Discusión frente a la terapeutica topica y sistemica en dermatofitosis canina

La dermatofitosis es una de las enfermedades infectocontagiosas más importantes y frecuentes que se presentan en clínicas veterinarias, la cual afecta los tejidos queratinizados, uñas, pelo y estrato corneo de la piel. La mayor parte de los casos son causados por los géneros Microsporum y Trichophyt...

Full description

Autores:
Morales Garzón , Lizeth Pauline
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
Idioma:
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/52088
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/52088
Palabra clave:
Dermatofitosis
Tratamiento
Tópico
Sistémico
Antifúngicos
TG 2023 MVZ 52088
Treatment
Dermatophytosis
Topic
Systemic
Antifungals
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
id COOPER2_63412d08abe4ccbc4f2bb44df72dc366
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/52088
network_acronym_str COOPER2
network_name_str Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Discusión frente a la terapeutica topica y sistemica en dermatofitosis canina
title Discusión frente a la terapeutica topica y sistemica en dermatofitosis canina
spellingShingle Discusión frente a la terapeutica topica y sistemica en dermatofitosis canina
Dermatofitosis
Tratamiento
Tópico
Sistémico
Antifúngicos
TG 2023 MVZ 52088
Treatment
Dermatophytosis
Topic
Systemic
Antifungals
title_short Discusión frente a la terapeutica topica y sistemica en dermatofitosis canina
title_full Discusión frente a la terapeutica topica y sistemica en dermatofitosis canina
title_fullStr Discusión frente a la terapeutica topica y sistemica en dermatofitosis canina
title_full_unstemmed Discusión frente a la terapeutica topica y sistemica en dermatofitosis canina
title_sort Discusión frente a la terapeutica topica y sistemica en dermatofitosis canina
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Morales Garzón , Lizeth Pauline
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Plazas Hernández, Fernely Augusto
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Morales Garzón , Lizeth Pauline
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Dermatofitosis
Tratamiento
Tópico
Sistémico
Antifúngicos
topic Dermatofitosis
Tratamiento
Tópico
Sistémico
Antifúngicos
TG 2023 MVZ 52088
Treatment
Dermatophytosis
Topic
Systemic
Antifungals
dc.subject.classification.none.fl_str_mv TG 2023 MVZ 52088
dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv Treatment
Dermatophytosis
Topic
Systemic
Antifungals
description La dermatofitosis es una de las enfermedades infectocontagiosas más importantes y frecuentes que se presentan en clínicas veterinarias, la cual afecta los tejidos queratinizados, uñas, pelo y estrato corneo de la piel. La mayor parte de los casos son causados por los géneros Microsporum y Trichophyton, de acuerdo con su habitad se clasifican como antropofílicos, geofílicos o zoofílicos. Esta patología se transmite por contacto directo con un animal infectado o por fómites, produce descamación, alopecia, enrojecimiento e inflamación. La dermatofitosis es catalogada como una enfermedad zoonótica, es decir que puede infectar al humano. Existen diferentes tratamientos para combatir la dermatofitosis y recopilando la perspectiva de diferentes autores, incluyendo estudios y experimentos realizados a través de los años, comparando y confrontando sus diferentes hipótesis. Varios autores están de acuerdo que principalmente se debe tener en cuenta la especie, los factores de virulencia de la cepa y factores en el huésped (edad, genética, microclima de la piel y enfermedades) para llegar a un adecuado tratamiento, así mismo elegir entre una terapéutica tópica, sistémica o una combinación de ambas. La griseofulvina es uno de los fungistáticos más usados sistémicamente en medicina veterinaria, seguido por el ketoconazol e itraconazol, A su vez los antifúngicos tópicos más relevantes son Enilconazol, azufre de cal y clorhexidina.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-19T14:12:42Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-19T14:12:42Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-18
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/52088
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.none.fl_str_mv Morales Garzón, L. P. (2023). Discusión frente a la terapéutica tópica y sistémica en dermatofitosis canina. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/52088
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/52088
identifier_str_mv Morales Garzón, L. P. (2023). Discusión frente a la terapéutica tópica y sistémica en dermatofitosis canina. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/52088
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Romero C, González M. Actualidades de la dermatofitosis en perros y gatos. vanguardia veterinaria; 2022. [internet] https://Www.Vanguardiaveterinaria.Com.Mx/Dermatofitosis-En-Perros-Y-Gatos
Instituto for internacional dermatofitosis. The center for food security & public Healt ;2005.
Molina D. Aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos de las dermatofitosis. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin; 2011.
Boehm T., Mueller R; Dermatophytosis In dogs and cats an update. 2019 Aug 21 Available From: Https://Europepmc.Org/Article/Med/31434126
Cruz C.; Importancia Zoonótica De Las Dermatofitosis En Caninos Y Felinos; 2012 Available From: Https://Repository.Javeriana.Edu.Co/Handle/10554/10379
Rómulo R, Zamora Z, Fernández L. Los Dermatofitos una amenaza zoonótica, Características Generales, Aspectos Clínicos Para Cada Especie; Revista Cenic Ciencias Biológicas. 2022 Available From: Http://Scielo.Sld.Cu/Scielo.Php?Script=Sci_Arttext&Pid=S2221-24502022000100020
Moriello K, Coyner K, Paterson S, Mignon B.; Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis In dogs And Cats. ;2017 Jun 1 Available From: Https://Onlinelibrary.Wiley.Com/Doi/Full/10.1111/Vde.12440
Duclos D. Dermatophytosis. Bsava Manual Of Canine And Feline Dermatology ;2012 Available From: Https://Www.Bsavalibrary.Com/Content/Chapter/10.22233/9781905319886.Chap24
Gnat S, Łagowski D, Nowakiewicz A, Osińska M, Kopiński Ł. population differentiation, antifungal susceptibility, and Host range of trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates causing recalcitrant infections in humans and animals. available From: Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10096-020-03952-2
Valdivia L. La dermatofitosis: Clínica, Diagnóstico Y Tratamiento [Internet]. Dermatol Peru . 2003 [Cited 2023 Jan 22]. Available From: Https://Sisbib.Unmsm.Edu.Pe/Bvrevistas/Dermatologia/V13_N1/Derma_Clini.Htm
Velandia M. Dermatophytoses In Dogs And Cats | Today’s Veterinary Practice 2017 [Internet]. Available From: Https://Todaysveterinarypractice.Com/Dermatology/Dermatophytoses-In-Dogs-And-Cats/
Harvey R, Mckeever P. Enfermedades De La Piel En Perro Y Gato. GRASS Edicions. 2001
Mattei A, Beber M, Madrid I. Dermatophytosis In Small Animals. 2014 [Cited 2017]; Available From: Www.Symbiosisonline. Orgwww.Symbiosisonlinepublishing.Com
Moriello K. Feline Dermatophytosis: Aspects pertinent to disease management In Single And multiple Cat situations [Internet]. journal of feline medicine and surgery 2014 [Cited 2022May 8]. Available From: Https://Sci-Hub.Se/10.1177/1098612x14530215
Esccap. Control De Las Micosis Superficiales En Perros Y Gatos. Guía Esccap No 2 (1a Edición). 2015
Costa M, Passos X, Hasimoto E, Souza L, Miranda A, Lemos J , Oliveira J. Epidemiologia etiologia das dermatofitoses em goiânia, go, Brasil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop [Internet]. 2002 [Cited 2023 Jan 25];35(1):19–22. Available From: Http://Www.Scielo.Br/J/Rsbmt/A/Kmqywh48l9xqj84yrynw4wj/Abstract/?Lang=Pt
Viguié-Vallanet C, Paugam A, Blasco M. Sección Permanente Latinoamericana Dermatofitos Transmitidos Por Animales. 2016
Greene C. Veterinary Quarterly Diagnosis, Therapy, And Prevention Of Common Infectious Diseases In The Dog. [Cited 2021 Jun 10]; Available From: Https://Www.Tandfonline.Com/Action/Journalinformation?Journalcode=Tveq20
Bond R, Middleton D, Scarff D, Lamport A. Chronic Dermatophytosis Due To Microsporum Persicolor Infection In Three Dogs. Journal Of Small Animal Practice [Internet]. 1992 Dec 1. Available From: Https://Onlinelibrary.Wiley.Com/Doi/Full/10.1111/J.1748-5827.1992.Tb01059.X
Uribe P, Cardona N. Mecanismos De Adherencia E Invasión De Dermatofitos A La Piel. Ces Medicina [Internet]. 2013 [Cited 2023 Jan 25];27(1):67–75. Available From: Http://Www.Scielo.Org.Co/Scielo.Php?Script=Sci_Arttext&Pid=S0120-87052013000100007&Lng=En&Nrm=Iso&Tlng=Es
White-Weithers N, Medleau L. Evaluation Of Topical Therapies For The Treatment Of Dermatophyte-Infected Hairs From Dogs And Cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc [Internet]. 1995 [Cited 2023 Jan 25];31(3):250–3. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/7634061/
Carlotti D. Veterinary Quarterly Canine And Feline Superficial Fungal Skin Infections. [Cited 2023 Jan 23]; Available From: Https://Www.Tandfonline.Com/Action/Journalinformation?Journalcode=Tveq20
Nam H, Kim T, Han S, Hyun C. Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of medical shampoo containing terbinafine hydrochloride and chlorhexidine In dogs With dermatophytosis complicated with bacterial Infection. J Biomed Res [Internet]. 2013 [Cited 2023 Jan 24];154–9. Available From: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/
Márquez S. Cambios Entransaminasas hepáticas inducidas por ketoconazol en tratamiento de dermatofitosis en canis familiaris,distrito de trujillo. Universidad privada Antenor Orrego facultad de ciencias agrariasescuela profesional de Medicina veterinaria y zootecnia. 2016
Da Costa B, Pippi B, Berlitz S, Carvalho A, Teixeira M, Külkamp-Guerreiro I. Evaluation of activity and toxicity of combining clioquinol with ciclopirox and terbinafine in alternative models of dermatophytosis. mycoses [Internet]. 2021 Jul Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/33772895/
D Thienpont. Ketoconazole in experimental candidosis. 1980 [Internet]. [Cited 2023 Jan 25]. Available From: Https://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/4452462
De Keyser H, Van Den Brande M. Veterinary Quarterly Ketoconazole In The Treatment Of Dermatomycosis In Cats And Dogs. [Cited 2023 Jan 24]; Available From: Https://Www.Tandfonline.Com/Action/Journalinformation?Journalcode=Tveq20
Mejia M, Bedoya G. Descripción de la eficacia del extracto de anamú (Petiveria Alliacea) para el tratamiento antifúngico (Dermatofitosis Canina).
Avepa formacion continuada. problemas dermatológicos “Evitemos Caer En La Rutina.” 2013.
Grant S, Clissold S. Itraconazole. A Review Of Its Pharmacodynamic And Pharmacokinetic Properties, And Therapeutic Use In Superficial And Systemic Mycoses. Drugs. 1989
Willems L, Van Der Geest R, De Beule K. Itraconazole Oral Solution And Intravenous Formulations: A Review Of Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics. J Clin Pharm Ther [Internet]. 2001 [Cited 2023 Jan 24];26(3):159–69. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/11422598
Mawby D, Whittemore J, Genger S, Papich M. Bioequivalence Of Orally Administered Generic, Compounded, And Innovator-Formulated Itraconazole In Healthy Dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2014;28(1):72–7
Sun D, Kang E, Beom Ss, Jun H, Lee Sh, Lee Kc, Et Al. Interspecies Comparison Of The Oral Absorption Of Itraconazole In Laboratory Animals. Arch Pharm Res [Internet]. 2002 Jun 30 [Cited 2023 Jan 24];25(3):387–91. Available From: Https://Link.Springer.Com/Article/10.1007/Bf02976644
Legendre A, Rohrbach B, Toal R, Rinaldi M, Grace L, Jones J. Treatment Of Blastomycosis With Itraconazole In 112 Dogs. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 1996 [Cited 2023 Jan 24];10(6):365–71. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/8947868/
Van Cauteren H, Heykants J, De Coster R, Cauwenbergh G. Itraconazole: Pharmacologic Studies In Animals And Humans. Rev Infect Dis [Internet]. 1987 [Cited 2023 Jan 24];9 Suppl 1. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/3027845/
Yamada C, Hasegawa A, Pal M, Ono K, Kitamura C, Takahashi H. Trichophyton Rubrum Infection In A Dog. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi. 1991 Jan 15;32(1):67–71.
Oxford A, Raistrick H, Simonart P. Studies In The Biochemistry Of Micro-Organisms: Griseofulvin, C(17)H(17)O(6)Cl, A Metabolic Product Of Penicillium Griseo-Fulvum Dierckx. Biochem J [Internet]. 1939 Feb 1 [Cited 2023 Jan 24];33(2):240–8. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/16746904/
Nall Eg. Biochemical Studies On The Metabolism Of Griseofulvin. Ama Arch Derm [Internet]. 1960 May 1 Available From: Https://Jamanetwork.Com/Journals/Jamadermatology/Fullarticle/526226
Di Williams. Oral Treatment Of Ringworm With Griseofulvin. 1958 [Internet]. Available From: Https://Sci-Hub.Ru/10.1016/S0140-6736(58)92363-8
Perea S, Fothergill Aw, Sutton Da, Rinaldi Mg. Comparison Of In Vitro Activities Of Voriconazole And Five Established Antifungal Agents Against Different Species Of Dermatophytes Using A Broth Macrodilution Method. J Clin Microbiol [Internet]. 2001 Available From: Https://Journals.Asm.Org/Doi/10.1128/Jcm.39.1.385-388.2001
Hofbauer B, Leitner I, Ryder Ns. In Vitro Susceptibility Of Microsporum Canis And Other Dermatophyte Isolates From Veterinary Infections During Therapy With Terbinafine Or Griseofulvin. Med Mycol [Internet]. 2002 [Cited 2023 Jan 25];40(2):179–83. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/12058731/
J. Riviere, M. Papich. (Pdf) Veterinary Pharmacology And Therapeutics- [Internet]. Vet Help - Academia.Edu. 2017 [Cited 2023 May 8]. Available From: Https://Www.Academia.Edu/45666571/Veterinary_Pharmacology_And_Therapeutics_J_Riviere_M_Papich
Luis J, Cossio R. Falla Terapeutica De Dermatofitosis Canina Y Felina. Escuela Universitaria Posgrado Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias. 2021
Vanden Bossche H, Engelen M, Rochette F. Antifungal Agents Of Use In Animal Health – Chemical, Biochemical And Pharmacological Aspects. J Vet Pharmacol Ther [Internet]. 2003 . Available From: Https://Onlinelibrary.Wiley.Com/Doi/Full/10.1046/J.1365-2885.2003.00456.X
Cabañes Fj. Micosis Y Zoonosis: Cryptococcus Spp. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2008 Mar 1;25(1):S1–3.
Inga Villanueva Cm. Tintura De Ajo (Allium Sativum) Como Tratamiento De Dermatofitosis En Perros (Canis Lupus Familiaris). 2014 Available From: Https://Repositorio.Uap.Edu.Pe/Xmlui/Handle/20.500.12990/2451
Wildfeuer, H, Seid, I, Paule A, Haberreiter. In Vitroevaluation Of Voriconazole Against Clinical Isolates Of Yeasts, Moulds And Dermatophytes In Comparison With Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Amphotericin B And Griseofulvin. [Internet]. 2015 .Available From: Https://Sci-Hub.Ru/10.1111/J.1439-0507.1998.Tb00344.X
Concepción R., Castro L, Martínez S. Artículos De Revisión Efectos Terapéuticos Del Ajo (Allium Sativum). 2016
Yang C, Li L, Yang L, Lu H, Wang S, Sun G. Anti-Obesity And Hypolipidemic Effects Of Garlic Oil And Onion Oil In Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet. Nutr Metab (Lond) [Internet]. 2018 Jun 20 Available From: Https://Nutritionandmetabolism.Biomedcentral.Com/Articles/10.1186/S12986-018-0275-X
Gail Mh, You Wc. A Factorial Trial Including Garlic Supplements Assesses Effect In Reducing Precancerous Gastric Lesions. J Nutr [Internet]. 2006
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 19 p.
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, Ibagué
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Medicina veterinaria y zootecnia
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv Ibagué
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, Ibagué
institution Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/b190cddf-2525-41cf-98b9-286ec82f1c46/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/8c81b64d-f1aa-4739-9137-4952b7539970/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/3d12ef29-43ec-470f-aaa7-487ab3d66599/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/31c095be-4776-4567-9349-f80a065bd4a0/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/2331b957-0d13-44a0-bff5-b4a5fc2cf6c5/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/65089ab6-a7b8-4f26-8028-7482e34b5a38/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4cc8adb8-b36e-4b8f-b800-5a083463b76e/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/3fc52afc-7628-48fd-9fb7-f62e2c229364/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/12103cc3-f0f5-4b08-8b17-323bb499e328/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/519f68ef-5e89-43c6-b22d-c339e32bcc74/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45
3551d44eddbf78722d5e670ba738736a
37f574632c9b8b468234f0d1fd56ca60
7a34c755cc8a357a816cbc71be69f8ad
e995622269ab1b9667a22b328994048c
241bb98acce323fa350cb29c4b2b50e8
d86aaf372b0c9a2c8637fa98b616bdbc
dc9379580ccfb2f1680a97a03791229a
6eaa0b6be7889906b4a12397e4fe6b84
f3b1f5eeda2c442bfcb0c1614bf8dd32
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
_version_ 1808789281232125952
spelling Plazas Hernández, Fernely AugustoMorales Garzón , Lizeth Pauline2023-07-19T14:12:42Z2023-07-19T14:12:42Z2023-07-18https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/52088Morales Garzón, L. P. (2023). Discusión frente a la terapéutica tópica y sistémica en dermatofitosis canina. [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/52088La dermatofitosis es una de las enfermedades infectocontagiosas más importantes y frecuentes que se presentan en clínicas veterinarias, la cual afecta los tejidos queratinizados, uñas, pelo y estrato corneo de la piel. La mayor parte de los casos son causados por los géneros Microsporum y Trichophyton, de acuerdo con su habitad se clasifican como antropofílicos, geofílicos o zoofílicos. Esta patología se transmite por contacto directo con un animal infectado o por fómites, produce descamación, alopecia, enrojecimiento e inflamación. La dermatofitosis es catalogada como una enfermedad zoonótica, es decir que puede infectar al humano. Existen diferentes tratamientos para combatir la dermatofitosis y recopilando la perspectiva de diferentes autores, incluyendo estudios y experimentos realizados a través de los años, comparando y confrontando sus diferentes hipótesis. Varios autores están de acuerdo que principalmente se debe tener en cuenta la especie, los factores de virulencia de la cepa y factores en el huésped (edad, genética, microclima de la piel y enfermedades) para llegar a un adecuado tratamiento, así mismo elegir entre una terapéutica tópica, sistémica o una combinación de ambas. La griseofulvina es uno de los fungistáticos más usados sistémicamente en medicina veterinaria, seguido por el ketoconazol e itraconazol, A su vez los antifúngicos tópicos más relevantes son Enilconazol, azufre de cal y clorhexidina.Dermatophytosis is one of the most important and frequent infectious diseases that occur in veterinary clinics, which affects keratinized tissues, nails, hair, and the stratum corneum of the skin. Most of the cases are caused by the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton, according to their habitat they are classified as anthropophilic, geophilic or zoophilic. This pathology is transmitted by direct contact with an infected animal or by fomites, it produces desquamation, alopecia, redness and inflammation. Dermatophytosis is classified as a zoonotic disease, that is, it can infect humans. There are different treatments to combat dermatophytosis and compiling the perspective of different authors, including studies and experiments carried out over the years, comparing and confronting their different hypotheses. Several authors agree that the species, the virulence factors of the strain and factors in the host (age, genetics, skin microclimate and diseases) must be taken into account in order to arrive at an adequate treatment, as well as choose between a topical, systemic therapy or a combination of both. Griseofulvin is one of the most systemically used fungistatic in veterinary medicine, followed by ketoconazole and itraconazole. In turn, the most relevant topical antifungals are Enilconazole, lime sulfur, chlorhexidine.Resumen. -- Introducción. -- Etiología. -- Discusión Frente A La Terapéutica. -- Conclusiones. -- Referencias.lizeth.moralesg@campusucc.edu.co19 p.Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, IbaguéMedicina veterinaria y zootecniaIbaguéDermatofitosisTratamientoTópicoSistémicoAntifúngicosTG 2023 MVZ 52088TreatmentDermatophytosisTopicSystemicAntifungalsDiscusión frente a la terapeutica topica y sistemica en dermatofitosis caninaTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAtribución – No comercial – Sin Derivarinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Romero C, González M. Actualidades de la dermatofitosis en perros y gatos. vanguardia veterinaria; 2022. [internet] https://Www.Vanguardiaveterinaria.Com.Mx/Dermatofitosis-En-Perros-Y-GatosInstituto for internacional dermatofitosis. The center for food security & public Healt ;2005.Molina D. Aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos de las dermatofitosis. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin; 2011.Boehm T., Mueller R; Dermatophytosis In dogs and cats an update. 2019 Aug 21 Available From: Https://Europepmc.Org/Article/Med/31434126Cruz C.; Importancia Zoonótica De Las Dermatofitosis En Caninos Y Felinos; 2012 Available From: Https://Repository.Javeriana.Edu.Co/Handle/10554/10379Rómulo R, Zamora Z, Fernández L. Los Dermatofitos una amenaza zoonótica, Características Generales, Aspectos Clínicos Para Cada Especie; Revista Cenic Ciencias Biológicas. 2022 Available From: Http://Scielo.Sld.Cu/Scielo.Php?Script=Sci_Arttext&Pid=S2221-24502022000100020Moriello K, Coyner K, Paterson S, Mignon B.; Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis In dogs And Cats. ;2017 Jun 1 Available From: Https://Onlinelibrary.Wiley.Com/Doi/Full/10.1111/Vde.12440Duclos D. Dermatophytosis. Bsava Manual Of Canine And Feline Dermatology ;2012 Available From: Https://Www.Bsavalibrary.Com/Content/Chapter/10.22233/9781905319886.Chap24Gnat S, Łagowski D, Nowakiewicz A, Osińska M, Kopiński Ł. population differentiation, antifungal susceptibility, and Host range of trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates causing recalcitrant infections in humans and animals. available From: Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10096-020-03952-2Valdivia L. La dermatofitosis: Clínica, Diagnóstico Y Tratamiento [Internet]. Dermatol Peru . 2003 [Cited 2023 Jan 22]. Available From: Https://Sisbib.Unmsm.Edu.Pe/Bvrevistas/Dermatologia/V13_N1/Derma_Clini.HtmVelandia M. Dermatophytoses In Dogs And Cats | Today’s Veterinary Practice 2017 [Internet]. Available From: Https://Todaysveterinarypractice.Com/Dermatology/Dermatophytoses-In-Dogs-And-Cats/Harvey R, Mckeever P. Enfermedades De La Piel En Perro Y Gato. GRASS Edicions. 2001Mattei A, Beber M, Madrid I. Dermatophytosis In Small Animals. 2014 [Cited 2017]; Available From: Www.Symbiosisonline. Orgwww.Symbiosisonlinepublishing.ComMoriello K. Feline Dermatophytosis: Aspects pertinent to disease management In Single And multiple Cat situations [Internet]. journal of feline medicine and surgery 2014 [Cited 2022May 8]. Available From: Https://Sci-Hub.Se/10.1177/1098612x14530215Esccap. Control De Las Micosis Superficiales En Perros Y Gatos. Guía Esccap No 2 (1a Edición). 2015Costa M, Passos X, Hasimoto E, Souza L, Miranda A, Lemos J , Oliveira J. Epidemiologia etiologia das dermatofitoses em goiânia, go, Brasil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop [Internet]. 2002 [Cited 2023 Jan 25];35(1):19–22. Available From: Http://Www.Scielo.Br/J/Rsbmt/A/Kmqywh48l9xqj84yrynw4wj/Abstract/?Lang=PtViguié-Vallanet C, Paugam A, Blasco M. Sección Permanente Latinoamericana Dermatofitos Transmitidos Por Animales. 2016Greene C. Veterinary Quarterly Diagnosis, Therapy, And Prevention Of Common Infectious Diseases In The Dog. [Cited 2021 Jun 10]; Available From: Https://Www.Tandfonline.Com/Action/Journalinformation?Journalcode=Tveq20Bond R, Middleton D, Scarff D, Lamport A. Chronic Dermatophytosis Due To Microsporum Persicolor Infection In Three Dogs. Journal Of Small Animal Practice [Internet]. 1992 Dec 1. Available From: Https://Onlinelibrary.Wiley.Com/Doi/Full/10.1111/J.1748-5827.1992.Tb01059.XUribe P, Cardona N. Mecanismos De Adherencia E Invasión De Dermatofitos A La Piel. Ces Medicina [Internet]. 2013 [Cited 2023 Jan 25];27(1):67–75. Available From: Http://Www.Scielo.Org.Co/Scielo.Php?Script=Sci_Arttext&Pid=S0120-87052013000100007&Lng=En&Nrm=Iso&Tlng=EsWhite-Weithers N, Medleau L. Evaluation Of Topical Therapies For The Treatment Of Dermatophyte-Infected Hairs From Dogs And Cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc [Internet]. 1995 [Cited 2023 Jan 25];31(3):250–3. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/7634061/Carlotti D. Veterinary Quarterly Canine And Feline Superficial Fungal Skin Infections. [Cited 2023 Jan 23]; Available From: Https://Www.Tandfonline.Com/Action/Journalinformation?Journalcode=Tveq20Nam H, Kim T, Han S, Hyun C. Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of medical shampoo containing terbinafine hydrochloride and chlorhexidine In dogs With dermatophytosis complicated with bacterial Infection. J Biomed Res [Internet]. 2013 [Cited 2023 Jan 24];154–9. Available From: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/Márquez S. Cambios Entransaminasas hepáticas inducidas por ketoconazol en tratamiento de dermatofitosis en canis familiaris,distrito de trujillo. Universidad privada Antenor Orrego facultad de ciencias agrariasescuela profesional de Medicina veterinaria y zootecnia. 2016Da Costa B, Pippi B, Berlitz S, Carvalho A, Teixeira M, Külkamp-Guerreiro I. Evaluation of activity and toxicity of combining clioquinol with ciclopirox and terbinafine in alternative models of dermatophytosis. mycoses [Internet]. 2021 Jul Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/33772895/D Thienpont. Ketoconazole in experimental candidosis. 1980 [Internet]. [Cited 2023 Jan 25]. Available From: Https://Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/4452462De Keyser H, Van Den Brande M. Veterinary Quarterly Ketoconazole In The Treatment Of Dermatomycosis In Cats And Dogs. [Cited 2023 Jan 24]; Available From: Https://Www.Tandfonline.Com/Action/Journalinformation?Journalcode=Tveq20Mejia M, Bedoya G. Descripción de la eficacia del extracto de anamú (Petiveria Alliacea) para el tratamiento antifúngico (Dermatofitosis Canina).Avepa formacion continuada. problemas dermatológicos “Evitemos Caer En La Rutina.” 2013.Grant S, Clissold S. Itraconazole. A Review Of Its Pharmacodynamic And Pharmacokinetic Properties, And Therapeutic Use In Superficial And Systemic Mycoses. Drugs. 1989Willems L, Van Der Geest R, De Beule K. Itraconazole Oral Solution And Intravenous Formulations: A Review Of Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics. J Clin Pharm Ther [Internet]. 2001 [Cited 2023 Jan 24];26(3):159–69. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/11422598Mawby D, Whittemore J, Genger S, Papich M. Bioequivalence Of Orally Administered Generic, Compounded, And Innovator-Formulated Itraconazole In Healthy Dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2014;28(1):72–7Sun D, Kang E, Beom Ss, Jun H, Lee Sh, Lee Kc, Et Al. Interspecies Comparison Of The Oral Absorption Of Itraconazole In Laboratory Animals. Arch Pharm Res [Internet]. 2002 Jun 30 [Cited 2023 Jan 24];25(3):387–91. Available From: Https://Link.Springer.Com/Article/10.1007/Bf02976644Legendre A, Rohrbach B, Toal R, Rinaldi M, Grace L, Jones J. Treatment Of Blastomycosis With Itraconazole In 112 Dogs. J Vet Intern Med [Internet]. 1996 [Cited 2023 Jan 24];10(6):365–71. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/8947868/Van Cauteren H, Heykants J, De Coster R, Cauwenbergh G. Itraconazole: Pharmacologic Studies In Animals And Humans. Rev Infect Dis [Internet]. 1987 [Cited 2023 Jan 24];9 Suppl 1. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/3027845/Yamada C, Hasegawa A, Pal M, Ono K, Kitamura C, Takahashi H. Trichophyton Rubrum Infection In A Dog. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi. 1991 Jan 15;32(1):67–71.Oxford A, Raistrick H, Simonart P. Studies In The Biochemistry Of Micro-Organisms: Griseofulvin, C(17)H(17)O(6)Cl, A Metabolic Product Of Penicillium Griseo-Fulvum Dierckx. Biochem J [Internet]. 1939 Feb 1 [Cited 2023 Jan 24];33(2):240–8. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/16746904/Nall Eg. Biochemical Studies On The Metabolism Of Griseofulvin. Ama Arch Derm [Internet]. 1960 May 1 Available From: Https://Jamanetwork.Com/Journals/Jamadermatology/Fullarticle/526226Di Williams. Oral Treatment Of Ringworm With Griseofulvin. 1958 [Internet]. Available From: Https://Sci-Hub.Ru/10.1016/S0140-6736(58)92363-8Perea S, Fothergill Aw, Sutton Da, Rinaldi Mg. Comparison Of In Vitro Activities Of Voriconazole And Five Established Antifungal Agents Against Different Species Of Dermatophytes Using A Broth Macrodilution Method. J Clin Microbiol [Internet]. 2001 Available From: Https://Journals.Asm.Org/Doi/10.1128/Jcm.39.1.385-388.2001Hofbauer B, Leitner I, Ryder Ns. In Vitro Susceptibility Of Microsporum Canis And Other Dermatophyte Isolates From Veterinary Infections During Therapy With Terbinafine Or Griseofulvin. Med Mycol [Internet]. 2002 [Cited 2023 Jan 25];40(2):179–83. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/12058731/J. Riviere, M. Papich. (Pdf) Veterinary Pharmacology And Therapeutics- [Internet]. Vet Help - Academia.Edu. 2017 [Cited 2023 May 8]. Available From: Https://Www.Academia.Edu/45666571/Veterinary_Pharmacology_And_Therapeutics_J_Riviere_M_PapichLuis J, Cossio R. Falla Terapeutica De Dermatofitosis Canina Y Felina. Escuela Universitaria Posgrado Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias. 2021Vanden Bossche H, Engelen M, Rochette F. Antifungal Agents Of Use In Animal Health – Chemical, Biochemical And Pharmacological Aspects. J Vet Pharmacol Ther [Internet]. 2003 . Available From: Https://Onlinelibrary.Wiley.Com/Doi/Full/10.1046/J.1365-2885.2003.00456.XCabañes Fj. Micosis Y Zoonosis: Cryptococcus Spp. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2008 Mar 1;25(1):S1–3.Inga Villanueva Cm. Tintura De Ajo (Allium Sativum) Como Tratamiento De Dermatofitosis En Perros (Canis Lupus Familiaris). 2014 Available From: Https://Repositorio.Uap.Edu.Pe/Xmlui/Handle/20.500.12990/2451Wildfeuer, H, Seid, I, Paule A, Haberreiter. In Vitroevaluation Of Voriconazole Against Clinical Isolates Of Yeasts, Moulds And Dermatophytes In Comparison With Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Amphotericin B And Griseofulvin. [Internet]. 2015 .Available From: Https://Sci-Hub.Ru/10.1111/J.1439-0507.1998.Tb00344.XConcepción R., Castro L, Martínez S. Artículos De Revisión Efectos Terapéuticos Del Ajo (Allium Sativum). 2016Yang C, Li L, Yang L, Lu H, Wang S, Sun G. Anti-Obesity And Hypolipidemic Effects Of Garlic Oil And Onion Oil In Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet. Nutr Metab (Lond) [Internet]. 2018 Jun 20 Available From: Https://Nutritionandmetabolism.Biomedcentral.Com/Articles/10.1186/S12986-018-0275-XGail Mh, You Wc. A Factorial Trial Including Garlic Supplements Assesses Effect In Reducing Precancerous Gastric Lesions. J Nutr [Internet]. 2006PublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/b190cddf-2525-41cf-98b9-286ec82f1c46/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD51ORIGINAL2023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis.pdf2023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis.pdfTrabajo de gradoapplication/pdf187357https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/8c81b64d-f1aa-4739-9137-4952b7539970/download3551d44eddbf78722d5e670ba738736aMD522023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis-Acta.pdf2023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis-Acta.pdfActa de sustentaciónapplication/pdf124074https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/3d12ef29-43ec-470f-aaa7-487ab3d66599/download37f574632c9b8b468234f0d1fd56ca60MD532023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis-LicenciaUso.pdf2023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis-LicenciaUso.pdfLicencia de usoapplication/pdf193684https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/31c095be-4776-4567-9349-f80a065bd4a0/download7a34c755cc8a357a816cbc71be69f8adMD54TEXT2023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis.pdf.txt2023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain27772https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/2331b957-0d13-44a0-bff5-b4a5fc2cf6c5/downloade995622269ab1b9667a22b328994048cMD552023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis-Acta.pdf.txt2023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis-Acta.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1278https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/65089ab6-a7b8-4f26-8028-7482e34b5a38/download241bb98acce323fa350cb29c4b2b50e8MD572023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis-LicenciaUso.pdf.txt2023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis-LicenciaUso.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain5823https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/4cc8adb8-b36e-4b8f-b800-5a083463b76e/downloadd86aaf372b0c9a2c8637fa98b616bdbcMD59THUMBNAIL2023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis.pdf.jpg2023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg6956https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/3fc52afc-7628-48fd-9fb7-f62e2c229364/downloaddc9379580ccfb2f1680a97a03791229aMD562023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis-Acta.pdf.jpg2023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis-Acta.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg10638https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/12103cc3-f0f5-4b08-8b17-323bb499e328/download6eaa0b6be7889906b4a12397e4fe6b84MD582023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis-LicenciaUso.pdf.jpg2023_Morales_discusion_tratamiento_dermatofitosis-LicenciaUso.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg12781https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/519f68ef-5e89-43c6-b22d-c339e32bcc74/downloadf3b1f5eeda2c442bfcb0c1614bf8dd32MD51020.500.12494/52088oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/520882024-08-09 12:41:56.563open.accesshttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.comVU5JVkVSU0lEQUQgQ09PUEVSQVRJVkEgREUgQ09MT01CSUEKUkVQT1NJVE9SSU9TIElOU1RJVFVDSU9OQUxFUwpMSUNFTkNJQSBERSBVU08KClBvciBtZWRpbyBkZWwgcHJlc2VudGUgZG9jdW1lbnRvLCBlbCBBdXRvcihlcyksIG1heW9yIChlcykgZGUgZWRhZCwgcXVpZW4gZW4gYWRlbGFudGUgc2UgZGVub21pbmFyw6EgZWwgQVVUT1IsIGNvbmZpZXJlIGEgbGEgVU5JVkVSU0lEQUQgQ09PUEVSQVRJVkEgREUgQ09MT01CSUEsIGNvbiBOSVQuIDg2MC0wMjk5MjQtNywgdW5hIExJQ0VOQ0lBIERFIFVTTyBkZSBvYnJhLCBiYWpvIGxhcyBzaWd1aWVudGVzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzLgoKQ0zDgVVTVUxBUwoKUFJJTUVSQS4gT2JqZXRvLiBFTCBBVVRPUiBwb3IgZXN0ZSBhY3RvIGF1dG9yaXphIGxhIHV0aWxpemFjacOzbiBkZSBsYSBvYnJhLCBkZSBjb25mb3JtaWRhZCBjb24gbG8gZXN0aXB1bGFkbyBhIGNvbnRpbnVhY2nDs246IAoKKGEpIFBhcmEgZWZlY3RvcyBkZSBsYSBwcmVzZW50ZSBsaWNlbmNpYSBzZSBhdXRvcml6YSBsYSByZXByb2R1Y2Npw7NuIGRlIGxhIG9icmEgYW50ZXJpb3JtZW50ZSBjaXRhZGEsIGxhIGN1YWwgc2UgYWxvamFyw6EgZW4gZm9ybWF0byBkaWdpdGFsIGVuIGxhcyBwbGF0YWZvcm1hcyBvIHJlcG9zaXRvcmlvcyBhZG1pbmlzdHJhZG9zIHBvciBsYSBVTklWRVJTSURBRCBvIGVuIG90cm8gdGlwbyBkZSByZXBvc2l0b3Jpb3MgZXh0ZXJub3MgbyBww6FnaW5hcyB3ZWIgZXNjb2dpZG9zIHBvciBsYSBVTklWRVJTSURBRCwgcGFyYSBmaW5lcyBkZSBkaWZ1c2nDs24geSBkaXZ1bGdhY2nDs24uIEFkaWNpb25hbG1lbnRlLCBzZSBhdXRvcml6YSBhIHF1ZSBsb3MgdXN1YXJpb3MgaW50ZXJub3MgeSBleHRlcm5vcyBkZSBkaWNoYXMgcGxhdGFmb3JtYXMgbyByZXBvc2l0b3Jpb3MgcmVwcm9kdXpjYW4gbyBkZXNjYXJndWVuIGxhIG9icmEsIHNpbiDDoW5pbW8gZGUgbHVjcm8sIHBhcmEgZmluZXMgcHJpdmFkb3MsIGVkdWNhdGl2b3MgbyBhY2Fkw6ltaWNvczsgc2llbXByZSB5IGN1YW5kbyBubyBzZSB2aW9sZW4gYWN1ZXJkb3MgY29uIGVkaXRvcmVzLCBwZXJpb2RvcyBkZSBlbWJhcmdvIG8gYWN1ZXJkb3MgZGUgY29uZmlkZW5jaWFsaWRhZCBxdWUgYXBsaXF1ZW4uCgooYikgU2UgYXV0b3JpemEgbGEgY29tdW5pY2FjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSB5IGxhIHB1ZXN0YSBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIG1lbmNpb25hZGEsIGVuIGFjY2VzbyBhYmllcnRvLCBwYXJhIHN1IHV0aWxpemFjacOzbiBlbiBsYXMgcGxhdGFmb3JtYXMgbyByZXBvc2l0b3Jpb3MgYWRtaW5pc3RyYWRvcyBwb3IgbGEgVU5JVkVSU0lEQUQuCgooYykgTG8gYW50ZXJpb3IgZXN0YXLDoSBzdWpldG8gYSBsYXMgZGVmaW5pY2lvbmVzIGNvbnRlbmlkYXMgZW4gbGEgRGVjaXNpw7NuIEFuZGluYSAzNTEgZGUgMTk5MyB5IGxhIExleSAyMyBkZSAxOTgyLgoKClNFR1VOREEuIE9yaWdpbmFsaWRhZCB5IHJlY2xhbWFjaW9uZXMuIEVsIEFVVE9SIGRlY2xhcmEgcXVlIGxhIE9CUkEgZXMgb3JpZ2luYWwgeSBxdWUgZXMgZGUgc3UgY3JlYWNpw7NuIGV4Y2x1c2l2YSwgbm8gZXhpc3RpZW5kbyBpbXBlZGltZW50byBkZSBjdWFscXVpZXIgbmF0dXJhbGV6YSAoZW1iYXJnb3MsIHVzbyBkZSBtYXRlcmlhbCBwcm90ZWdpZG8gcG9yIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yKSBwYXJhIGxhIGNvbmNlc2nDs24gZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIHByZXZpc3RvcyBlbiBlc3RlIGFjdWVyZG8uIEVsIEFVVE9SIHJlc3BvbmRlcsOhIHBvciBjdWFscXVpZXIgYWNjacOzbiBkZSByZWl2aW5kaWNhY2nDs24sIHBsYWdpbyB1IG90cmEgY2xhc2UgZGUgcmVjbGFtYWNpw7NuIHF1ZSBhbCByZXNwZWN0byBwdWRpZXJhIHNvYnJldmVuaXIuCgpURVJDRVJBLiBDb250cmFwcmVzdGFjacOzbi4gRWwgQVVUT1IgYXV0b3JpemEgYSBxdWUgc3Ugb2JyYSBzZWEgdXRpbGl6YWRhIGRlIGNvbmZvcm1pZGFkIGNvbiBsYSBjbMOhdXN1bGEgUFJJTUVSQSBkZSBmb3JtYSBncmF0dWl0YSwgZXMgZGVjaXIsIHF1ZSBsYSB1dGlsaXphY2nDs24gZGUgbGEgbWlzbWEgbm8gZ2VuZXJhIG5pbmfDum4gcGFnbyBvIHJlZ2Fsw61hcyBlbiBmYXZvciBkZSBlc3RlLgoKQ1VBUlRBLiBUaXR1bGFyaWRhZCBkZSBkZXJlY2hvcy4gRWwgcHJlc2VudGUgY29udHJhdG8gbm8gdHJhbnNmaWVyZSBsYSB0aXR1bGFyaWRhZCBkZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgcGF0cmltb25pYWxlcyBzb2JyZSBsYXMgb2JyYXMgYW50ZXJpb3JtZW50ZSBtZW5jaW9uYWRhcyBhIGxhIFVOSVZFUlNJREFELiDDmm5pY2FtZW50ZSBoYWNlIHJlbGFjacOzbiBhIHVuYSBsaWNlbmNpYSBubyBleGNsdXNpdmEgZW4gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyB5IGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGFudGVyaW9ybWVudGUgcGFjdGFkb3MuCgpRVUlOVEEuIENyw6lkaXRvcy4gTGEgVU5JVkVSU0lEQUQgc2UgY29tcHJvbWV0ZSBhIGRhciBhbCBBVVRPUiwgZWwgcmVjb25vY2ltaWVudG8gZGVudHJvIGNhZGEgZm9ybWEgZGUgdXRpbGl6YWNpw7NuIGVuIGxhIG9icmEuIExvcyBjcsOpZGl0b3MgZGViZW4gZmlndXJhciBlbiBjYWRhIHVubyBkZSBsb3MgZm9ybWF0b3MgbyByZWdpc3Ryb3MgZGUgcHVibGljYWNpw7NuLiBObyBjb25zdGl0dWlyw6EgdW5hIHZpb2xhY2nDs24gYSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgbW9yYWxlcyBkZWwgYXV0b3IgbGEgbm8gcmVwcm9kdWNjacOzbiwgY29tdW5pY2FjacOzbiBvIGRlbcOhcyB1dGlsaXphY2lvbmVzIGRlIGxhIG9icmEuIExhIHV0aWxpemFjacOzbiBvIG5vIGRlIGxhIG9icmEsIGFzw60gY29tbyBzdSBmb3JtYSBkZSB1dGlsaXphY2nDs24gc2Vyw6EgZmFjdWx0YWQgZXhjbHVzaXZhIGRlIGxhIFVOSVZFUlNJREFELgogClNFWFRBLiBEdXJhY2nDs24geSB0ZXJyaXRvcmlvLiBMYSBwcmVzZW50ZSBsaWNlbmNpYSBkZSB1c28gcXVlIHNlIG90b3JnYSBhIGZhdm9yIGRlIGxhIFVOSVZFUlNJREFEIHRlbmRyw6EgdW5hIGR1cmFjacOzbiBlcXVpdmFsZW50ZSBhbCB0w6lybWlubyBkZSBwcm90ZWNjacOzbiBsZWdhbCBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIHkgcGFyYSB0b2RvcyBsb3MgcGHDrXNlcyBkZWwgbXVuZG8uCgpTw4lQVElNQS4gVXNvIGRlIENyZWF0aXZlIENvbW1vbnMuIEVsIEFVVE9SIGF1dG9yaXphcsOhIGxhIGRpZnVzacOzbiBkZSBzdSBjb250ZW5pZG8gYmFqbyB1bmEgbGljZW5jaWEgQ3JlYXRpdmUgQ29tbW9ucyBhdHJpYnVjacOzbiA0LjAgaW50ZXJuYWNpb25hbCwgcXVlIGRlYmVyw6EgaW5jbHVpcnNlIGVuIGVsIGNvbnRlbmlkby4gCgpPQ1RBVkEuIERlcmVjaG8gZGUgZXhjbHVzacOzbi4gQ2FkYSBhdXRvciBwdWVkZSBpbmRpY2FyIGVuIGVsIG1vbWVudG8gZGUgZGVww7NzaXRvIGRlbCBjb250ZW5pZG8gcXVlIGVsIHRleHRvIGNvbXBsZXRvIGRlIGxhIHByb2R1Y2Npw7NuIGFjYWTDqW1pY2EgbyBjaWVudMOtZmljYSBubyBlc3RlIGNvbiBhY2Nlc28gYWJpZXJ0byBlbiBlbCBSZXBvc2l0b3JpbyBJbnN0aXR1Y2lvbmFsIHBvciBtb3Rpdm9zIGRlIGNvbmZpZGVuY2lhbGlkYWQsIHBvcnF1ZSBzZSBlbmN1ZW50cmUgZW4gdsOtYXMgZGUgb2J0ZW5lciB1biBkZXJlY2hvIGRlIHByb3BpZWRhZCBpbmR1c3RyaWFsIG8gZXhpc3RpciBhY3VlcmRvcyBwcmV2aW9zIGNvbiB0ZXJjZXJvcyAoZWRpdG9yaWFsZXMsIHJldmlzdGFzIGNpZW50w61maWNhcywgb3RyYXMgaW5zdGl0dWNpb25lcykuIEVsIGF1dG9yIHNlIGNvbXByb21ldGUgYSBkZXBvc2l0YXIgbG9zIG1ldGFkYXRvcyBlIGluZm9ybWFyIGVsIHRpZW1wbyBkZSBlbWJhcmdvIGR1cmFudGUgZWwgY3VhbCBlbCB0ZXh0byBjb21wbGV0byB0ZW5kcsOhIGFjY2VzbyByZXN0cmluZ2lkby4gCgpOT1ZFTkEuIEVsIEFVVE9SIGFsIGFjZXB0YXIgZXN0YSBsaWNlbmNpYSBhZHVjZSBxdWUgZXN0YSBwcm9kdWNjacOzbiBzZSBkZXNhcnJvbGzDsyBlbiBlbCBwZXJpb2RvIGVuIHF1ZSBzZSBlbmN1ZW50cmEgY29uIHbDrW5jdWxvcyBjb24gTGEgVW5pdmVyc2lkYWQuCgpEw4lDSU1BLiBOb3JtYXMgYXBsaWNhYmxlcy4gUGFyYSBsYSBpbnRlcnByZXRhY2nDs24geSBjdW1wbGltaWVudG8gZGVsIHByZXNlbnRlIGFjdWVyZG8gbGFzIHBhcnRlcyBzZSBzb21ldGVuIGEgbGEgRGVjaXNpw7NuIEFuZGluYSAzNTEgZGUgMTk5MywgbGEgTGV5IDIzIGRlIDE5ODIgeSBkZW3DoXMgbm9ybWFzIGFwbGljYWJsZXMgZGUgQ29sb21iaWEuIEFkZW3DoXMsIGEgbGFzIG5vcm1hcyBJbnN0aXR1Y2lvbmFsZXMgcXVlIGFwbGlxdWVuLgoKTGEgcHJlc2VudGUgbGljZW5jaWEgc2UgYXV0b3JpemEgZW4gbGEgZmVjaGEgZGUgcHVibGljYWNpw7NuIGVuIGxvcyByZXBvc2l0b3Jpb3MgaW5zdGl0dWNpb25hbGVzLgo=