Freemartinismo en ganado bovino

El síndrome de Freemartin es una de las anormalidades reproductivas, cuya consecuencia es la disminución en la eficiencia reproductiva de las hembras producidas por partos heterosexuales gemelos, que generan una esterilidad irreversible y la implantación de problemas en el desempeño económico del ha...

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Autores:
Vaca Bolaños, Edwin Alonso
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2019
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
Idioma:
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oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/7274
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/7274
Palabra clave:
Hormona Antimuleriana
Anastomosis
Quimerismo
Gemelos
Cariotipo
TG 2019 MVZ 7274
Antimullerian Hormone
Anastomosis
Chimerism
Twins
Karyotype
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openAccess
License
Atribución – No comercial – Compartir igual
id COOPER2_5f1055cff623afcea262da318b32ab78
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network_acronym_str COOPER2
network_name_str Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Freemartinismo en ganado bovino
title Freemartinismo en ganado bovino
spellingShingle Freemartinismo en ganado bovino
Hormona Antimuleriana
Anastomosis
Quimerismo
Gemelos
Cariotipo
TG 2019 MVZ 7274
Antimullerian Hormone
Anastomosis
Chimerism
Twins
Karyotype
title_short Freemartinismo en ganado bovino
title_full Freemartinismo en ganado bovino
title_fullStr Freemartinismo en ganado bovino
title_full_unstemmed Freemartinismo en ganado bovino
title_sort Freemartinismo en ganado bovino
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Vaca Bolaños, Edwin Alonso
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Trujillo Piso, Dunia Yisela
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Vaca Bolaños, Edwin Alonso
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Hormona Antimuleriana
Anastomosis
Quimerismo
Gemelos
Cariotipo
topic Hormona Antimuleriana
Anastomosis
Quimerismo
Gemelos
Cariotipo
TG 2019 MVZ 7274
Antimullerian Hormone
Anastomosis
Chimerism
Twins
Karyotype
dc.subject.classification.spa.fl_str_mv TG 2019 MVZ 7274
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv Antimullerian Hormone
Anastomosis
Chimerism
Twins
Karyotype
description El síndrome de Freemartin es una de las anormalidades reproductivas, cuya consecuencia es la disminución en la eficiencia reproductiva de las hembras producidas por partos heterosexuales gemelos, que generan una esterilidad irreversible y la implantación de problemas en el desempeño económico del hato bovino. La frecuencia de esta aberración genética depende del hermanamiento heterosexual en la población, la causa más común de esta patología es la anastomosis fetal que se produce en las primeras etapas del embarazo, de difícil interpretación temprana y altos costos si no se identifica el recién nacido freemartin. El objetivo de la presente revisión es recopilar información actualizada sobre el síndrome, su frecuencia de presentación, fisiopatología y consecuencias.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2019-02-07T18:55:08Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2019-02-07T18:55:08Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2019-01-30
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/7274
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv Vaca Bolaños, E. A.(2019). Freemartinismo en ganado bovino. (Tesis de grado). Recuperado de: http://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/ucc/7274
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/7274
identifier_str_mv Vaca Bolaños, E. A.(2019). Freemartinismo en ganado bovino. (Tesis de grado). Recuperado de: http://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/ucc/7274
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Meinecke B, Kuiper H, Drogemuller C, Leeb T, Meinecke-Tillmann S. A mola hydatidosa coexistent with a foetus in a bovine freemartin pregnancy. Placenta 2003. 24: 107–112.
Padula AM.The freemartin syndrome: an update. Animal Reproduction Science 2005.87 :93–109.
G N Purohit. Ovarian and oviductal pathologies in the buffalo: Occurrence, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 2014. 3(2): 156-168.
Young AS, Kirkpatrick BW. Frequency of leukochimerism in Holstein and Jersey twinsets. Journal of Animal Science 2016. 94(11): 4507–4515.
Szczerbala I, Nowacka-Woszuka J, Dzimirab S, Matuszczykc A, Iskrzakc P, Switonskia M.Elevated incidence of freemartinism in pigs detected by droplet digital PCR and cytogenetic techniques. Livestock Science 2019. 219: 52–56.
Valencia Alaix F, Johnson Navarro F, Duque Echeverri Á M. Identificación anatómica, citogenética y molecular de un caso de síndrome de Freemartin. Revista Lasallista de Investigación 2005, 2(2):45-49.
Esteves A, Bage R, Payan-Carreira R. Freemartinism in cattle. Nova Science Publishers 2012. :99–120.
Vigier B, Tran D, Legeai L, Bezard J, Josso N. Origin ofanti-Mullerian hormone in bovine freemartin fetuses. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1984. 70: 473–479.
Mikael Nikua, Tiina Pessa-Morikawaa, Leif C. Anderssonb, Antti Iivanainena,. Oligoclonal Peyer’s patch follicles in the terminal small intestine of cattle. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 2002. 26 : 689–695.
Hirayama H, Katagiri S, Kageyamaa S, Minamihashi A, Moriyasu S, et al. Rapid sex chromosomal chimerism analysis in heterosexual twin female calves by Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification. Animal Reproduction Science 2007. 101: 38–44.
Munsterberg A, Lovell-Badge R. Expression of the mouse anti-Mullerian hormone genes suggests a role in both male and female sexual differentiation. Development 1991. 113(2):613-24.
Ayala, M., Villagómez, D., Galindo, J., Sánchez, D., Avila, D., et al. Estudio anatomopatológico, citogenético y molecular del síndrome freemartin en el bovino doméstico (Bos taurus). REDVET, Revista electrónica de Veterinaria 2007, 8 (9): 1 – 15.
Cardona Lopera X, Vásquez Cano J F, López Ortiz J B, Correa Estrada L M. Diagnóstico molecular, citogenético y anatomohistopatológico del Síndrome Freemartin en hembras bovinas en Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología 2016. 18 (2): 82-89.
del Rio NS, Stewart S, Rapnicki P, Chang YM, Fricke PM. An observational analysis of twin births, calf sex ratio, and calf mortality in Holstein dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2007. 90:1255–6.
Hughes I A. Disorders of sex development (DSD) are congenital defects of the reproductive system in which the genitalia are atypical in relation to the sex chromosomes or gonads. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2008. 22: 119–134.
Szczerbal I, Switonski M. Chromosome abnormalities in domestic animals as causes of disorders of sex development or impaired fertility. Insights from Animal Reproduction 2016. :207–225.
Katragadda S, Patel RK, Kotikalapudi R. Blood cell chimerism (XX/XY) in Murrah buffalo bulls. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Sciense 2013. 42(1): 20-22.
Corredor Camargo, E. S, Jiménez Robayo, L.M. Efecto de las anomalías cromosómicas sobre la fertilidad en bovinos. Orinoquia 2005. 9 (1) : 56- 63.
Ciotola F, Peretti V, Albarella A, Buonerba R, Beneduce Z, Et al. Chromosome fragility in Freemartin cattle. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2007. 6 (1): 85-87.
Meyers-Wallen V N, Patterson DF. Disorders of sexual development in the dog. Current therapy in theriogenology 1986. 2(7): 567-572.
Moncaleano, J.S, Jiménez L.M, Sánchez C.A. Quimerismo leucocitario en hembras bovinas nacidas de parto gemelar heterosexual. Revista ORINOQUIA 2006. 10 (2): 37-44
MEYERS-WALLEN VN. Gonadal and Sex Differentiation Abnormalities of Dogs and Cats. Sexual Development 2012. 6(1-3): 46-60.
Kageyama S, Yoshida I, Kawakura K, Chikuni K. A Novel Repeated Sequence Located on the Bovine Y Chromosome: Its Application to Rapid and Precise Embryo Sexing by PCR. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 2004; 66(5):509-14.
SILVA, MONIQUE O.M, DE ARMADA J, VERONA C E, GABRIELA H, NOGUEIRA D M. Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Chimerism in Marmosets (Callithrix: Primates) Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 2017. 89(4):2793-2804.
ALMEIDA J, RESENDE AO. Freemartinismo em bovinos: revisão de literatura. RPCV 2012. 107(583-584): 133-141.
TARKOWSKI AK. Germ cells in natural and experimental chimaeras in mammals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B biol scien 1970. 259(828): 107-111.
Long S. Development and diagnosis of freemartinism in cattle. In Practice rev 1990. 12(5):208-210.
Pessa-Morikawa T, Niku M, Livanainen A. Persistent differences in the level of chimerism in B versus T cells of freemartin cattle. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 2004. 28: 77 – 87.
Payan-Carreira R, Pires M, Quaresma M, Chaves R, Adega F, et al. A complex intersex condition in a Holstein calf. Animal Reproduction Science 2008. 103(1-2):154-163.
Remnant JG, Lea RG, Allen CE, Huxley JN, Robinson RS, Brower AI. Novel gonadal characteristics in an aged bovine freemartinJ. Animal Reproduction Science. Animal Reproduction Science 2014. 146: 1–4.
VIGIER B, MAGRE S, CHARPENTIER G, BEZARD J, JOSSO N. Anti-mullerian hormone and natural and experimental freemartin effect. Bull Assoc Anat 1991. 75(228): 29-32.
Szatkowska I, Zych S, Uda J, DYBUS A A, SYSA P, et al. Freemartinism: Three Cases in Goats. ACTA VET. BRNO 2004. 73: 375–378.
Wijeratne WVS, Munro IB, Wilkes PR. Heifer sterility associated with single-birth freemartinism 1977. Vet. Rec. 100: 333-336.
Fujishirol A, Kawakura K, Miyakel YI, Kanedal Y. A fast, convenient diagnosis of the bovine freemartin syndrome using polymerase chain reaction. Theriogenology 1995. 43:883-891.
JAMES F, DOVE FW. Cattle twins and immune tolerance. Genetics 1996. 144 (3): 855-859.
Rota A, Ballarin C, Vigier B, Cozzi B, Reyd R. Age dependent changes in plasma anti-Mullerian hormone concentrations in the bovine male, female, and freemartin from birth to puberty: relationship between testosterone production and influence on sex differentiation. General and Comparative Endocrinology 2002. 129: 39–44.
Cabianca G, Rota A, Cozzi B, Ballarin C. Expression of AMH in female fetal intersex gonads in the bovine. Anatomia Histologia Embryologia 2007. 36: 24–26.
Harikae K, Tsunekawa N, Hiramatsu R, Toda S, kurohmaru M, Kanai Y. Evidence for almost complete sex-reversal in bovine freemartin gonads: formation of seminiferous tubule-like structures and trans differentiation into typical testicular cell types. Journal of Reproduction and Development 2012. 58 (6): 654–660.
Peretti V, Albarella S, Paciello O, Dario C, Barbieri V, Iannuzzi L. XX/XY chimerism in cattle: clinical and cytogenetic studies.Sexual Development 2008. 2: 24–30.
ROTA A, BALLARIN C, VIGIER B, COZZI B, REY R. Age dependent changes in plasma anti Mullerian hormone concentrations in the bovine male, female, and freemartin from birth to puberty: relationship between testosterone production and influence on sex differentiation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2002. 129: 39-44.
ENNIS S, VAUGHAN L, GALLAGHER, TF. The diagnosis of freemartinism in cattle using sex specific DNA sequences. Research in Veterinary Sciense 1999. 67(1): 111-2
SMITH KC, PARKINSON TJ, PEARSON GR, SYLVESTER L, LONG SE. Morphological, histological and histochemical studies of the gonads of ovine freemartins. The Veteterinay Reccord 2003. 152(6): 164-9.
Zeleny R, Bernreuther A, Schimmel H, Pauwels J. Evaluation of PCR-based beef sexing methods. J Agric Food Chem 2002. 50: 4169–75.
Alves BC, Hossepian de Lima VF, Teixeira CM, Moreira-Filho CA. Use of primers derived from a new sequence of the bovine Y chromosome for sexing Bos taurus and Bos indicus embryos. Theriogenology 2003. 59:1415–9.
Sohn SH, Cho EJ, Son WJ, Lee CY. Diagnosis of bovine freemartinism by fluorescence in situ hybridization on interphase nuclei using a bovine Y chromosome-specific DNA probe. Theriogenology 2007. 68 : 1003–1011.
Kadokawa H, Minezawa M, Yamamoto Y, Takahashi M, Shimada K, et al. Freemartinism among singleton bovine females born from multiple embryo transfer. Theriogenology 1995. 44:295-306.
López A, Vásquez S. Costos de producción lechera en Colombia, problemas y oportunidades (Tesis de pregrado). Escuela de Administración. Departamento de Economía. Universidad Eafit 2009;[ Medellín. Acceso 05 de enero de 2019 ] https://repository.eafit.edu.co/bitstream/handle/10784/526/Andres_LopezRamirez_2009.pdf?sequence=1.
ÇOBANOĞLU O. Physiological mechanisms of multiple ovulations and factors affecting twin calving rates in cattle. Uludag University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 2011. 20 (1): 73-82.
Ayala M, Villagomez D, Schweminski S. Estudio citogenético y anatomopatológico del síndrome freemartin en bovinos (Bos taurus). Veterinaria México 2000. 4: 313-320.
Cavalieri J, Farin PW. Birth of a Holstein freemartin calf co-twinned to a schistosomus reflexus fetus. Theriogenology 1999. 52: 815–826.
CHAFFAUX ST, MATEJKA M, CRIBIU EP, CRESPEAU F, EYCHENNE F, et al. Etude cytogenetique, anatomique et histologique de deux brebis romanov freemartins. Rec Med Vet 1987. 163: 15-21
Llambi S, Postiglioni A. Localization of the fragile X chromosome break points in Holstein- Friesian cattle (Bos taurus). Theriogenolgy 1994. 42:789-94.
Wilkes P, Wijeratne W, Munro I. A study of the cytogenetics and reproductive anatomy of freemartin heifers. 4 th europeam colloquium of cytogenetics of domestic animals Departament of animal breeding and genetics faculty of veterinary medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 1980. 104 – 117.
Khan MZ, Foley GL. Retrospective studies on the measurements, karyotyping and pathology of reproductive organs of bovine freemartins. Journal of comparative pathology 1994. 110 (1): 25-36.
Elshabrawy Ghanem M, Yoshida C, Nishibori M, Nakao T, Yamashiro H. A case of freemartin with atresia recti and ani in Japanese Black calf. Animal reproduction science 2005.85: 193-199.
Ennis S, Vaughan L, Gallagher TF. The diagnosis of freemartinism in cattle using sex-specific DNA sequences. Research in Veterinary Science 1999; 67(1):111–112.
Martinez-Royo A, Dervishi E, Alabart J, Jurado J, Folch J, et al. Freemartinism and FecXR allele determination in replacement ewes of the Rasa Aragonesa sheep breed by duplex PCR. Theriogenology 2009; 72: 1148–1152.
sinclair AH, berta P, palmer MS, hawkins JR, smith MI, et al. a gene from the human sex-determinning región encodes a protein with homology to a conserved dna binding motif. nature 1990. 346(6281): 240-244.
Corredor Camargo ES, Páez Barón EM. Freemartinismo o quimerismo XX/XY en bovinos: Revisión. Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental 2009. 0(1): 7-12.
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spelling Trujillo Piso, Dunia Yisela Vaca Bolaños, Edwin Alonso2019-02-07T18:55:08Z2019-02-07T18:55:08Z2019-01-30https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/7274Vaca Bolaños, E. A.(2019). Freemartinismo en ganado bovino. (Tesis de grado). Recuperado de: http://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/ucc/7274El síndrome de Freemartin es una de las anormalidades reproductivas, cuya consecuencia es la disminución en la eficiencia reproductiva de las hembras producidas por partos heterosexuales gemelos, que generan una esterilidad irreversible y la implantación de problemas en el desempeño económico del hato bovino. La frecuencia de esta aberración genética depende del hermanamiento heterosexual en la población, la causa más común de esta patología es la anastomosis fetal que se produce en las primeras etapas del embarazo, de difícil interpretación temprana y altos costos si no se identifica el recién nacido freemartin. El objetivo de la presente revisión es recopilar información actualizada sobre el síndrome, su frecuencia de presentación, fisiopatología y consecuencias.The Freemartin syndrome is one of the reproductive abnormalities, whose consequence is the decrease in the reproductive efficiency of the females produced by twin heterosexual births, which generate an irreversible sterility and the implantation of problems in the economic performance of the bovine herd. The frequency of this genetic aberration depends on heterosexual twinning in the population, the most common cause of this pathology is the fetal anastomosis that occurs in the early stages of pregnancy, of difficult early interpretation and high costs if the newborn freemartin is not identified. The objective of the present review is to compile updated information on the syndrome, its frequency of presentation, pathophysiology and consequences.edwin.vaca@campusucc.edu.co18Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, IbaguéMedicina veterinaria y zootecniaIbaguéHormona AntimulerianaAnastomosisQuimerismoGemelosCariotipoTG 2019 MVZ 7274Antimullerian HormoneAnastomosisChimerismTwinsKaryotypeFreemartinismo en ganado bovinoTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAtribución – No comercial – Compartir igualinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Meinecke B, Kuiper H, Drogemuller C, Leeb T, Meinecke-Tillmann S. A mola hydatidosa coexistent with a foetus in a bovine freemartin pregnancy. Placenta 2003. 24: 107–112.Padula AM.The freemartin syndrome: an update. Animal Reproduction Science 2005.87 :93–109.G N Purohit. Ovarian and oviductal pathologies in the buffalo: Occurrence, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 2014. 3(2): 156-168.Young AS, Kirkpatrick BW. Frequency of leukochimerism in Holstein and Jersey twinsets. Journal of Animal Science 2016. 94(11): 4507–4515.Szczerbala I, Nowacka-Woszuka J, Dzimirab S, Matuszczykc A, Iskrzakc P, Switonskia M.Elevated incidence of freemartinism in pigs detected by droplet digital PCR and cytogenetic techniques. Livestock Science 2019. 219: 52–56.Valencia Alaix F, Johnson Navarro F, Duque Echeverri Á M. Identificación anatómica, citogenética y molecular de un caso de síndrome de Freemartin. Revista Lasallista de Investigación 2005, 2(2):45-49.Esteves A, Bage R, Payan-Carreira R. Freemartinism in cattle. Nova Science Publishers 2012. :99–120.Vigier B, Tran D, Legeai L, Bezard J, Josso N. Origin ofanti-Mullerian hormone in bovine freemartin fetuses. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1984. 70: 473–479.Mikael Nikua, Tiina Pessa-Morikawaa, Leif C. Anderssonb, Antti Iivanainena,. Oligoclonal Peyer’s patch follicles in the terminal small intestine of cattle. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 2002. 26 : 689–695.Hirayama H, Katagiri S, Kageyamaa S, Minamihashi A, Moriyasu S, et al. Rapid sex chromosomal chimerism analysis in heterosexual twin female calves by Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification. Animal Reproduction Science 2007. 101: 38–44.Munsterberg A, Lovell-Badge R. Expression of the mouse anti-Mullerian hormone genes suggests a role in both male and female sexual differentiation. Development 1991. 113(2):613-24.Ayala, M., Villagómez, D., Galindo, J., Sánchez, D., Avila, D., et al. Estudio anatomopatológico, citogenético y molecular del síndrome freemartin en el bovino doméstico (Bos taurus). REDVET, Revista electrónica de Veterinaria 2007, 8 (9): 1 – 15.Cardona Lopera X, Vásquez Cano J F, López Ortiz J B, Correa Estrada L M. Diagnóstico molecular, citogenético y anatomohistopatológico del Síndrome Freemartin en hembras bovinas en Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología 2016. 18 (2): 82-89.del Rio NS, Stewart S, Rapnicki P, Chang YM, Fricke PM. An observational analysis of twin births, calf sex ratio, and calf mortality in Holstein dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2007. 90:1255–6.Hughes I A. Disorders of sex development (DSD) are congenital defects of the reproductive system in which the genitalia are atypical in relation to the sex chromosomes or gonads. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2008. 22: 119–134.Szczerbal I, Switonski M. Chromosome abnormalities in domestic animals as causes of disorders of sex development or impaired fertility. Insights from Animal Reproduction 2016. :207–225.Katragadda S, Patel RK, Kotikalapudi R. Blood cell chimerism (XX/XY) in Murrah buffalo bulls. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Sciense 2013. 42(1): 20-22.Corredor Camargo, E. S, Jiménez Robayo, L.M. Efecto de las anomalías cromosómicas sobre la fertilidad en bovinos. Orinoquia 2005. 9 (1) : 56- 63.Ciotola F, Peretti V, Albarella A, Buonerba R, Beneduce Z, Et al. Chromosome fragility in Freemartin cattle. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2007. 6 (1): 85-87.Meyers-Wallen V N, Patterson DF. Disorders of sexual development in the dog. Current therapy in theriogenology 1986. 2(7): 567-572.Moncaleano, J.S, Jiménez L.M, Sánchez C.A. Quimerismo leucocitario en hembras bovinas nacidas de parto gemelar heterosexual. Revista ORINOQUIA 2006. 10 (2): 37-44MEYERS-WALLEN VN. Gonadal and Sex Differentiation Abnormalities of Dogs and Cats. Sexual Development 2012. 6(1-3): 46-60.Kageyama S, Yoshida I, Kawakura K, Chikuni K. A Novel Repeated Sequence Located on the Bovine Y Chromosome: Its Application to Rapid and Precise Embryo Sexing by PCR. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 2004; 66(5):509-14.SILVA, MONIQUE O.M, DE ARMADA J, VERONA C E, GABRIELA H, NOGUEIRA D M. Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Chimerism in Marmosets (Callithrix: Primates) Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 2017. 89(4):2793-2804.ALMEIDA J, RESENDE AO. Freemartinismo em bovinos: revisão de literatura. RPCV 2012. 107(583-584): 133-141.TARKOWSKI AK. Germ cells in natural and experimental chimaeras in mammals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B biol scien 1970. 259(828): 107-111.Long S. Development and diagnosis of freemartinism in cattle. In Practice rev 1990. 12(5):208-210.Pessa-Morikawa T, Niku M, Livanainen A. Persistent differences in the level of chimerism in B versus T cells of freemartin cattle. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 2004. 28: 77 – 87.Payan-Carreira R, Pires M, Quaresma M, Chaves R, Adega F, et al. A complex intersex condition in a Holstein calf. 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Freemartinismo o quimerismo XX/XY en bovinos: Revisión. 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