Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action

Introducción: la ciencia forense involucra diversas disciplinas científicas que aplican su experiencia particular al ámbito legal y judicial. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas esta ciencia se ha relacionado con acciones humanitarias y procesos de derechos humanos. La odontología forense juega un p...

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Autores:
Mafla Chamorro, Ana Cristina
Biel Portero, Israel
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
Idioma:
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/46658
Acceso en línea:
http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.v33n1a8
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/46658
Palabra clave:
odontología forense
huella labial
humanitarismo
derechos humanos
epidemiología
forensic dentistry
lip print
humanitarianism
human rights
epidemiology
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución – No comercial – Compartir igual
id COOPER2_229aa2a36557ce42d6a4d7f4e0e151ab
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/46658
network_acronym_str COOPER2
network_name_str Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action
title Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action
spellingShingle Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action
odontología forense
huella labial
humanitarismo
derechos humanos
epidemiología
forensic dentistry
lip print
humanitarianism
human rights
epidemiology
title_short Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action
title_full Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action
title_fullStr Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action
title_full_unstemmed Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action
title_sort Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Mafla Chamorro, Ana Cristina
Biel Portero, Israel
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Mafla Chamorro, Ana Cristina
Biel Portero, Israel
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv odontología forense
huella labial
humanitarismo
derechos humanos
epidemiología
topic odontología forense
huella labial
humanitarismo
derechos humanos
epidemiología
forensic dentistry
lip print
humanitarianism
human rights
epidemiology
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv forensic dentistry
lip print
humanitarianism
human rights
epidemiology
description Introducción: la ciencia forense involucra diversas disciplinas científicas que aplican su experiencia particular al ámbito legal y judicial. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas esta ciencia se ha relacionado con acciones humanitarias y procesos de derechos humanos. La odontología forense juega un papel vital en la identificación personal. El análisis de la huella labial es un procedimiento relativamente sencillo utilizado en esta disciplina. Éste consiste en la evaluación de patrones de fisuras en elevaciones y depresiones de la mucosa labial. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar patrones de huella labial en una población del sur de Colombia, con el fin de agregar evidencia de precondiciones para problemas forenses como parte de una acción forense humanitaria. Métodos: en este estudio se incluyó un total de 384 participantes ≥ 35 años. Las huellas labiales se analizaron mediante la clasificación de Suzuki y Tsuchihashi para identificar el predominio en hombres y mujeres. Se utilizó un análisis descriptivo para identificar las características de la muestra y se realizó una prueba de χ2 para analizar la independencia en la variable sexo para estos datos categóricos. Resultados: los análisis mostraron que los Tipos I y I’ en conjunto fueron las huellas labiales más comunes que se observaron, seguidas del Tipo II. No existieron diferencias estadísticas entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: la evaluación de las huellas labiales es un método económico y podría ser una alternativa en países en desarrollo, especialmente en aquellos que sustentan violaciones masivas de derechos humanos.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-06-30
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-10-08T16:44:53Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-12-30
2022-10-08T16:44:53Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículos Científicos
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dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv Mafla AC, Biel-Portero I.(2021) Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq. 2021; 33(1): 96-106.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/46658
identifier_str_mv ISSN (online): 2145-7670 | ISSN (print): 0121-246X
Mafla AC, Biel-Portero I.(2021) Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq. 2021; 33(1): 96-106.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/46658
url http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.v33n1a8
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/46658
dc.relation.isversionof.spa.fl_str_mv https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/odont/article/view/344962
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Prahlow JA. Forensic pathology for police, death investigators, attorneys, and forensic scientists. New York: Springer; 2010.
2. Houck MM, Siegel JA. Fundamentals of Forensic Science. Boston: Academic Press; 2006.
3. Kirschner RH, Hannibal KE. The application of the forensic sciences to human rights investigations. Med Law. 1994; 13(5-6): 451-60.
4. UN Commission on Human Rights. Human rights and forensic science. Report E/1992/22-E/CN.4/1992/84 (28-02-1992).
5. UN General Assembly. Missing persons. Resolution A/RES/71/201 (19-12-2016).
6. Committee on Enforced Disappearances. Guiding principles for the search for the disappeared persons. (16-04-2019).
7. Cordner S, Tidball-Binz M. Humanitarian forensic action: its origins and future. Forensic Sci Int. 2017; 279: 65-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.08.011
8. Tidball-Binz MV, Hofmeister U. Forensic archaeology in humanitarian contexts: ICRC action and recommendations. In: Groen WJM, Márquez-Grant N, Janaway RC (eds). Forensic Archaeology: a global perspective. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 2015: pp.427–37.
9. Gaggioli G. International humanitarian law: the legal framework for humanitarian forensic action. Forensic Sci Int. 2018; 282: 184-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.10.035
10. Cordner S. Humanitarian forensic science. Aust J Forensic Sci. 2018; 50(6): 639-50. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00450618.2018.1461930
11. Colombia. Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica. Observatorio de memoria y conflicto [Internet]. Bogotá; 2018 [Access date: January, 20, 2019] Available at: http://centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/observatorio
12. The University of Edinburgh. Final agreetment to end the armed conflict & build a stable and lasting peace [Internet]. Scotland; 2016 [Access date: June, 7, 2019 ] Available at: https://www.peaceagreements.org/ generateAgreementPDF/1845
13. Vieira DN. Humanitarian Forensic Action. A New Field of Application for Forensic Sciences. In: Ferrara SD. (ed). P5 Medicine and Justice. Innovation, Unitariness and Evidence. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2017: 182-89.
14. Smitha T, Sheethal HS, Hema KN, Franklin R. Forensic odontology as a humanitarian tool. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019; 23:164. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2Fjomfp.JOMFP_249_18
15. Roberts P. Paradigms of forensic science and legal process: a critical diagnosis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015; 370(1674): 20140256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0256
16. Sloan AJ. Development of the dentition. In: Adams C, Carabott R, Evans S. (eds). Forensic odontology: an essential guide. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014: 9-21.
17. Ahmed SA, Salem HE, Fawzy MM. Forensic dissection of lip print as an investigative tool in a mixed Egyptian population. Alex J Med. 2018; 54(3): 235–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2017.08.002
18. Han Y, Ryu C, Moon J, Kim H, Choi H. A Study on evaluating the uniqueness of fingerprints using statistical analysis. In: Park C., Chee S. (eds). Information Security and Cryptology – ICISC 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3506. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2015.
19. Mala S, Rathod V, Pundir S, Dixit S. Pattern self-repetition of fingerprints, lip prints, and palatal rugae among three generations of family: a forensic approach to identify family hierarchy. J Forensic Dent Sci. 2017; 9(1): 15-9. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2Fjfo.jfds_115_15
20. Tandon A, Srivastava A, Jaiswal R, Patidar M, Khare A. Estimation of gender using cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2017; 8(2): 102-5. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2Fnjms. NJMS_2_17
21. Sandhu H, Verma P, Padda S, Raj SS. Frequency and correlation of lip prints, fingerprints and ABO blood groups in population of Sriganganagar District, Rajasthan. Acta Med Acad. 2017; 46(2): 105-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.195
22. Kapoor N, Badiye A. A study of distribution, sex differences and stability of lip print patterns in an Indian population. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017; 24(6): 1149-54. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sjbs.2015.01.014
23. Khanapure S, Suhas HG, Potdar S, Sam G, Sudeep CB, Arjun MR. Association between cheiloscopic patterns and ABO blood groups among South Indian population. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2017; 18(7): 596-600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2091
24. Alzapur A, Nagothu RS, Nalluri HB. Lip prints: a study of its uniqueness among students of MediCiti Medical College. Indian J Clin Anat Physiol. 2017; 4(1): 68-70.
25. Suzuki K, Tsuchihashi Y. New attempt of personal identification by means of lip print. J Indian Dent Assoc. 1970; 42(1): 8-9.
26. McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2012; 22(3): 276-82.
27. World Health Organization. Gender and health [Internet]; 2020 [Access date: February, 20, 2020]. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/gender-and-health
28. Dineshshankar J, Ganapathi N, Yoithapprabhunath TR, Maheswaran T, Kumar MS, Aravindhan R. Lip prints: role in forensic odontology. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2013; 5(Suppl 1): S95-7. DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.4103%2F0975-7406.113305
29. Eldomiaty MA, Anwar RI, Algaidi SA. Stability of lip-print patterns: a longitudinal study of Saudi females. J Forensic Leg Med. 2014; 22: 154-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2013.12.011
30. Tsuchihashi Y. Studies on personal identification by means of lip prints. Forensic Sci. 1974; 3(3): 233-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9432(74)90034-x
31. Venkatesh R, David MP. Cheiloscopy: an aid for personal identification. J Forensic Dent Sci. 2011; 3(2): 67–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1475.92147
32. Thermadam TP, Chatra L, Ahsan A. Cheiloscopy in gender determination: a study on 2112 individuals. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020; 9(3): 1386-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1046_19
33. Kaul R, Shilpa PS, Padmashree S, Bhat S, Sultana N. Study of lip prints in different ethno-racial groups in India. Indian J Dent Res. 2017; 28(5): 545-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_352_14
34. Sharma BS, Gupta V, Vij H, Sharma E, Tyagi N, Singh S. Cheiloscopy: a tool for antemortem identification. Indian J Dent Sci. 2017; 9(3): 176-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/IJDS.IJDS_60_17
35. Abdel-Aziz MH, Badr-El Dine FMM, Saeed NMM. Regression equations for sex and population detection using the lip print pattern among Egyptian and Malaysian adult. J Forensic Leg Med. 2016; 44: 103-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2016.10.003
36. Šimović M, Pavušk I, Muhasilović S, Vodanović M. Morphologic patterns of lip prints in a sample of Croatian population. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2016; 50(2): 122-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1564/asc50/2/4
37. Evans J, Frank B, Oliffe JL, Gregory D. Health, illness, men and masculinities (HIMM): a theoretical framework for understanding men and their health. J Mens Health. 2011; 8(1): 7–15. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jomh.2010.09.227
38. UN Women. Global database on violence against women [Internet]; 2016 [Access date: March, 09, 2021] Available at: https://bit.ly/3z53ozw
39. Fallas-Morales L, Corrales-Solís AL, Fernández-Chaves JM. Análisis de huellas labiales en una muestra de estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica mediante la clasificación de Renaud: estudio piloto. Med Leg Costa Rica. 2018; 35(2): 20-37.
40. Mantilla-Hernández JC, Otero-Pabón YL, Martínez-Paredes JF. Identificación de sexo mediante queiloscopia en Santander, Colombia: una herramienta para la medicina forense. Estudio inicial. Rev Esp Med Legal. 2015; 41(3): 111-16. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reml.2015.05.004
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spelling Mafla Chamorro, Ana CristinaBiel Portero, Israel 332022-10-08T16:44:53Z2022-12-302022-10-08T16:44:53Z2021-06-30ISSN (online): 2145-7670 | ISSN (print): 0121-246Xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.v33n1a8https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/46658Mafla AC, Biel-Portero I.(2021) Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq. 2021; 33(1): 96-106.https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/46658Introducción: la ciencia forense involucra diversas disciplinas científicas que aplican su experiencia particular al ámbito legal y judicial. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas esta ciencia se ha relacionado con acciones humanitarias y procesos de derechos humanos. La odontología forense juega un papel vital en la identificación personal. El análisis de la huella labial es un procedimiento relativamente sencillo utilizado en esta disciplina. Éste consiste en la evaluación de patrones de fisuras en elevaciones y depresiones de la mucosa labial. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar patrones de huella labial en una población del sur de Colombia, con el fin de agregar evidencia de precondiciones para problemas forenses como parte de una acción forense humanitaria. Métodos: en este estudio se incluyó un total de 384 participantes ≥ 35 años. Las huellas labiales se analizaron mediante la clasificación de Suzuki y Tsuchihashi para identificar el predominio en hombres y mujeres. Se utilizó un análisis descriptivo para identificar las características de la muestra y se realizó una prueba de χ2 para analizar la independencia en la variable sexo para estos datos categóricos. Resultados: los análisis mostraron que los Tipos I y I’ en conjunto fueron las huellas labiales más comunes que se observaron, seguidas del Tipo II. No existieron diferencias estadísticas entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: la evaluación de las huellas labiales es un método económico y podría ser una alternativa en países en desarrollo, especialmente en aquellos que sustentan violaciones masivas de derechos humanos.Introduction: forensic science involves diverse scientific disciplines that apply their particular expertise to the legal and judicial system. However, in the last decades this science has been linked to humanitarian actions and human rights proceedings. Forensic dentistry plays a vital role in personal identification. The lip print analysis is a relatively a simple procedure used in this discipline. It consists of patterns evaluation of cracks in the elevations and depressions on the labial mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the lip print patterns of a southern Colombian population in order to add evidence of preconditions for forensic issues as part of a humanitarian forensic action. Methods: a total of 384 participants ≥ 35 years old were included in this study. The lip prints were analyzed through Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification in order to identify the predominant lip prints in males and females. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the sample characteristics and a χ2 test was performed to analyze independence according to sex variable for these categorical data. Results: the analyses showed that Type I and I’ together were the most commonly lip prints seen in this sample, followed by Type II. There were not statistical differences between males and females. Conclusions: the evaluation of lip prints is a cost-effective method, and it could be an alternative in developing countries, especially in those that address massive violations of human rights.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000676616https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2805-7901https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000002911ana.mafla@campusucc.edu.cohttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=MSFc5YoAAAAJ&hl=es96-106Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Odontología, PastoDr. Andres Alonso Agudelo-SuárezOdontologíaPastohttps://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/odont/article/view/344962Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia1. Prahlow JA. Forensic pathology for police, death investigators, attorneys, and forensic scientists. New York: Springer; 2010.2. Houck MM, Siegel JA. Fundamentals of Forensic Science. Boston: Academic Press; 2006.3. Kirschner RH, Hannibal KE. The application of the forensic sciences to human rights investigations. Med Law. 1994; 13(5-6): 451-60.4. UN Commission on Human Rights. Human rights and forensic science. Report E/1992/22-E/CN.4/1992/84 (28-02-1992).5. UN General Assembly. Missing persons. Resolution A/RES/71/201 (19-12-2016).6. Committee on Enforced Disappearances. Guiding principles for the search for the disappeared persons. (16-04-2019).7. Cordner S, Tidball-Binz M. Humanitarian forensic action: its origins and future. Forensic Sci Int. 2017; 279: 65-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.08.0118. Tidball-Binz MV, Hofmeister U. Forensic archaeology in humanitarian contexts: ICRC action and recommendations. In: Groen WJM, Márquez-Grant N, Janaway RC (eds). Forensic Archaeology: a global perspective. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 2015: pp.427–37.9. Gaggioli G. International humanitarian law: the legal framework for humanitarian forensic action. Forensic Sci Int. 2018; 282: 184-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.10.03510. Cordner S. Humanitarian forensic science. Aust J Forensic Sci. 2018; 50(6): 639-50. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00450618.2018.146193011. Colombia. Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica. Observatorio de memoria y conflicto [Internet]. Bogotá; 2018 [Access date: January, 20, 2019] Available at: http://centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/observatorio12. The University of Edinburgh. Final agreetment to end the armed conflict & build a stable and lasting peace [Internet]. Scotland; 2016 [Access date: June, 7, 2019 ] Available at: https://www.peaceagreements.org/ generateAgreementPDF/184513. Vieira DN. Humanitarian Forensic Action. A New Field of Application for Forensic Sciences. In: Ferrara SD. (ed). P5 Medicine and Justice. Innovation, Unitariness and Evidence. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2017: 182-89.14. Smitha T, Sheethal HS, Hema KN, Franklin R. Forensic odontology as a humanitarian tool. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019; 23:164. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2Fjomfp.JOMFP_249_1815. Roberts P. Paradigms of forensic science and legal process: a critical diagnosis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015; 370(1674): 20140256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.025616. Sloan AJ. Development of the dentition. In: Adams C, Carabott R, Evans S. (eds). Forensic odontology: an essential guide. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014: 9-21.17. Ahmed SA, Salem HE, Fawzy MM. Forensic dissection of lip print as an investigative tool in a mixed Egyptian population. Alex J Med. 2018; 54(3): 235–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2017.08.00218. Han Y, Ryu C, Moon J, Kim H, Choi H. A Study on evaluating the uniqueness of fingerprints using statistical analysis. In: Park C., Chee S. (eds). Information Security and Cryptology – ICISC 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3506. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2015.19. Mala S, Rathod V, Pundir S, Dixit S. Pattern self-repetition of fingerprints, lip prints, and palatal rugae among three generations of family: a forensic approach to identify family hierarchy. J Forensic Dent Sci. 2017; 9(1): 15-9. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2Fjfo.jfds_115_1520. Tandon A, Srivastava A, Jaiswal R, Patidar M, Khare A. Estimation of gender using cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2017; 8(2): 102-5. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2Fnjms. NJMS_2_1721. Sandhu H, Verma P, Padda S, Raj SS. Frequency and correlation of lip prints, fingerprints and ABO blood groups in population of Sriganganagar District, Rajasthan. Acta Med Acad. 2017; 46(2): 105-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.19522. Kapoor N, Badiye A. A study of distribution, sex differences and stability of lip print patterns in an Indian population. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017; 24(6): 1149-54. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sjbs.2015.01.01423. Khanapure S, Suhas HG, Potdar S, Sam G, Sudeep CB, Arjun MR. Association between cheiloscopic patterns and ABO blood groups among South Indian population. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2017; 18(7): 596-600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-209124. Alzapur A, Nagothu RS, Nalluri HB. Lip prints: a study of its uniqueness among students of MediCiti Medical College. Indian J Clin Anat Physiol. 2017; 4(1): 68-70.25. Suzuki K, Tsuchihashi Y. New attempt of personal identification by means of lip print. J Indian Dent Assoc. 1970; 42(1): 8-9.26. McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2012; 22(3): 276-82.27. World Health Organization. Gender and health [Internet]; 2020 [Access date: February, 20, 2020]. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/gender-and-health28. Dineshshankar J, Ganapathi N, Yoithapprabhunath TR, Maheswaran T, Kumar MS, Aravindhan R. Lip prints: role in forensic odontology. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2013; 5(Suppl 1): S95-7. DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.4103%2F0975-7406.11330529. Eldomiaty MA, Anwar RI, Algaidi SA. Stability of lip-print patterns: a longitudinal study of Saudi females. J Forensic Leg Med. 2014; 22: 154-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2013.12.01130. Tsuchihashi Y. Studies on personal identification by means of lip prints. Forensic Sci. 1974; 3(3): 233-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9432(74)90034-x31. Venkatesh R, David MP. Cheiloscopy: an aid for personal identification. J Forensic Dent Sci. 2011; 3(2): 67–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1475.9214732. Thermadam TP, Chatra L, Ahsan A. Cheiloscopy in gender determination: a study on 2112 individuals. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020; 9(3): 1386-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1046_1933. Kaul R, Shilpa PS, Padmashree S, Bhat S, Sultana N. Study of lip prints in different ethno-racial groups in India. Indian J Dent Res. 2017; 28(5): 545-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_352_1434. Sharma BS, Gupta V, Vij H, Sharma E, Tyagi N, Singh S. Cheiloscopy: a tool for antemortem identification. Indian J Dent Sci. 2017; 9(3): 176-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/IJDS.IJDS_60_1735. Abdel-Aziz MH, Badr-El Dine FMM, Saeed NMM. Regression equations for sex and population detection using the lip print pattern among Egyptian and Malaysian adult. J Forensic Leg Med. 2016; 44: 103-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2016.10.00336. Šimović M, Pavušk I, Muhasilović S, Vodanović M. Morphologic patterns of lip prints in a sample of Croatian population. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2016; 50(2): 122-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1564/asc50/2/437. Evans J, Frank B, Oliffe JL, Gregory D. Health, illness, men and masculinities (HIMM): a theoretical framework for understanding men and their health. J Mens Health. 2011; 8(1): 7–15. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jomh.2010.09.22738. UN Women. Global database on violence against women [Internet]; 2016 [Access date: March, 09, 2021] Available at: https://bit.ly/3z53ozw39. Fallas-Morales L, Corrales-Solís AL, Fernández-Chaves JM. Análisis de huellas labiales en una muestra de estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica mediante la clasificación de Renaud: estudio piloto. Med Leg Costa Rica. 2018; 35(2): 20-37.40. Mantilla-Hernández JC, Otero-Pabón YL, Martínez-Paredes JF. Identificación de sexo mediante queiloscopia en Santander, Colombia: una herramienta para la medicina forense. Estudio inicial. Rev Esp Med Legal. 2015; 41(3): 111-16. 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