Growth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions.
Se usaron modelos mixtos no lineales para describir el patrón de crecimiento desde el nacimiento hasta la edad de concepción en novillas lecheras de reemplazo, utilizando las funciones de Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Verhulst y Logística. Los grupos raciales estudiados fueron Holstein-50% x Gyr-50% (H...
- Autores:
-
Vélez Terranova, Oscar Mauricio
Sánchez Guerrero, Hugo
Salamanca Carreño, Arcesio
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UCC
- Idioma:
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/15198
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15198
- Palabra clave:
- Crecimiento en novillas lecheras
Animales cruzados
Modelos mixtos no lineales
Dairy heifers’ growth
Crossbred animals
Nonlinear mixed models
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución – No comercial – Sin Derivar
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Growth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions. |
title |
Growth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions. |
spellingShingle |
Growth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions. Crecimiento en novillas lecheras Animales cruzados Modelos mixtos no lineales Dairy heifers’ growth Crossbred animals Nonlinear mixed models |
title_short |
Growth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions. |
title_full |
Growth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions. |
title_fullStr |
Growth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Growth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions. |
title_sort |
Growth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions. |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Vélez Terranova, Oscar Mauricio Sánchez Guerrero, Hugo Salamanca Carreño, Arcesio |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Vélez Terranova, Oscar Mauricio Sánchez Guerrero, Hugo Salamanca Carreño, Arcesio |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Crecimiento en novillas lecheras Animales cruzados Modelos mixtos no lineales |
topic |
Crecimiento en novillas lecheras Animales cruzados Modelos mixtos no lineales Dairy heifers’ growth Crossbred animals Nonlinear mixed models |
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv |
Dairy heifers’ growth Crossbred animals Nonlinear mixed models |
description |
Se usaron modelos mixtos no lineales para describir el patrón de crecimiento desde el nacimiento hasta la edad de concepción en novillas lecheras de reemplazo, utilizando las funciones de Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Verhulst y Logística. Los grupos raciales estudiados fueron Holstein-50% x Gyr-50% (HG), Holstein-50% x Jersey-50% (HJ) y Jersey-50% x Holstein-25% x Gyr-25% (JHG). En cada función matemática, se asociaron efectos aleatorios con respecto a los parámetros peso corporal asintótico (β0), constante de integración (β1) y tasa de maduración (β2). Modelos con efectos fijos y diferentes combinaciones de efectos aleatorios se compararon de acuerdo a la capacidad de ajustarse al conjunto de datos. Para evaluar los modelos se tuvo en cuenta la varianza residual, los criterios de información de Akaike y Bayesiano y los gráficos de residuos. En general, la adición de efectos aleatorios en los modelos, incrementó la precisión en las estimaciones de los parámetros, no obstante, el mejor ajuste se logró con la función Von Bertalanffy con efectos aleatorios asociados a los parámetros β0, β1 y β2. Este modelo mejoró las estadísticas de verosimilitud y redujo la varianza residual en 47% en promedio con respecto a los modelos de efectos fijos. En comparación con un proceso de crecimiento optimo bajo condiciones tropicales, las predicciones de modelo indicaron que las novillas dentro de los tres genotipos evaluados están alcanzando la concepción con pesos inadecuados como consecuencia de la baja calidad de la dieta disponible durante el periodo de cría. Los resultados sugieren que existe la oportunidad de explotar el verdadero potencial de crecimiento de las novillas al mejorar el manejo durante la crianza, la nutrición y a través de la selección de animales precoces. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-11-22T22:19:22Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-11-22T22:19:22Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-01-15 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Artículo |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
1885-4494; 0004-0592 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15198 |
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Velez Terranova, O.M. Sanchez Guerrero, H. y Salamanca, A. (2019). Growth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions. Archivos de Zootecnia, P. (88-98). |
identifier_str_mv |
1885-4494; 0004-0592 Velez Terranova, O.M. Sanchez Guerrero, H. y Salamanca, A. (2019). Growth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions. Archivos de Zootecnia, P. (88-98). |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15198 |
dc.relation.isversionof.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://www.uco.es/ucopress/az/index.php/az/article/view/3944/2316 |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Archivos de Zootecnia |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
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Cooke, JS, Cheng, Z, Bourne, NE, & Wathes, DC 2013, `Association between growth rates, age at first calving and subsequent fertility, milk production and survival in Holstein-Friesian heifers’, Open Journal of Animal Sciences, vol. 3, pp.1-12 Dobos, RC, Nandra, KS, Riley, K, Fulkerson, WJ, Alford, A, & Lean, IJ 2004, `Effects of age and liveweight of dairy heifers at first calving on multiple lactation production’, Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, vol. 44(10), pp. 969-974. Ettema, JF & Santos, JEP 2004, `Impact of Age at Calving on Lactation, Reproduction, Health, and Income in First-Parity Holsteins on Commercial Farms’, Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 87, pp. 2730–2742. Forni, S, Piles, M, Blasco, A, Varona, L, Oliveira, HN, Lobo, RB, & Albuquerque, LG 2009, `Comparison of different nonlinear functions to describe Nelore cattle growth’, Journal of Animal Science, vol. 87, pp. 496–506. Fox, DG, Tedeschi, LO, Tylutki, TP, Russell, JB, Van Amburgh, ME, Chase, LE, Pell, AN, & Overton, TR 2004, `The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model for evaluating herd nutrition and nutrient excretion’, Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol.112, pp.29–78. Freitas, AR 2005, `Curvas de Crescimento na Produção Animal’, Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, vol.34(3), pp.786-795. García-Muñiz, JG, Holmes, CW, Garrick, DJ, López-Villalobos, N, Wickham, BW, Wilson, GF, Brookes, IM, & Purchas, RW 1998, `Growth curves and productivity of Holstein-Friesian cows bred for heavy or light mature live weight’, Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, vol.58, pp. 68-72. Goldberg, V & Ravagnolo, O 2015, `Description of the growth curve for Angus pasture-fed cows under extensive systems ‘, Journal of Animal Science, vol. 93, pp. 4285–4290. doi:10.2527/jas2015-9208 Guedes, DGP, Cunha, EE Lima GFC 2017, ` Genetic evaluation of age at first calving from Brown Swiss cows through survival analysis’, Archivos de Zootecnia, vol. 66, pp. 247-255. Hafiz, AWM, Idris, I, & Yaakub, H 2014, `Growth pattern for body weight, hip height and body lenght of Brakmas Cattle’, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 17(7), pp 952-955.Harring, JR & Blozis, SA 2014, `Fitting correlated residual error structures in nonlinear mixed-effects models using SAS PROC NLMIXED’, Behavior Research Methods, vol.46, pp. 372–384 Haworth, GM, Tranter, WP, Chuck, JN, Cheng, Z & Wathes, DC 2008, `Relationships between age at first calving and first lactation milk yield, and lifetime productivity and longevity in dairy cows’, Veterinary Record, vol. 162, pp. 643–647. Hoffman, PC 1997, `Optimum body size of Holstein replacement heifers’, Journal of Animal Science, vol. 75, pp. 836-845 Hultgren, J & Svensson, C 2009, `Heifer rearing conditions affect length of productive life in Swedish dairy cows’, Preventive Veterinary Medicine, vol. 89, pp. 255–264. Kiernan, K, Tao, J, & Gibbs, P 2012, `Tips and Strategies for Mixed Modeling with SAS/STAT® Procedures’. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA Laird, AK 1965, `Dynamics of relative growth’, Growth, vol. 29, pp. 249–263 Lanna, DPD 1997, `Fatores condicionantes e predisponentes da puberdade e da idade de abate’, In: Simpósio sobre pecuária de corte, 4, Produção de novilho de corte, Anais Piracicaba: Fundação de Estudos Agrários “Luiz de Queiroz”, pp.41-78. Littell, RC, Milliken, GA, Stroup, WW, Wolfinger, RD & Schabenberger, O 2006, SAS for Mixed Models, 2nd edn. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc Lohakare, JD, Südekum, KH, & Pattanaik, AK 2012, `Nutrition-induced Changes of Growth from Birth to First Calving and Its Impact on Mammary Development and First-lactation Milk Yield in Dairy Heifers: A Review’, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, Vol. 25 (9), pp.1338-1350. Lopes, FB, Silva, MC, Marques, EG, & Ferrerira, JL 2011, `Ajustes de curvas de crescimento em bovinos Nelore da região Norte do Brasil’, Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, vol. n.3, pp. 607-617. López de Torre, G, Candotti, JJ, Reverter, A, Bellido, MM, Vasco, P, Garcia, LJ, & Brinks, JS 1992, `Effects of Growth Curve Parameters on Cow Efficiency’, Journal of Animal Science, vol. 70, pp. 2668-2672 Lupi, TM, Nogales, S, León, JM, Barba, C, & Delgado, JV 2015, `Characterization of commercial and biological growth curves in the Segureña sheep breed’, Animal, pp.1-8. doi:10.1017/S1751731115000567 Macciotta, NPP, Cappio-Borlino, A, & Pulina, G 2004, `Growth and lactation curves’, Chapter 6, Saxton, A.M, (eds), Genetic analysis of complex traits using SAS, pp. 97-146. Macdonald, KA, Penno, JW, Bryant, AM, & Roche, JR 2005, `Effect of feeding level pre- and post-puberty and body weight at first calving on growth, milk production, and fertility in grazing dairy cows’, Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 88, pp. 3363-3375. Marinho, KNS, Freitas, AR, Falcão, AJS, & Dias, FEF 2013, `Nonlinear models for fitting growth curves of Nellore cows reared in the Amazon Biome’, Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, vol. 42(9), pp. 645-650. Mazzini, ARA, Muniz, JA, Aquino, LE, & Silva, FF 2003, `Análise da curva de crescimento de machos hereford’, Ciência e Agrotecnologia, Lavras, vol. 27(5), pp.1105-1112. Menchaca, MA, Chase, CC, Olson, TA, & Hammond, AC 1996, `Evaluation of growth curves of Brahman cattle of various frame sizes’, Journal of Animal Science, vol. 74, pp. 2140-2151. Moreira, RP, Mercadante, MEZ, Pedrosa, VB, Cyrillo, JNSG, & Henrique, W 2016, `Growth curves on females of the Caracu breed Curvas de crescimento de fêmeas da raça Caracu’, Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, vol. 37(4), suplemento 1, pp. 2749-2758. Moss, RJ 1993, `Rearing heifers in the subtropics and tropics: nutrient requirements and supplementation’, Tropical Grassland, vol. 27, pp. 238-249. Nelder, JA 1961, `The fitting of a generalization of the logistic curve’, Biometrics, vol. 17, pp. 89–110. Oliveira Júnior, OL,Carnevalli, RA, Peres, AAC, Reis, JC, Moraes, MCMM and Pedreira, BC 2016, ‘Economic and financial analysis of integrated systems for the production of dairy heifers’ vol. 65, pp. 145-154. Perotto, D, Cue, RI, & Lee, AL 1992, `Comparison of nonlinear functions for describing the growth curves of three genotypes of dairy cattle’, Canadian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 72, pp. 773-782. Pinheiro, JC & Bates, DM 1995, `Approximations to the log-likelihood function in the nonlinear mixed-effects model’, Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, vol. 4, pp. 12–35. Pirlo, G, Miglior, F, & Speroni, M 2000, `Effect of age at first calving on production traits and on difference between milk yield returns and rearing costs in Italian Holsteins’, Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 83(3), pp. 603-8 Regadas-Filho, JGL, Tedeschi, LO, Rodrigues, MT, Brito, LF, & Oliveira, TS 2014, `Modelling Animal Systems Research Paper: Comparison of growth curves of two genotypes of dairy goats using nonlinear mixed models’, Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 152, pp. 829–842 Silva, FF, Aquino, LH, & Oliveira, AIL 2002, `Estimativas de Parâmetros Genéticos de Curva de Crescimento de Gado Nelore (Bos indicus)’. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, Lavras, Edição Especial, pp. 562-1567. Tedeschi, LO, Boin, C, Nardon, RFE, & Leme, PR 2000, `Estudo da curva de crescimento de animais da raça Guzerá e seus cruzamentos alimentados a pasto, com e sem suplementação. 1. Análise e seleção das funções não-lineares’, Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, vol. 29(2), pp. 630-637. Teodoro, AL, Oliveira, MVM, Vargas Junior, FM, Juliano, RS, Longo, ML, Seno, LO and Oliveira, CAL 2013. `Increasing levels of protein in the diet of heifers of Pantaneira breed: performance and digestibility’, Archivos de Zootecnia, vol. 62, pp. 369-378. Ugarte, J 1991, `Heifer rearing in the tropics. In: Feeding dairy cows in the tropics’, Proceedings; FAO Animal Production and Health Paper (FAO), no. 86, Expert Consultation on Feeding Dairy Cows in the Tropics, Bangkok (Thailand), 7-11 Jul 1989 Speedy, A (ed.) Sansoucy, R (ed.) / Rome (Italy), FAO, pp. 208-214. Von Bertalanffy, L 1957, `Quantitative laws in metabolism and growth’, The Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 32, pp. 217–230. Wang, Z & Zuidhof, M 2004, `Estimation of growth parameters using a nonlinear mixed Gompertz model’, Poultry Science, vol. 83, pp. 847–852. Wathes, DC, Brickell, JS, Bourne, NE, Swali, A, & Cheng, Z 2008, `Factors influencing heifer survival and fertility on comercial dairy farms’, Animal, vol. 2(8), pp.1135–1143 Wathes, DC, Pollott, GE, Johnson, KF, Richardson, H, & Cooke, JS 2014, `Heifer fertility and carry over consequences for life time production in dairy and beef cattle’, Animal, 8(s1), pp. 91–104. Wattiaux, MA 1997, `Heifer raising – weaning to calving. 34. Growth rate’, Dairy Essentials. Babcock Institute for International Dairy Research and Development. University of Wisconsin – Madison. USA, pp. 133-136 Wolfinger, RD 1999, `Fitting Nonlinear Mixed Models with the New NLMIXED Procedure’, Paper 287. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. |
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Vélez Terranova, Oscar MauricioSánchez Guerrero, HugoSalamanca Carreño, Arcesio68 (261)2019-11-22T22:19:22Z2019-11-22T22:19:22Z2019-01-151885-4494; 0004-0592https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/15198Velez Terranova, O.M. Sanchez Guerrero, H. y Salamanca, A. (2019). Growth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions. Archivos de Zootecnia, P. (88-98).Se usaron modelos mixtos no lineales para describir el patrón de crecimiento desde el nacimiento hasta la edad de concepción en novillas lecheras de reemplazo, utilizando las funciones de Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Verhulst y Logística. Los grupos raciales estudiados fueron Holstein-50% x Gyr-50% (HG), Holstein-50% x Jersey-50% (HJ) y Jersey-50% x Holstein-25% x Gyr-25% (JHG). En cada función matemática, se asociaron efectos aleatorios con respecto a los parámetros peso corporal asintótico (β0), constante de integración (β1) y tasa de maduración (β2). Modelos con efectos fijos y diferentes combinaciones de efectos aleatorios se compararon de acuerdo a la capacidad de ajustarse al conjunto de datos. Para evaluar los modelos se tuvo en cuenta la varianza residual, los criterios de información de Akaike y Bayesiano y los gráficos de residuos. En general, la adición de efectos aleatorios en los modelos, incrementó la precisión en las estimaciones de los parámetros, no obstante, el mejor ajuste se logró con la función Von Bertalanffy con efectos aleatorios asociados a los parámetros β0, β1 y β2. Este modelo mejoró las estadísticas de verosimilitud y redujo la varianza residual en 47% en promedio con respecto a los modelos de efectos fijos. En comparación con un proceso de crecimiento optimo bajo condiciones tropicales, las predicciones de modelo indicaron que las novillas dentro de los tres genotipos evaluados están alcanzando la concepción con pesos inadecuados como consecuencia de la baja calidad de la dieta disponible durante el periodo de cría. Los resultados sugieren que existe la oportunidad de explotar el verdadero potencial de crecimiento de las novillas al mejorar el manejo durante la crianza, la nutrición y a través de la selección de animales precoces.Nonlinear mixed models were used to describe the growth pattern of dairy replacement heifers from birth to conception age using the Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Verhulst and Logistic functions. The studied racial groups were Holstein-50% x Gyr-50% (HG), Holstein-50% x Jersey-50% (HJ) and Jersey-50% x Holstein-25% x Gyr-25% (JHG). Random effects were linked to asymptotic body weight (β0), constant of integration (β1) and maturation rate (β2) parameters in each mathematical function. Models with fixed effects and different combinations of random effects were compared according with their capacity to fit the data set. Residual variance, Akaike and Bayesian information criterion and residual plots were used to evaluate the models. In general, the addition of random effects in the models increased the accuracy in parameters estimates, however the best fit was achieved with the Von Bertalanffy function with random effects associated to β0, β1 and β2 parameters. This model improved the likelihood statistics and reduced the residual variance in 47% on average with respect to the fixed effects models. Compared with an optimal growth process under tropical condition, model predictions indicate that heifer within the three evaluated genotypes are reaching conception with inadequate weights as a consequence of the poor diet quality available during the rearing period. The results suggest that exist the opportunity to exploit the real potential growth of heifers improving the rearing management, nutrition and selecting for precocious animals.https://scienti.colciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001352142https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5416-5906https://scienti.colciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000009387ovelez@unal.edu.coarcesio.salamanca@campusucc.edu.co88-98Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaría y Zootecnia, AraucaAraucaMedicina veterinaria y zootecniahttps://www.uco.es/ucopress/az/index.php/az/article/view/3944/2316Archivos de ZootecniaAggrey, SE 2009, `Logistic nonlinear mixed effects model for estimating growth parameters’, Poultry Science, vol. 88, pp. 276-280.Beal, SL & Sheiner, LB 1982, `Estimating Population Kinetics’, Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, vol. 8(3), pp. 195-222.Beal, SL & Sheiner, LB 1988, `Heteroskedastic Nonlinear Regression’, Technometrics, vol. 30, pp. 327-338.Berry, DP, Horan, B, & Dillon, P 2005, `Comparison of growth curves of three strains of female dairy cattle’, Animal Science, vol. 80, pp.151-160.Canaza-Cayoa, AW, Huanca, T, Gutiérrez, JP & Beltrán, PA 2015, `Modelling of growth curves and estimation of genetic parameters for growth curve parameters in Peruvian young llamas (Lama glama)’, Small Ruminant Research, vol. 130, pp. 81–89Ciccioli, NH, Wettemann, RP, Spicer, LJ, Lents, CA, White, FJ, & Keisler, DH 2003, `Influence of body condition at calving and postpartum nutrition on endocrine function and reproductive performance of primiparous beef cows’, Journal of Animal Science, vol. 81, pp.3107–3120.Cooke, JS, Cheng, Z, Bourne, NE, & Wathes, DC 2013, `Association between growth rates, age at first calving and subsequent fertility, milk production and survival in Holstein-Friesian heifers’, Open Journal of Animal Sciences, vol. 3, pp.1-12Dobos, RC, Nandra, KS, Riley, K, Fulkerson, WJ, Alford, A, & Lean, IJ 2004, `Effects of age and liveweight of dairy heifers at first calving on multiple lactation production’, Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, vol. 44(10), pp. 969-974.Ettema, JF & Santos, JEP 2004, `Impact of Age at Calving on Lactation, Reproduction, Health, and Income in First-Parity Holsteins on Commercial Farms’, Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 87, pp. 2730–2742.Forni, S, Piles, M, Blasco, A, Varona, L, Oliveira, HN, Lobo, RB, & Albuquerque, LG 2009, `Comparison of different nonlinear functions to describe Nelore cattle growth’, Journal of Animal Science, vol. 87, pp. 496–506.Fox, DG, Tedeschi, LO, Tylutki, TP, Russell, JB, Van Amburgh, ME, Chase, LE, Pell, AN, & Overton, TR 2004, `The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model for evaluating herd nutrition and nutrient excretion’, Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol.112, pp.29–78.Freitas, AR 2005, `Curvas de Crescimento na Produção Animal’, Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, vol.34(3), pp.786-795.García-Muñiz, JG, Holmes, CW, Garrick, DJ, López-Villalobos, N, Wickham, BW, Wilson, GF, Brookes, IM, & Purchas, RW 1998, `Growth curves and productivity of Holstein-Friesian cows bred for heavy or light mature live weight’, Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, vol.58, pp. 68-72.Goldberg, V & Ravagnolo, O 2015, `Description of the growth curve for Angus pasture-fed cows under extensive systems ‘, Journal of Animal Science, vol. 93, pp. 4285–4290. doi:10.2527/jas2015-9208Guedes, DGP, Cunha, EE Lima GFC 2017, ` Genetic evaluation of age at first calving from Brown Swiss cows through survival analysis’, Archivos de Zootecnia, vol. 66, pp. 247-255.Hafiz, AWM, Idris, I, & Yaakub, H 2014, `Growth pattern for body weight, hip height and body lenght of Brakmas Cattle’, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 17(7), pp 952-955.Harring, JR & Blozis, SA 2014, `Fitting correlated residual error structures in nonlinear mixed-effects models using SAS PROC NLMIXED’, Behavior Research Methods, vol.46, pp. 372–384Haworth, GM, Tranter, WP, Chuck, JN, Cheng, Z & Wathes, DC 2008, `Relationships between age at first calving and first lactation milk yield, and lifetime productivity and longevity in dairy cows’, Veterinary Record, vol. 162, pp. 643–647.Hoffman, PC 1997, `Optimum body size of Holstein replacement heifers’, Journal of Animal Science, vol. 75, pp. 836-845Hultgren, J & Svensson, C 2009, `Heifer rearing conditions affect length of productive life in Swedish dairy cows’, Preventive Veterinary Medicine, vol. 89, pp. 255–264.Kiernan, K, Tao, J, & Gibbs, P 2012, `Tips and Strategies for Mixed Modeling with SAS/STAT® Procedures’. 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SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Crecimiento en novillas lecherasAnimales cruzadosModelos mixtos no linealesDairy heifers’ growthCrossbred animalsNonlinear mixed modelsGrowth curves modeling of multirracial replacement milk heifers reared under pasture tropical conditions.Artículohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAtribución – No comercial – Sin 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12:03:58.918open.accesshttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de 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