Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study

Purpose: The study sought to examine the association between dental students' smartphone addiction and academic achievement. Methods: Study participants were 374 dental students from the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia school of dentistry. Smartphone addiction was assessed using the short v...

Full description

Autores:: Mafla Chamorro, Ana Cristina
Herrera López, Harvey M.
Eraso, Thanya Fernanda
Melo, Marilyn Alexandra
Muñoz, Natalia
Schwendicke, Falk

Tipo de recurso:: Article of investigation

Fecha de publicación:: 2021

Institución:: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

Repositorio:: Repositorio UCC

Idioma:

id	COOPER2_690eb71255c52edca06a705cb02f3217
oai_identifier_str	oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/46657
network_acronym_str	COOPER2
network_name_str	Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study
title	Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study
spellingShingle	Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study desempeño académico comportamiento adictivo estudiantes de odontología educación adicción a internet academic performance addictive behavior dental students education internet addiction
title_short	Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study
title_full	Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study
title_fullStr	Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed	Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study
title_sort	Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Mafla Chamorro, Ana Cristina Herrera López, Harvey M. Eraso, Thanya Fernanda Melo, Marilyn Alexandra Muñoz, Natalia Schwendicke, Falk
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Mafla Chamorro, Ana Cristina Herrera López, Harvey M. Eraso, Thanya Fernanda Melo, Marilyn Alexandra Muñoz, Natalia Schwendicke, Falk
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	desempeño académico comportamiento adictivo estudiantes de odontología educación adicción a internet
topic	desempeño académico comportamiento adictivo estudiantes de odontología educación adicción a internet academic performance addictive behavior dental students education internet addiction
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv	academic performance addictive behavior dental students education internet addiction
description	Purpose: The study sought to examine the association between dental students' smartphone addiction and academic achievement. Methods: Study participants were 374 dental students from the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia school of dentistry. Smartphone addiction was assessed using the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), an instrument that was validated a priori using item response theory, information function test, and confirmatory factor analysis. Students' semester grade point average (GPA) served as a measure of academic performance. The association between SAS-SV scores and GPA was tested using generalized linear modeling adjusting for covariates. Results: The prevalence of smartphone addiction was low (4.8%) in this sample of dental students. Smartphone use was significantly and positively associated with GPA (b = 0.012; 95% confidence interval = 0.005-0.020; P = 0.001) while accounting for students' age and year of study. Conclusions: Smartphone usage was positively associated with dental students' academic performance. Importantly, a small number of students were identified as suffering from smartphone addiction. Future research should help clarify the mechanisms underlying this association, identify students at risk for smartphone addiction, and further elucidate the relevance of these findings in dental education.
publishDate	2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2021-11-15
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2022-10-08T16:32:03Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2022-10-08T16:32:03Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Artículos Científicos
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
status_str	publishedVersion
dc.identifier.isbn.spa.fl_str_mv	N/A
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv	ISSN (online): 1930-7837
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv	http://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12728
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/46657
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv	Mafla AC, Herrera-López HM, Eraso TF, Melo MA, Muñoz N, Schwendicke F. (2021) Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study. J Dent Educ. 2021;85(11):1802-1809.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/46657
identifier_str_mv	N/A ISSN (online): 1930-7837 Mafla AC, Herrera-López HM, Eraso TF, Melo MA, Muñoz N, Schwendicke F. (2021) Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study. J Dent Educ. 2021;85(11):1802-1809.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/46657
url	http://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12728 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/46657
dc.relation.isversionof.spa.fl_str_mv	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jdd.12728
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv	Journal of Dental Education
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	1. Eyre D. High Performance Learning: How to Become a World Class School. London, UK: Taylor & Francis Ltd; 2016. 2. Tourón J. Defining achievement standards for educational systems. Estudios sobre Educación. 2009;16(16):127-146. 3. Aramburo V, Boroel B, Pineda G. Predictive factors associated with academic performance in college students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2017;237:945-949. 4. Grant JE, Potenza MN, Weinstein A, Gorelick DA. Introduction to behavioral addictions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2010;36(5):233-241. 5. World Health Organization (WHO). Public Health Implications of Excessive Use of the Internet, Computers, Smartphones and Similar Electronic Devices: Meeting Report (Tokio, Japan August 27-29, 2014). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press, 2015. 6. Statista. Smartphone Users Worldwide 2016-2021. https:// www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphoneusers- worldwide/. Accessed September 3, 2020. 7. Demirci K, Akgönül M, Akpinar A. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(2):85-92. 8. Vollrath M, Huemer AK, Teller C, et al. Do German drivers use their smartphones safely?-Not really! Accid Anal Prev. 2016;96:29-38. 9. Caird JK, Johnston KA, Willness CR, et al. A meta-analysis of the effects of texting on driving. Accid Anal Prev. 2014;71:311-318. 10. Burns SM, Lohenry K. Cellular phone use in class: Implications for teaching and learning – a pilot study. College Student Journal. 2010;44(3):805-810. 11. Uzun AM, Kilis S. Does persistent involvement in media and technology lead to lower academic performance? Evaluating media and technology use in relation to multitasking, selfregulation and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior. 2019;90:196-203. 12. Malhi P, Bharti B, SidhuM. Use of electronic media and its relationship with academic achievement among school going adolescents. Psychological Studies. 2016;61:67-75. 13. Congreso de la República de Colombia. Proyecto de Ley 152 de 2018. http://leyes.senado.gov.co/proyectos/index.php/textosradicados- senado/p-ley-2018-2019/1295-proyecto-de-ley-152- de-2018. Accessed January 20, 2021. 14. MinTIC de Colombia. Estadísticas. https://colombiatic.mintic. gov.co/679/w3-propertyvalue-47272.html. Accessed January 28, 2021. 15. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(4):344-349. 16. Kwon M, Kim DJ, Cho H, Yang S. The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS One. 2013;8:e83558. 17. López-Fernandez O. Short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale adapted to Spanish and French: Towards a crosscultural research in problematic mobile phone use. Addict Behav. 2017;64:275-280. 18. World Health Organization (WHO). Gender and health. https:// www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/gender-and-health. Accessed September 12, 2020. 19. República de Colombia. DANE. Metodología de Estratificación Socioeconómica Urbana y Rural para Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios. https://www.dane.gov.co/files/geoestadistica/ estratificacion/ManualdeActualizacion.pdf. Accessed September 30, 2020. 20. R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (Manual & Software). Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2008. 21. Kormaz S, Goksuluk D, Zararsiz G. MVN: An R Package for Assessing Multivariate Normality (version 4.0) 2015. https:// mran.microsoft.com/snapshot/2016-08-05/web/packages/ MVN/vignettes/MVN.pdf. Accessed August 6, 2019. 22. Baker F. Item Response Theory: Parameter Estimation Techniques. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 1992. 23. Bryant F, Satorra A. Principles and practice of scaled difference chi-square testing. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal. 2012;19(3):372-398. 24. Morata-Ramírez M, Holgado-Tello FP. Construct validity of likert scales through confirmatory factor analysis: A simulation study comparing different methods of estimation based on Pearson and polychoric correlations. International Journal of Social Science Studies. 2013;1(1):54-61. 25. İnal EE, Demİrcİ k, Çetİntürk A, et al. Effects of smartphone overuse on hand function, pinch strength, and the median nerve. Muscle Nerve. 2015;52(2):183-188. 26. Xie Y, Szeto GP, Dai J, Madeleine P. A comparison of muscle activity in using touchscreen smartphone among young people with and without chronic neck-shoulder pain. Ergonomics. 2016;59(1):61-72. 27. Elhai JD, Levine JC, Dvorak RD, Hall BJ. Non-social features of smartphone use are most related to depression, anxiety and problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior. 2017;69:75-82. 28. Kim MH, Min S, Ahn JS, et al. Association between high adolescent smartphone use and academic impairment, conflicts with family members or friends, and suicide attempts. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0219831. 29. Samaha M, Hawi NS. Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior. 2016;57:321-325. 30. Karki S, Singh JP, PaudelG, et al.Howaddicted are newly admitted undergraduate medical students to smartphones? a crosssectional study from Chitwan medical college, Nepal. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):95. 31. Alsalameh AM, Harisi MJ, Alduayji MA, et al. Evaluating the relationship between smartphone addiction/overuse and musculoskeletal pain among medical students at Qassim University. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(9):2953- 2959. 32. Baabdullah A, Bokhary D, Kabli Y, et al. The association between smartphone addiction and thumb/wrist pain: A crosssectional study. Medicine. 2020;99(10):e19124. 33. Araiza-Alba P, Keane T, Chen WS, Kaufman J. Immersive virtual reality as a tool to learn problem-solving skills. Computers & Education. 2021;164:104121. 34. UNESCO Education Sector. A Landscape Review: Digital Inclusion for Low-Skilled and Low-Literate People. Paris, France: UNESCO; 2018. 35. Sfendla A, Laita M, Nejjar B, et al. Reliability of the Arabic Smartphone Addiction Scale and Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short version in two different Moroccan samples. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2018;21(5):325-332. 36. Haug S, Castro RP, Kwon M, et al. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(4):299-307.
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv	NINGUNA
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
rights_invalid_str_mv	NINGUNA http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
eu_rights_str_mv	closedAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv	1802-1809
dc.coverage.temporal.spa.fl_str_mv	85
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv	Dr. Michael S. Reddy Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Odontología, Pasto
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv	Odontología
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv	Pasto
institution	Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv	https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/74e5bb12-a286-41f9-94ff-55b9528aa935/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/de428ee8-10a2-4750-9f5c-f796dd5447cd/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/7d1da94e-5bde-49ec-b91b-5b0e3366998c/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/f73331d0-4168-40cc-9698-bdcaf4c68dff/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/a562b4a4-f0de-42d6-a2cb-5b41464a8530/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/c8c87535-be99-421f-a814-3e0bfc989782/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/d1904772-ddac-48e0-a6cc-8721189a2682/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv	6590437d0ca7ef8726428df5745eac6e 083d56c3023963ba1f8cb2a6e333b801 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 d2e47c621873506139abcd240029e43c b3e491dd0b38557d60f0492c6954ec6a 1e2de777d2dc18e912743ff627c6c1e4 cc5e0ab17376fd98513f13abef727ca8
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv	MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv	bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
_version_	1808789267396165632
spelling	Mafla Chamorro, Ana CristinaHerrera López, Harvey M.Eraso, Thanya FernandaMelo, Marilyn AlexandraMuñoz, NataliaSchwendicke, Falk852022-10-08T16:32:03Z2022-10-08T16:32:03Z2021-11-15N/AISSN (online): 1930-7837http://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12728https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/46657Mafla AC, Herrera-López HM, Eraso TF, Melo MA, Muñoz N, Schwendicke F. (2021) Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study. J Dent Educ. 2021;85(11):1802-1809.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/46657Purpose: The study sought to examine the association between dental students' smartphone addiction and academic achievement. Methods: Study participants were 374 dental students from the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia school of dentistry. Smartphone addiction was assessed using the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), an instrument that was validated a priori using item response theory, information function test, and confirmatory factor analysis. Students' semester grade point average (GPA) served as a measure of academic performance. The association between SAS-SV scores and GPA was tested using generalized linear modeling adjusting for covariates. Results: The prevalence of smartphone addiction was low (4.8%) in this sample of dental students. Smartphone use was significantly and positively associated with GPA (b = 0.012; 95% confidence interval = 0.005-0.020; P = 0.001) while accounting for students' age and year of study. Conclusions: Smartphone usage was positively associated with dental students' academic performance. Importantly, a small number of students were identified as suffering from smartphone addiction. Future research should help clarify the mechanisms underlying this association, identify students at risk for smartphone addiction, and further elucidate the relevance of these findings in dental education.1. Introduction. -- 2. Methods. -- 2.1 Ethics approval. -- 2.2 Study design, setting and participants. -- 2.3 Study instruments and data collection. -- 2.4 Statistical analysis. -- 3. Results. -- 4. Discussion. -- 5. Conclusion.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000676616https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2805-7901https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000002911ana.mafla@campusucc.edu.cohttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=MSFc5YoAAAAJ&hl=es1802-1809Dr. Michael S. ReddyUniversidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Odontología, PastoOdontologíaPastohttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jdd.12728Journal of Dental Education1. Eyre D. High Performance Learning: How to Become a World Class School. London, UK: Taylor & Francis Ltd; 2016.2. Tourón J. Defining achievement standards for educational systems. Estudios sobre Educación. 2009;16(16):127-146.3. Aramburo V, Boroel B, Pineda G. Predictive factors associated with academic performance in college students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2017;237:945-949.4. Grant JE, Potenza MN, Weinstein A, Gorelick DA. Introduction to behavioral addictions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2010;36(5):233-241.5. World Health Organization (WHO). Public Health Implications of Excessive Use of the Internet, Computers, Smartphones and Similar Electronic Devices: Meeting Report (Tokio, Japan August 27-29, 2014). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press, 2015.6. Statista. Smartphone Users Worldwide 2016-2021. https:// www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphoneusers- worldwide/. Accessed September 3, 2020.7. Demirci K, Akgönül M, Akpinar A. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(2):85-92.8. Vollrath M, Huemer AK, Teller C, et al. Do German drivers use their smartphones safely?-Not really! Accid Anal Prev. 2016;96:29-38.9. Caird JK, Johnston KA, Willness CR, et al. A meta-analysis of the effects of texting on driving. Accid Anal Prev. 2014;71:311-318.10. Burns SM, Lohenry K. Cellular phone use in class: Implications for teaching and learning – a pilot study. College Student Journal. 2010;44(3):805-810.11. Uzun AM, Kilis S. Does persistent involvement in media and technology lead to lower academic performance? Evaluating media and technology use in relation to multitasking, selfregulation and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior. 2019;90:196-203.12. Malhi P, Bharti B, SidhuM. Use of electronic media and its relationship with academic achievement among school going adolescents. Psychological Studies. 2016;61:67-75.13. Congreso de la República de Colombia. Proyecto de Ley 152 de 2018. http://leyes.senado.gov.co/proyectos/index.php/textosradicados- senado/p-ley-2018-2019/1295-proyecto-de-ley-152- de-2018. Accessed January 20, 2021.14. MinTIC de Colombia. Estadísticas. https://colombiatic.mintic. gov.co/679/w3-propertyvalue-47272.html. Accessed January 28, 2021.15. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(4):344-349.16. Kwon M, Kim DJ, Cho H, Yang S. The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS One. 2013;8:e83558.17. López-Fernandez O. Short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale adapted to Spanish and French: Towards a crosscultural research in problematic mobile phone use. Addict Behav. 2017;64:275-280.18. World Health Organization (WHO). Gender and health. https:// www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/gender-and-health. Accessed September 12, 2020.19. República de Colombia. DANE. Metodología de Estratificación Socioeconómica Urbana y Rural para Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios. https://www.dane.gov.co/files/geoestadistica/ estratificacion/ManualdeActualizacion.pdf. Accessed September 30, 2020.20. R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (Manual & Software). Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2008.21. Kormaz S, Goksuluk D, Zararsiz G. MVN: An R Package for Assessing Multivariate Normality (version 4.0) 2015. https:// mran.microsoft.com/snapshot/2016-08-05/web/packages/ MVN/vignettes/MVN.pdf. Accessed August 6, 2019.22. Baker F. Item Response Theory: Parameter Estimation Techniques. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 1992.23. Bryant F, Satorra A. Principles and practice of scaled difference chi-square testing. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal. 2012;19(3):372-398.24. Morata-Ramírez M, Holgado-Tello FP. Construct validity of likert scales through confirmatory factor analysis: A simulation study comparing different methods of estimation based on Pearson and polychoric correlations. International Journal of Social Science Studies. 2013;1(1):54-61.25. İnal EE, Demİrcİ k, Çetİntürk A, et al. Effects of smartphone overuse on hand function, pinch strength, and the median nerve. Muscle Nerve. 2015;52(2):183-188.26. Xie Y, Szeto GP, Dai J, Madeleine P. A comparison of muscle activity in using touchscreen smartphone among young people with and without chronic neck-shoulder pain. Ergonomics. 2016;59(1):61-72.27. Elhai JD, Levine JC, Dvorak RD, Hall BJ. Non-social features of smartphone use are most related to depression, anxiety and problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior. 2017;69:75-82.28. Kim MH, Min S, Ahn JS, et al. Association between high adolescent smartphone use and academic impairment, conflicts with family members or friends, and suicide attempts. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0219831.29. Samaha M, Hawi NS. Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior. 2016;57:321-325.30. Karki S, Singh JP, PaudelG, et al.Howaddicted are newly admitted undergraduate medical students to smartphones? a crosssectional study from Chitwan medical college, Nepal. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):95.31. Alsalameh AM, Harisi MJ, Alduayji MA, et al. Evaluating the relationship between smartphone addiction/overuse and musculoskeletal pain among medical students at Qassim University. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(9):2953- 2959.32. Baabdullah A, Bokhary D, Kabli Y, et al. The association between smartphone addiction and thumb/wrist pain: A crosssectional study. Medicine. 2020;99(10):e19124.33. Araiza-Alba P, Keane T, Chen WS, Kaufman J. Immersive virtual reality as a tool to learn problem-solving skills. Computers & Education. 2021;164:104121.34. UNESCO Education Sector. A Landscape Review: Digital Inclusion for Low-Skilled and Low-Literate People. Paris, France: UNESCO; 2018.35. Sfendla A, Laita M, Nejjar B, et al. Reliability of the Arabic Smartphone Addiction Scale and Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short version in two different Moroccan samples. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2018;21(5):325-332.36. Haug S, Castro RP, Kwon M, et al. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(4):299-307.desempeño académicocomportamiento adictivoestudiantes de odontologíaeducaciónadicción a internetacademic performanceaddictive behaviordental studentseducationinternet addictionSmartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional studyArtículos Científicoshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionNINGUNAinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbPublicationORIGINAL2021_Mafla_Smart.pdf2021_Mafla_Smart.pdfArtículo_Smartapplication/pdf255797https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/74e5bb12-a286-41f9-94ff-55b9528aa935/download6590437d0ca7ef8726428df5745eac6eMD532021_Mafla_Smart_LicenciaUso.pdf2021_Mafla_Smart_LicenciaUso.pdfLicencia_Uso_Smartapplication/pdf197134https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/de428ee8-10a2-4750-9f5c-f796dd5447cd/download083d56c3023963ba1f8cb2a6e333b801MD54LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/7d1da94e-5bde-49ec-b91b-5b0e3366998c/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD55THUMBNAIL2021_Mafla_Smart.pdf.jpg2021_Mafla_Smart.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg6197https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/f73331d0-4168-40cc-9698-bdcaf4c68dff/downloadd2e47c621873506139abcd240029e43cMD562021_Mafla_Smart_LicenciaUso.pdf.jpg2021_Mafla_Smart_LicenciaUso.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5131https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/a562b4a4-f0de-42d6-a2cb-5b41464a8530/downloadb3e491dd0b38557d60f0492c6954ec6aMD57TEXT2021_Mafla_Smart.pdf.txt2021_Mafla_Smart.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain32282https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/c8c87535-be99-421f-a814-3e0bfc989782/download1e2de777d2dc18e912743ff627c6c1e4MD582021_Mafla_Smart_LicenciaUso.pdf.txt2021_Mafla_Smart_LicenciaUso.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain6263https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/d1904772-ddac-48e0-a6cc-8721189a2682/downloadcc5e0ab17376fd98513f13abef727ca8MD5920.500.12494/46657oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/466572024-08-10 22:47:28.409restrictedhttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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

Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study

Publicaciones similares