Descripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos
El síndrome navicular es una patología claudicogena común en medicina deportiva del equino que afecta el aparato podotroclear, se le atribuyen diferentes factores etiopatogenicos como una mala conformación de cascos, algunos componentes hereditarios y raciales, malas técnicas de herraje, excesiva co...
- Autores:
-
Bustos Tabares, Nicole Viviana
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UCC
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- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/33442
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/33442
- Palabra clave:
- Síndrome
Diagnostico
Podotroclear
Mecanismos
Claudicación
Navicular
TG 2021 MVZ 33442
Syndrome
Diagnosis
Podotrochlear
Mechanisms
Claudication
Navicular
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- openAccess
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- Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Descripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos |
| title |
Descripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos |
| spellingShingle |
Descripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos Síndrome Diagnostico Podotroclear Mecanismos Claudicación Navicular TG 2021 MVZ 33442 Syndrome Diagnosis Podotrochlear Mechanisms Claudication Navicular |
| title_short |
Descripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos |
| title_full |
Descripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos |
| title_fullStr |
Descripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Descripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos |
| title_sort |
Descripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Bustos Tabares, Nicole Viviana |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Pérez Rubio, María del Rocío Bonilla León, Lilian |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Bustos Tabares, Nicole Viviana |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Síndrome Diagnostico Podotroclear Mecanismos Claudicación Navicular |
| topic |
Síndrome Diagnostico Podotroclear Mecanismos Claudicación Navicular TG 2021 MVZ 33442 Syndrome Diagnosis Podotrochlear Mechanisms Claudication Navicular |
| dc.subject.classification.spa.fl_str_mv |
TG 2021 MVZ 33442 |
| dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv |
Syndrome Diagnosis Podotrochlear Mechanisms Claudication Navicular |
| description |
El síndrome navicular es una patología claudicogena común en medicina deportiva del equino que afecta el aparato podotroclear, se le atribuyen diferentes factores etiopatogenicos como una mala conformación de cascos, algunos componentes hereditarios y raciales, malas técnicas de herraje, excesiva contusión del casco y además, el desarrollo de la enfermedad está influenciada también por la disciplina deportiva que realice el caballo; se plantean tres teorías, biomecánica, degenerativa y vascular, las cuales describen la secuencia de mecanismos que dan origen a los cambios patológicos de las estructuras afectadas. Para el diagnóstico del síndrome existe un paso a paso que analiza todo el sistema podotroclear el cual inicia con una inspección en estática y en dinámica, que continua con la palpación y la presión con pinzas, para realizar el test de flexión, la analgesia diagnostica y finalmente aplicar las pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen como ecografía, radiología y resonancia magnética que finalmente confirma y concluye los cambios patológicos en cada una de las estructuras. La detección de dicha condición patológica mediante las pruebas diagnósticas es fundamental para establecer un plan de tratamiento que mejore el pronóstico del paciente y continuar con su vida deportiva. Para esto, es necesario cumplir con tres objetivos terapéuticos enfocados en reducir el estrés biomecánico del aparato podotroclear mediante la distribución mecánica de fuerzas, controlar el dolor y la inflamación, favorecer la microcirculación y retardar la progresión de la degeneración. El éxito de la recuperación del paciente depende del cumplimiento del tratamiento, la continuidad del mismo y la supervisión constante del paciente. |
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2021 |
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2021-02-19T15:14:52Z |
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2021-02-19T15:14:52Z |
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2021-02-18 |
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Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
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Bustos Tabares, N. V. (2021). Descripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos. [tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/33442 |
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Bustos Tabares, N. V. (2021). Descripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos. [tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/33442 |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
White C. The horse. [Online].; 2020 [cited 2020 Marzo 20. Available from: https://thehorse.com/184051/podotrochlosis-101/. Adrados de Llano P, Vazquez A, et a. Sindrome del navicular Zaragoza: Servet; 2018. Navarra K, Anderson m. The horse. [Online].; 2020 [cited 2020 Marzo 23. Available from: https://thehorse.com/features/navicular-syndrome/?fbclid=IwAR346p4qp0NJxpdGZrYg3QeuahyW4WesPTDyFSzWR_Q1yqs48o8w14P0k4g. Waguespack W, Hanson R. Equisan. [Online].; 2010 [cited 2020 marzo 27. Available from: https://www.equisan.com/images/pdf/navicular%20syndrome.pdf Claerhoudt S. Universiteit gent. [Online].; 2014 [cited 2020 Abril 2. Available from: https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/4339915/file/4339921.pdf Schramme M, Labens R. Orthopaedics 2. Diseases of the foot and distal limbs. In Mair T, Love S, al e. Equine medicine, surgery and reproduction. Ohio: Elsevier; 2013. p. 341. Dyson SJ. Navicular Disease. In Ross MW, Dyson SJ. Diagnosis and managment of lamennes in the horse. Missouri : Elseiver; 2011. p. 338-341. Bentley V, Sample S, al e. Morphologic changes associated with functional adaptation of the navicular bone of horses. Journal of anatomy. 2007 Noviembre; 211(5): p. 662-663. Dyson S, R M, et a. Current concepts of navicular disease. Equine veterinary education. 2010 December; 23(1): p. 55. Trotter G. The biomechanics of what really causes navicular disease. Equine veterinary journal. 2001; 33: p. 334. Salinas P, Figueroa S, al e. Morfometría, Planimetría y Estereología en el Hueso Sesamoídeo. International journal of morphology. 2014 Marzo; 32(1): p. 357. Davies H, Philip C. Anatomy and physiology of the equine digit. In Floyd A, Mansmann R. Equine podiatry. London: Elseiver; 2007. p. 8-9. könig HE, Liebich H. Miembros toracicos. In könig HE, Liebich H. Anatomia de los animales domesticos aparato locomotor. España: medica panamericana; 2005. p. 170. Dyson S, Pool R. The distal sesamoidean impar ligament: Comparison between its appearance on magnetic resonance imaging and histology of the axial third of the ligament. Equine veterinary journal. 2010 Mayo; 42(4): p. 1. Albanese V, Wilhite D, al e. Proximal Digital Annular Ligament Desmotomy in Horses: A cadaveric study. Journal of equine veterinary science. 2013 Mayo; 34(5): p. 1-2. Kainer R, Fails AD. Functional Anatomy of the musculoskeletal system. In Baxter GM. Adams and stashak's lameness in horse. Colorado: Wiley blackwell; 2011. p. 14. Grewal J. Ultrasonographyc evaluation of the equine foot. In Floyd A, Mansmann R. Equine podiatry. London: Elseiver; 2007. p. 191. Hontoir F, Rejas E, et a. Communication between the distal interphalangeal joint and the navicular bursa in the horse at Computed Tomography. Anatomia, histologia, embriologia. 2019 Marzo; 48(2): p. 1-7. Silveira B, Souza E, et a. Digit innervation of the thoracic limb of Criollo horses. Anatomia, histologia, embriologia. 2020 Mayo;: p. 2-3. Kainer R, Dee F. Functional anatomy of the equine musculoskeletal system. In Baxter G. Adams and Stashak's lameness in horses. Colorado: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. p. 19-20. Rijkenhuizen A, Nemeth , al e. The arterial supply of the navicular bone in adult horses with navicular disease. Equine veterinary journal. 1989 Noviembre; 21(6): p. 400-401. Church SL. The horse. [Online].; 2019 [cited 2020 Mayo 20. Available from: https://thehorse.com/181721/bowker-navicular-issues-begin-earlier-than-we-think/ Lopes MS, Diesterbeck U, al e. Refinement of quantitative trait loci on equine chromosome 10 for radiological signs of navicular disease in hanoverian warmbloods horses. Animal genetics. 2010 December; 41(2): p. 36-40. Komosa M, Purzyc H, et a. Changes in navicular bone (os sesamoideum distale) shape in Horses as a result of pathological alterations. Folia biological. 2013 January; 61(1-2): p. 1-9. Pares casanova PM. Morphometry of equine distal sesamoid bone on clinically normal horses. Journal of dairy, veterinary and animal research. 2015 January; 2(1): p. 4-4. Komosa M, Purzyc H, et a. Navicular syndrome in sport horses as a result of the disorder of biological bone tissue turnover rthythm: a review. Biological Rhythm Research. 2013 January; 44(3): p. 339-348. Sandler E, Kawcak C, et a. Remodeling of the Navicular Bone in Responseto Exercise—A Controlled Study. AAEP. 2000; 46: p. 46-50. Weaver M, Shaw d, et a. Pressure distribution between the deep digital flexor tendon and the navicular bone, and the effect of raising the heels in vitro. Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology. 2009; 22(4): p. 278-282. Mcilwraith W, Vachon A. Review of pathogenesis and treatment of degenerative joint disease. Equine veterinary journal. 1988 September ;: p. 3-4. Viitanen M, Bird J, al e. Biochemical characterisation of navicular hyaline cartilage, navicular fibrocartilage and the deep digital flexor tendon in horses. Research in Veterinary Science. 2003 October ; 75: p. 114-119. Fricker C, Riek W, et a. Occlusion of the digital arteries - A model for pathogenesis of navicular disease. Equine veterinary journal. 1982 July; 14 : p. 203-206. Pool R, Meagher D, et a. Pathophysiology of navicular syndrome. The veterinary clinics of the north america: equine clinics. 1989 April ; 5(1): p. 122-128. Jenner F. Treatment of osseous cyst-like lesions. Equine veterinary education. 2020 Marzo ;(1). Komosa M, Wlodarek J, et a. Comparison of pathological lesions in navicular bone (os sesamoideum distale) and analysis of remodelling capacity in warmblood and coldblood horses. Polish journal of veterinary sciences. 2018 Marzo; 21(1). Frątczak M, Włodarek J, al e. Insight into the pathomorphology of the distal border of the equine navicular bone. Acta veterinaria Brno. 2017 Mayo; 86(2): p. 123. Dyson S. Navicular disease and injures of the podotrochlear apparatus. In Sprayberry KA, Robinson NE. Robinson's Current Therapy in equine medicine, seventh edition. Missouri: Elseiver; 2015. p. 856-857. Starke S, Raistrick K, et a. The effect of trotting speed on the evaluation of subtle lameness in horses. The veterinary journal. 2013; 197(2). Baxter GM, Stashak T. Examination for lameness. In Baxter GM. Adams and stashak's lameness in horse.: Blackwell publishing ; 2011. p. 116-118. Stashak T. Examination for lameness. In Stashak T. Practical guide to lameness. Iowa: Blackwell publishing; 2013. p. 122-132. Loving N. The horse. [Online].; 2015 [cited 2020 Junio 23. Available from: https://thehorse.com/111213/using-flexion-and-wedge-tests-to-diagnose-foot-pain/ Lindstedt I. Facial expression of pain in horses undergoing flexion test and relation to lameness. 2017. Proyecto en licenciatura de medicina veterinaria. Kaneps A. Diagnosis of lameness. In surgery Esa. Hinchcliff, Kenneth.: Elsevier; 2014. p. 242-243. Moyer W, Schumacher J, Schumacher J. In Moyer W, Schumacher J, Schumacher J. Equine joint injection and regional anesthesia.: Academic veterinary sol ; 2011. p. 21-23. Schumacher J, Schumacher J, et a. The effects of local anaesthetic solution in the navicular bursa of horses with lameness caused by distal interphalangeal joint pain. Equine veterinary journal. 2003; 35(5). Schumacher J, Schramme M, et a. Diagnostic analgesia of the equine digit. Equine veterinary education. 2013; 25(8 ). Dau SL, Azevedo MS, De la corte FD, et a. Response of three digital anesthetic technics in horses with forelimb hoof lameness. Scielo. 2017 July; 69(4). Beeman M. How to Perform an Alternative Method to Anesthetize Tha Palmar/Plantar Digital Nerves. AAEP Proceedings. 2013; 59. Dyson S. Radiological interpretation of the navicular bone. Equine veterinary education. 2008 May; 20(5). Biggi M, Dyson S. Distal border fragments and shape of the navicular bone: Radiological evaluation in lame horses and horses free. Equine veterinary journal. 2012 Mayo. Eggleston R. Radiology and Ultrasonography of the Equine Foot. 2009. Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners - Focus Meeting. Morandi F. Equine navicular bone. In Thrall DE. Veterinary diagnostic radiology. Missouri: Elsevier; 2018. p. 553. Bluter J, Colles C, et a. Chapter 3 Foot, pastern and fetlock. In Bluter J, Colles C, et a. Clinical radiology of the horse.: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008. p. 53-54. Claerhoudt S, Vanderperren K, et a. Asociation between navicular bone fragmentation and shape in belgian warmbloods horses. Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology. 2011 Febrero . Weaver M, Barakzai S. Radiographic procedures. In Weaver M, Barakzai S. Handbook of equine radiography. Reino unido: Elseiver; 2010. p. 26. Kaser-hotz B, Ueltsch G. Radiographic appearance of the navicular bone in sound horses. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrusound. 1992; 33(1). Butler J, Colles CC, et a. Chapter 3 The foot. In Butler J, Colles CC, et a. Clinical radiology of the horse. Reino unido : Wiley blackwell; 2017. p. 59-60. Hinkle F, Jhonson Sea. A review of normal radiographical variants commonly mistaken for pathological findings in horses. Equine veterinary education. 2019 Abirl . Rabba S, Bore G, et a. Ultrasonographic findings in horses with foot pain but without radiografically detectable osseous abnormalities. Veterinary radiology and ultrasound. 2010 Junio ; 52(1). MacDonald JL, Ritcher RA, et a. Ultrasonographic variations are present in the distal sesamoidean impar ligament of clinically sound horses. Veterinary radiology and ultrasound. 2018 Enero . Bolen G, Busoni V, et a. Sonographic anatomy of the palmarodistal aspect of the equine digit. Veterinary radiology and ultrasound. 2007; 48(3). Cartens A, Smith R. Ultrasonography of the foot and pastern. In Kidd J, Lu K, et a. Atlas equine ultrasonography.: Wiley Blackwell; 2014. p. 28-32. whitcomb MB. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the distal extremity. Journal of equine veterinary science. 2009; 29(1). Oke S. The horse. [Online].; 2014 [cited 2020 Agosto 20. Available from: https://thehorse.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/MRIFactSheet2018.pdf Jaskólska M, Adamiak Z, et a. Magnetic resonance protocols in equine lameness examination, used sequences, and interpretation. Polish journal veterinary sciences. 2013; 16(4). Parkers R, Newton R, Dyson S. Is there an association between clinical features, response to diagnostic analgesia and radiological findings in horses with a magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of navicular disease or other injuries of the podotrochlear apparatus? The veterinary journal. 2015 Jan . Mieszkowska M, Adamiak Z, et a. Magnetic resonance imaging provides a detailed perspective on the navicular syndrome in horses. Medycyna weterynaryjna. 2016 June; 72(5). Murray R, Scharmme M, Sue D, et a. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOOT IN HORSES WITH PALMAR FOOT PAIN AND CONTROL HORSES. Veterinary radiology ultrasound. 2005 junio; 47(1). Waguespack W, Hanson R. Treating navicular syndromein equine patients. Compend contiun educ vet. 2011 Enero; 1(33). Banse H, Cribb AE. Comparative efficacy of oral meloxicam and phenylbutazone in 2 experimental pain models in the horse. The canadian veterinary journal. 2017 febrero; 2(58). Kaneps A. Diseases of the foot. In Hinchcliff K, Kaneps A, et a. Equine sports medicine and surgery. China: Elsevier; 2014. p. 269. Balch O. Discipline specific hoof preparation and shoeing. In Floyd A, Richard M. Equine podiatry. p. 393-413. McIlwraith W. Intraarticular Corticosteroids. In McIlwraith W, Kawcak C, et a. Joint disease of the horse.: Elseiver; 2016. p. 203. Rose R, Allen J, et a. Studies on isoxsuprine hydrochloride for the treatment of navicular disease. Equine veterinary journal. 1983; 3(15). Frevel M, King B, et a. clodronato disodico para el tratamiento de los signos clinicos de enfermedad navicular- un ensayo clinico doble ciego, controlado con placebo. Pferdeheilkunde equine medicine. 2017 marzo; 2(33). Richbourg H, Mitchell C, et a. Tiludronate and clodronate do not affect bone structure or remodeling kinetics over a 60 day randomized trial. BMC Veterinary Research. 2018; 14(105). Kaneps A. Practical Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy for the General Equine Practitioner. Veterinary clinics: Equine practice. 2016 abril; 32(1). Jones H. Ghent university library. [Online].; 2017 [cited 2020 09 14. Available from: https://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/002/351/448/RUG01-002351448_2017_0001_AC.pdf Gutierrez Nibeyro S, Werpy N, et a. Outcome of palmar/plantar digital neurectomy in horses with foot pain evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging: 50 cases (2005–2011). Equine veterinary journal. 2014 febrero ; 2(47). Oosterlinck M, Pille F, et a. Guillotine versus pull-through technique for palmar digital neurectomy: A retrospective study on 40 horses. Equine veterinary education. 2018 noviembre; 32. Denoix. the equine foot. In Jean Marie D. The equine distal limb an atlas of Clinical Anatomy and comparative. Barcelona: Manson publishing; 2000. p. 28-29. Turner T. Enfermedades del aparato musculoesqueletico. In Colahan P, Mayhew I, al e. Medicina y cirugia equina. Buenos aires: Inter medica; 1998. p. 1244. Baxter G. Common conditions of the foot. In Baxter G, editor. Manual of the equine lameness.: Wiley blackwell; 2011. p. 227. Davies H, Philip C. Anatomy and physiology of the equine digit. In Floyd A, Mansmann R. Equine podiatry. London: Elseiver; 2007. p. 24. Davies H, Philip C. Anatomy and physiology of the equine digit. In Floyd A, Mansmann R. Equine podiatry. London: Elseiver; 2007. p. 11. Van der Zaag E, Weerts E, al e. Clinicopathological findings in horses with a bi- or tripartite navicular bone. BMC Veterinary Research. 2016 April 9; 12(74). Stock KF, Hamann H. Variance component estimation on the frequency of pathologic changes in the navicular bones of hanoverian warmblood horses. Journal animal breed and genetics. 2004 September; 121: p. 290-291. Kaneps A. Equine sport medicine and surgery. In Hinchcliff K, Kaneps A, et a. Equine sport medicine and surgery.: Elseiver ; 2014. p. 244. Moyer W, Schumacher J, Schumacher J. Joint injection. In Moyer W, Schumacher J, Schumacher J. Equine joint injection and regional anesthesia.: Academic veterinary sol ; 2011. p. 8. Moyer W, Schumacher J, et a. Regional nerve block. In Moyer W, Schumacher J, et a. Equine joint injection and regional anesthesia.: Academic veterinary solutions; 2011. p. 97. Gomez W. Instagram. [Online].; 2019 [cited 2020 septiembre 8. Available from: https://www.instagram.com/wilsongomezvasquez/ |
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Pérez Rubio, María del RocíoBonilla León, LilianBustos Tabares, Nicole Viviana2021-02-19T15:14:52Z2021-02-19T15:14:52Z2021-02-18https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/33442Bustos Tabares, N. V. (2021). Descripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos. [tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/33442El síndrome navicular es una patología claudicogena común en medicina deportiva del equino que afecta el aparato podotroclear, se le atribuyen diferentes factores etiopatogenicos como una mala conformación de cascos, algunos componentes hereditarios y raciales, malas técnicas de herraje, excesiva contusión del casco y además, el desarrollo de la enfermedad está influenciada también por la disciplina deportiva que realice el caballo; se plantean tres teorías, biomecánica, degenerativa y vascular, las cuales describen la secuencia de mecanismos que dan origen a los cambios patológicos de las estructuras afectadas. Para el diagnóstico del síndrome existe un paso a paso que analiza todo el sistema podotroclear el cual inicia con una inspección en estática y en dinámica, que continua con la palpación y la presión con pinzas, para realizar el test de flexión, la analgesia diagnostica y finalmente aplicar las pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen como ecografía, radiología y resonancia magnética que finalmente confirma y concluye los cambios patológicos en cada una de las estructuras. La detección de dicha condición patológica mediante las pruebas diagnósticas es fundamental para establecer un plan de tratamiento que mejore el pronóstico del paciente y continuar con su vida deportiva. Para esto, es necesario cumplir con tres objetivos terapéuticos enfocados en reducir el estrés biomecánico del aparato podotroclear mediante la distribución mecánica de fuerzas, controlar el dolor y la inflamación, favorecer la microcirculación y retardar la progresión de la degeneración. El éxito de la recuperación del paciente depende del cumplimiento del tratamiento, la continuidad del mismo y la supervisión constante del paciente.Navicular syndrome is a common claudicogenic pathology in equine sports medicine that affects the podotrochlear apparatus, different etiopathogenic factors are attributed to it such as poor hoof conformation, some hereditary and racial components, poor shoeing techniques, excessive hoof contusion and also, the development of the disease is also influenced by the sporting discipline that the horse performs; Three theories are proposed, biomechanical, degenerative and vascular, which describe the sequence of mechanisms that give rise to the pathological changes of the affected structures. For the diagnosis of the syndrome, there is a step-by-step analysis of the entire podotrochlear system which begins with a static and dynamic inspection, which continues with palpation and pressure with forceps, to perform the flexion test, diagnostic analgesia and finally apply diagnostic imaging tests such as ultrasound, radiology and magnetic resonance imaging that finally confirms and concludes the pathological changes in each of the structures. The detection of this pathological condition through diagnostic tests is essential to establish a treatment plan that improves the patient's prognosis and continues with their sports life. For this, it is necessary to meet three therapeutic objectives focused on reducing the biomechanical stress of the podotrochlear apparatus through the mechanical distribution of forces, controlling pain and inflammation, promoting microcirculation and slowing the progression of degeneration. The success of the patient's recovery depends on the compliance with the treatment, its continuity and the constant supervision of the patient.Agradecimientos. -- Resumen. -- Abstract. -- 1. Introducción. -- 2. Justificación. -- 3. Objetivos. -- 3.1 General. -- 3.2 Especifico. -- 4. Metodología. -- 5. Recuerdo anatómico del aparato podotroclear. -- 6. Etiopatogenia. -- 5.1 Teoría Biomecánica. -- 5.2 Teoría degenerativa. -- 5.3 Teoría vascular. -- 5.4 Estructura del hueso. -- 5.5 Borde proximal. -- 5.6 Borde distal. -- 5.7 Superficie flexora. -- 7. Historia clínica y signos clínicos. -- 8. Diagnostico. -- 7.1 Evaluación de la claudicación. -- 7.1.1 Inspección en estática. -- 7.1.2 Inspección en dinámica. -- 7.1.3 Palpación y presión con pinzas. -- 7.1.4 Test de flexión. -- 7.1.5 Analgesia diagnostica. -- 7.2 Diagnóstico por imagen. -- 7.2.1 Radiología. -- 7.2.2 Ecografía. -- 7.2.3 Resonancia magnética. -- 9. Tratamiento. -- 8.1 tratamiento no quirúrgico. -- 8.1.2 Terapia medica. -- 8.2 tratamiento quirúrgico. -- 10. Conclusiones. -- Bibliografía.nica_1116@hotmail.com53 p.Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, IbaguéMedicina veterinaria y zootecniaIbaguéSíndromeDiagnosticoPodotroclearMecanismosClaudicaciónNavicularTG 2021 MVZ 33442SyndromeDiagnosisPodotrochlearMechanismsClaudicationNavicularDescripción clínica del síndrome navicular, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientosTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAtribución – No comercial – Sin Derivarinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2White C. The horse. [Online].; 2020 [cited 2020 Marzo 20. Available from: https://thehorse.com/184051/podotrochlosis-101/.Adrados de Llano P, Vazquez A, et a. 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12:36:25.658restrictedhttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de 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