Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post- endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objetivos: Esta revisión sistemática y metanálisis tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asociación del tabaquismo con la prevalencia de periodontitis apical postendodóntica en humanos. Materiales y métodos: Realizamos búsquedas en PubMed/Medline, Web of Science y Scopus desde el inicio hasta diciembre de 2...

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Autores:: Rios Osorio, Nestor
Muñoz Alvear, Hernán Dario
Jimenez Castellanos, Fabio Andres
Quijano, Sara
Jimenez, Oscar
Garcia, Herney
Caviedes, Javier

Tipo de recurso:: Article of investigation

Fecha de publicación:: 2022

Institución:: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

Repositorio:: Repositorio UCC

Idioma:

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network_name_str	Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post- endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title	Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post- endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
spellingShingle	Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post- endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis Tratamiento endodontico Periodontitis apical Fumadores Revisión sistematica Root canal treatment Apical periodontitis Cigarette smoking Systematic review
title_short	Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post- endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full	Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post- endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr	Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post- endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post- endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort	Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post- endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Rios Osorio, Nestor Muñoz Alvear, Hernán Dario Jimenez Castellanos, Fabio Andres Quijano, Sara Jimenez, Oscar Garcia, Herney Caviedes, Javier
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Rios Osorio, Nestor Muñoz Alvear, Hernán Dario Jimenez Castellanos, Fabio Andres Quijano, Sara Jimenez, Oscar Garcia, Herney Caviedes, Javier
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Tratamiento endodontico Periodontitis apical Fumadores Revisión sistematica
topic	Tratamiento endodontico Periodontitis apical Fumadores Revisión sistematica Root canal treatment Apical periodontitis Cigarette smoking Systematic review
dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv	Root canal treatment Apical periodontitis Cigarette smoking Systematic review
description	Objetivos: Esta revisión sistemática y metanálisis tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asociación del tabaquismo con la prevalencia de periodontitis apical postendodóntica en humanos. Materiales y métodos: Realizamos búsquedas en PubMed/Medline, Web of Science y Scopus desde el inicio hasta diciembre de 2020. El riesgo de sesgo se realizó mediante el uso de la escala de Newcastle-Ottawa para estudios transversales, de cohortes y de casos y controles. Realizamos el análisis estadístico en Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3). Resultados: 6 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para la síntesis cualitativa y cuantitativa. El análisis estadístico de estos estudios sugiere que no hubo diferencias en la prevalencia de la periodontitis apical (PA) posendodóntica al comparar sujetos no fumadores versus fumadores con respecto a los pacientes (odds ratio [OR], 0,68; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 0,31). –1,49; I2 = 58 %) y dientes (OR, 1,71; IC 95 %, 0,99–2,93; I2 = 72 %). Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que no hubo asociación entre el tabaquismo y la periodontitis apical postendodóntica, ya que no encontramos diferencias estadísticas en la prevalencia de PA postendodóntica al comparar sujetos no fumadores vs fumadores. Por lo tanto, el tabaquismo no debe considerarse un factor de riesgo asociado al fracaso endodóntico.
publishDate	2022
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2022-06-13
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2023-08-15T21:40:57Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2023-08-15T21:40:57Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Artículos Científicos
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dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv	2234-7666
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	10.5395/rde.2022.47.e27 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/52454
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.none.fl_str_mv	Ríos-Osorio N, Muñoz-Alvear HD, Jiménez-Castellanos FA, Quijano-Guauque S, Jiménez-Peña O, García-Perdomo HA, Caviedes-Bucheli J. Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post-endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Restor Dent Endod. 2022 Jun 13;47(3):e27.
identifier_str_mv	2234-7666 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e27 Ríos-Osorio N, Muñoz-Alvear HD, Jiménez-Castellanos FA, Quijano-Guauque S, Jiménez-Peña O, García-Perdomo HA, Caviedes-Bucheli J. Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post-endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Restor Dent Endod. 2022 Jun 13;47(3):e27.
url	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/52454
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv	Restorative Denstistry and Endodontics
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv	Calafat AM, Polzin GM, Saylor J, Richter P, Ashley DL, Watson CH. Determination of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields in the mainstream smoke of selected international cigarettes. Tob Control 2004;13:45-51. Manuela R, Mario M, Vincenzo R, Filippo R. Nicotine stimulation increases proliferation and matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -28 expression in human dental pulp cells. Life Sci 2015;135:49-54. Kissela BM, Khoury J, Kleindorfer D, Woo D, Schneider A, Alwell K, Miller R, Ewing I, Moomaw CJ, Szaflarski JP, Gebel J, Shukla R, Broderick JP. Epidemiology of ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes: the greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study. Diabetes Care 2005;28:355-359. Esfahrood ZR, Zamanian A, Torshabi M, Abrishami M. The effect of nicotine and cotinine on human gingival fibroblasts attachment to root surfaces. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2015;26:517-522. Kinnula VL. Focus on antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant strategies in smoking related airway diseases. Thorax 2005;60:693-700. Reibel J. Tobacco and oral diseases. Update on the evidence, with recommendations. Med Princ Pract 2003;12 Suppl 1:22-32. Cano M, Thimmalappula R, Fujihara M, Nagai N, Sporn M, Wang AL, Neufeld AH, Biswal S, Handa JT. Cigarette smoking, oxidative stress, the anti-oxidant response through Nrf2 signaling, and Age-related Macular Degeneration. Vision Res 2010;50:652-664. Özsezer Demiryürek E, Sakallıoğlu EE, Kalyoncuoğlu E, Yılmaz Miroğlu Y, Sakallıoğlu U. The effects of smoking on the osmotic pressure of human dental pulp tissue. Med Princ Pract 2015;24:465-469. Scott DA, Poston RN, Wilson RF, Coward PY, Palmer RM. The influence of vitamin C on systemic markers of endothelial and inflammatory cell activation in smokers and non-smokers. Inflamm Res 2005;54:138-144. Krall EA, Abreu Sosa C, Garcia C, Nunn ME, Caplan DJ, Garcia RI. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of root canal treatment. J Dent Res 2006;85:313-317. Caviedes-Bucheli J, Gomez-Sosa JF, Azuero-Holguin MM, Ormeño-Gomez M, Pinto-Pascual V, Munoz HR. Angiogenic mechanisms of human dental pulp and their relationship with substance P expression in response to occlusal trauma. Int Endod J 2017;50:339-351. Ríos-Osorio N, Muñoz-Alvear HD, Montoya Cañón S, Restrepo-Mendez S, Aguilera-Rojas SE, Jiménez- Peña O, García-Perdomo HA. Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the evolution of endodontic pathology. Quintessence Int 2020;51:100-107. Fröhlich M, Sund M, Löwel H, Imhof A, Hoffmeister A, Koenig W. Independent association of various smoking characteristics with markers of systemic inflammation in men. Results from a representative sample of the general population (MONICA Augsburg Survey 1994/95). Eur Heart J 2003;24:1365-1372. Ijzerman RG, Serne EH, van Weissenbruch MM, de Jongh RT, Stehouwer CD. Cigarette smoking is associated with an acute impairment of microvascular function in humans. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003;104:247-252. Barbieri SS, Zacchi E, Amadio P, Gianellini S, Mussoni L, Weksler BB, Tremoli E. Cytokines present in smokers’ serum interact with smoke components to enhance endothelial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2011;90:475-483. Johannsen A, Susin C, Gustafsson A. Smoking and inflammation: evidence for a synergistic role in chronic disease. Periodontol 2000 2014;64:111-126. Pinto KP, Ferreira CM, Maia LC, Sassone LM, Fidalgo TK, Silva EJ. Does tobacco smoking predispose to apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment need? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 2020;53:1068-1083. Aminoshariae A, Kulild J, Gutmann J. The association between smoking and periapical periodontitis: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2020;24:533-545. Urrútia G, Bonfill X. PRISMA declaration: a proposal to improve the publication of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Med Clin (Barc) 2010;135:507-511. Wells GA, Shea B, O’Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses [Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; 2019 [cited 2020 Nov 4]. Available from: http://www.ohri.ca/ programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp. Bergström J, Babcan J, Eliasson S. Tobacco smoking and dental periapical condition. Eur J Oral Sci 2004;112:115-120. Segura-Egea JJ, Jiménez-Pinzón A, Ríos-Santos JV, Velasco-Ortega E, Cisneros-Cabello R, Poyato-Ferrera MM. High prevalence of apical periodontitis amongst smokers in a sample of Spanish adults. Int Endod J 2008;41:310-316. Sopińska K, Bołtacz-Rzepkowska E. The influence of tobacco smoking on dental periapical condition in a sample of an adult population of the Łódź region, Poland. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2020;33:45-57. Bahammam LA. Tobacco smoking and dental periapical condition in a sample of Saudi Arabian sub- population. J King Abdulaziz Univ Med Sci 2012;19:35-41. Peršić Bukmir R, Jurčević Grgić M, Brumini G, Spalj S, Pezelj-Ribaric S, Brekalo Pršo I. Influence of tobacco smoking on dental periapical condition in a sample of Croatian adults. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016;128:260-265. Segura-Egea JJ, Castellanos-Cosano L, Velasco-Ortega E, Ríos-Santos JV, Llamas-Carreras JM, Machuca G, López-Frías FJ. Relationship between smoking and endodontic variables in hypertensive patients. J Endod 2011;37:764-767. Metzger Z, Abramovitz I. Periapical lesions of endodontic origin. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK, Baumgartner JC, editors. Ingle’s endodontics. 6th ed. Hamilton, ON: BC Decker; 2009. p494-519. Kettering JD, Torabinejad M, Jones SL. Specificity of antibodies present in human periapical lesions. J Endod 1991;17:213-216. Baumgartner JC, Falkler WA Jr. Biosynthesis of IgG in periapical lesion explant cultures. J Endod 1991;17:143-146. Lieberman JR, Daluiski A, Einhorn TA. The role of growth factors in the repair of bone. Biology and clinical applications. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1032-1044. Hofbauer LC, Heufelder AE. Role of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin in bone cell biology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2001;79:243-253. Hofbauer LC, Kühne CA, Viereck V. The OPG/RANKL/RANK system in metabolic bone diseases. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2004;4:268-275. Holland R, Gomes JE, Cintra LTA, Queiroz ÍOA, Estrela C. Factors affecting the periapical healing process of endodontically treated teeth. J Appl Oral Sci 2017;25:465-476. Maeda H, Wada N, Nakamuta H, Akamine A. Human periapical granulation tissue contains osteogenic cells. Cell Tissue Res 2004;315:203-208. Ørstavik D. Time-course and risk analyses of the development and healing of chronic apical periodontitis in man. Int Endod J 1996;29:150-155. Ng YL, Mann V, Rahbaran S, Lewsey J, Gulabivala K. Outcome of primary root canal treatment: systematic review of the literature - part 1. Effects of study characteristics on probability of success. Int Endod J 2007;40:921-939. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Riche FN, Provenzano JC. Clinical outcome of the endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis using an antimicrobial protocol. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;106:757-762. Azim AA, Griggs JA, Huang GT. The Tennessee study: factors affecting treatment outcome and healing time following nonsurgical root canal treatment. Int Endod J 2016;49:6-16. Duncan HF, Pitt Ford TR. The potential association between smoking and endodontic disease. Int Endod J 2006;39:843-854. Segura-Egea JJ, Martín-González J, Castellanos-Cosano L. Endodontic medicine: connections between apical periodontitis and systemic diseases. Int Endod J 2015;48:933-951. Lehr HA. Microcirculatory dysfunction induced by cigarette smoking. Microcirculation 2000;7:367-384. Wong LS, Green HM, Feugate JE, Yadav M, Nothnagel EA, Martins-Green M. Effects of “second-hand” smoke on structure and function of fibroblasts, cells that are critical for tissue repair and remodeling. BMC Cell Biol 2004;5:13. Marending M, Peters OA, Zehnder M. Factors affecting the outcome of orthograde root canal therapy in a general dentistry hospital practice. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005;99:119-124. Touré B, Faye B, Kane AW, Lo CM, Niang B, Boucher Y. Analysis of reasons for extraction of endodontically treated teeth: a prospective study. J Endod 2011;37:1512-1515. Danin J, Linder LE, Lundqvist G, Andersson L. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta1 in chronic periapical lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90:514-517. Wu MK, Shemesh H, Wesselink PR. Limitations of previously published systematic reviews evaluating the outcome of endodontic treatment. Int Endod J 2009;42:656-666. Patel S, Dawood A, Whaites E, Pitt Ford T. New dimensions in endodontic imaging: part 1. Conventional and alternative radiographic systems. Int Endod J 2009;42:447-462.
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Endodontics Department, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia Kyung-San Min
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publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Endodontics Department, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia Kyung-San Min
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spelling	Rios Osorio, NestorMuñoz Alvear, Hernán DarioJimenez Castellanos, Fabio AndresQuijano, SaraJimenez, OscarGarcia, HerneyCaviedes, Javier472023-08-15T21:40:57Z2023-08-15T21:40:57Z2022-06-132234-766610.5395/rde.2022.47.e27https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/52454Ríos-Osorio N, Muñoz-Alvear HD, Jiménez-Castellanos FA, Quijano-Guauque S, Jiménez-Peña O, García-Perdomo HA, Caviedes-Bucheli J. Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post-endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Restor Dent Endod. 2022 Jun 13;47(3):e27.Objetivos: Esta revisión sistemática y metanálisis tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asociación del tabaquismo con la prevalencia de periodontitis apical postendodóntica en humanos. Materiales y métodos: Realizamos búsquedas en PubMed/Medline, Web of Science y Scopus desde el inicio hasta diciembre de 2020. El riesgo de sesgo se realizó mediante el uso de la escala de Newcastle-Ottawa para estudios transversales, de cohortes y de casos y controles. Realizamos el análisis estadístico en Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3). Resultados: 6 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para la síntesis cualitativa y cuantitativa. El análisis estadístico de estos estudios sugiere que no hubo diferencias en la prevalencia de la periodontitis apical (PA) posendodóntica al comparar sujetos no fumadores versus fumadores con respecto a los pacientes (odds ratio [OR], 0,68; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 0,31). –1,49; I2 = 58 %) y dientes (OR, 1,71; IC 95 %, 0,99–2,93; I2 = 72 %). Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que no hubo asociación entre el tabaquismo y la periodontitis apical postendodóntica, ya que no encontramos diferencias estadísticas en la prevalencia de PA postendodóntica al comparar sujetos no fumadores vs fumadores. Por lo tanto, el tabaquismo no debe considerarse un factor de riesgo asociado al fracaso endodóntico.Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association of cigarette smoking with the prevalence of post-endodontic apical periodontitis in humans. Materials and Methods: We searched through PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to December 2020. Risk of bias was performed by using the Newcastle- Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies. We performed the statistical analysis in Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3). Results: 6 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Statistical analysis of these studies suggests that there were no differences in the prevalence of post endodontic apical periodontitis (AP) when comparing non-smokers vs smoker subjects regarding patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31–1.49; I2 = 58%) and teeth (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 0.99–2.93; I2 = 72%). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there was no association between cigarette smoking and post-endodontic apical periodontitis, as we did not find statistical differences in the prevalence of post-endodontic AP when comparing non-smokers vs smoker subjects. Therefore, smoking should not be considered a risk factor associated with endodontic failure.1. Resumen 2. Introducción 3. Materiales y Metodos 4. Resultados 5. Discusión 6. Conclusiónhttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000149405https://orcid.org/my-orcid?orcid=0000-0002-4327-4242https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000002911hernan.munoz@campusucc.edu.co14Endodontics Department, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, ColombiaKyung-San MinEspecialización en endodonciaPastoTratamiento endodonticoPeriodontitis apicalFumadoresRevisión sistematicaRoot canal treatmentApical periodontitisCigarette smokingSystematic reviewAssociation between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post- endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysisArtículos Científicoshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAtribución – No comercial – Compartir igualinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Restorative Denstistry and EndodonticsCalafat AM, Polzin GM, Saylor J, Richter P, Ashley DL, Watson CH. Determination of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields in the mainstream smoke of selected international cigarettes. Tob Control 2004;13:45-51.Manuela R, Mario M, Vincenzo R, Filippo R. Nicotine stimulation increases proliferation and matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -28 expression in human dental pulp cells. Life Sci 2015;135:49-54.Kissela BM, Khoury J, Kleindorfer D, Woo D, Schneider A, Alwell K, Miller R, Ewing I, Moomaw CJ, Szaflarski JP, Gebel J, Shukla R, Broderick JP. Epidemiology of ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes: the greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study. Diabetes Care 2005;28:355-359.Esfahrood ZR, Zamanian A, Torshabi M, Abrishami M. The effect of nicotine and cotinine on human gingival fibroblasts attachment to root surfaces. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2015;26:517-522.Kinnula VL. Focus on antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant strategies in smoking related airway diseases. Thorax 2005;60:693-700.Reibel J. Tobacco and oral diseases. Update on the evidence, with recommendations. Med Princ Pract 2003;12 Suppl 1:22-32.Cano M, Thimmalappula R, Fujihara M, Nagai N, Sporn M, Wang AL, Neufeld AH, Biswal S, Handa JT. Cigarette smoking, oxidative stress, the anti-oxidant response through Nrf2 signaling, and Age-related Macular Degeneration. Vision Res 2010;50:652-664.Özsezer Demiryürek E, Sakallıoğlu EE, Kalyoncuoğlu E, Yılmaz Miroğlu Y, Sakallıoğlu U. The effects of smoking on the osmotic pressure of human dental pulp tissue. Med Princ Pract 2015;24:465-469.Scott DA, Poston RN, Wilson RF, Coward PY, Palmer RM. The influence of vitamin C on systemic markers of endothelial and inflammatory cell activation in smokers and non-smokers. Inflamm Res 2005;54:138-144.Krall EA, Abreu Sosa C, Garcia C, Nunn ME, Caplan DJ, Garcia RI. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of root canal treatment. J Dent Res 2006;85:313-317.Caviedes-Bucheli J, Gomez-Sosa JF, Azuero-Holguin MM, Ormeño-Gomez M, Pinto-Pascual V, Munoz HR. Angiogenic mechanisms of human dental pulp and their relationship with substance P expression in response to occlusal trauma. Int Endod J 2017;50:339-351.Ríos-Osorio N, Muñoz-Alvear HD, Montoya Cañón S, Restrepo-Mendez S, Aguilera-Rojas SE, Jiménez- Peña O, García-Perdomo HA. Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the evolution of endodontic pathology. Quintessence Int 2020;51:100-107.Fröhlich M, Sund M, Löwel H, Imhof A, Hoffmeister A, Koenig W. Independent association of various smoking characteristics with markers of systemic inflammation in men. Results from a representative sample of the general population (MONICA Augsburg Survey 1994/95). Eur Heart J 2003;24:1365-1372.Ijzerman RG, Serne EH, van Weissenbruch MM, de Jongh RT, Stehouwer CD. Cigarette smoking is associated with an acute impairment of microvascular function in humans. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003;104:247-252.Barbieri SS, Zacchi E, Amadio P, Gianellini S, Mussoni L, Weksler BB, Tremoli E. Cytokines present in smokers’ serum interact with smoke components to enhance endothelial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2011;90:475-483.Johannsen A, Susin C, Gustafsson A. Smoking and inflammation: evidence for a synergistic role in chronic disease. Periodontol 2000 2014;64:111-126.Pinto KP, Ferreira CM, Maia LC, Sassone LM, Fidalgo TK, Silva EJ. Does tobacco smoking predispose to apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment need? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 2020;53:1068-1083.Aminoshariae A, Kulild J, Gutmann J. The association between smoking and periapical periodontitis: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2020;24:533-545.Urrútia G, Bonfill X. PRISMA declaration: a proposal to improve the publication of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Med Clin (Barc) 2010;135:507-511.Wells GA, Shea B, O’Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses [Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; 2019 [cited 2020 Nov 4]. Available from: http://www.ohri.ca/ programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp.Bergström J, Babcan J, Eliasson S. Tobacco smoking and dental periapical condition. Eur J Oral Sci 2004;112:115-120.Segura-Egea JJ, Jiménez-Pinzón A, Ríos-Santos JV, Velasco-Ortega E, Cisneros-Cabello R, Poyato-Ferrera MM. High prevalence of apical periodontitis amongst smokers in a sample of Spanish adults. Int Endod J 2008;41:310-316.Sopińska K, Bołtacz-Rzepkowska E. The influence of tobacco smoking on dental periapical condition in a sample of an adult population of the Łódź region, Poland. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2020;33:45-57.Bahammam LA. Tobacco smoking and dental periapical condition in a sample of Saudi Arabian sub- population. J King Abdulaziz Univ Med Sci 2012;19:35-41.Peršić Bukmir R, Jurčević Grgić M, Brumini G, Spalj S, Pezelj-Ribaric S, Brekalo Pršo I. Influence of tobacco smoking on dental periapical condition in a sample of Croatian adults. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016;128:260-265.Segura-Egea JJ, Castellanos-Cosano L, Velasco-Ortega E, Ríos-Santos JV, Llamas-Carreras JM, Machuca G, López-Frías FJ. Relationship between smoking and endodontic variables in hypertensive patients. J Endod 2011;37:764-767.Metzger Z, Abramovitz I. Periapical lesions of endodontic origin. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK, Baumgartner JC, editors. Ingle’s endodontics. 6th ed. Hamilton, ON: BC Decker; 2009. p494-519.Kettering JD, Torabinejad M, Jones SL. Specificity of antibodies present in human periapical lesions. J Endod 1991;17:213-216.Baumgartner JC, Falkler WA Jr. Biosynthesis of IgG in periapical lesion explant cultures. J Endod 1991;17:143-146.Lieberman JR, Daluiski A, Einhorn TA. The role of growth factors in the repair of bone. Biology and clinical applications. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:1032-1044.Hofbauer LC, Heufelder AE. 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

Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post- endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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