Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in Colombia
The family Tymoviridae comprises positive-sense RNA viruses, which mainly infect plants. Recently, a few Tymoviridae-like viruses have been found in mosquitoes, which feed on vertebrate sources. We describe a novel Tymoviridae-like virus, putatively named, Guachaca virus (GUAV), isolated from Culex...
- Autores:
-
Laiton Donato, Katherine
Guzmán Camila
Perdomo Balaguera, Erick
Sarmiento, Ladys
Torres Fernández, Orlando
Ruiz, Hector Alejandro
Rosales Munar, Alicia
Peláez Carvajal, Dioselina
Navas, Maria Cristina
Wong, Matthew C.
Junglen, Sandra
Ajami, Nadim J.
Parra Henao, Gabriel
Usme Ciro, José Aldemar
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UCC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/55528
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/55528
- Palabra clave:
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
id |
COOPER2_6481a0c08a68a49af1137a53688a17f0 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/55528 |
network_acronym_str |
COOPER2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio UCC |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in Colombia |
title |
Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in Colombia |
spellingShingle |
Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in Colombia |
title_short |
Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in Colombia |
title_full |
Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in Colombia |
title_fullStr |
Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in Colombia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in Colombia |
title_sort |
Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in Colombia |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Laiton Donato, Katherine Guzmán Camila Perdomo Balaguera, Erick Sarmiento, Ladys Torres Fernández, Orlando Ruiz, Hector Alejandro Rosales Munar, Alicia Peláez Carvajal, Dioselina Navas, Maria Cristina Wong, Matthew C. Junglen, Sandra Ajami, Nadim J. Parra Henao, Gabriel Usme Ciro, José Aldemar |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Laiton Donato, Katherine Guzmán Camila Perdomo Balaguera, Erick Sarmiento, Ladys Torres Fernández, Orlando Ruiz, Hector Alejandro Rosales Munar, Alicia Peláez Carvajal, Dioselina Navas, Maria Cristina Wong, Matthew C. Junglen, Sandra Ajami, Nadim J. Parra Henao, Gabriel Usme Ciro, José Aldemar |
dc.contributor.researchgroup.none.fl_str_mv |
CIST-Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico |
description |
The family Tymoviridae comprises positive-sense RNA viruses, which mainly infect plants. Recently, a few Tymoviridae-like viruses have been found in mosquitoes, which feed on vertebrate sources. We describe a novel Tymoviridae-like virus, putatively named, Guachaca virus (GUAV), isolated from Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus species of mosquitoes and collected in the rural area of Santa Marta, Colombia. After a cytopathic effect was observed in C6/36 cells, RNA was extracted and processed through the NetoVIR next-generation sequencing protocol, and data were analyzed through the VirMAP pipeline. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of the GUAV was achieved using a 5'/3' RACE, transmission electron microscopy, amplification in vertebrate cells, and phylogenetic analysis. A cytopathic effect was observed in C6/36 cells three days post-infection. The GUAV genome was successfully assembled, and its polyadenylated 3' end was corroborated. GUAV shared only 54.9% amino acid identity with its closest relative, Ek Balam virus, and was grouped with the latter and other unclassified insect-associated tymoviruses in a phylogenetic analysis. GUAV is a new member of a family previously described as comprising plant-infecting viruses, which seem to infect and replicate in mosquitoes. The sugar- and blood-feeding behavior of the Culex spp., implies a sustained contact with plants and vertebrates and justifies further studies to unravel the ecological scenario for transmission. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-04-13 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-05-06T21:32:15Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-05-06T21:32:15Z |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Artículo |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv |
Laiton-Donato K, Guzmán C, Perdomo Balaguera E, Sarmiento L, Torres Fernandez O, Ruiz HA, Rosales Munar A, Peláez Carvajal D, Navas MC, Wong MC, Junglen S, Ajami NJ, Parra-Henao G, Usme-Ciro JA. 2023. Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in Colombia. Viruses 15(4):953. doi: 10.3390/v15040953.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/55528 |
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv |
1999-4915 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/55528 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
doi.org/10.3390/v15040953 |
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv |
1999-4915 |
identifier_str_mv |
Laiton-Donato K, Guzmán C, Perdomo Balaguera E, Sarmiento L, Torres Fernandez O, Ruiz HA, Rosales Munar A, Peláez Carvajal D, Navas MC, Wong MC, Junglen S, Ajami NJ, Parra-Henao G, Usme-Ciro JA. 2023. Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in Colombia. Viruses 15(4):953. doi: 10.3390/v15040953.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/55528 1999-4915 doi.org/10.3390/v15040953 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/55528 |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.citationedition.none.fl_str_mv |
953 |
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv |
13 |
dc.relation.citationissue.none.fl_str_mv |
4 |
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv |
1 |
dc.relation.citationvolume.none.fl_str_mv |
15 |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv |
Viruses |
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Martelli G.P., Sabanadzovic S., Abou-Ghanem Sabanadzovic N., Edwards M.C., Dreher T. The family Tymoviridae. Arch. Virol. 2002;147:1837–1846. doi: 10.1007/s007050200045. Ahlquist P. Parallels among positive-strand RNA viruses, reverse-transcribing viruses and double-stranded RNA viruses. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2006;4:371–382. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1389. Elbeaino T., Digiaro M., Martelli G.P. Complete sequence of Fig fleck-associated virus, a novel member of the family Tymoviridae. Virus Res. 2011;161:198–202. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.07.022. Dreher T.W. Turnip yellow mosaic virus: Transfer RNA mimicry, chloroplasts and a C-rich genome. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2004;5:367–375. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00236.x. Hogenhout S.A., Ammar E.-D., Whitfield A.E., Redinbaugh M.G. Insect Vector Interactions with Persistently Transmitted Viruses. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2008;46:327–359. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.022508.092135. Dietzgen R., Mann K., Johnson K. Plant Virus–Insect Vector Interactions: Current and Potential Future Research Directions. Viruses. 2016;8:303. doi: 10.3390/v8110303. Foster W.A. Mosquito Sugar Feeding and Reproductive Energetics. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1995;40:443–474. doi: 10.1146/annurev.en.40.010195.002303. Batson J., Dudas G., Haas-Stapleton E., Kistler A.L., Li L.M., Logan P., Ratnasiri K., Retallack H. Single mosquito metatranscriptomics identifies vectors, emerging pathogens and reservoirs in one assay. Elife. 2021;10:e68353. doi: 10.7554/eLife.68353. Faizah A.N., Kobayashi D., Isawa H., Amoa-Bosompem M., Murota K., Higa Y., Futami K., Shimada S., Kim K.S., Itokawa K., et al. Deciphering the Virome of Culex vishnui Subgroup Mosquitoes, the Major Vectors of Japanese Encephalitis, in Japan. Viruses. 2020;12:264. doi: 10.3390/v12030264. Frey K.G., Biser T., Hamilton T., Santos C.J., Pimentel G., Mokashi V.P., Bishop-Lilly K.A. Bioinformatic Characterization of Mosquito Viromes within the Eastern United States and Puerto Rico: Discovery of Novel Viruses. Evol. Bioinform. Online. 2016;12:1–12. doi: 10.4137/EBO.S38518. |
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.creativecommons.none.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International |
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
13 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina, Santa Marta |
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv |
Externo |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina, Santa Marta |
institution |
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/6a5eed86-5231-4a61-b643-53d5c78507d2/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/ae842094-f68a-420e-a12a-80516a9d9aff/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/5625707a-4473-47af-91cc-8a1edab42b3e/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/57982df1-8f8a-4c8a-8ec9-d70639e2452b/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/ab59058a-5d7b-4c73-8a18-129e1f9576b6/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/9b1a728d-2e2c-4e5e-be3b-19b654e890b4/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/6ff12c03-ffd3-4478-822e-79b9cc6cf23d/download https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/e29f7017-cdab-4b0a-b05c-5cea2e5ad7cd/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
e0ccd3ac6d63430541a88912b82a1e6e 336a46ca69e6184fbe9ad977c13e7ee5 4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45 010e979b78d8009d567ca06cfd1bca2b 9ac1a7be3cdff1450a7e3d158027d3ea f9ad87cfc6c1310f0697c1d35a00dc1f 3541b01f03a8fd7da135b2aa1d33f2d8 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdigital@metabiblioteca.com |
_version_ |
1814247182669185024 |
spelling |
Laiton Donato, KatherineGuzmán CamilaPerdomo Balaguera, ErickSarmiento, LadysTorres Fernández, OrlandoRuiz, Hector AlejandroRosales Munar, AliciaPeláez Carvajal, DioselinaNavas, Maria CristinaWong, Matthew C.Junglen, SandraAjami, Nadim J.Parra Henao, GabrielUsme Ciro, José AldemarCIST-Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico2024-05-06T21:32:15Z2024-05-06T21:32:15Z2023-04-13Laiton-Donato K, Guzmán C, Perdomo Balaguera E, Sarmiento L, Torres Fernandez O, Ruiz HA, Rosales Munar A, Peláez Carvajal D, Navas MC, Wong MC, Junglen S, Ajami NJ, Parra-Henao G, Usme-Ciro JA. 2023. Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in Colombia. Viruses 15(4):953. doi: 10.3390/v15040953.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/555281999-4915https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/55528doi.org/10.3390/v150409531999-4915The family Tymoviridae comprises positive-sense RNA viruses, which mainly infect plants. Recently, a few Tymoviridae-like viruses have been found in mosquitoes, which feed on vertebrate sources. We describe a novel Tymoviridae-like virus, putatively named, Guachaca virus (GUAV), isolated from Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus species of mosquitoes and collected in the rural area of Santa Marta, Colombia. After a cytopathic effect was observed in C6/36 cells, RNA was extracted and processed through the NetoVIR next-generation sequencing protocol, and data were analyzed through the VirMAP pipeline. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of the GUAV was achieved using a 5'/3' RACE, transmission electron microscopy, amplification in vertebrate cells, and phylogenetic analysis. A cytopathic effect was observed in C6/36 cells three days post-infection. The GUAV genome was successfully assembled, and its polyadenylated 3' end was corroborated. GUAV shared only 54.9% amino acid identity with its closest relative, Ek Balam virus, and was grouped with the latter and other unclassified insect-associated tymoviruses in a phylogenetic analysis. GUAV is a new member of a family previously described as comprising plant-infecting viruses, which seem to infect and replicate in mosquitoes. The sugar- and blood-feeding behavior of the Culex spp., implies a sustained contact with plants and vertebrates and justifies further studies to unravel the ecological scenario for transmission.Minciencias13 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina, Santa MartaExternohttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Novel Putative Tymoviridae-like Virus Isolated from Culex Mosquitoes in ColombiaArtículohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion953134115VirusesMartelli G.P., Sabanadzovic S., Abou-Ghanem Sabanadzovic N., Edwards M.C., Dreher T. The family Tymoviridae. Arch. Virol. 2002;147:1837–1846. doi: 10.1007/s007050200045.Ahlquist P. Parallels among positive-strand RNA viruses, reverse-transcribing viruses and double-stranded RNA viruses. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2006;4:371–382. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1389.Elbeaino T., Digiaro M., Martelli G.P. Complete sequence of Fig fleck-associated virus, a novel member of the family Tymoviridae. Virus Res. 2011;161:198–202. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.07.022.Dreher T.W. Turnip yellow mosaic virus: Transfer RNA mimicry, chloroplasts and a C-rich genome. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2004;5:367–375. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00236.x.Hogenhout S.A., Ammar E.-D., Whitfield A.E., Redinbaugh M.G. Insect Vector Interactions with Persistently Transmitted Viruses. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2008;46:327–359. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.022508.092135.Dietzgen R., Mann K., Johnson K. Plant Virus–Insect Vector Interactions: Current and Potential Future Research Directions. Viruses. 2016;8:303. doi: 10.3390/v8110303.Foster W.A. Mosquito Sugar Feeding and Reproductive Energetics. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1995;40:443–474. doi: 10.1146/annurev.en.40.010195.002303.Batson J., Dudas G., Haas-Stapleton E., Kistler A.L., Li L.M., Logan P., Ratnasiri K., Retallack H. Single mosquito metatranscriptomics identifies vectors, emerging pathogens and reservoirs in one assay. Elife. 2021;10:e68353. doi: 10.7554/eLife.68353.Faizah A.N., Kobayashi D., Isawa H., Amoa-Bosompem M., Murota K., Higa Y., Futami K., Shimada S., Kim K.S., Itokawa K., et al. Deciphering the Virome of Culex vishnui Subgroup Mosquitoes, the Major Vectors of Japanese Encephalitis, in Japan. Viruses. 2020;12:264. doi: 10.3390/v12030264.Frey K.G., Biser T., Hamilton T., Santos C.J., Pimentel G., Mokashi V.P., Bishop-Lilly K.A. Bioinformatic Characterization of Mosquito Viromes within the Eastern United States and Puerto Rico: Discovery of Novel Viruses. Evol. Bioinform. Online. 2016;12:1–12. doi: 10.4137/EBO.S38518.PublicationMinciencias 210477757671Expedición virológica en ecosistemas representativos de Colombia: selva húmeda tropical de la Sierra Nevada de Santa MartaORIGINAL2023_Articulo.pdf2023_Articulo.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf2216288https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/6a5eed86-5231-4a61-b643-53d5c78507d2/downloade0ccd3ac6d63430541a88912b82a1e6eMD512023_Licencia_Uso.pdf2023_Licencia_Uso.pdfLicencia de usoapplication/pdf200423https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/ae842094-f68a-420e-a12a-80516a9d9aff/download336a46ca69e6184fbe9ad977c13e7ee5MD55CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/5625707a-4473-47af-91cc-8a1edab42b3e/download4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD53LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/57982df1-8f8a-4c8a-8ec9-d70639e2452b/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD54TEXT2023_Articulo.pdf.txt2023_Articulo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain54752https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/ab59058a-5d7b-4c73-8a18-129e1f9576b6/download010e979b78d8009d567ca06cfd1bca2bMD562023_Licencia_Uso.pdf.txt2023_Licencia_Uso.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain5794https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/9b1a728d-2e2c-4e5e-be3b-19b654e890b4/download9ac1a7be3cdff1450a7e3d158027d3eaMD58THUMBNAIL2023_Articulo.pdf.jpg2023_Articulo.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15049https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/6ff12c03-ffd3-4478-822e-79b9cc6cf23d/downloadf9ad87cfc6c1310f0697c1d35a00dc1fMD572023_Licencia_Uso.pdf.jpg2023_Licencia_Uso.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg12740https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/e29f7017-cdab-4b0a-b05c-5cea2e5ad7cd/download3541b01f03a8fd7da135b2aa1d33f2d8MD5920.500.12494/55528oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/555282024-08-10 22:47:05.697http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalopen.accesshttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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 |