Uso de Ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018)

Este artículo de revisión presenta un estado del arte actualizado al año 2018 de los estudios científicos sobre el uso de la ractopamina en cerdos durante la última década. A través de la búsqueda y clasificación de documentos indexados en las bases de datos EBSCO y Google Académico se logra determi...

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Autores:
Veloza Guio, Johanna Carolina
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2018
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
Idioma:
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/6092
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/6092
Palabra clave:
Cerdos
Finalización
Grasa
Músculo
Producción
Ractopamina
Pigs
Finishing
Fat
Muscle
Production
Ractopamine
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
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network_name_str Repositorio UCC
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Uso de Ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018)
title Uso de Ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018)
spellingShingle Uso de Ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018)
Cerdos
Finalización
Grasa
Músculo
Producción
Ractopamina
Pigs
Finishing
Fat
Muscle
Production
Ractopamine
title_short Uso de Ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018)
title_full Uso de Ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018)
title_fullStr Uso de Ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018)
title_full_unstemmed Uso de Ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018)
title_sort Uso de Ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018)
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Veloza Guio, Johanna Carolina
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Pérez Rubio, María del Rocío
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Veloza Guio, Johanna Carolina
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Cerdos
Finalización
Grasa
Músculo
Producción
Ractopamina
topic Cerdos
Finalización
Grasa
Músculo
Producción
Ractopamina
Pigs
Finishing
Fat
Muscle
Production
Ractopamine
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv Pigs
Finishing
Fat
Muscle
Production
Ractopamine
description Este artículo de revisión presenta un estado del arte actualizado al año 2018 de los estudios científicos sobre el uso de la ractopamina en cerdos durante la última década. A través de la búsqueda y clasificación de documentos indexados en las bases de datos EBSCO y Google Académico se logra determinar los enfoques que han tenido las investigaciones sobre el tema, las posturas existentes y el prominente avance de la academia brasileña en la región como forma de soportar las exportaciones nacionales de carne porcina en comparación a otros países de la región
publishDate 2018
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2018-12-04T17:43:08Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2018-12-04T17:43:08Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2018-12-04
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/6092
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv Veloza Guio. J. C.(2018). Uso de ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018) (Tésis de Pregrado). Recuperado de: http://repository.ucc.edu.co/
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/6092
identifier_str_mv Veloza Guio. J. C.(2018). Uso de ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018) (Tésis de Pregrado). Recuperado de: http://repository.ucc.edu.co/
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Aalhus, J., Jones, J., Schaefer, A., Tong, A., Robertson, W., Murray, A. Y Merrill, J. (1990). The effect of ractopamine on performance, carcass composition and meat quality of finishing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 70: 943-952.
Agostini, P. S., Silva, C. A., Bridi, A. M., Abrami, R. A. M., Pacheco, G. D., Lozano, A. P., & Bonafé, E. G. (2011). Efeito da ractopamina na performance e na fisiologia do suíno. Archivos de zootecnia, 60(231), 659-670.
Alfredo, M., Nino, M., Rodrigo, H. M. M., Karine, V. G., Fabio, M., Sarita, P. G., & Alessandro, G. (2017). Laboratory validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the detection of ractopamine, clenbuterol and salbutamol in bovine and swine muscle at sub-μg kgâ 1 regulatory limits. Food additives & contaminants.
Almeida, E. C. D., Fialho, E. T., Rodrigues, P. B., Zangeronimo, M. G., Lima, J. A. D. F., & Fontes, D. D. O. (2010). Ractopamine and lysine levels on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(9), 1961-1968.
Almeida, V. V. D., Berenchtein, B., Costa, L. B., Tse, M. L. P., Braz, D. B., & Miyada, V. S. (2010). Ractopamina, cromo-metionina e suas combinações como aditivos modificadores do metabolismo de suínos em crescimento e terminação. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(9), 1969-1977.
Almeida, V. V. D., Nuñez, A. J. C., & Miyada, V. S. (2012). Ractopamine as a metabolic modifier feed additive for finishing pigs: a review. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 55(3), 445-456.
Bark, L. J., Stahly, T. S., Cromwell, G. L., & Miyat, J. (1992). Influence of genetic capacity for lean tissue growth on rate and efficiency of tissue accretion in pigs fed ractopamine. Journal of animal science, 70(11), 3391-3400.
Baytak, A. K., Teker, T., Duzmen, S., & Aslanoglu, M. (2016). A novel voltammetric sensor based on carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles of antimony tin oxide for the determination of ractopamine. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 59, 368-374.
Bergen, W. G., Johnson, S. E., Skjaerlund, D. M., Babiker, A. S., Ames, N. K., Merkel, R. A., & Anderson, D. B. (1989). Muscle protein metabolism in finishing pigs fed ractopamine. Journal of animal science, 67(9), 2255-2262.
Boler, D. D., Holmer, S. F., Duncan, D. A., Carr, S. N., Ritter, M. J., Stites, C. R., & Killefer, J. (2011). Fresh meat and further processing characteristics of ham muscles from finishing pigs fed ractopamine hydrochloride. Journal of animal science, 89(1), 210-220.
Brumatti, R. C., & Kiefer, C. (2010). Simulação técnico-econômica da inclusão de ractopamina em dietas de suínos em terminação Technical-economic simulation of ractopamine inclusion in diets for finishing pigs. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 62(1), 163-171.
Carr, S. N., Hamilton, D. N., Miller, K. D., Schroeder, A. L., Fernández-Dueñas, D., Killefer, J., & McKeith, F. K. (2009). The effect of ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean®) on lean carcass yields and pork quality characteristics of heavy pigs fed normal and amino acid fortified diets. Meat science, 81(3), 533-539.
Carr, S., Rincker, P., Killefer, J., Baker, D., Ellis, H & McKeith, F. (2005). Effects of different cereal grains and ractopamine hydrochloride on performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality in late-finishing pigs, Journal of Animal Science, 83(1), 223–230.
Cervo, G. D. (2012). Métodos de castração associados à adição de ractopamina em dieta suína e seus efeitos no processamento e qualidade de salame tipo italiano.
Coelho, O. A. M. (2016). Ractopamina em carne suína: validação de método por ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática e estudo de ocorrência.
Conjugado, R. E. Á. L. (2010). Capítulo 2 ractopamina e ácido linoléico conjugado: desempenho, digestibilidade aparente e parâmetros sanguíneos de suínos em terminação resumo. Ractopamina e ácido linoléico conjugado em dietas de suínos em terminação, 40(2), 34-45.
Crome, P., McKeith, F., Carr, T., Jones, D., Mowrey,H., Cannon, J. (1996). Effect of ractopamine on growth performance, carcass composition, and cutting yields of pigs slaughtered at 107 and 125 kilograms, Journal of Animal Science, 74(4), 709–716, https://doi.org/10.2527/1996.744709x
Dunshea, F. R., & King, R. H. (1995). Responses to homeostatic signals in ractopamine-treated pigs. British Journal of Nutrition, 73(6), 809-818.
Echeverry Zuluaga, J. J., Gómez Zapata, A., & Parra Suescún, J. E. (2008). Efectos de un B-adrenérgico comercial y varios niveles de lisina sobre la ganancia de peso de cerdos en finalización. Revista Lasallista de Investigación, 5(1).
Feddern, V., Aroeira, C. N., Gressler, V., & Dalla Costa, O. A. Resíduos de ractopamina em carne e farinha de carne e ossos de suínos. In Embrapa Suínos e Aves-Artigo em anais de congresso (ALICE). In: WORKSHOP CBNA SOBRE ALIMENTOS SEGUROS, 2017, Campinas. Anais... Campinas: CBNA, 2017.
Fernández-Dueñas, D. M., Myers, A. J., Scramlin, S. M., Parks, C. W., Carr, S. N., Killefer, J., & McKeith, F. K. (2008). Carcass, meat quality, and sensory characteristics of heavy body weight pigs fed ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean). Journal of animal science, 86(12), 3544-3550.
Freire, E. F. (2010). Desenvolvimento e validação de métodos para análise de Ractopamina na matéria-prima, no produto Ractosuin®, no complexo vitamínico-mineral e na ração para suínos em terminação (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo).
Gómez Zapata, A., Parra Suescún, J. E., & Echeverri Zuluaga, J. J. (2008). Efectos de un β-adrenérgico comercial y varios niveles de lisina sobre la ganancia de peso de cerdos en finalización.
Grant, A. L., Skjaerlund, D. M., Helferich, W. G., Bergen, W. G., & Merkel, R. A. (1993). Skeletal muscle growth and expression of skeletal muscle alpha-actin mRNA and insulin-like growth factor I mRNA in pigs during feeding and withdrawal of ractopamine. Journal of animal science, 71(12), 3319-3326.
Hinson, R. B., Wiegand, B. R., Ritter, M. J., Allee, G. L., & Carr, S. N. (2011). Impact of dietary energy level and ractopamine on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs. Journal of animal science, 89(11), 3572-3579.
Kiefer, C., & Sanches, J. F. (2009). Metanálise dos níveis de ractopamina em dietas para suínos em terminação.
Kutzler, L. W., Holmer, S. F., Boler, D. D., Carr, S. N., Ritter, M. J., Parks, C. W., & Killefer, J. (2011). Comparison of varying doses and durations of ractopamine hydrochloride on late-finishing pig carcass characteristics and meat quality. Journal of animal science, 89(7), 2176-2188.
Leonardo, E. F. A expressão da isoforma de calpastatina responsiva à ractopamina altera a maciez da carne, com implicações na eficiência de crescimento de suínos (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo).
Mariezcurrena-Berasain, M. A., Braña-Varela, D., Mariezcurrena-Berasain, M. D., Domínguez-Vara, I. A., Méndez-Medina, D., & Rubio-Lozano, M. S. (2012). Características químicas y sensoriales de la carne de cerdo, en función del consumo de dietas con ractopamina y diferentes concentraciones de lisina. Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias, 3(4), 427-438.
Meza, J. A. B., Gurrola, A. G., Ballesteros, J. A. H., & Méndez, R. N. (2017). Efecto de la ractopamina sobre rendimiento productivo y de la canal en cerdos comerciales. EDUCATECONCIENCIA, 13(14).
Mills, S. E., Liu, C. Y., Gu, Y., & Schinckel, A. P. (1990). Effects of ractopamine on adipose tissue metabolism and insulin binding in finishing hogs. Interaction with genotype and slaughter weight. Domestic animal endocrinology, 7(2), 251-263.
Mitchell, A. D., Solomon, M. B., & Steele, N. C. (1990). Response of low and high protein select lines of pigs to the feeding of the beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine (phenethanolamine). Journal of Animal Science, 68(10), 3226-3232.
Mitchell, A. D., Solomon, M. B., & Steele, N. C. (1991). Influence of level of dietary protein or energy on effects of ractopamine in finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science, 69(11), 4487-4495.
Montes, A. N., Granja, R. H. M. M., Reche, K. V. G., Giannotti, F. M., Ferrari, S. P. G., Dos, A. S., ... & Salerno, A. G. (2017). Laboratory validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the detection of ractopamine, clenbuterol and salbutamol in bovine and swine muscle at sub-μg kg-1 regulatory limits. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment, 34(5), 785-792.
Moore, K. L., Dunshea, F. R., Mullan, B. P., Hennessy, D. P., & D’Souza, D. N. (2009). Ractopamine supplementation increases lean deposition in entire and immunocastrated male pigs. Animal Production Science, 49(12), 1113-1119.
Moraes, E., Kiefer, C., & Silva, I. S. (2010). Ractopamina em dietas para suínos machos imunocastrados, castrados e fêmeas. Ciência Rural, 40(2), 409-414.
Pérez, A., Obispo, N., Palma, J. y Chicco, C. (2005). Effect of ractopamine and lysine levels on the performance of leaning pigs in the finishing phase. Zootecnia Tropical, 23(4), 429-445.
Pleadin, J., Perši, N., Vulić, A., Milić, D., & Vahčić, N. (2012). Determination of residual ractopamine concentrations by enzyme immunoassay in treated pig's tissues on days after withdrawal. Meat science, 90(3), 755-758.
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Rincón, F. G. R., Bautista, J. H., Gaxiola, H. R. G., González, F. A. N., Obregón, J. F., & Loera, J. J. P. (2010). Nivel de adición de HCI-ractopamina en la respuesta productiva, características de la canal y calidad de la carne de cerdos. Nacameh, 4(2), 85-95.
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Silva, L. C. C. (2015). Efeitos da ractopamina e da imunocastração de suínos nas características da barriga e na qualidade do bacon.
Souza Cantarelli, V. D., Fialho, E. T., Caperuto de Almeida, E., Zangeronimo, M. G., Oliveira Amaral, N. D., & Freitas Lima, J. A. D. (2009). Características da carcaça e viabilidade econômica do uso de cloridrato de ractopamina para suínos em terminação com alimentação à vontade ou restrita. Ciência Rural, 39(3).
Suescún, J. E. P., & Sánchez, H. A. E. (2008). Efecto de varios niveles de treonina: lisina sobre paramétros productivos en cerdos en finalizacion tratados con ractopamina. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, 61(1), 4400-4408.
Sung, I. K., Park, S. J., Kang, K., Kim, M. Y., & Cho, S. (2015). Development and Application of a Method for Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Three β-agonists (Clenbuterol, Ractopamine, and Zilpaterol) using Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry. Korean journal for food science of animal resources, 35(1), 121.
Wang, J. P., Zhang, S. X., & Shen, J. Z. (2006). A monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay for determination of ractopamine in swine feeds. Journal of animal science, 84(5), 1248-1251.
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Xu, Z., Hu, Y., Hu, Y., & Li, G. (2010). Investigation of ractopamine molecularly imprinted stir bar sorptive extraction and its application for trace analysis of β2-agonists in complex samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 1217(22), 3612-3618.
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Zhang, L. Y., Chang, B. Y., Dong, T., He, P. L., Yang, W. J., & Wang, Z. Y. (2009). Simultaneous Determination of Salbutamol, Ractopamine, and Clenbuterol in Animal Feeds by SPE and LC—MS. Journal of chromatographic science, 47(4), 324-328.
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spelling Pérez Rubio, María del Rocío Veloza Guio, Johanna Carolina2018-12-04T17:43:08Z2018-12-04T17:43:08Z2018-12-04https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/6092Veloza Guio. J. C.(2018). Uso de ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018) (Tésis de Pregrado). Recuperado de: http://repository.ucc.edu.co/Este artículo de revisión presenta un estado del arte actualizado al año 2018 de los estudios científicos sobre el uso de la ractopamina en cerdos durante la última década. A través de la búsqueda y clasificación de documentos indexados en las bases de datos EBSCO y Google Académico se logra determinar los enfoques que han tenido las investigaciones sobre el tema, las posturas existentes y el prominente avance de la academia brasileña en la región como forma de soportar las exportaciones nacionales de carne porcina en comparación a otros países de la regiónjohanna.velozag@campusucc.edu.coUniversidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, IbaguéMedicina veterinaria y zootecniaIbaguéCerdosFinalizaciónGrasaMúsculoProducciónRactopaminaPigsFinishingFatMuscleProductionRactopamineUso de Ractopamina en la producción de cerdos: una revisión de la literatura (2008-2018)Trabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAtribución – No comercial – Sin Derivarinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aalhus, J., Jones, J., Schaefer, A., Tong, A., Robertson, W., Murray, A. Y Merrill, J. (1990). The effect of ractopamine on performance, carcass composition and meat quality of finishing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 70: 943-952.Agostini, P. S., Silva, C. A., Bridi, A. M., Abrami, R. A. M., Pacheco, G. D., Lozano, A. P., & Bonafé, E. G. (2011). Efeito da ractopamina na performance e na fisiologia do suíno. Archivos de zootecnia, 60(231), 659-670.Alfredo, M., Nino, M., Rodrigo, H. M. M., Karine, V. G., Fabio, M., Sarita, P. G., & Alessandro, G. (2017). Laboratory validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the detection of ractopamine, clenbuterol and salbutamol in bovine and swine muscle at sub-μg kgâ 1 regulatory limits. Food additives & contaminants.Almeida, E. C. D., Fialho, E. T., Rodrigues, P. B., Zangeronimo, M. G., Lima, J. A. D. F., & Fontes, D. D. O. (2010). Ractopamine and lysine levels on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(9), 1961-1968.Almeida, V. V. D., Berenchtein, B., Costa, L. B., Tse, M. L. P., Braz, D. B., & Miyada, V. S. (2010). Ractopamina, cromo-metionina e suas combinações como aditivos modificadores do metabolismo de suínos em crescimento e terminação. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(9), 1969-1977.Almeida, V. V. D., Nuñez, A. J. C., & Miyada, V. S. (2012). Ractopamine as a metabolic modifier feed additive for finishing pigs: a review. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 55(3), 445-456.Bark, L. J., Stahly, T. S., Cromwell, G. L., & Miyat, J. (1992). Influence of genetic capacity for lean tissue growth on rate and efficiency of tissue accretion in pigs fed ractopamine. Journal of animal science, 70(11), 3391-3400.Baytak, A. K., Teker, T., Duzmen, S., & Aslanoglu, M. (2016). A novel voltammetric sensor based on carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles of antimony tin oxide for the determination of ractopamine. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 59, 368-374.Bergen, W. G., Johnson, S. E., Skjaerlund, D. M., Babiker, A. S., Ames, N. K., Merkel, R. A., & Anderson, D. B. (1989). Muscle protein metabolism in finishing pigs fed ractopamine. Journal of animal science, 67(9), 2255-2262.Boler, D. D., Holmer, S. F., Duncan, D. A., Carr, S. N., Ritter, M. J., Stites, C. R., & Killefer, J. (2011). Fresh meat and further processing characteristics of ham muscles from finishing pigs fed ractopamine hydrochloride. Journal of animal science, 89(1), 210-220.Brumatti, R. C., & Kiefer, C. (2010). Simulação técnico-econômica da inclusão de ractopamina em dietas de suínos em terminação Technical-economic simulation of ractopamine inclusion in diets for finishing pigs. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 62(1), 163-171.Carr, S. N., Hamilton, D. N., Miller, K. D., Schroeder, A. L., Fernández-Dueñas, D., Killefer, J., & McKeith, F. K. (2009). The effect of ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean®) on lean carcass yields and pork quality characteristics of heavy pigs fed normal and amino acid fortified diets. Meat science, 81(3), 533-539.Carr, S., Rincker, P., Killefer, J., Baker, D., Ellis, H & McKeith, F. (2005). Effects of different cereal grains and ractopamine hydrochloride on performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality in late-finishing pigs, Journal of Animal Science, 83(1), 223–230.Cervo, G. D. (2012). Métodos de castração associados à adição de ractopamina em dieta suína e seus efeitos no processamento e qualidade de salame tipo italiano.Coelho, O. A. M. (2016). Ractopamina em carne suína: validação de método por ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática e estudo de ocorrência.Conjugado, R. E. Á. L. (2010). Capítulo 2 ractopamina e ácido linoléico conjugado: desempenho, digestibilidade aparente e parâmetros sanguíneos de suínos em terminação resumo. Ractopamina e ácido linoléico conjugado em dietas de suínos em terminação, 40(2), 34-45.Crome, P., McKeith, F., Carr, T., Jones, D., Mowrey,H., Cannon, J. (1996). Effect of ractopamine on growth performance, carcass composition, and cutting yields of pigs slaughtered at 107 and 125 kilograms, Journal of Animal Science, 74(4), 709–716, https://doi.org/10.2527/1996.744709xDunshea, F. R., & King, R. H. (1995). Responses to homeostatic signals in ractopamine-treated pigs. British Journal of Nutrition, 73(6), 809-818.Echeverry Zuluaga, J. J., Gómez Zapata, A., & Parra Suescún, J. E. (2008). Efectos de un B-adrenérgico comercial y varios niveles de lisina sobre la ganancia de peso de cerdos en finalización. Revista Lasallista de Investigación, 5(1).Feddern, V., Aroeira, C. N., Gressler, V., & Dalla Costa, O. A. Resíduos de ractopamina em carne e farinha de carne e ossos de suínos. In Embrapa Suínos e Aves-Artigo em anais de congresso (ALICE). In: WORKSHOP CBNA SOBRE ALIMENTOS SEGUROS, 2017, Campinas. Anais... Campinas: CBNA, 2017.Fernández-Dueñas, D. M., Myers, A. J., Scramlin, S. M., Parks, C. W., Carr, S. N., Killefer, J., & McKeith, F. K. (2008). Carcass, meat quality, and sensory characteristics of heavy body weight pigs fed ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean). Journal of animal science, 86(12), 3544-3550.Freire, E. F. (2010). Desenvolvimento e validação de métodos para análise de Ractopamina na matéria-prima, no produto Ractosuin®, no complexo vitamínico-mineral e na ração para suínos em terminação (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo).Gómez Zapata, A., Parra Suescún, J. E., & Echeverri Zuluaga, J. J. (2008). Efectos de un β-adrenérgico comercial y varios niveles de lisina sobre la ganancia de peso de cerdos en finalización.Grant, A. L., Skjaerlund, D. M., Helferich, W. G., Bergen, W. G., & Merkel, R. A. (1993). Skeletal muscle growth and expression of skeletal muscle alpha-actin mRNA and insulin-like growth factor I mRNA in pigs during feeding and withdrawal of ractopamine. Journal of animal science, 71(12), 3319-3326.Hinson, R. B., Wiegand, B. R., Ritter, M. J., Allee, G. L., & Carr, S. N. (2011). Impact of dietary energy level and ractopamine on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs. Journal of animal science, 89(11), 3572-3579.Kiefer, C., & Sanches, J. F. (2009). Metanálise dos níveis de ractopamina em dietas para suínos em terminação.Kutzler, L. W., Holmer, S. F., Boler, D. D., Carr, S. N., Ritter, M. J., Parks, C. W., & Killefer, J. (2011). Comparison of varying doses and durations of ractopamine hydrochloride on late-finishing pig carcass characteristics and meat quality. Journal of animal science, 89(7), 2176-2188.Leonardo, E. F. A expressão da isoforma de calpastatina responsiva à ractopamina altera a maciez da carne, com implicações na eficiência de crescimento de suínos (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo).Mariezcurrena-Berasain, M. A., Braña-Varela, D., Mariezcurrena-Berasain, M. D., Domínguez-Vara, I. A., Méndez-Medina, D., & Rubio-Lozano, M. S. (2012). Características químicas y sensoriales de la carne de cerdo, en función del consumo de dietas con ractopamina y diferentes concentraciones de lisina. Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias, 3(4), 427-438.Meza, J. A. B., Gurrola, A. G., Ballesteros, J. A. H., & Méndez, R. N. (2017). Efecto de la ractopamina sobre rendimiento productivo y de la canal en cerdos comerciales. EDUCATECONCIENCIA, 13(14).Mills, S. E., Liu, C. Y., Gu, Y., & Schinckel, A. P. (1990). Effects of ractopamine on adipose tissue metabolism and insulin binding in finishing hogs. Interaction with genotype and slaughter weight. Domestic animal endocrinology, 7(2), 251-263.Mitchell, A. D., Solomon, M. B., & Steele, N. C. (1990). Response of low and high protein select lines of pigs to the feeding of the beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine (phenethanolamine). Journal of Animal Science, 68(10), 3226-3232.Mitchell, A. D., Solomon, M. B., & Steele, N. C. (1991). Influence of level of dietary protein or energy on effects of ractopamine in finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science, 69(11), 4487-4495.Montes, A. N., Granja, R. H. M. M., Reche, K. V. G., Giannotti, F. M., Ferrari, S. P. G., Dos, A. S., ... & Salerno, A. G. (2017). Laboratory validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the detection of ractopamine, clenbuterol and salbutamol in bovine and swine muscle at sub-μg kg-1 regulatory limits. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment, 34(5), 785-792.Moore, K. L., Dunshea, F. R., Mullan, B. P., Hennessy, D. P., & D’Souza, D. N. (2009). Ractopamine supplementation increases lean deposition in entire and immunocastrated male pigs. Animal Production Science, 49(12), 1113-1119.Moraes, E., Kiefer, C., & Silva, I. S. (2010). Ractopamina em dietas para suínos machos imunocastrados, castrados e fêmeas. Ciência Rural, 40(2), 409-414.Pérez, A., Obispo, N., Palma, J. y Chicco, C. (2005). Effect of ractopamine and lysine levels on the performance of leaning pigs in the finishing phase. Zootecnia Tropical, 23(4), 429-445.Pleadin, J., Perši, N., Vulić, A., Milić, D., & Vahčić, N. (2012). Determination of residual ractopamine concentrations by enzyme immunoassay in treated pig's tissues on days after withdrawal. Meat science, 90(3), 755-758.Poletto, R., Rostagno, M. H., Richert, B. T., & Marchant-Forde, J. N. (2009). Effects of a “step-up” ractopamine feeding program, sex, and social rank on growth performance, hoof lesions, and Enterobacteriaceae shedding in finishing pigs 1. Journal of Animal Science, 87(1), 304-313.Quilty, S. (2013). Russian Ban On Ractopamine Boosts Brazilian Exports. Beef magazine, disponible en: https://www.beefmagazine.com/foreign-trade/russian-ban-ractopamine-boosts-brazilian-exportsRikard-Bell, C., Curtis, M. A., Van Barneveld, R. J., Mullan, B. P., Edwards, A. C., Gannon, N. J., ... & Dunshea, F. R. (2009). Ractopamine hydrochloride improves growth performance and carcass composition in immunocastrated boars, intact boars, and gilts. Journal of Animal Science, 87(11), 3536-3543.Rikard-Bell, C., Curtis, M., van Barneveld, R., Mullan, B., Edwards, A., Gannon, N., Henman, J., Hughes, P., Dunshea, F. (2009). Ractopamine hydrochloride improves growth performance and carcass composition in immunocastrated boars, intact boars, and gilts, Journal of Animal Science, 87(11), 3536–3543, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2002Rincón, F. G. R., Bautista, J. H., Gaxiola, H. R. G., González, F. A. N., Obregón, J. F., & Loera, J. J. P. (2010). Nivel de adición de HCI-ractopamina en la respuesta productiva, características de la canal y calidad de la carne de cerdos. Nacameh, 4(2), 85-95.Rodrigues, I. R. (2011). Susceptibilidade ao estresse e qualidade de carne de suínos suplementados com diferentes níveis de Ractopamina.Sainz, R. D., Kim, Y. S., Dunshea, F. R., & Campbell, R. G. (1993). Effects of ractopamine in pig muscles: Histology, calpains and β-adrenergic receptors. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 44(7), 1441-1448.Sainz, R. D., Kim, Y. S., Dunshea, F. R., & Campbell, R. G. (1993). Temporal changes in growth enhancement by ractopamine in pigs: Performance aspects. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 44(7), 1449-1455.Silva, L. C. C. (2015). Efeitos da ractopamina e da imunocastração de suínos nas características da barriga e na qualidade do bacon.Souza Cantarelli, V. D., Fialho, E. T., Caperuto de Almeida, E., Zangeronimo, M. G., Oliveira Amaral, N. D., & Freitas Lima, J. A. D. (2009). Características da carcaça e viabilidade econômica do uso de cloridrato de ractopamina para suínos em terminação com alimentação à vontade ou restrita. Ciência Rural, 39(3).Suescún, J. E. P., & Sánchez, H. A. E. (2008). Efecto de varios niveles de treonina: lisina sobre paramétros productivos en cerdos en finalizacion tratados con ractopamina. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, 61(1), 4400-4408.Sung, I. K., Park, S. J., Kang, K., Kim, M. Y., & Cho, S. (2015). Development and Application of a Method for Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Three β-agonists (Clenbuterol, Ractopamine, and Zilpaterol) using Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry. Korean journal for food science of animal resources, 35(1), 121.Wang, J. P., Zhang, S. X., & Shen, J. Z. (2006). A monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay for determination of ractopamine in swine feeds. Journal of animal science, 84(5), 1248-1251.Williams, N. H., Cline, T. R., Schinckel, A. P., & Jones, D. J. (1994). The impact of ractopamine, energy intake, and dietary fat on finisher pig growth performance and carcass merit. Journal of animal science, 72(12), 3152-3162.World Trade Organization (1997). DS26: European Communities — Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones). Disponible en: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds26_e.htmXu, Z., Hu, Y., Hu, Y., & Li, G. (2010). Investigation of ractopamine molecularly imprinted stir bar sorptive extraction and its application for trace analysis of β2-agonists in complex samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 1217(22), 3612-3618.Zhang, G. J., Fang, B. H., Liu, Y. H., Wang, X. F., Xu, L. X., Zhang, Y. P., & He, L. M. (2013). Development of a multi-residue method for fast screening and confirmation of 20 prohibited veterinary drugs in feedstuffs by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B, 936, 10-17.Zhang, L. Y., Chang, B. Y., Dong, T., He, P. L., Yang, W. J., & Wang, Z. Y. (2009). Simultaneous Determination of Salbutamol, Ractopamine, and Clenbuterol in Animal Feeds by SPE and LC—MS. 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