Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in hiv-1 Patients

Introducción: la infección por vih-1 induce una respuesta inflamatoria crónica exacerbada que desencadena alteraciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares; sin embargo, algunos individuos “controladores” no presentan los marcadores de progresión típicos. Dado que las pruebas que evaluan el riesgo cardiov...

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Autores:: Castro, Gustavo
León, Kevin
Marín Palma, Damariz
Oyuela, Sarita M
Cataño Bedoya, Jhon Ubeimar
Duque Botero, Julieta
Giraldo Méndez, Diana Patricia
Hernández López, Juan Carlos
Taborda, Natalia Andrea
Rugeles López, María Teresa
Jaimes, Fabián Alberto

Tipo de recurso:: Article of investigation

Fecha de publicación:: 2021

Institución:: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

Repositorio:: Repositorio UCC

Idioma:

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in hiv-1 Patients
title	Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in hiv-1 Patients
spellingShingle	Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in hiv-1 Patients HIV-1 Cardiovascular diseases Inflammation disease progression
title_short	Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in hiv-1 Patients
title_full	Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in hiv-1 Patients
title_fullStr	Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in hiv-1 Patients
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in hiv-1 Patients
title_sort	Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in hiv-1 Patients
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Castro, Gustavo León, Kevin Marín Palma, Damariz Oyuela, Sarita M Cataño Bedoya, Jhon Ubeimar Duque Botero, Julieta Giraldo Méndez, Diana Patricia Hernández López, Juan Carlos Taborda, Natalia Andrea Rugeles López, María Teresa Jaimes, Fabián Alberto
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Castro, Gustavo León, Kevin Marín Palma, Damariz Oyuela, Sarita M Cataño Bedoya, Jhon Ubeimar Duque Botero, Julieta Giraldo Méndez, Diana Patricia Hernández López, Juan Carlos Taborda, Natalia Andrea Rugeles López, María Teresa Jaimes, Fabián Alberto
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	HIV-1 Cardiovascular diseases Inflammation disease progression
topic	HIV-1 Cardiovascular diseases Inflammation disease progression
description	Introducción: la infección por vih-1 induce una respuesta inflamatoria crónica exacerbada que desencadena alteraciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares; sin embargo, algunos individuos “controladores” no presentan los marcadores de progresión típicos. Dado que las pruebas que evaluan el riesgo cardiovascular carecen de precisión en pacientes con vih-1, el estudio de parámetros inflamatorios en individuos con diferente progresión podría aportar a la definición de predictores de enfermedad cardiovascular en esta población. El objetivo es explorar diferencias y correlaciones en biomarcadores metabólicos e inflamatorios asociados con riesgo cardiovascular, comparando individuos controladores y progresores con y sin terapia antiviral. Materiales y métodos: estudio analítico transversal con 63 individuos infectados por vih-1, clasificados en controladores y progresores (con terapia antiviral y sin esta), y controles sanos. Se midió el grosor de la íntima media carotidea (cimt), puntajes de riesgo cardiovascular y cuantificación de perfil lipídico, glucemia en ayunas, pcr ultrasensible, dímero D, sCD14, sCD163, il-6 e il-18. Se realizó comparación por Anova o Kruskal-Wallis y correlación por coeficiente de Spearman. Resultados: no hubo diferencias significativas en índices de Framingham, dad o cimt, pero los individuos controladores presentaron menores valores de triglicéridos, comparados con los progresores. No se observaron diferencias en pcr ultrasensible, il-6, il-18, y sCD163, entre los grupos estudiados. La mediana del hdl fue mayor en los progresores con terapia antiviral y el cimt en los controladores se correlacionó negativamente con sCD14. Conclusión: los individuos controladores presentan un perfil cardiovascular diferente a los individuos progresores, de acuerdo con los biomarcadores metabólicos e inmunológicos evaluados.
publishDate	2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2021-09
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2022-04-01T20:26:56Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2022-04-01T20:26:56Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Artículos Científicos
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dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv	10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.10532
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/44467
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv	Castro G, León K, Marín-Palma D, Oyuela SM, Cataño-Bedoya J-U, Duque-Botero J, Giraldo-Méndez DP, Taborda NA, Hernández JC, Rugeles MT, Jaimes FA. (2021). Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in HIV-1 Patients Rev Cienc Salud. 2021;19(3):1-18. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.10532
identifier_str_mv	10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.10532 Castro G, León K, Marín-Palma D, Oyuela SM, Cataño-Bedoya J-U, Duque-Botero J, Giraldo-Méndez DP, Taborda NA, Hernández JC, Rugeles MT, Jaimes FA. (2021). Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in HIV-1 Patients Rev Cienc Salud. 2021;19(3):1-18. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.10532
url	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/44467
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dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv	Revista Ciencias de la Salud
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Pelchen-Matthews A, Ryom L, Borges AH, Edwards S, Duvivier C, Stephan C, et al. Aging and the evolution of comorbidities among hiv-positive individuals in a European cohort. Aids. 2018;32(16):2405-16. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000001967 Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort C. Causes of death in hiv-1-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy, 1996-2006: collaborative analysis of 13 hiv cohort studies. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(10):1387-96. https://doi.org/10.1086/652283 Ingle SM, May MT, Gill MJ, Mugavero MJ, Lewden C, Abgrall S, et al. Impact of risk factors for specific causes of death in the first and subsequent years of antiretroviral therapy among hiv-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(2):287-97. https://doi.org/10.1093/ cid/ciu261 Sabin CA. Do people with hiv infection have a normal life expectancy in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy? BMC Med. 2013;11:251. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741- 7015-11-251 Kuller LH, Tracy R, Belloso W, De Wit S, Drummond F, Lane HC, et al. Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with hiv infection. PLoS Med. 2008;5(10):e203. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050203 . Group DADS, Friis-Moller N, Reiss P, Sabin CA, Weber R, Monforte A, et al. Class of antiretroviral drugs and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(17):1723-35. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa062744 Ounjaijean S, Kulprachakarn K, Aurpibul L, Kaewpoowat Q, Boonyapranai K, Chaiwarith R, et al. Cardiovascular risks in Asian hiv-infected patients receiving boosted-protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral treatment. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2021;15(2):289-96. https:// doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12864 Estrada V, Martinez-Larrad MT, Gonzalez-Sanchez JL, de Villar NG, Zabena C, Fernandez C, et al. Lipodystrophy and metabolic syndrome in hiv-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy. Metabolism. 2006;55(7):940-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2006.02.024 Kirkman MS, Mahmud H, Korytkowski MT. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2018;47(1):81-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2017.10.002 Beraldo RA, Santos APD, Guimaraes MP, Vassimon HS, Paula FJA, Machado DRL, et al. Body fat redistribution and changes in lipid and glucose metabolism in people living with hiv/aids. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2017;20(3):526-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980- 5497201700030014 Lang S, Mary-Krause M, Simon A, Partisani M, Gilquin J, Cotte L, et al. hiv replication and immune status are independent predictors of the risk of myocardial infarction in hiv-infected individuals. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(4):600-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis489 O’Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Manolio TA, Burke GL, Wolfson SK, Jr. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(1):14-22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199901073400103 Petoumenos K, Reiss P, Ryom L, Rickenbach M, Sabin CA, El-Sadr W, et al. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease (cvd) with age in hiv-positive men: a comparison of the D:A:D cvd risk equation and general population cvd risk equations. hiv Med. 2014;15(10):595- 603. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12162 Walker BD. Elite control of hiv infection: implications for vaccines and treatment. Top hiv Med. 2007;15(4):134-6. Feria MG, Taborda NA, Hernandez JC, Rugeles MT. hiv replication is associated to inflammasomes activation, il-1beta, IL-18 and caspase-1 expression in galt and peripheral blood. PloS One. 2018;13(4):e0192845. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192845 Taborda NA, Rugeles MT, Montoya CJ. Spontaneous control of hiv replication, but not haart-induced viral suppression, is associated with lower activation of immune cells. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66(4):365-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/ QAI.0000000000000162 Taborda NA, Gonzalez SM, Alvarez CM, Correa LA, Montoya CJ, Rugeles MT. Higher frequency of NK and CD4+ T-Cells in mucosa and potent cytotoxic response in hiv controllers. PloS one. 2015;10(8):e0136292. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136292 Friis-Moller N, Thiebaut R, Reiss P, Weber R, Monforte AD, De Wit S, et al. Predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease in hiv-infected patients: the data collection on adverse effects of anti-hiv drugs study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prevent Rehab. 2010;17(5):491-501. https:// doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e328336a150 Muñoz OM, Rodríguez NI, Ruiz Á, Rondón M. Validación de los modelos de predicción de Framingham y procam como estimadores del riesgo cardiovascular en una población colombiana. Rev Colomb Cardiol. 2014;21(4):202-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. rccar.2014.02.001 Muñoz OM, García ÁA, Fernández-Ávila D, Higuera A, Ruiz ÁJ, Aschner P, et al. Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, detección temprana, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de las dislipidemias: evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular. Rev Colomb Cardiol. 2015;22(6):263-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccar.2015.04.009 Marin-Palma D, Castro GA, Cardona-Arias JA, Urcuqui-Inchima S, Hernandez JC. Lower high-density lipoproteins levels during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection are associated with increased inflammatory markers and disease progression. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1350. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01350 Feinstein MJ, Bahiru E, Achenbach C, Longenecker CT, Hsue P, So-Armah K, et al. Patterns of cardiovascular mortality for hiv-infected adults in the United States: 1999 to 2013. Am J Cardiol. 2016;117(2):214-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.10.030 Mdodo R, Frazier EL, Dube SR, Mattson CL, Sutton MY, Brooks JT, et al. Cigarette smoking prevalence among adults with hiv compared with the general adult population in the United States: cross-sectional surveys. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(5):335-44. https://doi. org/10.7326/M14-0954 Durand M, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Baril JG, Trottier S, Trottier B, Harris M, et al. The Canadian hiv and aging cohort study - determinants of increased risk of cardio-vascular diseases in hiv-infected individuals: rationale and study protocol. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):611. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2692-2 Law M, Friis-Moller N, Weber R, Reiss P, Thiebaut R, Kirk O, et al. Modelling the 3-year risk of myocardial infarction among participants in the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-hiv Drugs (dad) study. hiv Med. 2003;4(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468- 1293.2003.00138.x . Thompson-Paul AM, Lichtenstein KA, Armon C, Palella FJ, Jr., Skarbinski J, Chmiel JS, et al. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction in the hiv Outpatient Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(11):1508-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw615 Phan BAP, Weigel B, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Li D, Hur S, et al. Utility of 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Cholesterol Guidelines in hiv-infected adults with carotid atherosclerosis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10(7). https://doi.org/10.1161/ CIRCIMAGING.116.005995 Nsagha DS, Weledji EP, Assob NJ, Njunda LA, Tanue EA, Kibu OD, et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and dyslipidemia in people living with hiv/aids in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon. BMC Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;15:95. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12872-015-0090-5 Hassan M, Philip P. canheart: is HDL cholesterol a cardiovascular specific risk factor? Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2016;2016(4):e201634. https://doi.org/10.21542/gcsp.2016.34 Araujo S, Banon S, Machuca I, Moreno A, Perez-Elias MJ, Casado JL. Prevalence of insulin resistance and risk of diabetes mellitus in hiv-infected patients receiving current antiretroviral drugs. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;171(5):545-54. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-14-0337 Hanna DB, Lin J, Post WS, Hodis HN, Xue X, Anastos K, et al. Association of macrophage inflammation biomarkers with progression of subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis in hiv-infected women and men. J Infect Dis. 2017;215(9):1352-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/ infdis/jix082 Iannello A, Boulassel MR, Samarani S, Tremblay C, Toma E, Routy JP, et al. hiv-1 causes an imbalance in the production of interleukin-18 and its natural antagonist in hiv-infected individuals: implications for enhanced viral replication. J Infect Dis. 2010;201(4):608-17. https://doi.org/10.1086/650314 Marin-Palma MD, Cardona-Arias MJA, Hernández SDJC. Factores inmunológicos relacionados con vih-1 en pacientes colombianos. Rev Cienc Salud. 2019;17(2). https://doi. org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.7927 Sereti I, Krebs SJ, Phanuphak N, Fletcher JL, Slike B, Pinyakorn S, et al. Persistent, albeit reduced, chronic inflammation in persons starting antiretroviral therapy in acute hiv infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(2):124-31. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw683 Rugeles-López MT, Oyuela-Gómez SM, Castro-Torres GA, Jaimes-Barragán FA. Biomarcadores inmunológicos de riesgo cardiovascular en la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana-1. Rev Colomb Cardiol. 2017;24(2):153-60. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.rccar.2016.05.012 Hanna DB, Post WS, Deal JA, Hodis HN, Jacobson LP, Mack WJ, et al. hiv infection is associated with progression of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(4):640-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ325
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spelling	Castro, GustavoLeón, KevinMarín Palma, DamarizOyuela, Sarita MCataño Bedoya, Jhon UbeimarDuque Botero, JulietaGiraldo Méndez, Diana PatriciaHernández López, Juan CarlosTaborda, Natalia AndreaRugeles López, María TeresaJaimes, Fabián Alberto19(3)2022-04-01T20:26:56Z2022-04-01T20:26:56Z2021-0910.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.10532https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/44467Castro G, León K, Marín-Palma D, Oyuela SM, Cataño-Bedoya J-U, Duque-Botero J, Giraldo-Méndez DP, Taborda NA, Hernández JC, Rugeles MT, Jaimes FA. (2021). Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in HIV-1 Patients Rev Cienc Salud. 2021;19(3):1-18. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.10532Introducción: la infección por vih-1 induce una respuesta inflamatoria crónica exacerbada que desencadena alteraciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares; sin embargo, algunos individuos “controladores” no presentan los marcadores de progresión típicos. Dado que las pruebas que evaluan el riesgo cardiovascular carecen de precisión en pacientes con vih-1, el estudio de parámetros inflamatorios en individuos con diferente progresión podría aportar a la definición de predictores de enfermedad cardiovascular en esta población. El objetivo es explorar diferencias y correlaciones en biomarcadores metabólicos e inflamatorios asociados con riesgo cardiovascular, comparando individuos controladores y progresores con y sin terapia antiviral. Materiales y métodos: estudio analítico transversal con 63 individuos infectados por vih-1, clasificados en controladores y progresores (con terapia antiviral y sin esta), y controles sanos. Se midió el grosor de la íntima media carotidea (cimt), puntajes de riesgo cardiovascular y cuantificación de perfil lipídico, glucemia en ayunas, pcr ultrasensible, dímero D, sCD14, sCD163, il-6 e il-18. Se realizó comparación por Anova o Kruskal-Wallis y correlación por coeficiente de Spearman. Resultados: no hubo diferencias significativas en índices de Framingham, dad o cimt, pero los individuos controladores presentaron menores valores de triglicéridos, comparados con los progresores. No se observaron diferencias en pcr ultrasensible, il-6, il-18, y sCD163, entre los grupos estudiados. La mediana del hdl fue mayor en los progresores con terapia antiviral y el cimt en los controladores se correlacionó negativamente con sCD14. Conclusión: los individuos controladores presentan un perfil cardiovascular diferente a los individuos progresores, de acuerdo con los biomarcadores metabólicos e inmunológicos evaluados.https://scienti.colciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000283088http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-5698https://scienti.colciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000011355juanc.hernandezl@campusucc.edu.co1-18Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Medicina, Medellín y Envigado, Colombia, 00000MedicinaMedellínhttps://revistas.urosario.edu.co/xml/562/56268492003/html/index.htmlRevista Ciencias de la SaludPelchen-Matthews A, Ryom L, Borges AH, Edwards S, Duvivier C, Stephan C, et al. Aging and the evolution of comorbidities among hiv-positive individuals in a European cohort. Aids. 2018;32(16):2405-16. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000001967Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort C. Causes of death in hiv-1-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy, 1996-2006: collaborative analysis of 13 hiv cohort studies. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(10):1387-96. https://doi.org/10.1086/652283Ingle SM, May MT, Gill MJ, Mugavero MJ, Lewden C, Abgrall S, et al. Impact of risk factors for specific causes of death in the first and subsequent years of antiretroviral therapy among hiv-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(2):287-97. https://doi.org/10.1093/ cid/ciu261Sabin CA. Do people with hiv infection have a normal life expectancy in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy? BMC Med. 2013;11:251. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741- 7015-11-251Kuller LH, Tracy R, Belloso W, De Wit S, Drummond F, Lane HC, et al. Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with hiv infection. PLoS Med. 2008;5(10):e203. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050203. Group DADS, Friis-Moller N, Reiss P, Sabin CA, Weber R, Monforte A, et al. Class of antiretroviral drugs and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(17):1723-35. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa062744Ounjaijean S, Kulprachakarn K, Aurpibul L, Kaewpoowat Q, Boonyapranai K, Chaiwarith R, et al. Cardiovascular risks in Asian hiv-infected patients receiving boosted-protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral treatment. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2021;15(2):289-96. https:// doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12864Estrada V, Martinez-Larrad MT, Gonzalez-Sanchez JL, de Villar NG, Zabena C, Fernandez C, et al. Lipodystrophy and metabolic syndrome in hiv-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy. Metabolism. 2006;55(7):940-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2006.02.024Kirkman MS, Mahmud H, Korytkowski MT. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2018;47(1):81-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2017.10.002Beraldo RA, Santos APD, Guimaraes MP, Vassimon HS, Paula FJA, Machado DRL, et al. Body fat redistribution and changes in lipid and glucose metabolism in people living with hiv/aids. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2017;20(3):526-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980- 5497201700030014Lang S, Mary-Krause M, Simon A, Partisani M, Gilquin J, Cotte L, et al. hiv replication and immune status are independent predictors of the risk of myocardial infarction in hiv-infected individuals. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(4):600-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis489O’Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Manolio TA, Burke GL, Wolfson SK, Jr. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(1):14-22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199901073400103Petoumenos K, Reiss P, Ryom L, Rickenbach M, Sabin CA, El-Sadr W, et al. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease (cvd) with age in hiv-positive men: a comparison of the D:A:D cvd risk equation and general population cvd risk equations. hiv Med. 2014;15(10):595- 603. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12162Walker BD. Elite control of hiv infection: implications for vaccines and treatment. Top hiv Med. 2007;15(4):134-6.Feria MG, Taborda NA, Hernandez JC, Rugeles MT. hiv replication is associated to inflammasomes activation, il-1beta, IL-18 and caspase-1 expression in galt and peripheral blood. PloS One. 2018;13(4):e0192845. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192845Taborda NA, Rugeles MT, Montoya CJ. Spontaneous control of hiv replication, but not haart-induced viral suppression, is associated with lower activation of immune cells. 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Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, detección temprana, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de las dislipidemias: evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular. Rev Colomb Cardiol. 2015;22(6):263-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccar.2015.04.009Marin-Palma D, Castro GA, Cardona-Arias JA, Urcuqui-Inchima S, Hernandez JC. Lower high-density lipoproteins levels during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection are associated with increased inflammatory markers and disease progression. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1350. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01350Feinstein MJ, Bahiru E, Achenbach C, Longenecker CT, Hsue P, So-Armah K, et al. Patterns of cardiovascular mortality for hiv-infected adults in the United States: 1999 to 2013. Am J Cardiol. 2016;117(2):214-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.10.030Mdodo R, Frazier EL, Dube SR, Mattson CL, Sutton MY, Brooks JT, et al. Cigarette smoking prevalence among adults with hiv compared with the general adult population in the United States: cross-sectional surveys. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(5):335-44. https://doi. org/10.7326/M14-0954Durand M, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Baril JG, Trottier S, Trottier B, Harris M, et al. The Canadian hiv and aging cohort study - determinants of increased risk of cardio-vascular diseases in hiv-infected individuals: rationale and study protocol. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):611. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2692-2Law M, Friis-Moller N, Weber R, Reiss P, Thiebaut R, Kirk O, et al. Modelling the 3-year risk of myocardial infarction among participants in the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-hiv Drugs (dad) study. hiv Med. 2003;4(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468- 1293.2003.00138.x. Thompson-Paul AM, Lichtenstein KA, Armon C, Palella FJ, Jr., Skarbinski J, Chmiel JS, et al. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction in the hiv Outpatient Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(11):1508-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw615Phan BAP, Weigel B, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Li D, Hur S, et al. Utility of 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Cholesterol Guidelines in hiv-infected adults with carotid atherosclerosis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10(7). https://doi.org/10.1161/ CIRCIMAGING.116.005995Nsagha DS, Weledji EP, Assob NJ, Njunda LA, Tanue EA, Kibu OD, et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and dyslipidemia in people living with hiv/aids in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon. BMC Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;15:95. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12872-015-0090-5Hassan M, Philip P. canheart: is HDL cholesterol a cardiovascular specific risk factor? Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2016;2016(4):e201634. https://doi.org/10.21542/gcsp.2016.34Araujo S, Banon S, Machuca I, Moreno A, Perez-Elias MJ, Casado JL. Prevalence of insulin resistance and risk of diabetes mellitus in hiv-infected patients receiving current antiretroviral drugs. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;171(5):545-54. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-14-0337Hanna DB, Lin J, Post WS, Hodis HN, Xue X, Anastos K, et al. Association of macrophage inflammation biomarkers with progression of subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis in hiv-infected women and men. J Infect Dis. 2017;215(9):1352-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/ infdis/jix082Iannello A, Boulassel MR, Samarani S, Tremblay C, Toma E, Routy JP, et al. hiv-1 causes an imbalance in the production of interleukin-18 and its natural antagonist in hiv-infected individuals: implications for enhanced viral replication. J Infect Dis. 2010;201(4):608-17. https://doi.org/10.1086/650314Marin-Palma MD, Cardona-Arias MJA, Hernández SDJC. Factores inmunológicos relacionados con vih-1 en pacientes colombianos. Rev Cienc Salud. 2019;17(2). https://doi. org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.7927Sereti I, Krebs SJ, Phanuphak N, Fletcher JL, Slike B, Pinyakorn S, et al. Persistent, albeit reduced, chronic inflammation in persons starting antiretroviral therapy in acute hiv infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(2):124-31. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw683Rugeles-López MT, Oyuela-Gómez SM, Castro-Torres GA, Jaimes-Barragán FA. Biomarcadores inmunológicos de riesgo cardiovascular en la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana-1. Rev Colomb Cardiol. 2017;24(2):153-60. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.rccar.2016.05.012Hanna DB, Post WS, Deal JA, Hodis HN, Jacobson LP, Mack WJ, et al. hiv infection is associated with progression of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(4):640-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ325HIV-1Cardiovascular diseasesInflammationdisease progressionEvaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in hiv-1 PatientsArtículos Científicoshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAtribucióninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2PublicationORIGINALCardio Gustavo 2021.pdfCardio Gustavo 2021.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf456380https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/7beda450-73f2-4fd1-b8b8-255a7d2e4216/downloadf7e55616d12fa6dfd3f1e07aa12d1868MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/33b3e2ed-f6e6-4619-a688-67bcfafc4f9f/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD52THUMBNAILCardio Gustavo 2021.pdf.jpgCardio Gustavo 2021.pdf.jpgGenerated 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Evaluation of Differences in Metabolic and Immunologic Markers and Cardiovascular Risk in hiv-1 Patients

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