Reabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literatura

La presente revisión de literatura acerca de reabsorción radicular externa asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos fue realizada en la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Envigado durante el 2010. La reabsorción radicular externa [RRE] es una manifestación común de la respuesta dental al tratamien...

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Autores:
Luna, Claudia
Sánchez R, Andres
Zapata Z, Eliana
Rendón, Jaime
Tipo de recurso:
Contribution to the magazine
Fecha de publicación:
2011
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
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oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/53604
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/53604
Palabra clave:
Aparatos ortodoncicos
Reabsororción dental
Reabsorción radicular
Orthodontic appliances
Tooth resorption
Root resorption
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openAccess
License
Atribución
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Reabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literatura
title Reabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literatura
spellingShingle Reabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literatura
Aparatos ortodoncicos
Reabsororción dental
Reabsorción radicular
Orthodontic appliances
Tooth resorption
Root resorption
title_short Reabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literatura
title_full Reabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literatura
title_fullStr Reabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literatura
title_full_unstemmed Reabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literatura
title_sort Reabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literatura
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Luna, Claudia
Sánchez R, Andres
Zapata Z, Eliana
Rendón, Jaime
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Luna, Claudia
Sánchez R, Andres
Zapata Z, Eliana
Rendón, Jaime
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Aparatos ortodoncicos
Reabsororción dental
Reabsorción radicular
topic Aparatos ortodoncicos
Reabsororción dental
Reabsorción radicular
Orthodontic appliances
Tooth resorption
Root resorption
dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv Orthodontic appliances
Tooth resorption
Root resorption
description La presente revisión de literatura acerca de reabsorción radicular externa asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos fue realizada en la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Envigado durante el 2010. La reabsorción radicular externa [RRE] es una manifestación común de la respuesta dental al tratamiento ortodóncico. El propósito de esta revisión de literatura consiste en abordar la información científica disponible para tener un conocimiento del desarrollo de este proceso y de los factores relacionados con éste. El análisis cuantitativo de la reabsorción radicular externa mediante el uso tradicional de radiografías y análisis histológicos ha demostrado ser impreciso, difícil de reproducir y técnicamente sensible. Los resultados de esta consulta sugieren hallazgos diversos, incluso contradictorios, con un carácter multifactorial para la reabsorción radicular externa, debido posiblemente a un número reducido de investigaciones de significancia estadística en el campo de la investigación bioquímica y a una mayor asociación con creencias de tipo clínico generadas casi todas desde la observación postratamiento. La aplicación de fuerzas variadas durante el tratamiento ortodóncico produce remodelación úsea y conjuntamente remodelado radicular, incluso durante el periodo posortodóncico (recidiva); por ello el ortodoncista debe comprender este proceso ya que es una complicación frecuente pero impredecible dentro del tratamiento. Es necesario un conjunto de esfuerzos multidisciplinarios que aborden el tema con estudios sistemáticos y proporcionen postulados más confiables; esto brindará al ortodoncista un mayor conocimiento del tema, y así podrá evitar las complicaciones y dismmuir la incidencia de resultados negativos durante el movimiento dental.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2011-02-16
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-11-29T16:26:49Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-11-29T16:26:49Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo de divulgación
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dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.none.fl_str_mv Luna, C., Sánchez R, A., Zapata Z, E. & Rendón, J. (2011). Reabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literatura, 7 (13), p. 33-39
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/53604
identifier_str_mv Luna, C., Sánchez R, A., Zapata Z, E. & Rendón, J. (2011). Reabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literatura, 7 (13), p. 33-39
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv Revista Nacional de Odontología
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv 1. Henry JL, Weinmann JP. The pattern of resorption and repair of human cementum. J Am Dent Assoc. 1951 Mar; 42(3): 270-90.
2. Linge BO, Linge L. Apical root resorption in upper anterior teeth. Eur J Orthod. 1983 Aug; 5(3): 173-83.
3. Davidovitch Z, Gowdin S, Park Y, Taverne A, Dobeck J, Lilly C, et al. Orthodontic treatment: the management of unfavorable sequelae. Ganiofacial growht series, 31. Center for human growht and development, Am Arbor, MI. McNamara JA Jr, Trotman C-A, editors; 1996.
4. Harris EF, Kineret SE, Tolley EA. A heritable com- ponent for external apical root resorption in patients treated orthodontically. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997 Mar; 111(3): 301-9.
5. Kaley J, Phillips C. Factors related to root resorption in edgewise practice. Angle Orthod. 1991; 61(2): 125-32.
6. Ten Hoeve A, Mulie RM. The effect of antero-postero incisor repositioning on the palatal cortex as studied with laminagraphy. J Clin Orthod. 1976 Nov; 10(11): 804-22.
7. Sharpe W, Reed B, Subtelny JD, Polson A. Orthodontic relapse, apical root resorption, and crestal alveolar bone levels. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987 Mar; 91(3): 252-8.
8. Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Root resorption after or- thodontic treatment: Part 1. Literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993 Jan; 103(1): 62-6.
9. Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Root resorption after or- thodontic treatment: Part 2. Literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993 Feb; 103(2): 138-46.
10. Freilich LS. Ultrastructure and Acid Phosphatase Cytochemistry of Odontoclasts: Effects of Parathyroid Extract. Journal of Dental Research. 1971 Sep 1; 50: 1046-55.
11. Jäger A, Zhang D, Kawarizadeh A, Tolba R, Brau- mann B, Lossdörfer S, et al. Soluble cytokine receptor treatment in experimental orthodontic tooth movement in the rat. Eur J Orthod. 2005 Feb; 27(1): 1-11.
12. Linge L, Linge BO. Patient characteristics and treatment variables associated with apical root re- sorption during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991 Jan; 99(1): 35-43.
13. Hartsfield JK Jr, Everett ET, Al-Qawasmi RA. Genetic factors in external apical root resorption and orthodontic treatment. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 2004; 15(2): 115-22.
14. Travess H, Roberts-Harry D, Sandy J. Orthodontics. Part 6: Risks in orthodontic treatment. Br Dent J. 2004 Jan 24; 196(2): 71-7.
15. Newman WG. Possible etiologic factors in external root resorption. Am J Orthod. 1975 May; 67(5): 522-39.
16. Nishioka M, Ioi H, Nakata S, Nakasima A, Count A. Root resorption and immune system factors in th Japanese. Angle Orthod. 2006 Jan; 76(1): 103-8.
17. McNab S, Battistutta D, Taverne A, Symons AL External apical root resorption following orthodonti treatment. Angle Orthod. 2000 Jun; 70(3): 227-32.
18. Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Orthodontically induce inflammatory root resorption. Part I: The basic scienc aspects. Angle Orthod. 2002 Apr; 72(2): 175-9.
19. McNab S, Battistutta D, Taverne A, Symons AL External apical root resorption of posterior teeth in
20. Lee RY, Artun J, Alonzo TA. Are dental anomalies risk factors for apical root resorption in orthodontic patients? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999 Aug; 116(2): 187-95.
21. Mirabella AD, Artun J. Risk factors for apical root re- sorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995 Jul; 108(1): 48-55.
22. Kjaer I. Morphological characteristics of dentitions developing excessive root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Eur] Orthod. 1995 Feb; 17(1): 25-34.
23. King GJ, Latta L, Rutenberg J, Ossi A, Keeling SD. Alveolar bone turnover and tooth movement in male rats after removal of orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997 Mar; 111(3): 266-75.
24. Ferguson D. Oral bioscience. Sandy: Authors OnLine: 2006.
25. Yoshida Y, Sasaki T, Yokoya K, Hiraide T, Shibasaki Y. Cellular roles in relapse processes of experimentally- moved rat molars. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo). 1999; 48(2): 147-57.
26. Terespolsky MS, Brin I, Harari D, Steigman S. The effect of functional occlusal forces on orthodontic tooth movement and tissue recovery in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002 Jun; 121(6): 620-8.
27. Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part II: The clinical as- pects. Angle Orthod. 2002 Apr; 72(2): 180-4.
28. Remington DN, Joondeph DR, Artun J, Riedel RA, Chapko MK. Long-term evaluation of root resorption occurring during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989 Jul: 96(1): 43-6.
29. Janson GR, De Luca Canto G, Martins DR, Henriques JF. De Freitas MR. A radiographic comparison of api cal root resorption after orthodontic treatment with 3 different fixed appliance techniques. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Sep: 118(3): 262-73.
30. Sameshima GT, Sinclair PM. Predicting and preventing root resorption: Part 1. Diagnostic factors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 May; 119(5): 505-10.
31. Sameshima GT, Sinclair PM. Predicting and preventing root resorption: Part II. Treatment factors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 May; 119(5): 511-5.
32. Parker RJ, Harris EF. Directions of orthodontic tooth movements associated with external apical root re-Revista Nacional de Odontología Volumen 7. Número 13-julio-diciembre 2011
33. Copeland S, Green LJ. Root resorption in maxillary central incisors following active orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1986 Ene; 89(1): 51-5.
34. Graber T. Orthodontics: current principles and te- chniques. 4th Ed. St. Louis Mo. [London]: Elsevier Mosby; 2005.
35. Gianelly AA. Force-induced changes in the vascularity of the periodontal ligament. Am J Orthod. 1969 Ene; 55(1): 5-11.
36. Serra E, Perinetti G, D'Attilio M, Cordella C, Paolanto- nio M, Festa F, et al. Lactate dehydrogenase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003 Aug; 124(2): 206-11.
37. Apajalahti S, Sorsa T, Railavo S, Ingman T. The in vivo levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and 8 in gingival crevicular fluid during initial orthodontic tooth movement. J. Dent. Res. 2003 Dec; 82(12): 1018-22.
38. Quinn RS, Yoshikawa DK. A reassessment of force magnitude in orthodontics. Am J Orthod. 1985 Sep; 88(3): 252-60.
39. Lee K-J, Park Y-C, Yu H-S, Choi S-H, Yoo Y-J. Effects of continuous and interrupted orthodontic force on interleukin-1beta and prostaglandin E2 production in gingival crevicular fluid. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Feb; 125(2): 168-77.
40. Toda N, Okamura T. The pharmacology of nitric oxi- de in the peripheral nervous system of blood vessels. Pharmacol. Rev. 2003 Jun; 55(2): 271-324.
41. Murrell EF, Yen EH, Johnson RB. Vascular changes in the periodontal ligament after removal of orthodontic
42. Owman-Moll P, Kurol J, Lundgren P. Effects of doubled orthodontic force magnitude of tooth movement and root resorption. Eur J Orthod. 1996; 18: 141-50.
43. Iwasaki LR, Haack JE, Nickel JC, Morton J. Human tooth movement in response to continuous stress of low magnitude. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Feb; 117(2): 175-83.
44. Kohno T, Matsumoto Y, Kanno Z, Warita H, Soma K. Experimental tooth movement under light orthodontic forces: rates of tooth movement and changes of the periodontium. J Orthod. 2002 Jun; 29(2): 129-35.
45. Hixon EH, Atikian H, Callow GE, McDonald HW, Tacy RJ. Optimal force, differential force, and ancho- rage. Am J Orthod. 1969 May: 55(5): 437-57.
46. Begg P. Kesling P. Differential force in orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod. 1956; 42: 481-510.
47. Falahat B, Ericson S, D'Amico R, Bjerklin k. Incisor Root resorption due to ectopic maxillary canines. A long term radiographic follow up. Angle Orthodontics. 2008; 78(5).
48. Weltman B, Vig K, Fields H, Shanker S, Kailas E. Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth move- ment: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010; 137(4): 462-76.
49. Levander E, Malmgren O. Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: A study of upper incisors. Eur J Orthod. 1988; 10: 30-8.
50. Costopoulos G, Nanda R. An evaluation of root resorp- tion incident to orthodontic intrusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996; 109(5): 543-8.
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spelling Luna, ClaudiaSánchez R, AndresZapata Z, ElianaRendón, JaimeVol.7, No.132023-11-29T16:26:49Z2023-11-29T16:26:49Z2011-02-16https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/53604Luna, C., Sánchez R, A., Zapata Z, E. & Rendón, J. (2011). Reabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literatura, 7 (13), p. 33-39La presente revisión de literatura acerca de reabsorción radicular externa asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos fue realizada en la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Envigado durante el 2010. La reabsorción radicular externa [RRE] es una manifestación común de la respuesta dental al tratamiento ortodóncico. El propósito de esta revisión de literatura consiste en abordar la información científica disponible para tener un conocimiento del desarrollo de este proceso y de los factores relacionados con éste. El análisis cuantitativo de la reabsorción radicular externa mediante el uso tradicional de radiografías y análisis histológicos ha demostrado ser impreciso, difícil de reproducir y técnicamente sensible. Los resultados de esta consulta sugieren hallazgos diversos, incluso contradictorios, con un carácter multifactorial para la reabsorción radicular externa, debido posiblemente a un número reducido de investigaciones de significancia estadística en el campo de la investigación bioquímica y a una mayor asociación con creencias de tipo clínico generadas casi todas desde la observación postratamiento. La aplicación de fuerzas variadas durante el tratamiento ortodóncico produce remodelación úsea y conjuntamente remodelado radicular, incluso durante el periodo posortodóncico (recidiva); por ello el ortodoncista debe comprender este proceso ya que es una complicación frecuente pero impredecible dentro del tratamiento. Es necesario un conjunto de esfuerzos multidisciplinarios que aborden el tema con estudios sistemáticos y proporcionen postulados más confiables; esto brindará al ortodoncista un mayor conocimiento del tema, y así podrá evitar las complicaciones y dismmuir la incidencia de resultados negativos durante el movimiento dental.The present review of literature on external root resorption associated with orthodontic movements was carried out at the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Envigado campus during 2010. External root resorption [ERR] is a common manifestation of the dental response to orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this literature review is in addressing the scientific information available to have a knowledge of the development of this process and the factors related to it. Quantitative analysis of external root resorption through the traditional use of radiographs and histological analyzes has proven to be imprecise, difficult to reproduce, and technically sensitive. The results of this query suggest diverse, even contradictory, findings with a multifactorial nature for external root resorption, possibly due to a small number of investigations of statistical significance in the field of biochemical research and a greater association with clinical beliefs generated almost all from observation. post-treatment. The application of varied forces during orthodontic treatment produces bone remodeling and jointly root remodeling, even during the post-orthodontic period (recurrence); Therefore, the orthodontist must understand this process since it is a frequent but unpredictable complication within the treatment. A set of multidisciplinary efforts is necessary that address the issue with systematic studies and provide more reliable postulates; This will give the orthodontist greater knowledge of the subject, and thus you can avoid complications and reduce the incidence of negative results during tooth movement.p. 61-67Editorial Universidad Cooperativa de ColombiaUniversidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Odontología, Medellín y EnvigadoOdontologíaMedellínAparatos ortodoncicosReabsororción dentalReabsorción radicularOrthodontic appliancesTooth resorptionRoot resorptionReabsorción radicular asociada a movimientos ortodóncicos: Una revisión de literaturaArtículo de divulgaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3e5ahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAtribucióninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Revista Nacional de Odontología1. Henry JL, Weinmann JP. The pattern of resorption and repair of human cementum. J Am Dent Assoc. 1951 Mar; 42(3): 270-90.2. Linge BO, Linge L. Apical root resorption in upper anterior teeth. Eur J Orthod. 1983 Aug; 5(3): 173-83.3. Davidovitch Z, Gowdin S, Park Y, Taverne A, Dobeck J, Lilly C, et al. Orthodontic treatment: the management of unfavorable sequelae. Ganiofacial growht series, 31. Center for human growht and development, Am Arbor, MI. McNamara JA Jr, Trotman C-A, editors; 1996.4. Harris EF, Kineret SE, Tolley EA. A heritable com- ponent for external apical root resorption in patients treated orthodontically. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997 Mar; 111(3): 301-9.5. Kaley J, Phillips C. Factors related to root resorption in edgewise practice. Angle Orthod. 1991; 61(2): 125-32.6. Ten Hoeve A, Mulie RM. The effect of antero-postero incisor repositioning on the palatal cortex as studied with laminagraphy. J Clin Orthod. 1976 Nov; 10(11): 804-22.7. Sharpe W, Reed B, Subtelny JD, Polson A. Orthodontic relapse, apical root resorption, and crestal alveolar bone levels. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987 Mar; 91(3): 252-8.8. Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Root resorption after or- thodontic treatment: Part 1. Literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993 Jan; 103(1): 62-6.9. Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Root resorption after or- thodontic treatment: Part 2. Literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993 Feb; 103(2): 138-46.10. Freilich LS. Ultrastructure and Acid Phosphatase Cytochemistry of Odontoclasts: Effects of Parathyroid Extract. Journal of Dental Research. 1971 Sep 1; 50: 1046-55.11. Jäger A, Zhang D, Kawarizadeh A, Tolba R, Brau- mann B, Lossdörfer S, et al. Soluble cytokine receptor treatment in experimental orthodontic tooth movement in the rat. Eur J Orthod. 2005 Feb; 27(1): 1-11.12. Linge L, Linge BO. Patient characteristics and treatment variables associated with apical root re- sorption during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991 Jan; 99(1): 35-43.13. Hartsfield JK Jr, Everett ET, Al-Qawasmi RA. Genetic factors in external apical root resorption and orthodontic treatment. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 2004; 15(2): 115-22.14. Travess H, Roberts-Harry D, Sandy J. Orthodontics. Part 6: Risks in orthodontic treatment. Br Dent J. 2004 Jan 24; 196(2): 71-7.15. Newman WG. Possible etiologic factors in external root resorption. Am J Orthod. 1975 May; 67(5): 522-39.16. Nishioka M, Ioi H, Nakata S, Nakasima A, Count A. Root resorption and immune system factors in th Japanese. Angle Orthod. 2006 Jan; 76(1): 103-8.17. McNab S, Battistutta D, Taverne A, Symons AL External apical root resorption following orthodonti treatment. Angle Orthod. 2000 Jun; 70(3): 227-32.18. Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Orthodontically induce inflammatory root resorption. Part I: The basic scienc aspects. Angle Orthod. 2002 Apr; 72(2): 175-9.19. McNab S, Battistutta D, Taverne A, Symons AL External apical root resorption of posterior teeth in20. Lee RY, Artun J, Alonzo TA. Are dental anomalies risk factors for apical root resorption in orthodontic patients? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999 Aug; 116(2): 187-95.21. Mirabella AD, Artun J. Risk factors for apical root re- sorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995 Jul; 108(1): 48-55.22. Kjaer I. Morphological characteristics of dentitions developing excessive root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Eur] Orthod. 1995 Feb; 17(1): 25-34.23. King GJ, Latta L, Rutenberg J, Ossi A, Keeling SD. Alveolar bone turnover and tooth movement in male rats after removal of orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997 Mar; 111(3): 266-75.24. Ferguson D. Oral bioscience. Sandy: Authors OnLine: 2006.25. Yoshida Y, Sasaki T, Yokoya K, Hiraide T, Shibasaki Y. Cellular roles in relapse processes of experimentally- moved rat molars. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo). 1999; 48(2): 147-57.26. Terespolsky MS, Brin I, Harari D, Steigman S. The effect of functional occlusal forces on orthodontic tooth movement and tissue recovery in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002 Jun; 121(6): 620-8.27. Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part II: The clinical as- pects. Angle Orthod. 2002 Apr; 72(2): 180-4.28. Remington DN, Joondeph DR, Artun J, Riedel RA, Chapko MK. Long-term evaluation of root resorption occurring during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989 Jul: 96(1): 43-6.29. Janson GR, De Luca Canto G, Martins DR, Henriques JF. De Freitas MR. A radiographic comparison of api cal root resorption after orthodontic treatment with 3 different fixed appliance techniques. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Sep: 118(3): 262-73.30. Sameshima GT, Sinclair PM. Predicting and preventing root resorption: Part 1. Diagnostic factors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 May; 119(5): 505-10.31. Sameshima GT, Sinclair PM. Predicting and preventing root resorption: Part II. Treatment factors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 May; 119(5): 511-5.32. Parker RJ, Harris EF. Directions of orthodontic tooth movements associated with external apical root re-Revista Nacional de Odontología Volumen 7. Número 13-julio-diciembre 201133. Copeland S, Green LJ. Root resorption in maxillary central incisors following active orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1986 Ene; 89(1): 51-5.34. Graber T. Orthodontics: current principles and te- chniques. 4th Ed. St. Louis Mo. [London]: Elsevier Mosby; 2005.35. Gianelly AA. Force-induced changes in the vascularity of the periodontal ligament. Am J Orthod. 1969 Ene; 55(1): 5-11.36. Serra E, Perinetti G, D'Attilio M, Cordella C, Paolanto- nio M, Festa F, et al. 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