaCO3, T3 hens were fed on the control diet + 0.20% HS and T4 hens were fed on the control diet + 0.20% HS + 2.00 g/bird/day CaCO3. The experiment started after 15 days of adaptation and lasted 8 weeks. The parameters evaluated were percentage of hen-day egg production, food consumption, mortality, egg quality parameters and heart rate variability (welfare indicator). Hens in the T3 group showed a significantly lower feed intake than those in the other three groups, however, significantly higher daily egg production was recorded in groups T3 and T4 compared to T1 and T2. Eggshell quality characteristics were significantly improved by HS supplementation and eggs laid by hens in groups T1, and T4 presented paler yolk and shell color than those in the other groups. In conclusion, these results indicated that in-feed inclusion of HS had a beneficial effect on laying hens’ productive performance including egg production and eggshells quality.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/EnRecursoHumano/inicio.do0000000235537583https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/LoginGruplac/login.dorosa.sanmiguel@campusucc.edu.cohttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=iNdH2aUAAAAJ461-467 p.Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, IbaguéMedicina veterinaria y zootecniaIbaguéhttp://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_254666.htmlVeterinary Research ForumAvci M, Denek N, Kaplan O. Effects of humic acid at different levels on growth performance, carcass yields and some biochemical parameters of quails. J Anim Vet Adv 2007; 6(1): 1-4.Yörük MA, Gül M, Hayirli A, et al. The effects of supplementation of humate and probiotic on egg production and quality parameters during the late laying period in hens. Poult Sci 2004; 83(1): 84-88.Kucukersan S, Kucukersan K, Colpan I, et al. The effects of humic acid on egg production and egg traits of laying hen. Vet Med-Czech 2005; 50(9): 406-410.Macit M, Çelebi Ş, Esenbuga N, et al. Effects of dietary humate supplementation on performance, egg quality and egg yolk fatty acid composition in layers. J Sci Food Agric 2009; 89(2): 315-319.Papatsiros V, Katsoulos PD, Koutoulis K, et al. Alternatives to antibiotics for farm animals. CAB Rev:Perspect Agric Vet Sci Nutr Nat Resour 2013; 8(32): doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR20138032.Vlcová Z. Chemical and physical transformations of humic acids. PhD Thesis. Institute of Physical and Applied Chemistry. BRNO University of Technology. Brno, Czechia 2009.Islam KM, Schuhmacher A, Gropp JM. Humic acid substances in animal agriculture. Pak J Nutr 2005; 4(3): 126-134.Sanmiguel-Plazas RA, Aguirre Pedreros WJ, Rondón Barragán IS. Perspectives on the use of humic substances in poultry production. [Spanish]. Ces Med Vet Zootec 2014; 9(1): 104-113.Sanmiguel RA, Rondon IS. Supplementation with humic substances affects the innate immunity in layer hens in posfasting phase. Rev MVZ Córdoba 2016; 21(1): 5198-5210.Disetlhe AR, Marume U, Mlambo V, et al. Humic acid and enzymes in canola-based broiler diets: Effects on bone development, intestinal histomorphology and immune development. S Afr J Anim Sci 2017; 47(6): 914-922.Arif M, Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, et al. Humic acid as a feed additive in poultry diets: a review. Iran J Vet Res 2019; 20(3): 167-172.Ergin O, Isa C, Nuh O, et al. Effects of dietary humic substances on egg production and egg shell quality of hens after peak laying period. Afr J Biotechnol 2009; 8(6): 1155-1159.Nys Y. Nutritional factors affecting eggshell quality. Czech J Anim Sci 1999; 44(3): 135-143.Bain MM. Recent advances in the assessment of eggshell quality and their future applications. Worlds Poult Sci J 2005; 61(2): 268-276.Arafat RY, Hassan Khan S, Abbas G, et al. Effect of dietary humic acid via drinking water on the performance and egg quality of commercial layers. Am J Biol Life Sci 2015; 3(2): 26-30.Ahmadi F, Rahimi F. Factors affecting quality and quantity of egg production in laying hens: A Review. World Appl Sci J 2011; 12(3): 372-384.Feng Y, Yang XJ, Wang YB, et al. Effects of immune stress on performance parameters, intestinal enzyme activity and mRNA expression of intestinal transporters in broiler chickens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25(5): 701-707.Sordillo LM, Aitken SL. Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 128(1-3): 104-109.Broom DM. Welfare in relations to feelings, stress and health. Rev Electrón Vet 2007; 8(12B): 1695-1704.Pistová V, Arpášová, H, Hrnčar C, et al. The effect of the humic acid and herbal additive supplement on production parameters of broiler chicken. Sci P Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 49(2): 166-169.Pistová V, Arpášová H, Hrnčar C. The effect of the humic acid and garlic (Allium sativum L.) on performance parameters and carcass characteristic of broiler chicken. J Cent Eur Agric 2016; 17(4): 1168-1178.von Borell E, Langbein J, Després G, et al. Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in farm animals - a review. Physiol Behav 2007; 92(3): 293-316.Nutri-Humic. Technical data sheet. Code 963. 2018. Available at: https://www.pba.com.co/Productos/ Accessed Oct 08, 2022.Sanmiguel-Plazas RA, Mejía-Rojas GR, Lozano-Covaleda LM, et al. Evaluation of different calcium grain sizes in laying hens diet. [Spanish]). Ciencia Agricultura 2016; 13(2): 67-72.Hy-Line. Brown Commercial layers-Australia. Manage-ment guide (2018); available at: https://www.hyline. com/ filesimages/ BrownAccessed Oct 08, 2022.Yalcin S, Ergun A, Ozsoy B, et al. The effects of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine and humic substances on performance, egg traits and blood parameters in laying hens. Asian- australas J Anim Sci 2006; 19(10): 1478-1483. 27.Hanafy M, El-Sheikh AMH. The effect of dietry humic acid supplementation on some productive and physiological traits of laying hens. Egypt Poult Sci 2008; 28: 1043-1058.Abo-EglaES, EL-Samra H, Ismail FS, et al. Effect of humic acid and BIO-MOS supplementation on egg production and quality parameters in local hens. J Anim Poult Prod 2011; 2(4): 55-63.Hakan KB, Gultekin Y, Ozge S. Effects of boric acid and humate supplementation on performance and egg quality parameters of laying hens. Braz J Poult Sci 2012; 14(4): 283-289.Sanmiguel Plazas RA, Rondón I. Supplementation with humic substances in laying hens during molt. [Spanish]. CES Med Vet Zootec 2014; 9(2): 169-178.Arpášová H, Kacaniová M, Pistová V, et al. Effect of probiotics and humic acid on egg production and quality parameters of laying hens eggs [Abstract]. Sci Pap Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 49(2): 1-9.Wang Q, Yoo JS, Chen YJ, et al. Effects of supplemental humic substances on egg production and quality in laying hens. Korean J Poult Sci 2006; 33(4): 317-321.Sopoliga IA, Hreško-Šamudovská A, Demeterová M, et al. Effect of humic substances on the production parameters of pheasant hens. Acta Fytotechn Zootech 2016; 19(1): 11-14.Hayirli A, Esenbuğa N, Macit M, et al. Nutrition practice to alleviate the adverse effects of stress on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in peak producing hen: II. The probiotic supplementation. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 2005; 18(12): 1752-1760.Monira KN, Salahuddin M, Miah G. Effect of breed and holding period on egg quality characteristics of chicken. Int J Poult Sci 2003; 2(4): 261-263Świątkiewicz S, Arczewska-Włosek A, Krawczyk J, et al. Effects on performance and eggshell quality of particle size of calcium sources in laying hens' diets with different Ca concentrations. Arch Anim Breed 2015; 58(2): 301-307.Goger H, Demirtas SE, Yurtogullari S. A selection study for improving eggshell colour in two parent lines of laying hens and their hybrids. Ital J Animal Sci 2016; 15(3): 390-395.Butcher GD, Miles R. Factors causing poor pigmentation of brown shelled eggs. University of Florida 2003. Available at: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ pdffiles/VM/VM04700.pdf. Accessed Oct 08, 2022.Lang MR, Wells JW. A review of eggshell pigmentation. Worlds Poult Sci J 1987; 43(3): 238-246.Odabaşi AZ, Miles RD, Balaban MO, et al. Changes in brown eggshell color as the hen ages. Poult Sci 2007; 86(2): 356-363.Kjaer JB, Jørgensen H. Heart rate variability in domestic chicken lines genetically selected on feather pecking behavior. Genes Brain Behav 2011; 10(7): 747–755.Müller MS, Vyssotski AL, Yamamoto M, et al. Heart rate variability reveals that a decrease in parasympathetic (‘rest-and-digest’) activity dominates autonomic stress responses in a free-living seabird. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 212: 117-126.Rath NC, Huff WE, Huff GR. Effects of humic acid on broiler chickens. 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Effects of feeds, supplemented with humic substances and calcium carbonate, on performance, egg quality and heart rate variability in laying hens

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