Brucella abortus: brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinos

La brucelosis es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por bacterias del género Brucella que afectan principalmente al ganado causando esterilidad en los machos y abortos en las hembras preñadas y que pueden ser transmitidas a los seres humanos causando cuadros febriles inespecificos, esta zoonosis ampl...

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Autores:: Arenas Salamanca, Rodrigo Alejandro
Crispín Fajardo, Cristian Fernando

Tipo de recurso:: Trabajo de grado de pregrado

Fecha de publicación:: 2021

Institución:: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

Repositorio:: Repositorio UCC

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Brucella abortus: brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinos
title	Brucella abortus: brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinos
spellingShingle	Brucella abortus: brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinos Brucella abortus Brucelosis Prueba diagnostica Enfermedad infecciosa Biovariedad Brucella abortus Brucelosis Diagnostic test Infectious disease Biovar
title_short	Brucella abortus: brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinos
title_full	Brucella abortus: brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinos
title_fullStr	Brucella abortus: brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinos
title_full_unstemmed	Brucella abortus: brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinos
title_sort	Brucella abortus: brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinos
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Arenas Salamanca, Rodrigo Alejandro Crispín Fajardo, Cristian Fernando
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Bonilla León, Lilian
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Arenas Salamanca, Rodrigo Alejandro Crispín Fajardo, Cristian Fernando
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	Brucella abortus Brucelosis Prueba diagnostica Enfermedad infecciosa Biovariedad
topic	Brucella abortus Brucelosis Prueba diagnostica Enfermedad infecciosa Biovariedad Brucella abortus Brucelosis Diagnostic test Infectious disease Biovar
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv	Brucella abortus Brucelosis Diagnostic test Infectious disease Biovar
description	La brucelosis es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por bacterias del género Brucella que afectan principalmente al ganado causando esterilidad en los machos y abortos en las hembras preñadas y que pueden ser transmitidas a los seres humanos causando cuadros febriles inespecificos, esta zoonosis ampliamente diseminada por todo el mundo representa un riesgo ecónomico y sanitario para los países productores. Las formas más comunes de diagnosticar la brucelosis en animales incluyen la prueba de aglutinación en placa de Rosa de Bengala, la prueba de aglutinación en suero (SAT) y el ensayo inmunoabsorbente indirecto ligado a enzimas (ELISA) que se distribuyen como pruebas directas o indirectas y de aglutinación. En este trabajo se abordan estudios sobre Brucella abortus, pruebas diagnósticas sobre cómo identificar cada una de sus biovariedades, además de las cepas silvestres de las atenuadas utilizadas en vacunas que permitan desarrollar mejores planes de cuarentena y manejo en lotes contaminados. La utilización de técnicas de PCR ha mejorado la rapidez y el diagnóstico de Brucella spp., pero la sensibilidad y especificidad de las diferentes pruebas varía entre laboratorios por problemas como la estandarización de preparación de la muestra, sin embargo, los resultados en general sugieren que la PCR podría ser una prueba de diagnóstico confiable para el diagnóstico de Brucella.
publishDate	2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2021-07-09T19:15:04Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2021-07-09T19:15:04Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2021-06-30
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/35021
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv	Arenas Salamanca, R. A. y Crispín Fajardo, C. F. (2021) Brucella abortus: Brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinos [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/35021
url	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/35021
identifier_str_mv	Arenas Salamanca, R. A. y Crispín Fajardo, C. F. (2021) Brucella abortus: Brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinos [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/35021
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Theron J, Thantsha M. BRUCELLA \| Characteristics. Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology. 2014;:335-339. Pradeepkiran J, Bhaskar M, Shrikanya K, Krishna P, Reddy M, Venkatrayulu C et al. Introduction to brucellosis. Brucella Melitensis. 2021;:1-23. Verger JM, Grimont F, Grimont PA, Grayon M (1987) Taxonomy of the genus Brucella. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol 138:235–238 Verger JM, Grayon M, Cloeckaert A, Lefevre M, Ageron E, Grimont F (2000) Classification of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals using DNA-DNA hybridization and ribotyping. Res Microbiol 151:797–799 Kortepeter MG, Parker GW (1999) Potential biological weapons threats. Emerg Infect Dis 5:523–527 Chain PS, Comerci DJ, Tolmasky ME, Larimer FW, Malfatti SA, Verqez LM, Aquero F, Land ML, Ugalde RA, Garcia E (2005) Whole-genome analyses of speciation events in pathogenic Brucellae. Infect Immun 73:8353–8361 Seleem M, Boyle S, Sriranganathan N. Brucellosis: A re-emerging zoonosis. Veterinary Microbiology. 2010;140(3-4):392-398. Crasta, O.R., Folkerts, O., Fei, Z., Mane, S.P., Evans, C., Martino-Catt, S., Bricker, B., Yu, G., Du, L., and Sobral, B.W. 2008. Genome sequence of Brucella abortus vaccine strain S19 compared to virulent strains yields candidate virulence genes. PLoS ONE 3, e2193. Zhang J, Yin S, Guo F, Meng R, Chen C, Zhang H et al. A potent Brucella abortus 2308 Δery live vaccine allows for the differentiation between natural and vaccinated infection. Journal of Microbiology. 2014;52(8):681-688. Schurig, G.G., Sriranganathan, N., and Corbel, M.J. 2002. Brucellosis vaccines: past, present and future. Vet. Microbiol. 90, 479–496. Bricker BJ, Halling SM. Differentiation of Brucella abortus bv. 1, 2, and 4, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis bv 1 by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32:2660---6. Mugizi DR, Muradrasoli S, Boqvist S, Erume J, Nasinyama GW, Waiswa C, Mboowa G, Klint M, Magnusson U. Isolation and molecular characterization of Brucella isolates in cattle milk in Uganda. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:1---9. Ocampo-Sosa AA, Agüero-Balbín J, García-Lobo JM. Development of a new PCR assay to identify Brucella abortus biovars 5, 6 and 9 and the new subgroup 3b of biovar 3. Vet Microbiol. 2005;110:41---51. Torres Higuera L, Jiménez Velásquez S, Rodríguez Bautista J, Patiño Burbano R. Identification of Brucella abortus biovar 4 of bovine origin in Colombia. Revista Argentina de Microbiología. 2019;51(3):221-228. Maryam Dadar, Ruchi Tiwari, Khan Sharun & Kuldeep Dhama (2021) Importance of brucellosis control programs of livestock on the improvement of one health, Veterinary Quarterly, 41:1, 137-151, DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1894501 Sriranganathan N, Seleem MN, Olsen SC, Samartino LE, Whatmore AM, Bricker B, O'Callaghan D, Halling SM, Crasta OR, Wattam AR. 2009. Brucella. In: Genome mapping and genomics in animal-associated microbes. Springer, Berlin. p. 1–64. Machavarapu M, Poonati R, Mallepaddi PC, Gundlamadugu V, Raghavendra S, Polavarapu KKB, Polavarapu R. 2019. Endemic brucellosis in Indian animal and human populations: a billion dollar issue. J Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm. 13:112–123 Samartino LE. 2002. Brucellosis in Argentina. Vet Microbiol. 90(1–4):71–80. Singh B, Dhand NK, Gill J. 2015. Economic losses occurring due to brucellosis in Indian livestock populations. Prev Vet Med. 119(3–4):211–215 Bamaiyi PH. 2015. The economic impact attributable to brucellosis among goat farms in Peninsula Malaysia and cost benefit analysis. Res Opin Anim Vet Sci. 5:57–64. Ficht, T. (2010). Brucella taxonomy and evolution. Future Microbiol 5(6), 859-866. Rivas-Solano, Olga. (2015). Brucella abortus:patogénesis y regulación génica de la virulencia. Revista Tecnología en Marcha, 28(2), 61-73. Retrieved May 19, 2021. Songer, J. G. & Post, K. W. (2005). Veterinary microbiology: bacterial and fungal agents of animal disease St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders Corbel, M. J. (2006). Brucellosis in humans and animals Genéve: WHO Press. Anderson, T.D. et al. (1986) Pathogenesis of placentitis in the goat inoculated with Brucella abortus. II. Ultrastructural studies. Vet. Pathol. 23, 227–239 De Bolle X, Crosson S, Matroule J, Letesson J. Brucella abortus Cell Cycle and Infection Are Coordinated. 2021. Hallez, R. et al. (2004) Morphological and functional asymmetry in alpha-proteobacteria. Trends Microbiol. 12, 361–365 Brown, P.J. et al. (2012) Polar growth in the Alphaproteobacterial order Rhizobiales. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 1697–1701 Brown, P.J. et al. (2011) Polarity and the diversity of growth mechanisms in bacteria. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 22, 790–798 Moriyon, I. and Berman, D.T. (1983) Isolation, purification, and partial characterization of Brucella abortus matrix protein. Infect. Immun. 39, 394–402 Ko, J. & Splitter, G. A. (2003). Molecular Host-Pathogen Interaction in Brucellosis: Current Understanding and Future Approaches to Vaccine Development for Mice and Humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 16(1), 65-78. Gorvel J. Brucella: a Mr “Hide” converted into Dr Jekyll. Microbes and Infection. 2008;10(9):1010-1013. Corbel M. Studies on the Mechanism of the Rose Bengal Plate Test for Bovine Brucellosis. British Veterinary Journal. 1973;129(2):157-166. Alton GC. Techniques for Brucellosis Laboratory INRA Paris, 1988. Saxena H, Chothe S, Kaur P. Simple solutions to false results with plate/slide agglutination tests in diagnosis of infectious diseases of man and animals. MethodsX. 2015;2:345-352. İRVEM A, YÜCEL F, AKSARAY S, BOR E. Comparison of a New and Rapid Method, Brucella Coombs Gel Test With the Other Methods in the Serological Diagnosis of Brucellosis. Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni. 2015;49(2):181-187. MONTES I, HERNÁNDEZ P. RODRÍGUEZ-MAYO M, MUÑOZ JR. AGULLA A. Evaluation of trhee commercially available blood culture systems for cultivation and detection of Brucella melitensis. 37th ICAAC. Toronto, Canada. September 28- October 1, 1997. ARIZA J, PELLICER T, PALLARÉS R, FOZ A, GUDIOL F. Specific antibody profile in human brucellosis. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: 131-140 Bricker B J, Halling S M. Enhancement of the Brucella AMOS PCR assay for differentiation of Brucella abortus vaccine strains S19 and RB51. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33:1640–1642. Ewalt, D. R., & Bricker, B. J. (2000). Validation of the abbreviated Brucella AMOS PCR as a rapid screening method for differentiation of Brucella abortus field strain isolates and the vaccine strains, 19 and RB51. Journal of clinical microbiology, 38(8), 3085–3086. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.38.8.3085-3086.2000 Sangari F J, Garcia-Lobo J M, Agûero J. The Brucella abortus vaccine strain B19 carries a deletion in the erythritol catabolic genes. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1994;121:337–342. E. Fugier, G. Pappas, J.-P. Gorvel, Virulence factors in brucellosis: implications for aetiopathogenesis and treatment, Expert Rev. Mol. Med. 9 (2007) 1e10. Betteridge, T., Yang, J., Pittard, A. J., & Praszkier, J. (2004). Role of RepA and DnaA proteins in the opening of the origin of DNA replication of an IncB plasmid. Journal of bacteriology, 186(12), 3785–3793. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.12.3785-3793.2004 J. Celli, J.-P. Gorvel, Organelle robbery: Brucella interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum, Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 7 (2004) 93e97. DelVecchio, V.G., Kapatral, V., Redkar, R.J., Patra, G., Mujer, C., Los, T., Ivanova, N., Anderson, I., Bhattacharyya, A., Lykidis, A., Reznik, G., Jablonski, L., Larsen, N., D’Souza, M., Bernal, A., Mazur, M., Goltsman, E., Selkov, E., Elzer, P.H., Hagius, S., O’Callaghan, D., Letesson, J.J., Haselkorn, R., Kyrpides, N., Overbeek, R., 2002. The genome sequence of the facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella melitensis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99, 443–448. Boschiroli ML, Ouahrani-Bettache S, Foulongne V, Michaux-Charachon S, Bourg G, Allardet-Servent A, Cazevieille C, Lavigne JP, Liautard JP, Ramuz M, O’Callaghan D (2002b) Type IV secretion and Brucella virulence. Vet Microbiol 90:341–348 Terzi G, Büyüktanir Ö, Genc ̧ O, Gücükoˇglu A, Yurdusev N. Detection of Brucella antibody and DNA in cow milk by ELISA and PCR. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2010;16:47---52. Mancilla M, Ulloa M, Lopez-Goni, ̃ Moriyon I, Zarraga M. Identification of new IS711 insertion sites in Brucella abortus field isolates. BMC Microbiol. 2011;11:1---6. Rajashekara G, Glasner JD, Glover DA, Splitter GA. Comparative whole-genome hybridization reveals genomic islands in Brucella species. J Bacteriol 2004;186:5040e51. Halling SM, Peterson-Burch BD, Bricker BJ, Zuerner RL, Qing Z, Li LL, et al. Completion of the genome sequence of Brucella abortus and comparison to the highly similar genomes of Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis. J Bacteriol 2005;187:2715e26. Wang J, Wu N, Liu W, Ren J, Tang P, Qiu Y et al. A repA-based ELISA for discriminating cattle vaccinated with Brucella suis 2 from those naturally infected with Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. Molecular and Cellular Probes. 2014;28(5-6):251-254.
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spelling	Bonilla León, LilianArenas Salamanca, Rodrigo AlejandroCrispín Fajardo, Cristian Fernando2021-07-09T19:15:04Z2021-07-09T19:15:04Z2021-06-30https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/35021Arenas Salamanca, R. A. y Crispín Fajardo, C. F. (2021) Brucella abortus: Brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinos [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional UCC. https://repository.ucc.edu.co/handle/20.500.12494/35021La brucelosis es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por bacterias del género Brucella que afectan principalmente al ganado causando esterilidad en los machos y abortos en las hembras preñadas y que pueden ser transmitidas a los seres humanos causando cuadros febriles inespecificos, esta zoonosis ampliamente diseminada por todo el mundo representa un riesgo ecónomico y sanitario para los países productores. Las formas más comunes de diagnosticar la brucelosis en animales incluyen la prueba de aglutinación en placa de Rosa de Bengala, la prueba de aglutinación en suero (SAT) y el ensayo inmunoabsorbente indirecto ligado a enzimas (ELISA) que se distribuyen como pruebas directas o indirectas y de aglutinación. En este trabajo se abordan estudios sobre Brucella abortus, pruebas diagnósticas sobre cómo identificar cada una de sus biovariedades, además de las cepas silvestres de las atenuadas utilizadas en vacunas que permitan desarrollar mejores planes de cuarentena y manejo en lotes contaminados. La utilización de técnicas de PCR ha mejorado la rapidez y el diagnóstico de Brucella spp., pero la sensibilidad y especificidad de las diferentes pruebas varía entre laboratorios por problemas como la estandarización de preparación de la muestra, sin embargo, los resultados en general sugieren que la PCR podría ser una prueba de diagnóstico confiable para el diagnóstico de Brucella.Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella that mainly affect cattle causing sterility in males and abortions in pregnant females and that can be transmitted to humans causing nonspecific febrile pictures, this zoonosis widely disseminated throughout the world represents an economic and sanitary risk for the producing countries. The most common ways to diagnose brucellosis in animals include the Rose Bengal plate agglutination test, the serum agglutination test (SAT), and the enzyme-linked indirect immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which are distributed as direct or indirect tests. and agglutination. This paper aproach to studies on Brucella abortus, diagnostic tests on how to identify each of its biovars, as well as the wild strains of the attenuated ones used in vaccines that allow the development of better quarantine plans and management in contaminated batches. The use of PCR techniques has improved the speed and diagnosis of Brucella spp., But the sensitivity and specificity of the different tests varies between laboratories due to problems such as the standardization of sample preparation, however, the results in general suggest that CRP could be a reliable diagnostic test for the diagnosis of Brucella..rodrigoa.arenas@campusucc.edu.cocristian.crispinf@campusucc.edu.co16 p.Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, IbaguéMedicina veterinaria y zootecniaIbaguéBrucella abortusBrucelosisPrueba diagnosticaEnfermedad infecciosaBiovariedadBrucella abortusBrucelosisDiagnostic testInfectious diseaseBiovarBrucella abortus: brucelosis y nuevas pruebas diagnósticas en bovinosTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAtribucióninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Theron J, Thantsha M. BRUCELLA \| Characteristics. Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology. 2014;:335-339.Pradeepkiran J, Bhaskar M, Shrikanya K, Krishna P, Reddy M, Venkatrayulu C et al. Introduction to brucellosis. Brucella Melitensis. 2021;:1-23.Verger JM, Grimont F, Grimont PA, Grayon M (1987) Taxonomy of the genus Brucella. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol 138:235–238Verger JM, Grayon M, Cloeckaert A, Lefevre M, Ageron E, Grimont F (2000) Classification of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals using DNA-DNA hybridization and ribotyping. Res Microbiol 151:797–799Kortepeter MG, Parker GW (1999) Potential biological weapons threats. Emerg Infect Dis 5:523–527Chain PS, Comerci DJ, Tolmasky ME, Larimer FW, Malfatti SA, Verqez LM, Aquero F, Land ML, Ugalde RA, Garcia E (2005) Whole-genome analyses of speciation events in pathogenic Brucellae. Infect Immun 73:8353–8361Seleem M, Boyle S, Sriranganathan N. Brucellosis: A re-emerging zoonosis. Veterinary Microbiology. 2010;140(3-4):392-398.Crasta, O.R., Folkerts, O., Fei, Z., Mane, S.P., Evans, C., Martino-Catt, S., Bricker, B., Yu, G., Du, L., and Sobral, B.W. 2008. Genome sequence of Brucella abortus vaccine strain S19 compared to virulent strains yields candidate virulence genes. PLoS ONE 3, e2193.Zhang J, Yin S, Guo F, Meng R, Chen C, Zhang H et al. A potent Brucella abortus 2308 Δery live vaccine allows for the differentiation between natural and vaccinated infection. Journal of Microbiology. 2014;52(8):681-688.Schurig, G.G., Sriranganathan, N., and Corbel, M.J. 2002. Brucellosis vaccines: past, present and future. Vet. Microbiol. 90, 479–496.Bricker BJ, Halling SM. Differentiation of Brucella abortus bv. 1, 2, and 4, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis bv 1 by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32:2660---6.Mugizi DR, Muradrasoli S, Boqvist S, Erume J, Nasinyama GW, Waiswa C, Mboowa G, Klint M, Magnusson U. Isolation and molecular characterization of Brucella isolates in cattle milk in Uganda. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:1---9.Ocampo-Sosa AA, Agüero-Balbín J, García-Lobo JM. Development of a new PCR assay to identify Brucella abortus biovars 5, 6 and 9 and the new subgroup 3b of biovar 3. Vet Microbiol. 2005;110:41---51.Torres Higuera L, Jiménez Velásquez S, Rodríguez Bautista J, Patiño Burbano R. Identification of Brucella abortus biovar 4 of bovine origin in Colombia. Revista Argentina de Microbiología. 2019;51(3):221-228.Maryam Dadar, Ruchi Tiwari, Khan Sharun & Kuldeep Dhama (2021) Importance of brucellosis control programs of livestock on the improvement of one health, Veterinary Quarterly, 41:1, 137-151, DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1894501Sriranganathan N, Seleem MN, Olsen SC, Samartino LE, Whatmore AM, Bricker B, O'Callaghan D, Halling SM, Crasta OR, Wattam AR. 2009. Brucella. In: Genome mapping and genomics in animal-associated microbes. Springer, Berlin. p. 1–64.Machavarapu M, Poonati R, Mallepaddi PC, Gundlamadugu V, Raghavendra S, Polavarapu KKB, Polavarapu R. 2019. Endemic brucellosis in Indian animal and human populations: a billion dollar issue. J Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm. 13:112–123Samartino LE. 2002. Brucellosis in Argentina. Vet Microbiol. 90(1–4):71–80.Singh B, Dhand NK, Gill J. 2015. Economic losses occurring due to brucellosis in Indian livestock populations. Prev Vet Med. 119(3–4):211–215Bamaiyi PH. 2015. The economic impact attributable to brucellosis among goat farms in Peninsula Malaysia and cost benefit analysis. Res Opin Anim Vet Sci. 5:57–64.Ficht, T. (2010). Brucella taxonomy and evolution. Future Microbiol 5(6), 859-866.Rivas-Solano, Olga. (2015). Brucella abortus:patogénesis y regulación génica de la virulencia. Revista Tecnología en Marcha, 28(2), 61-73. Retrieved May 19, 2021.Songer, J. G. & Post, K. W. (2005). Veterinary microbiology: bacterial and fungal agents of animal disease St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier SaundersCorbel, M. J. (2006). Brucellosis in humans and animals Genéve: WHO Press.Anderson, T.D. et al. (1986) Pathogenesis of placentitis in the goat inoculated with Brucella abortus. II. Ultrastructural studies. Vet. Pathol. 23, 227–239De Bolle X, Crosson S, Matroule J, Letesson J. Brucella abortus Cell Cycle and Infection Are Coordinated. 2021.Hallez, R. et al. (2004) Morphological and functional asymmetry in alpha-proteobacteria. Trends Microbiol. 12, 361–365Brown, P.J. et al. (2012) Polar growth in the Alphaproteobacterial order Rhizobiales. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 1697–1701Brown, P.J. et al. (2011) Polarity and the diversity of growth mechanisms in bacteria. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 22, 790–798Moriyon, I. and Berman, D.T. (1983) Isolation, purification, and partial characterization of Brucella abortus matrix protein. Infect. Immun. 39, 394–402Ko, J. & Splitter, G. A. 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