Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy

Background Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to oral health among parents play a crucial role in shaping oral hygiene and preventing early childhood caries. This study was intended to determine the effect of a neuroeducational strategy in improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices relat...

Full description

Autores:
María del Pilar Angarita‑Díaz
Elsa Durán‑Arismendy
Claudia Cabrera‑Arango
Daniel Vásquez‑Aldana
Valentina Bautista‑Parra
Jessica Laguna‑Moreno
Winnifer Mondragón‑López
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/56336
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/56336
Palabra clave:
Rights
openAccess
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
id COOPER2_62ce70531d1245af66b870a4fdd4d9eb
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/56336
network_acronym_str COOPER2
network_name_str Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy
title Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy
spellingShingle Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy
title_short Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy
title_full Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy
title_fullStr Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy
title_sort Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy
dc.creator.fl_str_mv María del Pilar Angarita‑Díaz
Elsa Durán‑Arismendy
Claudia Cabrera‑Arango
Daniel Vásquez‑Aldana
Valentina Bautista‑Parra
Jessica Laguna‑Moreno
Winnifer Mondragón‑López
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv María del Pilar Angarita‑Díaz
Elsa Durán‑Arismendy
Claudia Cabrera‑Arango
Daniel Vásquez‑Aldana
Valentina Bautista‑Parra
Jessica Laguna‑Moreno
Winnifer Mondragón‑López
dc.contributor.researchgroup.none.fl_str_mv GIOMET
description Background Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to oral health among parents play a crucial role in shaping oral hygiene and preventing early childhood caries. This study was intended to determine the effect of a neuroeducational strategy in improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to early childhood caries among mothers or caregivers of children. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted, implementing an educational strategy involving 33 mothers or female caregivers of children who met specific selection criteria. The strategy consisted of three key elements derived from neuroeducation: (1) experiment, (2) surprise and play, and (3) learn. Based on the participants’ attendance at the sessions, they were categorized into two groups: those who underwent in-person intervention (G1) and those who received a combined in-person and virtual intervention (G2). The impact of the strategy was evaluated by comparing the participants’ knowledge and attitudes, as well as their children’s plaque index, before and after the intervention (immediate and 6-month impact). Results The participants exhibited a favorable and statistically significant effect on the median number of correct answers related to knowledge (G1 immediate effect (IE): p = 0.03, 6-month effect (ME): p = 0.002; G2 IE p = 0.002, ME: p = 0.001), and in the children’s plaque index (G1 IE: p = 0.003, ME: p = 0.003; G2 IE: p = 0.033, ME: p = 0.003). Furthermore, there was an increase in the number of participants with a high level of knowledge (G1 IE: 41.5%; ME: 75%; G2 IE: 45.5%, ME: 42.9%), and of children with a good level of oral hygiene (G1 IE: 50%; ME: 73.0%; G2 IE: 27.3%, ME: 84.6%). Finally, qualitative interviews revealed a lasting clarity in concepts and sustained knowledge and attitudes at the six-month mark. However, a slightly diminished understanding of the relationship between bacteria, sugar, and caries was observed in G2 group, and some loss of association in the G1 group, at six months. Conclusion The implementation of this strategy resulted in significant and lasting impacts on knowledge, attitudes, and practices, especially in the G1 group. Nevertheless, there is a need for further reinforcement of the association between bacteria, sugar, and caries.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-07-15T13:40:07Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-07-15T13:40:07Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2024-01-09
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv Angarita-Díaz, M.d.P., Durán-Arismendy, E., Cabrera-Arango, C. et al. Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy. BMC Oral Health 24, 60 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03734-0
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv BMC Oral Health
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/56336
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03734-0
identifier_str_mv Angarita-Díaz, M.d.P., Durán-Arismendy, E., Cabrera-Arango, C. et al. Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy. BMC Oral Health 24, 60 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03734-0
BMC Oral Health
doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03734-0
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/56336
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv 17
dc.relation.citationissue.none.fl_str_mv 60
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationvolume.none.fl_str_mv 24
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-023-03734-0#citeas
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Peres MA, Macpherson LMD, Weyant RJ, Daly B, Venturelli R, Mathur MR, et al. Oral Diseases: a global public health challenge. Lancet. 2019;394(10194):249–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31146-8.
Uribe SE, Innes N, Maldupa I. The global prevalence of early childhood caries: a systematic review with meta-analysis using the WHO diagnostic criteria. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2021;31(6):817–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12783.
Drury TF, Horowitz AM, Ismail AI, Maertens MP, Rozier RG, Selwitz RH. Diagnosing and reporting early childhood caries for research purposes. A report of a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, the Health Resources and Services Administration, and the Health Care Financing Administration. J Public Health Dent. 1999;59(3):192–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1999.tb03268.x.
Dye BA. The global burden of oral Disease: research and public health significance. J Dent Res. 2017;96(4):361–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517693567.
Marsh PD. Microbial ecology of dental plaque and its significance in health and Disease. Adv Dent Res. 1994;8(2):263–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895937494008002.
Featherstone JD. Dental caries: a dynamic Disease process. Aust Dent J. 2008;53(3):286–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00064.x.
Giacaman RA, Fernández CE, Muñoz-Sandoval C, León S, García-Manríquez N, Echeverría C, Valdés S, Castro RJ, Gambetta-Tessini K. Understanding dental caries as a non-communicable and behavioral Disease: management implications. Front Oral Health. 2022;3:764479. https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2022.764479.
Schwendicke F, Dorfer CE, Schlattmann P, Foster Page L, Thomson WM, Paris S. Socioeconomic inequality and caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2015;94(1):10–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034514557546.
Bencze Z, Mahrouseh N, Andrade CAS, Kovács N, Varga O. The burden of early childhood caries in children under 5 years old in the European Union and associated risk factors: an ecological study. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):455. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020455.
Butera A, Maiorani C, Morandini A, Simonini M, Morittu S, Trombini J, Scribante A. Evaluation of children caries risk factors: a narrative review of nutritional aspects, oral hygiene habits, and bacterial alterations. Child (Basel). 2022;9(2):262. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020262.
Ministry of Health of Colombia, IV National Oral Health Sttudy ENSAB IV, Bogotá. Minsalud. 2014. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/PP/ENSAB-IV-Situacion-Bucal-Actual.pdf. Accessed 28 Sept 2022.
Ministry of Health of Colombia. 2021. Lineamientos estrategia incremental de cuidado y protección específica en salud bucal para la primera infancia, infancia y adolescencia “Soy Generación más Sonriente”. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/PP/ENT/lineamientos-soy-generacion-sonriente.pdf. Accessed 28 Sept 2022.
Ministry of Health of Colombia. Resolución 3280. BOGOTÁ: MINSALUD. 2018. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/resolucion-3280-de-2018.pdf. Accessed 28 Oct 2023.
Wulaerhan J, Abudureyimu A, Bao XL, Zhao J. Risk determinants associated with early childhood caries in Uygur children: a preschool-based cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:136. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-14-136.
Chawłowska E, Karasiewicz M, Lipiak A, Cofta M, Fechner B, Lewicka-Rabska A, Pruciak A, Gerreth K. Exploring the relationships between children’s oral health and parents’ oral health knowledge, literacy, behaviours and adherence to recommendations: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(18):11288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811288.
Kimmie-Dhansay F, Barrie R, Roberts T, Naidoo S. Maternal and infant risk factors and risk indicators associated with early childhood caries in South Africa: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):183. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02218-x.
Sociedad española de odontopediatría. Técnica de levantar labio. España: SEOP. 2019.https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13690-020-00402-5. Accessed 28 Oct 2023.
Sampaio FC, Bönecker M, Paiva SM, Martignon S, Ricomini Filho AP, Pozos-Guillen A, Oliveira BH, Bullen M, Naidu R, Guarnizo-Herreño C, Gomez J, Malheiros Z, Stewart B, Ryan M, Pitts N. Dental caries prevalence, prospects, and challenges for Latin America and Caribbean countries: a summary and final recommendations from a Regional Consensus. Braz Oral Res. 2021;35(1):e056. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.
Hogh A, Müller-Hilke B. Learning strategies and their correlation with academic success in biology and physiology examinations during the preclinical years of medical school. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(1):e0245851. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245851.
Zheng S, Zhao L, Ju N, Hua T, Zhang S, Liao S. Relationship between oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, practice, self-rated oral health and oral health-related quality of life among Chinese college students: a structural equation modeling approach. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01419-0.
Marquillier T, Trentesaux T, Pierache A, Delfosse C, Lombrail P, Azogui-Levy S. Which determinants should be considered to reduce social inequalities in paediatric dental care access? A cross-sectional study in France. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(8):e0255360. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255360.
Jolles J, Jolles DD. On neuroeducation: why and how to improve neuroscientific literacy in educational professionals. Front Psychol. 2021;12:752151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.752151.
Howard-Jones PA. A multiperspective approach to neuroeducational research. Educ Philos Theory. 2011;43(1):24–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00703.x.
Nouri A. The basic principles of research in neuroeducation studies. IJCRSEE. 2016;4(1):59–66. https://doi.org/10.5937/IJCRSEE1601059N.
Amran MS, Bakar AYA. We feel, therefore we memorize: understanding emotions in learning mathematics using neuroscience research perspectives. Univers J Educ. 2020;8:5943–50.
Ruiz-Mejías M, Pérez N, Carrió-Llach M. Knowledge of neuroscience boosts motivation and awareness of learning strategies in science vocational education students. JONED. 2021;1(2):30–44.
Tyng CM, Amin HU, Saad MNM, Malik AS. The influences of emotion on learning and memory. Front Psychol. 2017;8:1454. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01454.
Sánchez-Rodríguez KR, Ulloa-Vargas KV. Análisis Del experimento como recurso didáctico en talleres de ciencias: El Caso Del Museo De Los niños de Costa Rica. Rev Actual Investig educ. 2009;9(1):1–20.
Kontra C, Goldin-Meadow S, Beilock SL. Embodied learning across the life span. Top Cogn Sci. 2012;4(4):731–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01221.x.
Anderson SJ, Hecker KG, Krigolson OE, Jamniczky HA. A reinforcement-based learning paradigm increases anatomical learning and retention-a neuroeducation study. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018;12:38. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00038.
Babinski LM, Murray DW, Wilson WA, Kuhn CM, Malone PS. Impact of a neuroscience-based health education course on high school students’ health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors. J Adolesc Health. 2018;63(4):489–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.05.016.
Ismail AI, Ondersma S, Jedele JM, Little RJ, Lepkowski JM. Evaluation of a brief tailored motivational intervention to prevent early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2011;39(5):433–48.
Weber-Gasparoni K, Reeve J, Ghosheh N, Warren JJ, Drake DR, Kramer KW, Dawson DV. An effective psychoeducational intervention for early childhood caries prevention: part I. Pediatr Dent. 2013a;35(3):241–46.
Weber-Gasparoni K, Warren JJ, Reeve J, Drake DR, Kramer KW, Marshall TA, Dawson DV. An effective psychoeducational intervention for early childhood caries prevention: part II. Pediatr Dent. 2013b;35(3):247–51.
Muñoz WE, Mattos MA. Técnica educativa para mejorar Los conocimientos de salud oral de madres y reducir El índice de higiene oral de preescolares. Int J Odontostomat. 2015;9(2):321–27.
Nicolae A, Levin L, Wong PD, Dave MG, Taras J, Mistry C, Ford-Jones EL, Wong M, Schroth RJ. Identification of early childhood caries in primary care settings. Paediatr Child Health. 2018;23(2):111–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxx155.
Guzman-Vergara MD, Ramos-Perez YA, Suarez-Salinas LT, Vigoya-Valderrama YP, Angarita-Díaz MP, Durán-Arismendy, Cabrera-Arango CL, Vásquez-Aldana DA. Efecto De una estrategia neuroeducativa basada en El entendimiento de la etiologia de la caries en madres de niños de 1 a 5 años-prueba piloto-. Villavicencio: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia; 2021.
Martignon S, Bautista-Mendoza G, González-Carrera MC, et al. Instruments for evaluating oral health knowledge, attitudes and practice for parents/caregivers of small children. Rev Salud pública. 2008;10:308–14.
Fux N, Shmueli A, Halperson E, Ram D, Moskovitz M. Knee-To-Knee position for minor procedures in infants and toddlers-dentists attitudes. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;43(2):86–90. https://doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-43.2.3.
Martignon S, González MC, Ruiz JA, McCormick V. Guía De práctica clínica para El diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de la caries dental. Bogotá: Secretaría distrital de salud; 2007.
Sánchez-Peña MK, Galvis-Aricapa JA, Álzate-Urrea S, Lema-Agudelo D, Lobón-Córdoba LM, Quintero-García Y, Carmona-Medina SL. Conocimientos y prácticas de las agentes educativas y condiciones de salud bucal de niños del municipio de Santa Rosa de Cabal, Colombia. Univ Salud. 2019;21(1):27–37. https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.192101.137.
Nepaul P, Mahomed O. Influence of parents’ oral health knowledge and attitudes on oral health practices of children (5–12 Years) in a rural school in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020;10(5):605–12. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_273_20.
Vanagas G, Milasauskiene Z, Grabauskas V, Mickeviciene A. Associations between parental skills and their attitudes toward importance to develop good oral hygiene skills in their children. Med (Kaunas). 2009;45(9):718–23.
Thomson JJ, Relich EE, Girdwood JR, Byrappagari D. Microbiology-based instruction during prenatal dental visits improves perinatal oral health literacy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(5):2633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052633.
Wang S, Aamodt S. Play, stress, and the learning brain. Cerebrum. 2012;2012:12.
Kumar Y, Asokan S, John B, Gopalan T. Effect of conventional and game-based teaching on oral health status of children: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2015;8(2):123–26. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1297.
Sharma S, Saxena S, Naik SN, Bhandari R, Shukla AK, Gupta P. Comparison between conventional, game-based, and self-made storybook-based oral health education on children’s oral hygiene status: a prospective cohort study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021;14(2):273–77. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1811.
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.none.fl_str_mv Attribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Attribution 4.0 International
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC Oral Health
publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC Oral Health
institution Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/e87055a5-ddc4-4890-a74f-0e54f0dab491/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/44ef3a06-a41d-4030-a8f4-683449a33c2d/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/ba25d66b-84e4-45cb-bd78-e4e891f49d6b/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/38821c29-80c2-474e-92d1-9e87dee355db/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/76fe9918-894a-46d4-8522-f429bf389af9/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/738b5077-110b-47b6-a27b-04235c71fb19/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv c4fc1d54a141b5f9e9a877d28f3ad7e7
c4fc1d54a141b5f9e9a877d28f3ad7e7
3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45
0175ea4a2d4caec4bbcc37e300941108
e03f81116b1c4041c4e823614cbd9100
c7e9ccd8fd26f6e1783fc1cf2fc1ab66
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
_version_ 1814246747573059584
spelling María del Pilar Angarita‑DíazElsa Durán‑ArismendyClaudia Cabrera‑ArangoDaniel Vásquez‑AldanaValentina Bautista‑ParraJessica Laguna‑MorenoWinnifer Mondragón‑LópezGIOMET2024-07-15T13:40:07Z2024-07-15T13:40:07Z2024-01-09Angarita-Díaz, M.d.P., Durán-Arismendy, E., Cabrera-Arango, C. et al. Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategy. BMC Oral Health 24, 60 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03734-0BMC Oral Healthhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/56336doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03734-0Background Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to oral health among parents play a crucial role in shaping oral hygiene and preventing early childhood caries. This study was intended to determine the effect of a neuroeducational strategy in improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to early childhood caries among mothers or caregivers of children. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted, implementing an educational strategy involving 33 mothers or female caregivers of children who met specific selection criteria. The strategy consisted of three key elements derived from neuroeducation: (1) experiment, (2) surprise and play, and (3) learn. Based on the participants’ attendance at the sessions, they were categorized into two groups: those who underwent in-person intervention (G1) and those who received a combined in-person and virtual intervention (G2). The impact of the strategy was evaluated by comparing the participants’ knowledge and attitudes, as well as their children’s plaque index, before and after the intervention (immediate and 6-month impact). Results The participants exhibited a favorable and statistically significant effect on the median number of correct answers related to knowledge (G1 immediate effect (IE): p = 0.03, 6-month effect (ME): p = 0.002; G2 IE p = 0.002, ME: p = 0.001), and in the children’s plaque index (G1 IE: p = 0.003, ME: p = 0.003; G2 IE: p = 0.033, ME: p = 0.003). Furthermore, there was an increase in the number of participants with a high level of knowledge (G1 IE: 41.5%; ME: 75%; G2 IE: 45.5%, ME: 42.9%), and of children with a good level of oral hygiene (G1 IE: 50%; ME: 73.0%; G2 IE: 27.3%, ME: 84.6%). Finally, qualitative interviews revealed a lasting clarity in concepts and sustained knowledge and attitudes at the six-month mark. However, a slightly diminished understanding of the relationship between bacteria, sugar, and caries was observed in G2 group, and some loss of association in the G1 group, at six months. Conclusion The implementation of this strategy resulted in significant and lasting impacts on knowledge, attitudes, and practices, especially in the G1 group. Nevertheless, there is a need for further reinforcement of the association between bacteria, sugar, and caries.Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Centro de Competencias Cognitivas y Afectivas Villavicencio.application/pdfengBMC Oral Healthhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers and caregivers of children through a neuroeducational strategyArtículohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion1760124https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-023-03734-0#citeasPeres MA, Macpherson LMD, Weyant RJ, Daly B, Venturelli R, Mathur MR, et al. Oral Diseases: a global public health challenge. Lancet. 2019;394(10194):249–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31146-8.Uribe SE, Innes N, Maldupa I. The global prevalence of early childhood caries: a systematic review with meta-analysis using the WHO diagnostic criteria. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2021;31(6):817–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12783.Drury TF, Horowitz AM, Ismail AI, Maertens MP, Rozier RG, Selwitz RH. Diagnosing and reporting early childhood caries for research purposes. A report of a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, the Health Resources and Services Administration, and the Health Care Financing Administration. J Public Health Dent. 1999;59(3):192–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1999.tb03268.x.Dye BA. The global burden of oral Disease: research and public health significance. J Dent Res. 2017;96(4):361–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517693567.Marsh PD. Microbial ecology of dental plaque and its significance in health and Disease. Adv Dent Res. 1994;8(2):263–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895937494008002.Featherstone JD. Dental caries: a dynamic Disease process. Aust Dent J. 2008;53(3):286–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00064.x.Giacaman RA, Fernández CE, Muñoz-Sandoval C, León S, García-Manríquez N, Echeverría C, Valdés S, Castro RJ, Gambetta-Tessini K. Understanding dental caries as a non-communicable and behavioral Disease: management implications. Front Oral Health. 2022;3:764479. https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2022.764479.Schwendicke F, Dorfer CE, Schlattmann P, Foster Page L, Thomson WM, Paris S. Socioeconomic inequality and caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2015;94(1):10–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034514557546.Bencze Z, Mahrouseh N, Andrade CAS, Kovács N, Varga O. The burden of early childhood caries in children under 5 years old in the European Union and associated risk factors: an ecological study. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):455. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020455.Butera A, Maiorani C, Morandini A, Simonini M, Morittu S, Trombini J, Scribante A. Evaluation of children caries risk factors: a narrative review of nutritional aspects, oral hygiene habits, and bacterial alterations. Child (Basel). 2022;9(2):262. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020262.Ministry of Health of Colombia, IV National Oral Health Sttudy ENSAB IV, Bogotá. Minsalud. 2014. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/PP/ENSAB-IV-Situacion-Bucal-Actual.pdf. Accessed 28 Sept 2022.Ministry of Health of Colombia. 2021. Lineamientos estrategia incremental de cuidado y protección específica en salud bucal para la primera infancia, infancia y adolescencia “Soy Generación más Sonriente”. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/PP/ENT/lineamientos-soy-generacion-sonriente.pdf. Accessed 28 Sept 2022.Ministry of Health of Colombia. Resolución 3280. BOGOTÁ: MINSALUD. 2018. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/resolucion-3280-de-2018.pdf. Accessed 28 Oct 2023.Wulaerhan J, Abudureyimu A, Bao XL, Zhao J. Risk determinants associated with early childhood caries in Uygur children: a preschool-based cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:136. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-14-136.Chawłowska E, Karasiewicz M, Lipiak A, Cofta M, Fechner B, Lewicka-Rabska A, Pruciak A, Gerreth K. Exploring the relationships between children’s oral health and parents’ oral health knowledge, literacy, behaviours and adherence to recommendations: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(18):11288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811288.Kimmie-Dhansay F, Barrie R, Roberts T, Naidoo S. Maternal and infant risk factors and risk indicators associated with early childhood caries in South Africa: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):183. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02218-x.Sociedad española de odontopediatría. Técnica de levantar labio. España: SEOP. 2019.https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13690-020-00402-5. Accessed 28 Oct 2023.Sampaio FC, Bönecker M, Paiva SM, Martignon S, Ricomini Filho AP, Pozos-Guillen A, Oliveira BH, Bullen M, Naidu R, Guarnizo-Herreño C, Gomez J, Malheiros Z, Stewart B, Ryan M, Pitts N. Dental caries prevalence, prospects, and challenges for Latin America and Caribbean countries: a summary and final recommendations from a Regional Consensus. Braz Oral Res. 2021;35(1):e056. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.Hogh A, Müller-Hilke B. Learning strategies and their correlation with academic success in biology and physiology examinations during the preclinical years of medical school. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(1):e0245851. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245851.Zheng S, Zhao L, Ju N, Hua T, Zhang S, Liao S. Relationship between oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, practice, self-rated oral health and oral health-related quality of life among Chinese college students: a structural equation modeling approach. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01419-0.Marquillier T, Trentesaux T, Pierache A, Delfosse C, Lombrail P, Azogui-Levy S. Which determinants should be considered to reduce social inequalities in paediatric dental care access? A cross-sectional study in France. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(8):e0255360. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255360.Jolles J, Jolles DD. On neuroeducation: why and how to improve neuroscientific literacy in educational professionals. Front Psychol. 2021;12:752151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.752151.Howard-Jones PA. A multiperspective approach to neuroeducational research. Educ Philos Theory. 2011;43(1):24–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00703.x.Nouri A. The basic principles of research in neuroeducation studies. IJCRSEE. 2016;4(1):59–66. https://doi.org/10.5937/IJCRSEE1601059N.Amran MS, Bakar AYA. We feel, therefore we memorize: understanding emotions in learning mathematics using neuroscience research perspectives. Univers J Educ. 2020;8:5943–50.Ruiz-Mejías M, Pérez N, Carrió-Llach M. Knowledge of neuroscience boosts motivation and awareness of learning strategies in science vocational education students. JONED. 2021;1(2):30–44.Tyng CM, Amin HU, Saad MNM, Malik AS. The influences of emotion on learning and memory. Front Psychol. 2017;8:1454. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01454.Sánchez-Rodríguez KR, Ulloa-Vargas KV. Análisis Del experimento como recurso didáctico en talleres de ciencias: El Caso Del Museo De Los niños de Costa Rica. Rev Actual Investig educ. 2009;9(1):1–20.Kontra C, Goldin-Meadow S, Beilock SL. Embodied learning across the life span. Top Cogn Sci. 2012;4(4):731–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01221.x.Anderson SJ, Hecker KG, Krigolson OE, Jamniczky HA. A reinforcement-based learning paradigm increases anatomical learning and retention-a neuroeducation study. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018;12:38. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00038.Babinski LM, Murray DW, Wilson WA, Kuhn CM, Malone PS. Impact of a neuroscience-based health education course on high school students’ health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors. J Adolesc Health. 2018;63(4):489–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.05.016.Ismail AI, Ondersma S, Jedele JM, Little RJ, Lepkowski JM. Evaluation of a brief tailored motivational intervention to prevent early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2011;39(5):433–48.Weber-Gasparoni K, Reeve J, Ghosheh N, Warren JJ, Drake DR, Kramer KW, Dawson DV. An effective psychoeducational intervention for early childhood caries prevention: part I. Pediatr Dent. 2013a;35(3):241–46.Weber-Gasparoni K, Warren JJ, Reeve J, Drake DR, Kramer KW, Marshall TA, Dawson DV. An effective psychoeducational intervention for early childhood caries prevention: part II. Pediatr Dent. 2013b;35(3):247–51.Muñoz WE, Mattos MA. Técnica educativa para mejorar Los conocimientos de salud oral de madres y reducir El índice de higiene oral de preescolares. Int J Odontostomat. 2015;9(2):321–27.Nicolae A, Levin L, Wong PD, Dave MG, Taras J, Mistry C, Ford-Jones EL, Wong M, Schroth RJ. Identification of early childhood caries in primary care settings. Paediatr Child Health. 2018;23(2):111–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxx155.Guzman-Vergara MD, Ramos-Perez YA, Suarez-Salinas LT, Vigoya-Valderrama YP, Angarita-Díaz MP, Durán-Arismendy, Cabrera-Arango CL, Vásquez-Aldana DA. Efecto De una estrategia neuroeducativa basada en El entendimiento de la etiologia de la caries en madres de niños de 1 a 5 años-prueba piloto-. Villavicencio: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia; 2021.Martignon S, Bautista-Mendoza G, González-Carrera MC, et al. Instruments for evaluating oral health knowledge, attitudes and practice for parents/caregivers of small children. Rev Salud pública. 2008;10:308–14.Fux N, Shmueli A, Halperson E, Ram D, Moskovitz M. Knee-To-Knee position for minor procedures in infants and toddlers-dentists attitudes. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;43(2):86–90. https://doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-43.2.3.Martignon S, González MC, Ruiz JA, McCormick V. Guía De práctica clínica para El diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de la caries dental. Bogotá: Secretaría distrital de salud; 2007.Sánchez-Peña MK, Galvis-Aricapa JA, Álzate-Urrea S, Lema-Agudelo D, Lobón-Córdoba LM, Quintero-García Y, Carmona-Medina SL. Conocimientos y prácticas de las agentes educativas y condiciones de salud bucal de niños del municipio de Santa Rosa de Cabal, Colombia. Univ Salud. 2019;21(1):27–37. https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.192101.137.Nepaul P, Mahomed O. Influence of parents’ oral health knowledge and attitudes on oral health practices of children (5–12 Years) in a rural school in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020;10(5):605–12. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_273_20.Vanagas G, Milasauskiene Z, Grabauskas V, Mickeviciene A. Associations between parental skills and their attitudes toward importance to develop good oral hygiene skills in their children. Med (Kaunas). 2009;45(9):718–23.Thomson JJ, Relich EE, Girdwood JR, Byrappagari D. Microbiology-based instruction during prenatal dental visits improves perinatal oral health literacy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(5):2633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052633.Wang S, Aamodt S. Play, stress, and the learning brain. Cerebrum. 2012;2012:12.Kumar Y, Asokan S, John B, Gopalan T. Effect of conventional and game-based teaching on oral health status of children: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2015;8(2):123–26. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1297.Sharma S, Saxena S, Naik SN, Bhandari R, Shukla AK, Gupta P. Comparison between conventional, game-based, and self-made storybook-based oral health education on children’s oral hygiene status: a prospective cohort study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021;14(2):273–77. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1811.PublicationINV2819NEUROEDUCACIÓN PARA EL ENTENDIMIENTO DE LA ETIOLOGIA DE LA CARIES EN MADRES DE NIÑOS DE 1 A 5 AÑOS-PRUEBA PILOTO-ORIGINAL2024_Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers.pdf2024_Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers.pdfapplication/pdf2000493https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/e87055a5-ddc4-4890-a74f-0e54f0dab491/downloadc4fc1d54a141b5f9e9a877d28f3ad7e7MD512024_Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers.pdf2024_Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers.pdfapplication/pdf2000493https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/44ef3a06-a41d-4030-a8f4-683449a33c2d/downloadc4fc1d54a141b5f9e9a877d28f3ad7e7MD54LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/ba25d66b-84e4-45cb-bd78-e4e891f49d6b/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD52CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8908https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/38821c29-80c2-474e-92d1-9e87dee355db/download0175ea4a2d4caec4bbcc37e300941108MD53TEXT2024_Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers.pdf.txt2024_Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain78590https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/76fe9918-894a-46d4-8522-f429bf389af9/downloade03f81116b1c4041c4e823614cbd9100MD55THUMBNAIL2024_Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers.pdf.jpg2024_Enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental caries in mothers.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg13992https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/738b5077-110b-47b6-a27b-04235c71fb19/downloadc7e9ccd8fd26f6e1783fc1cf2fc1ab66MD5620.500.12494/56336oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/563362024-08-20 16:17:20.601http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Attribution 4.0 Internationalopen.accesshttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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